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SummaryThe appropriate development of macrophages, the body’s professional phagocyte, is essential for organismal development, especially in mammals. This dependence is exemplified by the observation that loss-of-function mutations in colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) results in multiple tissue abnormalities owing to an absence of macrophages. Despite this importance, little is known about the molecular and cell biological regulation of macrophage development. Here, we report the surprising finding that the chloride-sensing kinase With-no-lysine 1 (WNK1) is required for development of tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs). Myeloid-specific deletion ofWnk1resulted in a dramatic loss of TRMs, disrupted organ development, systemic neutrophilia, and mortality between 3 and 4 weeks of age. Strikingly, we found that myeloid progenitors or precursors lacking WNK1 not only failed to differentiate into macrophages, but instead differentiated into neutrophils. Mechanistically, the cognate CSF1R cytokine macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) stimulates macropinocytosis by both mouse and human myeloid progenitors and precursor cells. Macropinocytosis, in turn, induces chloride flux and WNK1 phosphorylation. Importantly, blocking macropinocytosis, perturbing chloride flux during macropinocytosis, and inhibiting WNK1 chloride-sensing activity each skewed myeloid progenitor differentiation from macrophages into neutrophils. Thus, we have elucidated a role for WNK1 during macropinocytosis and discovered a novel function of macropinocytosis in myeloid progenitors and precursor cells to ensure macrophage lineage fidelity.Highlights-Myeloid-specific WNK1 loss causes failed macrophage development and premature death-M-CSF-stimulated myeloid progenitors and precursors become neutrophils instead of macrophages-M-CSF induces macropinocytosis by myeloid progenitors, which depends on WNK1-Macropinocytosis enforces macrophage lineage commitment

TABLE S4 Comparison of tumor response in different risk groups using the immunotherapy score

It is challenging to probe ergodicity breaking trends of a quantum many-body system when dissipation inevitably damages quantum coherence originated from coherent coupling and dispersive two-body interactions. Rydberg atoms provide a test bed to detect emergent exotic many-body phases and non-ergodic dynamics where the strong Rydberg atom interaction competes with and overtakes dissipative effects even at room temperature. Here we report experimental evidence of a transition from ergodic towards ergodic breaking dynamics in driven-dissipative Rydberg atomic gases. The broken ergodicity is featured by the long-time phase oscillation, which is attributed from the formation of Rydberg excitation clusters in limit cycle phases. The broken symmetry in the limit cycle is a direct manifestation of many-body interactions, which is verified by tuning atomic densities in our experiment. The reported result reveals that Rydberg many-body systems are a promising candidate to probe ergodicity breaking dynamics, such as limit cycles, and enable the benchmark of non-equilibrium phase transition.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-tag-10.1177_17562848231160630 for Efficacy and safety of a triple combination of atezolizumab, bevacizumab plus GEMOX for advanced biliary tract cancer: a multicenter, single-arm, retrospective study by Kang Wang, Zong-Han Liu, Hong-Ming Yu, Yu-Qiang Cheng, Yan-Jun Xiang, Jing-Ya Zhong, Qian-Zhi Ni, Li-Ping Zhou, Chao Liang, Hong-Kun Zhou, Wei-Wei Pan, Wei-Xing Guo, Jie Shi and Shu-Qun Cheng in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

TABLE S3 Comparison of baseline patient demographics and disease characteristics between the low and high NLR groups

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-tag-10.1177_17562848231160630 for Efficacy and safety of a triple combination of atezolizumab, bevacizumab plus GEMOX for advanced biliary tract cancer: a multicenter, single-arm, retrospective study by Kang Wang, Zong-Han Liu, Hong-Ming Yu, Yu-Qiang Cheng, Yan-Jun Xiang, Jing-Ya Zhong, Qian-Zhi Ni, Li-Ping Zhou, Chao Liang, Hong-Kun Zhou, Wei-Wei Pan, Wei-Xing Guo, Jie Shi and Shu-Qun Cheng in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

TABLE S5 Comparison of disease control in different risk groups using the immunotherapy score

