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Dietary high soybean oil (SO) levels might cause hepatic lipid deposition, induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response in aquatic animals, while octanoate (OCT) is beneficial to metabolism and health in mammals. However, the effect of OCT has been studied rarely in aquatic animals. In this study, a 10-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of supplemental OCT on hepatic lipid metabolism, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed with high SO levels diet. The negative control diet contained 7% fish oil (FO), while the positive control diet contained 7% SO. The other four experimental diets were supplemented with 0.7, 2.1, 6.3 and 18.9 g/kg sodium octanoate (OCT) based on the positive control diet. Results showed that OCT supplementation effectively reduced the hepatic crude lipid, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and non-esterified free fatty acids contents, and alleviated lipid accumulation caused by the SO diet. Meanwhile, OCT supplementation decreased the serum TG, TC, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, increased the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, improved the serum lipid profiles and alleviated hepatic injury. Furthermore, with the supplementation of OCT, the mRNA expression of genes related to lipogenesis (acc1, scd1, fas, srebp1, dgat1 and cebpα) and fatty acid (FA) transport (fabp3, fatp and cd36) were down-regulated, while the mRNA expression of genes related to lipolysis (atgl, hsl and lpl) and FA β-oxidation (cpt1 and mcad) were up-regulated. Besides that, dietary OCT increased the total antioxidant capacity, activities of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase and the content of reduced glutathione, decreased the content of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde and relieved hepatic oxidative stress. Supplementation of 0.7 and 2.1 g/kg OCT down-regulated the mRNA expression of genes related to pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnfα, il1β and ifnγ), and suppressed hepatic inflammatory response. In conclusion, supplementation with 0.7-2.1 g/kg OCT could reduce hepatic lipid accumulation, relieve oxidative stress and regulate inflammatory response in large yellow croaker fed the diet with high SO levels, providing a new way to alleviate the hepatic fat deposition in aquatic animals.

The impact of microbial communities on ecosystem function varies due to the diverse biological attributes and sensitivities exhibited by different taxonomic groups. These groups can be classified as always rare (ART), conditionally rare (CRT), dominant, and total taxa, each affecting ecosystem function in distinct ways. Thus, understanding the functional traits of organisms within these taxa is crucial for comprehending their contributions to overall ecosystem function. In our study, we investigated the influence of climate warming on the biogeochemical cycles of the ecosystem in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, utilizing an open top chamber experiment. Simulated warming significantly lowered ecosystem function in the grassland but not in the shrubland. This discrepancy was due to the diverse responses of the various taxa present in each ecosystem to warming conditions and their differing roles in determining and regulating ecosystem function. The microbial maintenance of ecosystem function was primarily reliant on the diversity of bacterial dominant taxa and CRT and was less dependent on ART and fungal taxa. Furthermore, bacterial CRT and dominant taxa of the grassland ecosystem were more sensitive to changing climatic conditions than grassland ART, resulting in a more pronounced negative diversity response. In conclusion, the biological maintenance of ecosystem function during climate warming is dependent on microbiome composition and the functional and response characteristics of the taxa present. Thus, understanding the functional traits and response characteristics of various taxa is crucial for predicting the effects of climate change on ecosystem function and informing ecological reconstruction efforts in alpine regions of the plateau.

A self-driven hybrid atomic spin oscillator is demonstrated in theory and experiment with a vapor Rb-Xe dual-spin system. The raw signal of Rb spin oscillation is amplified, phase-shifted and sent back to drive the Xe spins coherently. By fine tuning the driving field strength and phase, a self-sustaining spin oscillation signal with zero frequency shift is obtained. The effective coherence time is infinitely prolonged beyond the intrinsic coherence time of Xe spins, forming a hybrid atomic spin oscillator. Spectral analysis indicates that a frequency resolution of 13.1 nHz is achieved, enhancing the detection sensitivity for magnetic field. Allan deviation analysis shows that the spin oscillator can operate in continuous wave mode like a spin maser. The prototype spin oscillator can be easily implanted into other hybrid spin systems and enhance the detection sensitivity of alkali metal-noble gas comagnetometers., Comment: 6 pages,5 figures

