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Introduction Pharmacotherapy is one of the main treatments for patients with young-onset Parkinson’s disease (YOPD). Although numerous studies on the treatment of YOPD have been published, the real-world prescription patterns of these populations remain unclear in China.Methods A national comprehensive evaluation was performed to reveal the pharmacological treatment patterns in Chinese patients with Parkinson’s disease from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2019, with patients aged 21–50 years classified as having YOPD for the subgroup analysis. Information on patients and drugs was extracted to analyse the demographic characteristics, prescription patterns, and levodopa equivalent daily dose (LED) during disease progression.Results A total of 1,134 patients with YOPD were included, and the majority were aged 41–50 years. Prescription of L-DOPA/benserazide and pramipexole accounted for more than 30 and 20%, respectively, in each year from 2014 to 2019. There was no difference in prescription patterns in terms of age, sex and geographical areas. Half of the patients with YOPD were on monotherapy, but the proportion decreased from 2016. Correspondingly, the proportion of patients receiving polytherapy increased, especially those who were prescribed more than two anti-Parkinson’s disease drugs. During the disease course, LED showed high variability, which increased over time.Conclusion L-DOPA/benserazide and pramipexole were the most frequently prescribed anti-PD drugs for patients with YOPD in China. There was a slight trend in the transition from monotherapy to polytherapy. LED increased with disease duration. Thus, we provided an overview of the prescription patterns for patients with YOPD in China.

Additional file 1: Table 1. Baseline characteristics of HBV-ACLF patients with and without prophylactic antibiotics. Table 2. Baseline characteristics of patients with prophylactic antibiotics. Table 3. Characteristics of isolated bacteria in HBV-ACLF patients with bacterial infection

Vibration sensing technology is a fundamental issue in smart machine and environmental vibration monitoring, etc. In this paper, we propose a digital 3D vibration sensing module using electronic resonator, three mechanical spring-switches, embedded microprocessor unit (MCU) and the algorithm of frequency to event. It explains their basic design, how they work. The prototype of digital 3D vibration sensing module has been experimented. The experimental results have proved that 125 samples per second can be taken. These indicate the 3D vibration sensing module has the advantages of low cost, high sensitivity and good vibration effect which are suitable for the applications in instrument and environmental vibration monitoring.

Background/aim: This study aimed to investigate the potential regulatory role of prokineticin 2 (PK2) in modulation of the number and function of Kupffer cells (KCs) during the progression of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Materials and methods: We obtained liver tissue sections from 200 patients with HBV undergoing surgical resection in our hospital between January 2013 and July 2016. Of these 200 tissue sections, 150 were fibrosis tissues and 50 were hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Immunohistochemical evaluations were performed to assess the expression levels of CD68 and PK2 in the sections. The clinical parameters of these 200 patients were also analyzed. Results: As a potential cytokine, PK2 was commonly expressed in KCs. In addition, a close correlation between PK2 and the number of KCs during the progression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBV was found in this study. Conclusion: PK2 is expressed in KCs and participates in the progression of liver fibrosis after HBV infection. As a potential cytokine, PK2 modulates the number of KCs during fibrosis. Thus, PK2 most likely adjusts the number of M1 cells to modulate the role of KCs in the progression of liver fibrosis after HBV infection.

Considering the shortages of classical methods in periodicity analysis, the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for processing nonlinear and non-stationary signals is applied to the V-band fluxes of OJ 287 from 1891 to 2010, 10 intrinsic mode functions with different timescales and a residual function are obtained from the light curve. The result shows that there exists a period of 12.34 yr in the V-band light variation of OJ 287, where the contribution rate of variance is maximal, and confirms that OJ 287 has a long-period variability in the V-band, and that the mean flux of OJ 287 tends to gradually decrease with time.

A new method is proposed to derive the size distribution of aerosol from the simulated multiwavelength lidar extinction coefficients. The basis for this iteration is to consider the extinction efficiency factor of particles as a set of weighting function covering the entire radius region of a distribution. The weighting functions are calculated exactly from Mie theory. This method extends the inversion region by subtracting some extinction coefficient. The radius range of simulated size distribution is 0.1–10.0μm, the inversion radius range is 0.1–2.0μm, but the inverted size distributions are in good agreement with the simulated one.

Transformer is important power equipment in power system, of which the operation condition relates to the security and reliability of electric power system. The effective evaluation for transformer condition usually involves the information of multilayer, multivariable, and multi-target system, among which there are a lot of uncertainty factors, and only fully consider these uncertainty factors can get a fair result. Comprehensive evaluation method had been used more and more in the application of evaluation about the transformer's running condition. In order to solve the comprehensive evaluation problem of the evaluation weights that are difficult to determine and include uncertainty factors with fuzzy characteristics, this paper used the analysis hierarchy process of fuzzy theory, put forward a method to determine the weight of the index system about the running condition of transformer by using trapezoidal fuzzy number, and has comparatively strong practicality in engineering.

Rapid and accurate fault diagnosis remains a problem in the case of multiple fault for the large and complex chemical system. A novel evolutionary neural network for fault diagnosis is suggested. Which adopts three-layer feed — forward neural network with dual genetic algorithm (GA)loops embedded in its training. The dual GA loops are designed for optimizing both topology and connection weights of the neural network and establishing global optimal neural network for fault diagnosis. Computer simulation results in a chemical reactor indicate that the proposed evolutionary neural network fault diagnosis system works effectively and is superior to the conventional back propagation(BP)neural network.

This article present the alarm system of elder tumble based on ZigBee wireless sensor network technology. This core of system is MMA7260+CC2430 which is wireless RF module of three-axis accelerometer, we design it into a wearable node which collect the signal of tumble. The GPS positioning module, tumble signal and tumble location information is sent to the monitor station through the wireless network node. The system can rapidly and promptly help elder stand up, it protect the elder from long lying and have them stand away from life risk.

During the past decade, there have been many agent-based middleware architectures proposed for implementing agent-based middleware systems in various context aware application fields. But those systems are not based on the real intelligent agent. In this paper, we propose an intelligent agent-based middleware for context aware systems (IAMCAS). It aims to sense, combine, infer, predict and learn context information securely in order to provide users with various services in changing environments. We partially implemented the proposed framework for a Location-Aware Messages System as an application example.

This paper analyzes theoretically various nonlinear phenomena caused by focusing a laser beam into high-pressure gas, and the interaction and interference produced, measures the relationship among output energy, input energy, gas pressure and focal length when the fourth harmonic Nd:YAG laser is focused into the Raman cell filled with methane. Experimental results are in agreement with theoretical ones qualitatively. Based on these we can optimize and use the stimulated Raman scattering.