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-tag-10.1177_17562848231160630 for Efficacy and safety of a triple combination of atezolizumab, bevacizumab plus GEMOX for advanced biliary tract cancer: a multicenter, single-arm, retrospective study by Kang Wang, Zong-Han Liu, Hong-Ming Yu, Yu-Qiang Cheng, Yan-Jun Xiang, Jing-Ya Zhong, Qian-Zhi Ni, Li-Ping Zhou, Chao Liang, Hong-Kun Zhou, Wei-Wei Pan, Wei-Xing Guo, Jie Shi and Shu-Qun Cheng in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-tag-10.1177_17562848231160630 for Efficacy and safety of a triple combination of atezolizumab, bevacizumab plus GEMOX for advanced biliary tract cancer: a multicenter, single-arm, retrospective study by Kang Wang, Zong-Han Liu, Hong-Ming Yu, Yu-Qiang Cheng, Yan-Jun Xiang, Jing-Ya Zhong, Qian-Zhi Ni, Li-Ping Zhou, Chao Liang, Hong-Kun Zhou, Wei-Wei Pan, Wei-Xing Guo, Jie Shi and Shu-Qun Cheng in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

TABLE S1 Category and dosage of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors used in the study for the internal training and external validation cohorts

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of sacubitril valsartan sodium in the treatment of resistant hypertension (RH).MethodsThis study is a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients with RH who met the criteria were screened, and all patients adjusted their drug treatment (valsartan 80 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg). After 4 weeks of drug elution, the random envelope method was used for random grouping. The treatment group took sacubitril valsartan sodium 200 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, and the control group took valsartan 80 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for 8 weeks. The 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and the echocardiography index using the office sphygmomanometer were observed in the patients.ResultsA total of 100 patients with RH were included in the two groups, with 50 cases in each group. There were no significant differences in sex, age, or comorbid diseases between the two groups. During the 8-week follow-up, the office BP of the research group were significantly decreased (24.78/17.86 mmHg) compared with those of the control group. In the research group the 24 h average BP, daytime average BP, and nighttime average BP were 144.84/79.82, 147.10/82.06, and 138.67/76.31 mmHg at baseline, and reduced to 128.96/73.32, 131.50/74.94, and 122.11/69.27 mmHg at week 8, which were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly increased (P < 0.05), compared with the control group.ConclusionSacubitril valsartan sodium can effectively reduce BP and improve cardiac function in RH.

Developing frequency combs spectral technologies has potential applications and prospects in the wide fields of cosmology, meteorology, and microwave measurement. Here, we demonstrate a Rydberg microwave frequency comb spectrometer via multiple-microwave field dressing, providing precise microwave measurement. The Rydberg microwave frequency comb spectrum provides a real-time and absolute frequency measurement with a range of 125 MHz and gives the relative phase of a single-frequency microwave signal. The reported experiment helps real-time sensing of an unknown microwave signal in a wide range using Rydberg atoms, which are vital for Rydberg-atom-based microwave metrology., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures

The collective effect of large amounts of atoms exhibit an enhanced interaction between light and atoms. This holds great interest in quantum optics, and quantum information. When a collective excited state of a group of atoms during Rabi oscillation is varying, the oscillation exhibits rich dynamics. Here, we experimentally observe a size-reduction effect of the Rydberg collective state during Rabi oscillation in cold atomic dilute gases. The Rydberg collective state was first created by the Rydberg quantum memory, and we observed a decreased oscillation frequency effect by measuring the time traces of the retrieved light field amplitude, which exhibited chirped characteristics. This is caused by the simultaneous decay to the overall ground state and the overall loss of atoms. The observed oscillations are dependent on the effective Rabi frequency and detuning of the coupling laser, and the dephasing from inhomogeneous broadening. The reported results show the potential prospects of studying the dynamics of the collective effect of a large amount of atoms and manipulating a single-photon wave-packet based on the interaction between light and Rydberg atoms., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

The DC bus voltage of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) is closely related to the active power balance between the series and the shunt sides. In this study, a highly reliable modular multilevel converter (MMC)-UPFC DC bus voltage control strategy is proposed to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the MMC-UPFC. The DC voltage coordinated control strategy of dual converters in the shunt side, which combines the constant DC voltage control, droop control and margin control, is based on the topology configuration of the main converter and the standby converter. The DC voltage coordinated control strategy is adopted for different control targets under conditions of small-range adjustment of active power flow, wide-range adjustment, and the shunt-side converter failure, to achieve reliable and stable operation of UPFC under different operating conditions. Finally, a simulation model was established under the MATLAB/Simulink environment to verify the feasibility of this control strategy.