Diabetic ulcer (DU) has been recognized as one of the most prevalent and serious complications of diabetes. However, the clinical efficacy of standard treatments for DU remains poor. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) shows a positive therapeutic effect on DU. Specifically, Zizhu ointment (ZZO) has been widely used to treat DU in long-term clinical practice, but the exact mechanism by which it promotes DU wound healing remains unknown. In this study, network analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) were conducted to identify the active compounds of ZZO. We detected isovalerylshikonin (ISO), mandenol, daidzein, kaempferol, and formononetin in both network analysis and UPLC-HRMS. Moreover, ZZO could ameliorate DU by regulating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and inflammation signaling pathways, according to the results of KEGG analysis. We established a DU mouse model with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection in vivo to evaluate the network analysis result. The experimental results showed that ZZO could inhibit inflammation, remodel fibrous tissue, and promote angiogenesis in the DU area, facilitating wound healing in DU mice. Moreover, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was indeed activated by ZZO treatment, promoting macrophage M2 polarization. In addition, we used molecular docking technology to evaluate the binding sites between ZZO and the PI3K/AKT pathway. The results showed that ISO has a good binding interaction with AKT. Moreover, ISO promoted M2 polarization in macrophages in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Our study found that ZZO could promote DU wound healing by inhibiting inflammation, which was achieved by macrophage M2 polarization through activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Further studies have demonstrated that ISO plays major role in the above process. These findings provide a theoretical basis for further preclinical evaluation and lay a foundation for nano-gel compound treatment with ZZO.

Some weather events like drought, increased precipitation, and warming exert substantial impact on the terrestrial C and N cycling. However, it remains largely unclear about the effect of extreme weather events (extreme drought, heavy rainfall, extreme heat, and extreme cold) on terrestrial C and N cycling. This study aims to analyze the responses of pools and fluxes of C and N in plants, soil, and microbes to extreme weather events by conducting a global meta-analysis of 656 pairwise observations. Results showed that extreme weather events (extreme drought, heavy rainfall, and extreme heat) decreased plant biomass and C flux, and extreme drought and heavy rainfall decreased the plant N pool and soil N flux. These results suggest that extreme weather events weaken the C and N cycling process in terrestrial ecosystems. However, this study did not determine the impact of extreme cold on ecosystem C and N cycling. Additional field experiments are needed to reveal the effects of extreme cold on global C and N cycling patterns.

To review the systematic reviews of acupuncture for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and to provide evidence for clinical decisions. Published systematic reviews targeting acupuncture treatment of DPN were searched using computer through both Chinese and English databases till July 1, 2019. Two researchers screened the papers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and conducted report quality evaluation, methodological quality assessment and evidence quality grading using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), assessment of multiple systematic review 2 (AMSTAR 2) and grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE). Ten systematic reviews were included, involving 11 outcome measures. According to PRISMA, 6 items were sufficiently reported while 1 item was not; AMSTAR 2 appraised that all the included systematic reviews were of low quality in the methodological evaluation; according to GRADE, of the 30 clinical evidences, only 5 were graded moderate while the remained were graded low or extremely low. Descriptive analysis showed that acupuncture can significantly improve DPN symptoms, accelerate the conduction velocities of sensory and motor nerves, and up-regulate the content of plasma nitric oxide (NO), while the adverse reaction rate was low. Acupuncture can produce satisfactory clinical efficacy in treating DPN, but the existing problems, such as low-quality evidence, unitary outcome measures, poor methodological quality of systematic reviews and nonstandard reporting, need to be treated cautiously; meanwhile, more high-quality clinical trials are required to elevate the level of evidence.

Physical geography is a basic research subject of natural sciences. Its research object is the natural environment which is closely related to human living and development, and China’s natural environment is complex and diverse. According to national needs and regional development, physical geographers have achieved remarkable achievements in applied basis and applied research, which also has substantially contributed to the planning of national economic growth and social development, the protection of macro ecosystems and resources, and sustainable regional development. This study summarized the practice and application of physical geography in China over the past 70 years in the following fields: regional differences in natural environments and physical regionalization; land use and land cover changes; natural hazards and risk reduction; process and prevention of desertification; upgrading of medium- and low-yield fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai region; engineering construction in permafrost areas; geochemical element anomalies and the prevention and control of endemic diseases; positioning and observation of physical geographical elements; and identification of geospatial differentiation and geographical detectors. Furthermore, we have proposed the future direction of applied research in the field of physical geography.