This paper presents a new view that regards pose estimation of an uncooperative rotating target as a simultaneous localization and mapping problem. This approach allows loop closing and relocalization when tracking lost or rotating a period. Using the real-time trackable and updatable mapping, the pose, orientation and angular spin rate of this uncooperative rotating target were determined. To evaluate this approach, a conventional and a micro experimental satellites were installed on the turntable for rotating images acquiring, where its experimental environment under a complex lighting condition. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach has a great potential on orbit to address simultaneous localization and mapping problem of uncooperative rotating targets.

It is increasingly important to understand the spatial dynamics of epidemics. While there are numerous mathematical models of epidemics, there is a scarcity of physical systems with sufficiently well-controlled parameters to allow quantitative model testing. It is also challenging to replicate the macro non-equilibrium effects of complex models in microscopic systems. In this work, we demonstrate experimentally a physics analog of epidemic spreading using optically driven non-equilibrium phase transitions in strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. Using multiple laser beams we can impose any desired spatial structure. We observe spatially localized phase transitions and their interplay in different parts of the sample. These phase transitions simulate the outbreak of an infectious disease in multiple locations, as well as the dynamics towards herd immunity and endemic state in different regimes. The reported results indicate that Rydberg systems are versatile enough to model complex spatial-temporal dynamics., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures

To satisfy maximum beam current operation in the storage ring of TPS, the operation parameters of both RF transmitters are set to be able to generate its maxi-mum RF power in daily usage. Under such condition, the klystrons can deliver any power below 300kW at constant AC power consumption which is about 520-530 kW. Hence, the AC power usage is independent of the required RF output power. To best utilize the avail-able AC power based on the required RF power, an adaptive control methodology is proposed here to change the operation parameters of the klystron, cath-ode voltage and anode voltage, according to the pre-sent RF power. The corresponding operation parame-ters are applied by the prior tested table which maps the operation parameters with the different saturation RF power. The test results show that the saved energy can be 32% to 11% from 30mA to 450mA for both RF plants as comparing to constant operation parameters of 1047 kW AC power., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

In TPS booster ring, the DLLRF is used to controlled the ramping gap voltage and also the energy saving module is applied to save power while the ring does not inject beam. But we occurred to have a problem of PI saturation due to a large phase change when the energy saving module working. The energy saving module switches the anode voltage of the klystron from high to low level to decrease the cathode current while the ring does not inject and do the opposite while the ring injects. This action causes a large phase change of the transmitter and leads the PI controller to work in the wrong direction. We add a klystron phase loop to solve this situation., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

To support the stable operation of Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) with 500mA beam current and the in-creasing beam line construction, a 3rd RF plant is thus constructed for such demand. The RF power source of the other 2 RF plants adopts klystron type transmitter and the 3rd RF plants is transferred to new technology of solid-state for better redundancy and easier mainte-nance. Base on the success of solid-state power ampli-fier development in 2020, a 3rd RF power source is thus decided to be made in house by solid-state tech-nology. The 500MHz 300kW solid-state transmitter is constructed by 4 80 kW solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) towers and power combined by 3 WR1800 3-dB hybrid couplers. Each tower is consisted of 110 850W final stage SSPA modules with 4 100W pre-amplifiers and 6 600W drive amplifiers. The pre and drive amplifiers are power combined for higher redun-dancy. The DC power are economical industrial 48V AC-DC rack mount power supplies which are parallel connected for higher total DC power and best redun-dancy. The architecture and present progress are pre-sented in this article., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Processing satellite signals can deceive receiver time. For GPS time receivers, this paper proposes two time spoofing methods, one is based on delay control, and the other is based on clock frequency control. By analyzing the principle of satellite timing, the receiver's time-related parameters and time spoofing principle are deduced and the delay control model and the clock control model are constructed respectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the two control methods is verified through design simulation experiments, of which results present that the time-delay control method can linearly skew the receiver time and the clock control method makes the receiver time shift at a certain speed.