The authors regret Unfortunately, formula 2 had been published incorrectly as “[Formula presented] (2)”. The correct formula is “[Formula presented]”. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

Objective To summarize the clinical features and management of intestinal stricture following neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 79 infants with intestinal stricture following NEC treated in our hospital between April, 2014 and June, 2018. Of the 79 infants, 20 were diagnosed to have Bell stage I NEC, 52 were in Bell stage Ⅱ and 7 in Bell stage Ⅲ. All the infants underwent preoperative X-Ray examination, 73 had gastrointestinal contrast study and 69 had rectal mucosal biopsy. Results In these infants, the clinical signs of intestinal stricture occurred at a mean of 46.5 d following NEC. Among the 73 infants receiving gastrointestinal contrast study, 58 were found to have intestinal stenosis and 6 had fetal colon. Rectal mucosal biopsy in 69 infants revealed Hirschsprung disease in 3 cases. Intraoperative exploration showed that intestinal stenosis occurred mostly in the ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon, and multiple stenosis was detected in 32 cases. Surgical resection of stricture and primary end-to-end anastomosis were performed in 71 cases, and the remaining 8 cases underwent staged surgeries. In the 73 cases with complete follow-up data, 3 had postoperative adhesions, and 2 of them received conservative treatment and the other underwent a second operation. Eight infants were hospitalized for 1 to 3 times for malnutrition and dehydration due to repeated diarrhea, and eventually recovered and were discharged smoothly; all the other infants had uneventful recovery without stricture recurrence. Conclusion Intestinal stenosis following NEC occurs most frequently in the colon, and some cases may have multiple strictures. Gastrointestinal contrast study is the primary option for examination. Surgical resection of the stricture and primary end-to-end anastomosis can achieve good therapeutic effect with favorable prognoses in the patients.

Background: Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are common throughout the world, which seriously affects the patient's work and life. Relevant researches suggested that sclerosing foam (SF) has potential benefits for VLUs. However, there is no consistent conclusion. The purpose of our study is to assess whether SF is effective and safe for VLUs. Methods: Relevant clinical randomized controlled trials will be obtained from a search of 8 databases (with no language restrictions) from their inception to May 2020: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Chinese Biological Medicine. Data will be analyzed using RevMan 5.3 after literature screening and data extraction according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cochrane Collaboration Risk of bias Tool will be applied in evaluating the quality of enrolled articles. The primary outcome is Closure of venous leg ulcers, ulcer healing rate, adverse events related to SF. The secondary outcomes include ulcer healing time, ulcer recurrence rate, pain. Risk ratio will be used for categorical data; mean differences will be used for measurement data. Where possible and appropriate, meta-analysis will be performed for each outcome. Results: To clarify whether Sclerosing foam can be safe and efficient on treating venous leg ulcers. Conclusion: Our review will provide useful information to judge whether Sclerosing Foam is an effective and safe intervention for patients with venous leg ulcers.

Objectives Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer has been widely used in medical practice, but its clinical effect is not clear. The purpose of this overview of systematic reviews is to evaluate the clinical evidence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge, Embase, MEDLINE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, the Chongqing VIP Database, Chinese Biomedical Database, and Wanfang Database were searched in 1st December 2020. Systematic reviews (SRs) evaluating the effects of Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in people with diabetic foot ulcer were included. Methodological quality of the included SRs was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. The quality of evidence of the primary studies was assessed using GRADE. The integrity of the included SRs was assessed using PRISMA. The bias risk of each SR was assessed using ROBIS evaluation tool. Results Eleven SRs/MAs met all inclusion criteria. According to the results of the AMSTAR-2, only 1 included review were rated critically as being of high quality, 6 included review were rated critically as being of medium quality. With PRISMA, the reporting checklist was relatively complete, but some reporting weaknesses remained in the topics of the protocol and registration, search strategy, and additional analyses. Based on the ROBIS tool, only five SRs/MAs had a low risk of bias. With the GRADE system, no high-quality evidence was found, and only 13 outcomes provided moderate-quality evidence. Conclusions There is limited clinical evidence to support hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, it is not recommended to routinely apply hyperbaric oxygen therapy to all patients with diabetic foot ulcers, especially those with non-ischemic diabetic foot ulcers. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has certain potential to promote ulcer healing and reduce amputation rate in patients with ischemic diabetic foot ulcers, but due to the low quality and small quantity of the SRs/MAs supporting these results, high-quality studies with rigorous study designs and larger samples are needed before widespread recommendations can be made.