An improved dynamic surface control (IDSC) approach is presented for a class of higher order nonlinear systems. In this method, the virtual control signal is directly used to replace the signal generated by the first-order filter to construct the state error, so that the state error is not affected by the first-order filter, and the control design is simplified. The stability of the method is proved by Lyapunov stability theory, and the semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness of all signals in the closed-loop system is guaranteed. Simulation results demonstrate the IDSC method has better tracking performance and stability than traditional DSC method.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has become one of the representative imaging technologies in 21st century. It is widely used in many fields such as geography, ecology, chemistry, medical imaging, and military defense, and so on. In this paper, we utilize HSI technology to collect the spectral data of the specific tissues of pork, observe the spectral characteristics, and attempt to classify the entire pork image by using the collected spectra. We collect the HSI images of pork tissues by using a 470-900nm VNIR hyperspectral camera and a 900-1700nm NIR one. The experiments show that different tissues (e.g., muscles, ligaments, arteries, veins, etc) have different spectral features in certain band regions, and thus could be detected with simple algorithms. Such discovery will help develop a surgery system that combines HSI technology to identify the target tissue and reduce the risk of accidentally injuring important tissues or organs.

In this paper, a novel fuzzy logic data association algorithm is proposed for online visual multi-object tracking. Firstly, in the proposed algorithm, in order to incorporate expert experience into the data association for the improvement of performance in multi-object tracking, a fuzzy inference system based on knowledge is designed by using a set of fuzzy if-then rules. Given the error and change of error of motion, shape and appearance models in the last prediction, these rules are used to determine the fuzzy membership degrees that can be used to substitute the association probabilities between the objects and the measurements (or detection responses). Secondly, in order to deal with the fragmented trajectories caused by long-term occlusions, a track-to-track association approach based on the fuzzy synthetic function is proposed, which can effectively stitch track fragments (tracklets). Because of this, the proposed algorithm has the advantage that it does require no assumption of statistical models of measurement noise and of object dynamics. The experiment results on several public data sets show the efficiency and the ability to minimize the number of fragment tracks of the proposed algorithm.

In the Es3 formation (third section of the Shahejie) of the Eastern sag section of the Liaohe Depression, basalt and trachyte are predominant in the igneous rock. The reservoir consists of complex reservoir space types. Based on the porosity bins of nuclear magnetic logging and the porosity distribution of electric imaging logging, the pores’ sizes and distribution, as well as the mutual connectivity of the reservoir, were analyzed. Also, the characteristics of the different reservoirs were summarized. In regards to the oil reservoirs, large pores (PS>10) were found to account for the majority of the reservoir spaces, and the pore distribution was concentrated and well connected. However, for the poor oil reservoirs, the large and small pores were found to alternate, and the pore distribution was scattered and poorly connected. Within the dry layers, the smaller pores (PS

Background. Although several studies have proved the relationship between the prognostic value of miRNA-15a and different types of cancer, the result remains controversial. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the prognostic value of miRNA-15a expression level in human cancers. Methods. We enrolled appropriate literature by searching the databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Subsequently, we extracted HRs and their 95% CIs and calculated pooled results of miRNA-15a for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Besides, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also revealed in this study. We also further validated this meta-analysis using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Result. 10 studies, including 1616 patients, were embraced in our meta-analysis. The result showed the lower expression of miRNA-15a significantly predicted adverse OS (HR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.41-3.34), but there is no significant association between the expressing level and DFS in cancer patient (HR=2.04, 95% CI: 0.60-6.88). Based on Kaplan-Meier plotter database, we found the same results in bladder Carcinoma, head-neck squamous cell carcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, rectum adenocarcinoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, but opposite results were found in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal carcinoma. Conclusion. Low expressing levels of miRNA-15a indicated poor OS, while miRNA-15a can be used as a prediction biomarker in different cancer types.

The purpose of a Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) system is to control the amplitude and phase of the field in the accelerating cavity. A digital LLRF (DLLRF) system will be installed in the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) storage ring in 2019. The system stability depends much on the feedback parameters. An instability of the cavity voltage controlled by a DLLRF was observed during machine tests with high beam current and low feedback gain. A simulation model for the digital LLRF system with beam-cavity interaction was developed to investigate this instability and simulations and machine test results will be presented here., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Solid-state for high power RF application is an attracting and interesting technology which is now become popular in accelerator field. To adopt and master such technique, a 500MHz, 80kW solid-state amplifier is thus developed in NSRRC. The amplifier is consisted of 100 900W amplifier modules which are driving by identical modules. Each module contains input and output directional couplers and status monitoring circuits. To have longer life time and better performance, the RF power transistors are integrated with water cooled heat sink directly. In such way, the transistors have higher output power and better efficiency. The RF power of each module is combined through coaxial combiner while its DC power is provided by parallel connected DC power supplies which can provide better redundancy and reliability. The home-made solid-state amplifier is demonstrated to have quite high quality RF power and reliability with acceptable power combination efficiency., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

An upgrade of the cryogenic control system for superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) modules of the Taiwan Light Source (TLS) has been completed. The biggest challenge was to recover all protection and operational functions, while minimizing the quantity of vented helium from SRF modules while replacing valve controllers. Gradually, this work was finished within several one- and ten-day scheduled machine shutdown periods for accelerator maintenance. No large helium vent nor pollution of the cryogenic system occurred during all component replacements and function verifications. Functions of the cryogenic electronics were improved, whereas the valve controllers are upgraded to new versions to increase reliability and availability. Communications with the data acquisition system was also secured by buffered signal processing module so that device shutdown of the data acquisition system will not interrupt the cryogenic valve operation., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

A digital low-level RF (DLLRF) control system for the cavity gap voltage is now common throughout the world. At the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) we installed and operated a DLLRF in the booster ring in 2018 successfully and plan to install it also in the storage ring in 2019. Operational and beam loading tests of the DLLRF at the storage ring are ongoing. The performance of the DLLRF in the presence of a large number of 60 Hz harmonics and its stability for gap voltage and phase will be discussed., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

CdS/CdMnTe heterojunction is the core of photoelectric conversion of CdMnTe film solar cells, whose interface properties have an important influence on the cell efficiency. In this study, the first-principles calculation method based on density functional theory is used to build the surface model for each of the CdS (002) and the CdMnTe (111) and the model of CdS/CdMnTe heterojunction with Mn atoms occupying different positions, and to analyze their electronic properties and optical properties. The results show that the lattice mismatch of the CdS/CdMnTe heterojunction is about 3.5%, the atomic positions and bond lengths of the interface change slightly after relaxation. The density of states shows that there is no interface state near the Fermi level in CdS/CdMnTe interface. Besides, the atoms at CdS/CdMnTe interface are hybridized, which can enhance the interface bonding. The differential charge density analyses indicate that the charge transfer mainly occurs at the interface, and electrons transfer from CdMnTe to CdS. The optical analysis shows that CdS/CdMnTe heterojunction mainly absorbs ultraviolet light, and the absorption coefficient can reach 105 cm–1. However, the optical properties of heterojunctions with different Mn atom positions are slightly different. In a range of 200–250 nm, the absorption coefficient of the heterojunction with Mn atom in the middle layer is larger, but in a range of 250–900 nm, the absorption peak of the heterojunction with Mn atom in the interface layer is higher. The results in this paper can provide some references for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of stacked solar cells through the reasonable construction of the heterojunction model and the analysis of the interface photoelectric performance, which is beneficial to the experimental research of multi-band gap heterojunction.