Secondary vegetation succession on abandoned cropland significantly influences soil C-pool dynamics in arid and semi-arid region. Much work on soil C-pool dynamics has been focused on soil organic carbon (SOC), whereas considerably less attention has been given on soil inorganic carbon (SIC). Moreover, the relationship between SOC and SIC during natural succession is unclear. The objective of this research was to investigate SOC and SIC storage dynamics in natural restored grassland following cropland abandonment. We measured SOC and SIC content in paired grassland and cropland sites in the Gaoqiao watershed on the Loess Plateau, China. The grassland sites were established on cropland abandoned for 5, 13, 24, and 32 years. Top soil OC was significantly higher after 10-year restoration, especially in the 0–5 cm soil depths; deeper soil OC was lower in younger grasslands ( 20 yr). SIC was significantly higher after abandonment, but varied largely among successional grasslands. SOC storage (SOCs) decreased in the younger grassland (5 yr), and SOCs (0–100 cm) was significantly higher after 10-year restoration. SIC storage (SICs) increased after abandonment in the 0–100 cm soil depth, but showed various magnitudes among restored grasslands. SIC storage (SICs) originally contained most part of STC storage (STCs), and grass restoration after cropland abandonment led to higher SOCs/STCs ratio and lower SICs/STCs ratio. Our results indicate that grass restoration enhanced the accumulation of SOC and SIC storages, but with inverse proportional contributions to STC storage. We suggest that SIC should be as much focused as SOC during grass restoration in the arid Loess Plateau.

Alkali metal-noble gas NMR gyroscope is widely used for precision rotation measurement in fundamental and applied physics. By numerically simulating the alkali-nuclear-nuclear tri-spin dynamics, we investigate the dependence of gyroscope response on alkali spin relaxation time and nuclear spin magnetization. We found additional resonance peaks appear due to a new source of instability, namely the inherent multistability of tri-spin dynamics. The numerical simulation results agree well with the recent experiment, enabling a better understanding and exploitation of the gyroscope signal., 12 figures

The total reflection of the wave will occur twice and the lightning over-voltage will be increased by 2 times when the lightning wave along the line reached in the disconnect switch are derived through the analysis of the accident 66kV transformer insulation breakdown. This will lead to the switch breakdown and discharge to be grounded. In this case the breaker is between the arrester and the transformer and the transformer will withstand 2 times arrester residual voltage result in the transformer breakdown. Finally, effective preventive measures combined with the practical experience are proposed.