In this paper, a novel particle filter (PF) which we refer to as the quadrature particle filter (QPF) based on fuzzy c-means clustering is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, a set of quadrature point probability densities are designed to approximate the predicted and posterior probability density functions (pdf) of the quadrature particle filter as a Gaussian. It is different from the Gaussian particle filter that uses the prior distribution as the proposal distribution, the proposal distribution of the QPF is approximated by a set of modified quadrature point probability densities, which can effectively enhance the diversity of samples and improve the performance of the QPF. Moreover, the fuzzy membership degrees provided by a modified version of fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm are used to substitute the weights of the particles, and the quadrature point weights are adaptively estimated based on the weighting exponent and the particle weights. Finally, experiment results show the proposed algorithms have advantages over the conventional methods, namely, the unscented Kalman filter(UKF), quadrature Kalman filter(QKF), particle filter(PF), unscented particle filter(UPF) and Gaussian particle filter(GPF), to solve nonlinear non-Gaussian filtering problems. Especially, to the target tracking in Aperiodic Sparseness Sampling Environment, the performance of the quadrature particle filter is much better than those of other nonlinear filtering approaches.

The interaction of many-body quantum system is a critical problem to be solved in the field of quantum information science. Rydberg atoms have large dipole moment, enabling them to interact with others in a long range, thereby offering us a powerful tool for studying many-body quantum physics. Meanwhile, atoms in the ground state are stable, which makes it easy to manipulate them. Therefore, Rydberg-atom many-body system is an ideal platform for studying the interaction of many-body quantum system. Studies of Rydberg-atom many-body system may contribute to understanding the properties of many-body system and putting the interaction of many-body quantum system into practical applications. In this review, we introduce some studies of properties of interaction of Rydberg-atom many-body system, including the Rydberg excitation blockade, the variation of Rabi frequencies of the many-body system and special spatial distribution of Rydberg atoms in a many-body system. Firstly, the Rydberg excitation blockade, the most important property in the Rydberg-atom many-body system, indicates that atoms’ excitation will be suppressed in a certain range around one Rydberg excitation because the interaction between the Rydberg excitation and atoms leads the energy level to shift so that atoms cannot be excited by the same pulse. Secondly, there is a collective Rabi frequency in the system, which is proportional to the square of the number of atoms in the suppressed area. And additionally, because of the Rydberg blockade effect, Rydberg excitations in the ensemble cannot be at casual positions but a regular distribution is formed. Besides the studies of properties, several researches on the applications of interaction of Rydberg-atom many-body system are introduced, including single-photon source, quantum storage, single-atom imaging, quantum simulation, etc. These applications contribute to the development of quantum community and quantum computing, which may bring us a quantum-technology time. Finally, we discuss the future development of Rydberg-atom many-body system and its further applications. Further development includes the development of many-body system with a larger number of atoms, the development of many-body system of atoms with more than one electron, and some other specific subjects based on many-system, such as Rydberg dimer and topological phase. Also some promising applications such as in studying optimization problem by quantum annealing, may become true.

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) propulsion by surfaces is performed through electromagnetic propulsion units mounted on navigations surface in conductive flow fluid (such as seawater or plasma), by which Lorentz force will be generated to propel the near-wall seawater and the navigation. Lorentz force has been used to adjust the flow boundary layer around the cylinder and airfoil. In this study, based on the basic governing equations of fluid dynamics and electromagnetic field, by utilizing finite volume methods, the distribution characteristics of electric and magnetic fields near the propulsion units have been investigated in seawater environment. The results show that the electric and magnetic fields over the surface of the propulsion units rapidly decrease with the normal wall distance. This method can offer a better electromagnetic security.

The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a modern, high brightness 3 GeV light source. A data acquisition pro-gram for the radio frequency (RF) system, including a transient data recorder, a long term data archiver and real time data monitoring, has been developed for the analysis of RF trips and RF system debugging. A soft alarm system is implemented as well utilizing EPICS and python packages. The hardware architecture and the functionality of the RF data acquisition and soft alarm system will be discussed in this article., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

In order to provide short bunch length for picosecond time-resolved experiments and for coherent IR/THz radiation, low momentum compaction factor (alpha) lattices have been commissioned recently at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). The momentum compaction can be positive or negative and its value can be reduced by more than two orders of magnitude. In this paper, we discuss variable low alpha lattice optics, its beam dynamics issues, the measured momentum compaction and bunch lengths as well as beam orbit stability issues, etc., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

As DLLRF control system designs for SRF cavities have greatly matured and the FPGA technology has im-proved as well, it is possible now to think about incorporating dynamic signal analysis (DSA). Implementation of a DSA in the FPGA is desired to study the frequency response of the open/closed loop gain in a SRF system. Open loop gain is useful to observe the stability of a SRF system while closed loop gain can be applied to investi-gate the operational bandwidth of the system feedback and also to configure the performance of a PID controller. The DSA function was confirmed by analyzing the frequency response of a digital filter and the results of the analysis will be compared with MATLAB simulations., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

In this paper, we discuss an energy-savings control sys-tem for the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) booster RF sys-tem. During top-up storage ring operation, a timing con-trol is activated to reduce the booster RF transmitter en-ergy consumption when no injection is required. When-ever injection into the TPS storage ring is needed, the booster RF transmitter is immediately adjusted to operat-ing conditions. This timing-control system will save an energy of 380, 000 kWh annually., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a modern 3 GeV low emittance light source with RMS bunch lengths of about 3 mm at a beam current of 500 mA and operating gap voltage of 3.2 MV. With a higher harmonic cavity, we could increase the Touschek lifetime and lower the heat load of in-vacuum undulators by lengthening the bunch lengths. Preliminary studies show that for full and uni-form fill patterns, the bunch lengths could be increased by a factor of four. However, this calculation ignores phase transient effects and may overestimate the effect of harmonic cavities. A multi-bunch, multi-particle tracking method has been developed to determine the bunch lengths for non-uniform fill patterns, which also takes phase transient effects into account and the expected maximum bunch lengthening factor for different TPS operation conditions are discussed., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

A scheme of evolutionary game and a strategy selection evolutionary game algorithm are proposed for the decision making problem of suppressing Integrated Air Defense System (IADS) for multiple fighters by employing the evolutionary game theory and the replicator dynamics. Considering the evaluations of threats and economic strategy value, and the consumption of the war, a payoff model is developed for the suppressing fighters under the evolutionary game. Furthermore, a degree of difficulty mechanism is introduced to further investigate into the problem. The simulation results of strategy evolution process suggest that the proposed evolutionary game algorithm converges to Nash equilibrium, and demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is contribute to the decision making problem effectively.

Using SF 6 mixed gas instead of pure SF 6 gas can effectively solve the problem of cryogenic liquefaction. However, it is necessary to verify the applicability of Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure when it is applied on analyzing the liquidation problem of SF 6 mixed gas. In this paper, SF 6 /CF 4 gas mixture is taken as an example to introduce a problem that if the mixture can meet requirement under temperature of −40°C. In order to solve the problem, this paper firstly make theoretical analysis and assumption, make the above problem be equivalent to the problem that calculation of partial pressure of SF 6 in gas mixture. After that, SF 6 parameters can be calculated using Beattie-Bridgman formula. The Virial equation is used to calculate the parameters of gas mixture, calculate the second Virial coefficient of binary mixture in terms of the interaction between gas molecules; Finally, calculate the partial pressure of SF 6 in the mixed gas by combining the real gas state equation, the second Virial coefficient calculation equation and the partial pressure relation equation; after that, the conclusion of that if the mixed gas meet the requirements under the temperature of −40°C is drawn. Meanwhile, a cryogenic liquefaction test is carried out to prove the feasibility of the conclusion. This paper presents a method for analyzing the liquefaction characteristics of SF 6 /CF 4 mixture, and also verifies the error when applying Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure on mixed gases.