This paper's aiming at the standard transformer stage that they don’t have the obvious position for hanging a grounding line. For solving the problem, and develop a kind of special grounding line for the standard transformer stage. The grounding line is the copper mesh structure of three layer hollow circle, and it achieved the whole weight of a grounding line is less than the normal regulations grounding line. This paper also expounds the method of use for the special grounding line for the standard transformer stage. It proved that the special grounding line for the standard transformer stage not only solved the problem that could not hang a grounding line causing the range of power outages, also proved that the use of the special grounding line can shorten the operation time, achieving the purpose of saving time and effort. Introduction A grounding method by grounding the shell of electric equipments is called protective grounding. Its purpose is to ensure personal safety. When shell of electrical equipment is charged by insulation damage, it will produce the distributed capacitance between power lines and ground. At this point, if one person is standing on the ground with his hand touch the shell, current will go through the person body which causes electrical shock. If we use the device to take protective grounding measures, the shell will contact the earth through wiring. It is the equal of a human body resistance in parallel beside the protective grounding line. As to "human body resistance" is much greater than grounding resistance, therefore the current through the human body is very small, so we avoid the electric shock accidents[1, 2]. The purpose of taking the grounding line when we working on power cut equipments are to protect workers. It is the reliable security measures in the work place to prevent coming electricity suddenly. At the same time, equipment cut off parts of the residual charge is gone with the grounding, which prevents the induced voltage. When we installing grounding line, we must install the earthing terminal, followed by the conductor[3]. The contacting Must be well. The order of destuffing grounding line is contrast, to ensure the safety of grounding line installation personnel. We must use insulation rod and wear insulating gloves when we install or destuffing the grounding line. Fig.1 The red turn part is an insulator 4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology (ICMMCT 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1339 Fig.2 The red turn part is bare part of high voltage line The safe regulations provisions: When the transformer maintenance, it must hang a ground line in two sides .On account of the standard transformer stage didn't have the obvious position for hanging a ground line, it didn't hang a ground line, as shown in the figure below. Figure 1 is the red turn part is an insulator; it can't hang a ground line. Figure 2 is the red turn part is bare part of high voltage line which is very thin, and it can not bear the weight of the normal regulations ground line. So we develop a kind of special ground line for the standard transformer stage for the transformer maintenance work[4, 5]. Design scheme According to the surface effect, most of the current go through the conductor by the external surface, thus we develop a dedicated grounding line of the standard transformer stage. Grounding line is a three layer hollow round made by copper mesh structure, Based on the test, we choose the layer, which make it equal to the current capacity of the routine grounding line. It is shown in figure 3.At the point of contacting wiring of the low voltage side in the transformer, we install the grounding ring. Installation location (red circle) as shown in figure 1.At the arrester on the high voltage side of the transformer, we install a homemade ground lug. Installation location (red circle) as shown in figure 2.When we use it, we contact the bottom of the dedicated grounding line of the standard transformer stage with the ground strip, and then we use wire clip to clip a set of dedicated grounding line of the standard transformer stage to the ground lug which is on the high voltage side of the transformer, another group of clip on the grounding ring of the low voltage side the transformer. Fig.3 A sketch of the dedicated grounding line used on the standard transformer stage Note: 1--wire clip(length of 0.1 m) 2--a dedicated net grounding line(length of 1.5 m) 3--the end of grounding line(length of 8 m) The effect and advantages of the development The dedicated grounding line of the standard transformer stage is developed successfully on March 11, 2014.Figure 4 is the cross-sectional view of the dedicated grounding line used on the standard transformer stage and figure 5 is the dedicated grounding line of the standard transformer stage. From the figure 4 and figure 5, special grounding line adopts three layer hollow round copper mesh structure, compare with the same length, same cross-sectional with the conventional

Biodegradability , are known as biological degradation degree of biodegradable organic pollutants by microorganisms. Organic biodegradability can be divided into aerobic biodegradability and anaerobic biodegradability. At present, evaluation methods for biological degradation degree include aerobic biodegradability method of relative oxygen consumption or rate method, integrated test evaluation method and water quality index evaluation; evaluation anaerobic biodegradability include CH4 gas production method, CO2 gas production method, gas production method and COD synthesis method. In this paper the aerobic biodegradability and anaerobic biodegradability evaluation method are commended, and appraise biodegradability methods for next research.

Existing process for a detergent factory of de-mineralized water system was as the main research object. According to its water quality characteristics and the investigation for original desalting process, desalting process design was made. Then test experiment was proceeded at 1.2m 3 /h scale, and the system was divided into three subsystems: Pretreatment, Reverse osmosis desalting system and Electrodeionization treatment system. And stability of new craft was investigated at pilot scale, Results showed that in this craft, SID of ultra filtration effluent was less than 2, desalting ground water completely served as boiler water, and Electrodeionization meet the requirement for processes pure water after secondary treatment. But Electrodeionization effluent quality deteriorated occasionally, so Sodium hydroxide was added by metering pump before cartridge filter or was added into middle tank.

De-farming slope farmland has been an effective measure in recent years to improve environment and prevent soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau. There are different views about the defarming method, and also various de-farming patterns have been put into practice. This paper takes the Yangou Watershed in Shaanxi Province of China as a case for studying the comprehensive benefits of transforming slope farmland to terraces. Based on the day-by-day meteorological data of the Yan'an station in 2005 and the data of terrain features, soil and land use data of the Yangou Watershed, the impact of transforming slope farmland on terraces were simulated and analyzed in aspects of yield increase and water-soil conservation under different topographic conditions with the aid of software WINYIELD. Furthermore, an empirical analysis was applied to study the effects of transforming slope farmland to terraces in the Yangou Watershed. The results show that: (1) The bigger the topographic gradient is, the more remarkable benefits it has in yield increase and water-soil conservation. (2) Farmland with slope below 5A degrees could be retained, but farmland with slope above 15A degrees should be converted to forest or grassland as soon as possible. (3) Transforming slope farmland to terraces has the same remarkable effects as the current policy of "Relieving and de-farming" in improving agricultural production conditions, safeguarding food security, raising permanent vegetation coverage rate, and preventing soil and water loss. Besides, it is more cost-effective than the policy of "Relieving and de-farming". It's strongly suggested that the policy of transforming slope farmland to terraces be carried out on the Loess Plateau without delay.

Optical single backscattering spectroscopy can be used for sizing spherical particles suspended in water,but the accuracy for sizing sub-micron particles cannot be satisfied.To improve the accuracy,the backscattering coefficients between 300~400 nm spectral region is applied to the determination of diameter of calibrated spherical latex polystyrene particles.Through Mie calculations,fast Fourier transform(FFT) and linear regression,the diameters of particles covering the range between 0.25 μm and 1 μm for monomodal particles are determined.The linear regression average error is ±0.02 μm,which is reduced in more than an order of magnitude compared to the data given by the preference.The method can also be applied to bimodal samples.

This paper studies a miniature low power consumption laser-pumped atom vapour cell clock scheme. Pumping (87)Rb with a vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode pump and locking the laser frequency on a Doppler-broadened spectral line, it records a 5x 10(-11)tau(-1/2) (tau < 500 s) frequency stability with a table-top system in a primary experiment. The study reveals that the evaluated scheme is at the level of 2.7 watts power consumption, go cm(3) volume and 10(-12)tau(-1/2) short-term frequency stability.

A group of scientists conducted a comprehensive investigation on ecological safety and water and soil erosion in the Northwest Loess Plateau, Northwest China. The data gathered was analyzed in terms of achievement, existing problems, and strategy and measures on vegetation restoration in the area. Since the policies of conversion from cropland to forest (CCF) and forbid grazing and cutting (FGC) were carried out, vegetation quality and coverage rate increased quickly in the Loess Plateau area, strengthening the concept of eco-environment protection. Environment harness measurements were optimized. The multiform investments on eco-environment and urbanization development in China will benefit vegetation restoration. However, there have been some persisting problems, such as the shortage of investment, instability of government policy, expectation of extravagant economic benefit, larger rate of plantation, and scarce technologies supporting vegetation restoration. Many key theories and practice problems require an urgent resolution. In the future, short-, mid-, and long-term goals for vegetation restoration should be clear, achievement should be expanded, and the natural restoration area should be increased. The benefit for the contractor on vegetation restoration should be ensured. Investment on vegetation building research work should be increased.

Vegetation restoration is a key measure to improve the eco-environment in Loess Plateau, China. In order to find the effect of soil microbial biomass under different vegetation restoration models in this region, six trial sites located in Zhifanggou watershed were selected in this study. Results showed that soil microbial biomass, microbial respiration and physical and chemical properties increased apparently. After 30 years of vegetation restoration, soil microbial biomass C, N, P (SMBC, SMBN, SMBP) and microbial respiration, increased by 109.01%–144.22%, 34.17%–117.09%, 31.79%–79.94% and 26.78%–87.59% respectively, as compared with the farmland. However, metabolic quotient declined dramatically by 57.45%–77.49%. Effects of different models of vegetation restoration are different on improving the properties of soil. In general, mixed stands of Pinus tabulaeformis-Amorpha fruticosa and Robinia pseudoacacia-A. fruticosa had the most remarkable effect, followed by R. pseudoacacia and Caragana korshinkii, fallow land and P. tabulaeformis was the lowest. Restoration of mixed forest had greater effective than pure forest in eroded Hilly Loess Plateau. The significant relationships were observed among SMBC, SMBP, microbial respiration, and physical and chemical properties of soil. It was concluded that microbial biomass can be used as indicators of soil quality.

The growth and water metabolism of three common shrubs on the Loess Plateau were studied under soil with different water contents. Results showed that water consumption of those species decreased with the increase in drought stress, and water consumptions of these shrubs were different: Forsythia suspensa was the greatest, and Syringa oblata was the lowest. The growth rate of new branches and leaf area of three species were the fastest under adequate soil water conditions, and were the lowest under severe drought. Under the same water conditions, the growth of F. suspensa was the fastest while that of S. oblata was the slowest. The water content, proline and chlorophyll content of different species changed with the increase in soil water stress. The leaf water content of Periploca sepium and F. suspensa was obviously higher than that of S. oblata, while the leaf proline content of F. suspensa and S. oblata was lower than that of P. sepium. The ratio leaf chlorophyll a: b of F. suspensa and S. oblata decreased with the decrease in soil water content. Although these three shrubs had different mechanisms in response to drought stress, they all had higher drought resistance and could adapt to the drought condition on the Loess Plateau. This paper provided some bases for choosing tree species on the Loess Plateau.

We propose and experimentally investigate a coherent population trapping state based magnetometer prototype with Rb-87 atoms. Through modulating Zeeman sublevels with an ac magnetic field, not only a phase sensitive detection scheme suitable for miniature magnetometer is realized, but also the detection resolution of magnetic held intensity could be improved by a factor of two. Our study result indicates that it is a promising low power consumption miniature sensitive low magnetic field sensor offering spatially resolved measurement at the sub-millimetre level.

We present a Cs atomic magnetometer with a sensitivity of 150 fT/Hz(1/2) operating near room temperature. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal of 125 mu L tap water was detected at an ultralow magnetic field down to 47 nT, with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the NMR signal approaching 50 after eight averages. Relaxivity experiments with a Gd(DTPA) contrast agent in zero field were performed, in order to show the magnetometer's ability to measure spin-lattice relaxation time with high accuracy. This demonstrates the feasibility of an ultralow field NMR spectrometer based on a Cs atomic magnetometer, which has a low working temperature, short data acquisition time and high sensitivity. This kind of NMR spectrometer has great potential in applications such as chemical analysis and magnetic relaxometry detection in ultralow or zero fields. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

In recent decades, the incidence and prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) have increased and this has become a major threat to human health. Pre-diabetes is a period between normal glucose homeostasis and diabetes, and includes impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Intervention in pre- diabetes is a critical therapy in order to prevent T2DM. Recently, many clinicians have begun to focus on this stage of pre-diabetes. Intervention in pre-diabetes is in line with the idea of "prevention of disease" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which refers to carrying out minor active therapies to reverse the progress of a disease. Hence, the ancient concept of "prevention of disease" in TCM could be used in the modern therapy of T2DM. More specifically, an early diagnosis should be made using modern medical methods and treatment should be started at once with modern therapeutic methods as well as complimentary therapy, such as TCM.

The paper describes grounding wire of transformer core becomes flexible, leads to the core produce suspended potential, results in discharge, the discharge current is generated power loss in the ground copper and the ground lead of the core, and causes transformer oil chromatographic analysis data anomalies. Put forward when the total hydrocarbons increases but not “out of limits”, the searching method for fault reasons, steps and precautions, noting that the external ground wire of transformer core is loosing also belongs to the category of the core faults.

To secure adequate food supply is the major challenge for humanity in the 21st century. Growing world population and its urbanization put pressure on this basic need, which is further threatened by the constant loss of fertile land. The assessment of sustainability of food supply under increasing pressure on land resources has been selected as one of the most important priority topics of the activities of Sino-EU Panel on Land and Soil (SEPLS). The Panel has performed a number of related researches and discussed the results on a scientific seminar in January 2012 in Nanjing, China. This report is an output of this seminar with a summary of the structured discussions on the below issues. 1. Urban and peri-urban development (soil sealing and loss of land functions) Urbanization and the linked spread of infrastructural development mean sealing of soil surfaces. Soil sealing is the most rapidly growing limitation for soil functions (including biomass production function) both in China and Europe. Soil sealing in China has been taking dramatic degree in the last two decades and the process is estimated to continue in the coming period as well. While urban and peri-urban development is looked as a necessity for social development, its negative effect on natural resources are inevitable. 2. Land degradation Despite the widely recognized importance of land degradation in the unsustainability of economic development and implementation of various policies to halt degradation (e.g. green for grain programme in China; cross-compliance measures in the EU), loss of land productivity by degradation is an ongoing process both in China and the EU. Major forms of soil degradation (erosion, desertification, landslides etc.) are similar in both regions. Assessment of the causes and consequences of soil degradation processes in relation to policy actions is highlighted among the priorities of the SEPLS. 3. Intensive agriculture and multi-function management of land resources Intensification and extensification in agriculture can be considered as the main changes in land use in rural areas in both EU and China. While agricultural intensification is one of the greatest threats to the soil and environment and then hampers the sustainable development of agriculture and food security. To meet this challenge, sustainable management of multi-functionality of land resources is undoubtedly an effective strategy, in which the EU has a good expertise. Bilateral exchange of the experience and knowledge benefits the sustainable management of land resources., JRC.H.5-Land Resources Management

We describe a new measurement suitable for processing dynamic light scattering data of nanoparticles in dispersion. The program by the Power Spectrum Density of the scattering light developed in VC++6.0 using a standard photon counting unit, a fast counting board and a PC is presented. The pulses from PMT are counted by Counting Board at a designed sample time. Then the Power Spectrum Density is calculated and the particles’ size is deduced with characteristic decay constant. The method is systematically tested using small polystyrene latex particles with a wide range of particle concentrations as well as different diameters in suspension.

Coherent population trapping (CPT) atomic clocks are prevailingly realized by exciting CPT resonance with circularly polarized bichromatic coherent light (σ+-σ+ scheme), while atom utilization efficiency is relatively low in the scheme. For improving efficiency, we experimentally study the scheme of realizing CPT resonance through the interaction between atoms and parallel linearly polarized bichromatic coherent light field (lin//lin scheme). In the same experimental conditions the experimental results show that the signal-noise ratio of the CPT resonance signal is twice, and the differential slope is 1.65 time higher than those of σ+-σ+ scheme. The experimental results reveal that the scheme is an ideal candidate for low power consuming atomic clock and magnetometer.

Demantoid is a rare gem mineral. The Xinjiang Cr-bearing demantoid reported in this paper has been discovered for the first time in China. It contains more than 90% end-member molecule of andradite, close to the pure end-member composition, as revealed by chemical analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, Mossbauer spectrometry and both infrared and optical absorption spectrometry. The Fe2+ content lies beyond the detection limit of Mossbauer spectrometry. It was found that the green color of demantoid is directly related geological occurrence and mineral association the genesis of demantoid is inferred as follows. In ultramafic to Fe3+ in the octahedral site and that the presence of Cr3+ greatly enhances its inferred as follows. In ultramafic rocks olivine and pyroxene were replaced by serpentine under the reaction of residual volatiles, creating an Fe-rich and Al-poor environment. In such an environment late-stage hydrothermal metasomatism was developed along the fissures of serpentine, resulting in the crystallization and precipitation of demantoid in asbestos veins. On the other hand, local tectonic compression and dislocation gave rise to the formation of demantoid aggregates cemented by serpentine asbestos. Evidence has shown that the trace Cr was derived from chromite and Cr-spinel in the ultramafic rock bodies.

Reported in this paper are the results of geological and fluid inclusion studies of gem-grade tourmaline in pegmatite veins from Altay, Xinjiang. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in the tourmaline range from 230° to 350°C with a salinity of 0.2−4.5 NaCl% equiv. The composition of fluids corresponds to the NaCl-CaCl2-H2O system in terms of the measurements of first melting temperature of fluid inclusions. By comparing the homogenization temperatures of different color zones in the gem tourmaline, it is suggested that it has undergone an intermittent growth process. Careful observation of the section parallel to thec axis of greenish blue tourmaline provides evidence of the occurrence of cat-eye tourmaline similar to that found in Brazil and other parts of the world. Attention should be paid to such kind of tourmaline as viewed from its economic importance.