In this paper, a novel bearings-only maneuvering target tracking algorithm based on truncated quadrature Kalman filtering (TQKF) is proposed. In the proposed method, when the target maneuvers, in order to reduce the effect on performance duo to the increasing variance of the prior distribution, a modified prior distribution based on the current measurement is proposed. In the update step, the first two moments of the modified prior distribution is approximately estimated based on the least square estimation method and Gauss–Hermite quadrature rule, and the posterior distribution is jointly updated by using the prior distribution and the modified prior distribution. Moreover, in order to adaptively choose the estimated results obtained by the prior PDF and the truncated prior PDF, a fuzzy logic approach in which a Gaussian membership function is employed is proposed to determine the weight α. Finally, the experiment results show that the proposed algorithm results in more accurate tracking than the existing one, namely, the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), the quadrature Kalman filter (QKF), interact multiple model extended Kalman filter (IMMEKF) and multiple model Rao–Blackwellized particle filter (MMRBPF).

The second-throat adjustment sheet is a key part for accurately and quickly adjusting Mach number of test section, so it is greatly significant to research the multi-condition dynamic behavior of the second-throat adjustment sheet for the high-accuracy Mach number adjustment of test section. The experimental research method is adopted to research the dynamic behavior of the second-throat adjustment sheet under the combination of multiple working conditions: opening degree of adjustment sheet, rotating speed of compressor and opening degree of central body. The result shows: under the condition of keeping the rotating speed of the compressor, the adjustment sheet has maximum vibration acceleration when the opening degrees of the central body and the adjustment sheet are respectively 20° ∼ 30° and 10 ∼ 20mm; under the condition of not opening the adjustment sheet, the vibration acceleration of the adjustment sheet is increased along with the increase of the opening degree of the central body during the high rotation of the compressor; the adjustment sheet has strong vibration when the rotating speed of the compressor is 2,178 ∼ 2,363rpm; the above working conditions should be avoided as much as possible.

Low Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) systems operating at NSRRC are based on analog technology and are used both at the Taiwan Light Source and the Taiwan Photon Source. In order to have better RF field stability, a new digital LLRF system based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) was developed. A card-sized single-board computer is used as the input/output controller of the digital LLRF system and its design and implementation with EPICS applications are reported here., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

and S2. The measuring items for the constructs of Protection Motivation Theory and descriptive statistics (DOCX 25 kb).

In a high power RF system for accelerator application, the circulator is very important for protecting klystron or IOT from damage due to high reflection power from the cavity. When there is no beam current passing through the superconducting RF cavity of the accelerator, almost 100% RF power will be reflected from the cavity even the cavity is on resonance. The circulator shall be able to forward the reflected power to the load and remain good matching and isolation condition between ports at klystron and the cavity. However, for a ferrite material based circulator, the magnetic field within circulator would be temperature dependent which would cause the variation of input return loss and isolation between ports. Additional DC current driving electromagnet field is thus re-quired for compensating the temperature variation. Even with the compensating DC current, the circulator is still not ideal for practical operation especially when the performance of the circulator is strongly phase dependent. The phenomenon observed in actual operation with one set of SRF systems in NSRRC is thus reported in this article., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

Two modern 3rd generation light sources, the well-developed 1.5-GeV Taiwan Light Source (TLS) and the new constructed 3-GeV Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), are now in routine operation. Both storage rings are powered by the superconducting RF (cavity) modules, one CESR-type SRF module for the TLS since 2005 and two KEKB-type SRF modules for the TPS since 2014. Thanks to continuous efforts, the operational reliability of SRF modules at NSRRC is now compatible or better in comparison with the best operation record of room temperature cavities ever achieved at TLS (1992-2004). How to improve the long term availability but hold the achieved reliability of SRF modules such as to maximize the available annual user beam time, especially, under requirements on high RF power operation, become a new operational challenge, especially for the SRF modules at TPS which is now routinely operated with a forward RF power around 150-kW individually and expected to push to 300-kW in the coming future. Here we report our strategy and achievement to minimize long term interrupt of SRF operation owing to regular full-thermal cycling and annual maintenance of cryogenic plant., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark