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Despite evidence showing the benefits of palliative care in patients with Parkinson’s disease, there is a lack of consensus on when, how, and why patients with parkinson’s disease should be referred for palliative care. This manuscript summarizes and evaluates the criteria taken into account when making a palliative care referral for patients with Parkinson’s disease. We identified 925 publications. However, only 36 publications were included in the final analysis. Furthermore, we identified 14 themes that were categorized into disease- and needs-based criteria. This systematic review emphasizes the wide range of referral timing and procedures. Moreover, there is a need for more research to reveal standardized referral criteria.

Advance care planning (ACP) might assist older cancer patients in expressing their goals, values, and care preferences; yet, the ACP uptake rates in this group are low. The goal of this study is to discover factors that influence ACP uptake in older cancer adults and to construct a model that integrates these factors.Using Arksey and O' Malley's methodology, we systematically searched seven electronic databases of ACP literature in older cancer adults from inception to March 2022. To identify factors linked to ACP uptake in elderly cancer patients, researchers used a pre-piloted extraction form. There were two phases to the thematic analysis of the labeled factors. First, factors were grouped into one of three categories using a directed content analysis approach: patient context, provider context, or mechanism. Second, we took both a deductive and inductive thematic approach to identifying and coding contributing factors in each category to identify themes and subthemes. Deductive coding was undertaken using the Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization. Finally, results were visualized into a conceptual model.In the including 37 articles, 131 factors were extracted. Thematic analysis of patient context factors (n = 72) showed that ACP uptake in older cancer adults is associated with predisposing characteristics, enabling resources and need. Factors attributed to provider context (n = 28) concerned predisposing characteristics and enabling resources. Mechanism factors (n = 31) are related to perceived value and patient trust, and the C-ACP uptake model was created.ACP uptake in older cancer patients is commonly influenced by patient-provider-related contextual factors, and highlights the fact that ACP uptake is more likely to be mediated through both perceived value and patient trust. This review serves as a resource for providers exploring ACP implementation options in older cancer adults.

The calcium-sensing receptor (CAS), as a chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein, is involved in the process of external Ca

Minimum hydraulic retention time needs to be considered to avoid methanogenesis inhibition for complex substrates in anaerobic membrane bioreactor for low-strength wastewater treatment.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the hotspots for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the environment. Nevertheless, a comprehensive assessment of the city-level and short-term daily variations of ARG surveillance is still lacking in WWTPs. Here, 285 ARGs and ten mobile gene elements (MGEs) were monitored in seven WWTPs in Xiamen via high-throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR) for seven days. The average daily load of ARGs to WWTPs was about 1.21 × 1020copies/d, and a total of 1.44 × 1018copies/d was discharged to the environment across the entire city. Interestingly, no daily variations were observed in ARG richness, abundance, and community composition. Stochastic processes were the main force determining the assembly of ARG communities, with their relative importance ranked in the order of influent (INF) > effluent (EFF) > activated sludge (AS). Further analyses indicated that bacteria and ARGs from upstream treatment units played an increasingly dominant role in shaping ARG communities in AS and EFF, respectively, suggesting the importance of mass-immigration of bacteria and ARGs from the source on ARG transport in wastewater treatment units. This emphasizes the need to revise the way we mitigate ARG contamination but focus on the source of ARGs in urban wastewater.

Background Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapid and severe soft tissue infection that targets subcutaneous fat tissue, muscle, and fascia. This study compares the clinical outcomes of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) versus conventional dressing on necrotizing fasciitis. Methods We systematically searched Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed for clinical trials (published between January 1, 1995 and September 30, 2021), which compared VAC with conventional dressing for necrotizing fasciitis. The mortality rate of necrotizing fasciitis was the primary outcome of this study. The number of debridements, the total length of hospital stay, and the complication rate were secondary outcomes. A random effects model assessed all pooled data. Results A total of 230 identified studies and seven controlled clinical trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in this analysis (n = 249 participants). Compared to the conventional dressing, patients treated with VAC had a significantly lower mortality rate [OR = 0.27, 95% CI (0.09, 0.87)] (P = 0.03). Total length of hospital stays [MD = 8.46, 95% CI (− 0.53, 17.45)] (P = 0.07), number of debridements [MD = 0.86, 95% CI (− 0.58, 2.30)] (P = 0.24), and complication rate [OR = 0.64, 95% CI (0.07, 5.94)] (P = 0.69) were not significant. These results did not show significant differences between both groups treated with VAC or conventional treatment. Conclusion VAC could significantly decrease the death rate compared to conventional dressing. No significant impacts were found on the number of debridements, the total length of hospital stay, and the complication rate in this study. Level of evidence Level-III. Registration Research Registry (reviewregistry1246).

Soil erosion features and ideal tillage practices are not very clear at the crop seedling stage in Chinese Mollisols. Simulated rainfall experiments were conducted at the rainfall intensities of 50 and 100 mm h-1 to investigate the differences in soil erosion of a 5° hillslope during the maize seedling stage between conservation and conventional tillage measures, including cornstalk mulching (Cm), horizontal ridging (Hr), horizontal ridging + mulching (Hr+Cm), vertical ridging + mulching (Vr+Cm), flat-tillage (CK), and vertical ridging (Vr). The results demonstrated that crops could remit soil erosion at the seedling stage by reducing the kinetic energy and changing the distribution of raindrops. The conservation tillage measures significantly alleviated total runoff (11.7 %–100 %) and sediment yield (71.1 %–100 %), postponed runoff-yielding time (85 s–26.1 min), decreased runoff velocity (71.5 %–96.7 %), and reduced runoff and soil loss rate, compared to the conventional tillage measures. Practices with mulching showed better performance than Hr. Mulching reduced sediment concentration (~70.6 %–100 %) by decreasing runoff velocity and soil particle filtration in a manner similar to buffer strips. The contour ridge ruptured earlier at 100 mm h-1 than at 50 mm h-1 and changed the characteristics of the soil erosion by providing a larger sediment source to the surface flow. Runoff strength, rather than soil erodibility, was the key factor affecting soil erosion. Decreasing runoff velocity was more important than controlling runoff amount. The Hr + Cm treatment exhibited the lowest soil erosion and is, thus, is recommended for adoption at the corn seedling stage in sloping farmlands.

Parkinson’s disease patients (PwPD) rely heavily on their family caregivers. However, there remains uncertainty regarding the subjective experience of the family caregivers of PwPD. This study aims to provide an in-depth summary of the current knowledge about the subjective experiences of family caregivers caring for PwPD, to understand the factors that influence this experience and to provide the evidence for healthcare services. We conducted a systematic review and meta-ethnography using Noblit and Hare’s approach. The search strategy used MeSH terms in combination with free-text searching of 10 databases (from their inception until July 2021). Titles and abstracts were reviewed by two reviewers and, for the studies that met the eligibility criteria, full-text articles were obtained. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist was employed to assess the quality of studies. A total of 3318 studies were screened and 29 qualitative studies were included in this review. These studies recorded the experience of 399 participants across 12 countries, most were females. Five themes emerged: (a) feelings related to PD; (b) challenges to family life; (c) external challenges; (d) adjustment and adaptation; (e) external support. We propose a new conceptual model that highlights that the experiences of caregivers for PwPD are dynamic and influenced by a variety of internal and external factors. Our findings illustrate the complex and dynamic experiences of family caregivers for PwPD. It is necessary to explore how the influencing factors can be modified to improve the lived experience of family caregivers.

Hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channels (OSCA) are characterized as an osmosensor in plants; they are able to recognize and respond to exogenous and endogenous osmotic changes, and play a vital role in plant growth and adaptability to environmental stress. To explore the potential biological functions of OSCAs in maize, we performed a bioinformatics and expression analysis of the ZmOSCA gene family. Using bioinformatics methods, we identified twelve OSCA genes from the genome database of maize. According to their sequence composition and phylogenetic relationship, the maize OSCA family was classified into four groups (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ). Multiple sequence alignment analysis revealed a conserved DUF221 domain in these members. We modeled the calcium binding sites of four OSCA families using the autodocking technique. The expression profiles of ZmOSCA genes were analyzed in different tissues and under diverse abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, high temperature, and chilling using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We found that the expression of twelve ZmOSCA genes is variant in different tissues of maize. Furthermore, abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, high temperature, and chilling differentially induced the expression of twelve ZmOSCA genes. We chose ZmOSCA2.2 and ZmOSCA2.3, which responded most strongly to temperature stress, for prediction of protein interactions. We modeled the calcium binding sites of four OSCA families using autodocking tools, obtaining a number of new results. These results are helpful in understanding the function of the plant OSCA gene family for study of the molecular mechanism of plant osmotic stress and response, as well as exploration of the interaction between osmotic stress, high-temperature stress, and low-temperature stress signal transduction mechanisms. As such, they can provide a theoretical basis for crop breeding.

Hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channels (OSCA) are characterized as an osmosensor in plants; they are able to recognize and respond to exogenous and endogenous osmotic changes, and play a vital role in plant growth and adaptability to environmental stress. To explore the potential biological functions of OSCAs in maize, we performed a bioinformatics and expression analysis of the

Dissolved organic matter (DOM), known as a key to the aquatic carbon cycle, is influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. However, the compositional variation and these factors' effects on fluorescence DOM (FDOM) in urban rivers undergoing different anthropogenic pressure are poorly investigated. Herein, using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), four FDOM components (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were identified in a less urbanized north river (NR) and a more urbanized west river (WR) of Jiulong River Watershed in Fujian province, China. C1, C2, and C4 were related to humic-like substances (HLS) and C3 to protein-like substances (PLS). HLS (63.9% in WR and 36.4% in NR) and PLS (62.7% in WR and 37.3% in NR) exhibited higher fluorescence in the more urbanized river. We also found higher PLS in winter, but higher HLS in summer for both rivers. Although the coefficient of variation indicated a difference in FDOM components stability to some extent between the two rivers, the typhoon event that occurred in summer had a stronger disruptive impact on the CDOM and FDOM of a more urbanized river than that of a less urbanized river. We explore abiotic and biotic factors' effects on FDOM using the partial least squares path model (PLS-PM). PLS-PM results revealed higher significant influences of biotic factors on FDOM in the more urbanized river. This study enhances our understanding of FDOM dynamics of rivers with different anthropogenic pressure together with the abiotic and biotic factors driving them.

Microplastics could accumulate and enrich antibiotics in the aquatic environment. Despite this, the joint effects of microplastics and antibiotics on aquatic organisms are not clear. Here, we investigated the changes of microbial interactions in both gill and gut of marine medaka exposed to polystyrene microbeads (PS) and/or tetracycline for 30 days by using co-occurrence network analysis based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences. We found that the single and combined effects of PS and tetracycline were more profound on the gut than on the gill microbiome. SourceTracker analysis showed that the relative contributions from the gill microbiome to the gut microbiome increased under combined exposure. Moreover, the combined exposure reduced the complexity and stability of the gut microbial network more than those induced by any single exposure, suggesting the synergistic effects of PS and tetracycline on the gut microbiome. The PS and tetracycline combined exposure also caused a shift in the keystone taxa of the gut microbial network. However, no similar pattern was found for gill microbial networks. Furthermore, single and combined exposure to PS and/or tetracycline altered the associations between the gut network taxa and indicator liver metabolites. Altogether, these findings enhanced our understanding of the hazards of the co-occurring environmental microplastics and antibiotics to the fish commensal microbiome.

Toxic metal contamination has serious effects on human health. Crude oil that may contain toxic metals and oil spills can further contaminate the environment and lead to increased exposure. This being the case, we chose to study the bio-production of inexpensive, environmentally safe materials for remediation. Streptomyces sp. MOE6 is a Gram-positive, filamentous bacterium from soil that produces an extracellular polysaccharide (MOE6-EPS). A one-factor-at-a-time experiments showed that the maximum production of MOE6-EPS was achieved at 35 &deg, C, pH 6, after nine days of incubation with soluble starch and yeast extract as carbon sources and the latter as the nitrogen source. We demonstrated that MOE6-EPS has the capacity to remove toxic metals such as Co(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and U(VI) and from solution either by chelation and/or reduction. Additionally, the bacterium was found to produce siderophores, which contribute to the removal of metals, specifically Fe(III). Additionally, purified MOE6-EPS showed emulsifying activities against various hydrophobic substances, including olive oil, corn oil, benzene, toluene and engine oil. These results indicate that EPS from Streptomyces sp. MOE6 may be useful to sequester toxic metals and oil in contaminated environments.

Bacteria communities, as key drivers of energy flow and nutrient recycling in rivers, usually consist of a few abundant taxa and many rare taxa. During the last decades, rivers on the Tibetan Plateau have experienced dramatic land surface changes under climate change and anthropogenic disturbances. However, the responses of abundant and rare taxa to such changes and disturbances still remains unclear. In this study, we explored the biogeography and drivers of the abundant and rare bacteria in Yarlung Tsangpo River sediments on the Tibetan Plateau. Our study demonstrated that changes in surrounding land-use patterns, especially in forest land, bare land and cropland, had profound influences on the distribution of the abundant and rare sediment bacteria in the Yarlung Tsangpo River. Although both communities exhibited significant distance-decay patterns, dispersal limitation was the dominant process in the abundant community, while the rare community was mainly driven by heterogeneous selection. Our results also revealed that the abundant bacteria exhibited stronger adaptation across environmental gradients than the rare bacteria. The similar biogeographic patterns but contrasting assembly processes in abundant and rare communities may result from the differences in their environmental adaptation processes. This work provides valuable insights into the importance of land surface changes in influencing the biogeographic patterns of bacteria in fluvial sediments, which helps to predict their activities and patterns in Tibetan rivers under future global climate change and anthropogenic disturbances.

Despite the growing awareness of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) spreading in the environment, there is a knowledge gap on the fate and transport of ARGs in particle-attached (PA) and free-living (FL) lifestyles in deep freshwater ecosystems experiencing seasonal hydrological changes. Here, we examined the ARG profiles using high-throughput quantitative PCR in PA and FL lifestyles at four seasons representing two hydrological seasons (i.e., vertical mixing and thermal stratification) in the Shuikou Reservoir (SR), Southern China. The results indicated that seasonal hydrological dynamics were critical for influencing ARGs in PA and FL fractions, and the transition of ARGs between the two lifestyles. Although both PA and FL ARG profiles were likely to be shaped by horizontal gene transfer, PA and FL ARGs had different responses to the changes in physico-chemicals (e.g., nutrients and dissolved oxygen) caused by seasonal hydrological dynamics. The particle-associated niche (PAN) index revealed that there were 94 non-conservative ARGs (i.e., no preferences for PA and FL), 23 conservative ARGs that preferred PA lifestyle, and 16 conservative ARGs for FL lifestyle. A sharp decline in the number of conservative ARGs in stratified seasons suggests a hydrological dynamics-dependent transition of ARGs between two lifestyles. Remarkably, the conservative ARGs (in PA or FL lifestyle) were more closely related to bacterial OTUs in their preferred lifestyle compared to their counterpart lifestyle, suggesting a lifestyle-dependent ARG enrichment. Altogether, these findings enhance our understanding of the role of seasonal hydrological changes in the dissemination of ARGs in different size fractions in deep aquatic ecosystems.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a well-known environmental concern. Yet, limited knowledge exists on the fate and transport of ARGs in deep freshwater reservoirs experiencing seasonal hydrological changes, especially in the context of particle-attached (PA) and free-living (FL) lifestyles. Here, the ARG profiles were examined using high-throughput quantitative PCR in PA and FL lifestyles during four seasons representing two hydrological phenomena (vertical mixing and thermal stratification) in the Shuikou Reservoir (SR), Southern China. The results indicated that seasonal hydrological dynamics were critical for influencing the ARGs in PA and FL and the transition of ARGs between the two lifestyles. ARG profiles both in PA and FL were likely to be shaped by horizontal gene transfer. However, they exhibited distinct responses to the physicochemical (e.g., nutrients and dissolved oxygen) changes under seasonal hydrological dynamics. The particle-association niche (PAN) index revealed 94 non-conservative ARGs (i.e., no preferences for PA and FL) and 23 and 16 conservative ARGs preferring PA and FL lifestyles, respectively. A sharp decline in conservative ARGs under stratified hydrologic suggested seasonal influence on the ARGs transition between PA and FL lifestyles. Remarkably, the conservative ARGs (in PA or FL lifestyle) were more closely related to bacterial OTUs in their preferred lifestyle than their counterparts, indicating lifestyle-dependent ARG enrichment. Altogether, these findings enhanced our understanding of the ARG lifestyles and the role of seasonal hydrological changes in governing the ARG transition between the lifestyles in a typical deep freshwater ecosystem.

Antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant bacteria (ARB) are abundant in stormwater that could cause serious infections, posing a potential threat to public health. However, there is no inference about how stormwater contributes to ARG profiles as well as the dynamic interplay between ARGs and bacteria via vertical gene transfer (VGT) or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in urban water ecosystems. In this study, the distribution of ARGs, their host communities, and the source and community assembly process of ARGs were investigated in Yundang Lagoon (China) via high-throughput quantitative PCR, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and application of SourceTracker before, after and recovering from an extreme precipitation event (132.1 mm). The abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was the highest one day after precipitation and then decreased 2 days after precipitation and so on. Based on SourceTracker and NMDS analysis, the ARG and bacterial communities in lagoon surface water from one day after precipitation were mainly contributed by the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent. However, the contribution of WWTP to ARG communities was minor 11 days after the precipitation, suggesting that the storm promoted the ARG levels by introducing the input of ARGs, MGEs, and ARB from point and non-point sources, such as sewer overflow and land-applied manure. Based on a novel microbial network analysis framework, the contribution of positive biological interactions between ARGs and MGEs or bacteria was the highest one day after precipitation, indicating a promoted VGT and HGT for ARG dissemination. The microbial networks deconstructed 11 days after precipitation, suggesting the stormwater practices (e.g., tide gate opening, diversion channels, and pumping) alleviated the spread of ARGs. These results advanced our understanding of the distribution and transport of ARGs associated with their source in urban stormwater runoff.

Organo-seleno compounds (org-Se) have been widely used in antitumor, antiviral, and antiinflammatory therapy; antioxidation and other biological fields. As such, they have made an important contribution to overcoming various kinds of diseases, and researchers are increasingly attracted to org-Se's synthesis and functional design. This review is mainly focused on the design and synthesis of various kinds of org-Se, followed by their anticancer mechanisms such as the mitochondria mediated pathway induced by ROS, death receptor mediated pathways involving p53 phosphorylation, and the activation of the AMPK pathway to promote apoptosis. Org-Se also serves as a sensitizer in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and an antagonist against the cytotoxic effects induced by chemotherapeutic agents. Finally, we will summarize the development of cancer-targeted org-Se containing complexes, and nanotechnology-based org-Se for anticancer application. This review could provide information for the future design of chemically innovative org-Se with anticancer potential, and shed light on the discovery of nanomaterial-based pharmaceuticals to improve drug development and formation.

Background: Lung cancer has a high mortality rate and is resistant to multiple chemotherapeutics. Natural Borneol (NB) is a monoterpenoid compound that facilitates the bioavailability of drugs. In this study, we investigated the effects of NB on chemosensitivity in the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line and to elucidate therapeutic molecular target of NB. Methods: The chemosensitivity effects of NB in A549 cells were examined by MTT assay. The mechanism of NB action was evaluated using flow cytometry and Western blotting assays. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and LC-MS combined analysis (MS-SPRi) was performed to elucidate the candidate molecular target of NB. The chemosensitizing capacity of NB in vivo was assessed in nude mice bearing A549 tumors. Results: NB pretreatment sensitized A549 cells to low doxorubicin (DOX) dosage, leading to a 15.7% to 41.5% increase in apoptosis. This increase was correlated with ERK and AKT inactivation and activation of phospho-p38 MAPK, phospho-JNK, and phosphor-p53. Furthermore, this synergism depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. MS-SPRi analysis revealed that transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) is the candidate target of NB in potentiating DOX killing potency. Genetically, TRPM8 knock-down significantly suppresses the chemosensitizing effects of NB and inhibits ROS generation through restraining calcium mobilization. Moreover, pretreatment with NB synergistically enhances the anticancer effects of DOX to delay tumor progression in vivo. Conclusions: These results suggest that TRPM8 may be a valid therapeutic target in the potential application of NB, and show that NB is a chemosensitizer for lung cancer treatment.

Kinetic parameters affecting effluent water quality including half saturation constant (Ks), maximum specific growth rate (μmax), and specific affinity ([Formula: see text], defined as μmax/Ks) were investigated using three types of anaerobic sludge (raw anaerobic digestion sludge referred to as unacclimated sludge, unacclimated sludge after endogenous decay, and sludge acclimated to low-strength wastewater in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for 360 days). Long-term acclimation to low-strength wastewater resulted in sludge with high specific affinity (1.6 × 10-3 L/mg COD/day for acclimated sludge compared to 4.1 × 10-4 L/mg COD/day for unacclimated sludge). The μmax values for unacclimated sludge and acclimated sludge were 0.08 and 0.07 day-1, respectively. The Ks values for unacclimated sludge and acclimated sludge were 194 ± 81 mg COD/L and 45 ± 13 mg COD/L, respectively. Although the Ks of unacclimated sludge after endogenous decay increased to 772 ± 74 mg COD/L, μmax increased to 0.35 day-1 as well, resulting in no statistically significant difference of [Formula: see text] between the two types of unacclimated sludge. Overall, [Formula: see text] is a better indicator than μmax or Ks alone for determining effluent water quality, as effluent substrate concentration is approximately inversely proportional to the specific affinity. 16S rRNA sequencing data analysis indicated a high abundance (85.8% of total archaea) of Methanosaeta in the microbial community after long-term acclimation. High [Formula: see text] associated with the enrichment of Methanosaeta appears to ensure successful anaerobic treatment of low-strength wastewater.

To sustainably produce biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), this study investigated effects of process and metabolic limiting factors during bioconversion of acid whey (AW) to PHB, offering economic and environmental advantages for dairy industry. Recombinant Escherichia coli LSBJ was used to achieve high PHB yields by utilizing both lactose and lactic acid as carbon source. Up to 85% PHB accumulation was achieved during growth on the synthetic AW. Growth on raw AW had the highest PHB yield of 4 g/L and a high substrate utilization efficiency (95%). Notably, ratios of lactate: lactose and C/N impacted metabolic flux and PHB yields. Maintaining the fermentation pH enhanced PHB production. Furthermore, additives of inorganic nitrogen sources, minerals and trace metals promoted PHB production from AW. The study improves the understanding of factors affecting utilization of AW and demonstrated the high PHB yields using recombinant E. coli that could be leveraged to design a sustainable process.

Microeukaryotes play a significant role in biogeochemical cycling and can serve as bioindicators of water quality in freshwater ecosystems. However, there is a knowledge gap on how freshwater microeukaryotic communities are assembled, especially that how terrestrial microeukaryotes influence freshwater microeukaryotic assemblages. Here, we used a combination of 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and community-based microbial source tracking (MST) approaches (i.e., SourceTracker and FEAST) to assess the contribution of microeukaryotes from surrounding environments (i.e., soils, river sediments, swine wastewater, influents and effluents of decentralized wastewater treatment plants) to planktonic microeukaryotes in the main channel, tributaries and reservoir of a peri-urban watershed, China in wet and dry seasons. The results indicated that SAR (~ 49% of the total communities), Opithokonta (~ 34%), Archaeplastida (~ 9%), and Amoebozoa (~ 2%) were dominant taxa in the watershed. The community-based MST analysis revealed that sewage effluents (7.96 – 21.84%), influents (2.23 – 13.97%), and river sediments (2.56 – 11.71%) were the major exogenous sources of riverine microeukaryotes. At the spatial scale, the downstream of the watershed (i.e., main channel and tributaries) received higher proportions of exogenous microeukaryotic OTUs compared to the upstream reservoirs, while at the seasonal scale, the sewage effluents and influents contributed higher exogenous microeukaryotes to river water in wet season than in dry season. Moreover, the swine and domestic wastewater led to the presence of Apicomplexa in wet season only, implying rainfall runoff may enhance the spread of parasitic microeukaryotes. Taken together, our study provides novel insights into the immigration patterns of microeukaryotes and their dominant supergroups between terrestrial and riverine habitats.

Sewage and fecal pollution cause antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pollution in urban lagoons. Seasonality also affects ARG dynamics. However, knowledge of factors controlling ARG community assembly across seasons is still limited. Here, we revealed the seasonal variation of ARGs and depict the underlying assembly processes and drivers via high-throughput quantitative PCR in an urban lagoon, China. A higher richness and abundance of ARGs were observed in summer and winter compared to spring and fall (Kruskal-Wallis test, P 0.05). Both ARG and prokaryotic communities were mainly governed by stochastic processes, however, these processes drove ARGs and prokaryotes differently across seasons. Stochastic processes played a more dominant role in shaping ARG communities in summer (average stochasticity: 83%) and winter (75%), resulting in a stable antibiotic resistome. However, no such seasonal pattern of stochastic processes was determined for prokaryotes, indicating a decoupling of the assembly process of ARGs and prokaryotes. Moreover, fecal microorganisms (e.g., Bacteroidetes and Faecalibacterium) mediated the stochastic processes of ARG profiles, via enhancement of prokaryotic biomass and mobile genetic element abundances. The tnpA-07 transposase was the key for the horizontal gene transfer. These findings will enhance our understanding of how fecal pollution shapes ARG community assembly in urban lagoons.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses are an attractive means of improving the efficiency of soil phosphorus (P) that difficult to be used by plants and may provide a sustainable way of maintaining high yields while reducing P applications. However, quantifying the contribution of indigenous AM fungi on phosphorus uptake and yields of maize (Zea mays L.) under field conditions is not particularly clear. Mesh-barrier compartments were applied to monitor the distribution of hyphal P uptake throughout the experimental period under different planting densities and soil depths, over two consecutive years. AM symbioses enhanced plant P-acquisition efficiency, especially during the silking stage, and hyphae of AM fungi was assessed to contribution 19.4% at most to total available P content of soil. Moreover, the pattern of AM depletion of soil P generally matched shoot nutrient demand under the high planting density, which resulted in significantly increased yield in 2014. Although the hyphal length density was significantly decreased with soil depth, AM fungi still had high potential for P supply in deeper soil. It demonstrates the great potential of indigenous AM fungi to maize productivity in the high-yield area of China, and it would further provide the possibility of elimination P fertilizer applications to maintain high yields.

The effective design of metal complexes to manipulate their lipid-water distribution coefficient is an appealing strategy for improving their cellular penetration and treatment efficacy. Here, we conveniently synthesized three iridium (Ir) complexes with red fluorescence via the simple non-conjugate modification of the side arm of the ligand. Bio-evaluation revealed that upon adding non-conjugate selenium (Se) arene derivatives, the lipid-water distribution coefficient of Ir-Se was found to be suitable, not only decreasing the toxic side effects of complexes to normal cells, but also effectively improving their anticancer activity via enhancing their penetration into tumor cells. Moreover, mechanistic investigations demonstrated that Ir-Se entered R-HeLa cells through endocytosis, and triggered apoptosis via the down-regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and excessive production of singlet oxygen, thereby possessing a highly effective cytotoxicity to antagonize cisplatin resistance. Therefore, we developed a convenient strategy to derive functional metal complexes and revealed that the introduction of Se on the side arm of the ligand provided the complexes with the capacity to reverse multidrug resistance.

Estuaries, being the transitional zones between freshwater and marine environments, are important for protecting and rehabilitating the aquatic environments. Sediments from freshwater and marine environments were studied in Jiulong River Estuary (JRE) in different years for rare earth elements (REEs) and some environmentally important metal and metalloid elements (MMEs). The concentration of REEs ranged from 0.11 (Tm) to 296.20 mg kg&minus, 1 (Ce), while that of MMEs ranged from 0.40 (Cd) to 86,000 mg kg&minus, 1 (Al). The temporal analysis indicated an increase of both REEs and MMEs contaminants from 2012 to 2018. Fractionation of REEs and Ce and Eu anomalies indicated natural weathering, erosion processes and changes in redox chemistry at the sampling sites. Spatial structure analysis showed relatively higher levels of both REEs and MMEs in the freshwater sediments. These variations among the sampling sites indicated different land use and anthropogenic activities. The values of enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated anthropogenic sources of accumulation, while, ecological risk assessment (Eix) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) indicated potential hazards for biota due to the accumulation of Pb, Zn and As elements.

Maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and substrate saturation constant (Ks) are widely used in determining the growth of microorganisms. The ratio (μmax/Ks), also referred to as specific affinity, aA0, is a better parameter to assess the advantage in competition for substrates by bridging microbial growth and the kinetics of enzymatic substrate uptake, but is not well studied. This study investigated the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the aA0 of anaerobic sludge from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), associated microbial communities and the overall wastewater treatment performance. The AnMBR was fed with acetate wastewater (~500 mg COD/L) and operated at fixed solids retention time (45 d) while HRT continued to decrease. There was no significant difference in Ks (ranging from 170 to 243 mg COD/L) at different HRTs. However, aA0 increased from (4.0 ± 0.2) × 10−4 to (4.9 ± 0.2) × 10−4 and to (6.5 ± 0.1) × 10−4 L/mg COD/d as HRT decreased from 24 h to 12 h and further to 6 h, respectively. This was accompanied by the increase in acetoclastic methanogens (mainly Methanosaeta) from 3.85 × 1010, 8.82 × 1010 to 1.05 × 1011 cells/L, respectively. The fraction of Methanosaeta in the anaerobic biomass increased from 33.67% to 61.08% as HRT decreased from 24 h to 6 h. Correspondingly, effluent quality was improved, as evidenced from the COD concentrations of 32 ± 6, 21 ± 4, and 13 ± 5 mg/L at the HRTs of 24 h, 12 h, and 6 h, respectively. The results confirm that microorganisms are able to adapt to growth conditions by adjusting their kinetic properties and suggest that short HRTs in the AnMBR favor the growth and accumulation of Methanosaeta with high specific affinity likely because they can compete for acetate at low concentrations by increasing substrate uptake rate and thus specific microbial growth rate.

Summary Although the health of rivers is threatened by multiple anthropogenic stressors with increasing frequency, it remains an open question how riverine microbial communities respond to emerging micropollutants. Here, by using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing of 60 water samples collected during different hydrological seasons, we investigated the spatio-temporal variation and the co-occurrence patterns of microbial communities in the anthropogenically impacted Jiulong River in China. The results indicated that the riverine microbial co-occurrence network had a non-random, modular structure, which was mainly shaped by the taxonomic relatedness of co-occurring species. Fecal indicator bacteria may survive for prolonged periods of time in river water, but they formed an independent module which had fewer interactions with typical freshwater bacteria. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that nutrients and micropollutants (i.e. pharmaceuticals and personal care products, PPCPs) exerted combined effects in shaping α- and β-diversity of riverine microbial communities. Remarkably, we showed that a hitherto unrecognized disruptive effect of PPCPs on the abundance variations of central species and module communities was stronger than the influence of physico-chemical factors, suggesting the key role played by micropollutants for the microbial co-occurrence relationships in lotic ecosystems. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into community assembly in aquatic environments experiencing anthropogenic stresses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

This paper is concerned with the stability analysis of discrete-time neural networks with leakage and time-varying delays. By a novel summation inequality, the technique of reciprocally convex combination and triple Lyapunov–Krasovskii terms, the various cases of time-delay are discussed in detail and improved criteria are established to ensure the delay-dependent stability of discrete-time neural networks. Finally, three examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

A coaxial nonthermal plasma (NTP) reactor was used for the removal of nitric oxide in mist. The effects of discharge gap, thorn number, tooth slice number as well as discharge polarity on NO oxidation and NOx removal were investigated. Decreasing the discharge gap is favorable for the NO oxidation and NOx removal. The mist is almost captured completely even under a relative low input energy. Increasing the thorn number of discharge slice or tooth slice number facilitates the energy input in the plasma reactor and thus enhances the NO oxidation and NOx removal under a fixed applied voltage. The energy efficiency for the positive DC (4.5 g NO/kWh) is three times as much as that for the negative DC (1.5 g NO/kWh), corresponding to NO oxidation efficiency of around 80%.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) rely mainly on the microbial assemblages to contribute significantly for the removal of organic pollutants and nutrients. However, limited information is available on the ecological driving forces underlying the turnover of prokaryotic communities across wastewater treatment processes (i.e., from influents (IFs) and effluents (EFs)) within WWTPs. Here, we used a combination of the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and a quantitative ecological null model analysis to explore the ecological processes governing the turnover of the prokaryotic communities and the dominant taxonomic taxa across wastewater treatment processes of five full-scale WWTPs in China. Our results indicated that a significant variation in the composition of prokaryotic communities and the dominant taxa between IFs and EFs. The analysis of the environmental sources of indicator OTUs showed that a relatively lower abundance of the sludge/sewage and human guts associated OTUs in EFs than in IFs. Ecological null models revealed that among the ecological processes, deterministic processes were dominant in controlling the turnover of the overall communities from IFs to EFs, whereas the relative importance of deterministic processes varied among the dominant taxa (i.e., Bacteroidetes > Proteobacteria > Gammaproteobacteria > Firmicutes > Betaproteobacteria). However, the assembly of IF and EF communities was influenced mainly by the deterministic and stochastic processes, respectively. In addition, our results indicated that EF communities have a higher phylogenetic diversity than those of the IF communities, but the abundance of prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes was lower in EFs than in IFs. Overall, our study provides a novel insight of the assembly mechanisms underlying the turnover of prokaryotic communities during wastewater treatment processes.

Limited information is currently available on the assembly processes (deterministic vs. stochastic) shaping the compositions of key microbial communities in activated sludge (AS). The relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes for key bacterial and archaeal assemblages (i.e., core-satellite and habitat generalist-specialist) in AS from 13 wastewater treatment plants in China was investigated using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. The results obtained indicated 1, 388 and 369 core operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 1, 038 and 1, 683 satellite OTUs, 255 and 48 habitat generalist OTUs, and 192 and 111 habitat specialist OTUs for Bacteria and Archaea, respectively. The proportions of shared OTUs between core and habitat specialist communities were similar to or higher than those between core and habitat generalist communities, suggesting a stronger inter-linkage between the former two groups. Deterministic processes, indicated by abundance-based β-null models, were responsible for shaping core communities, in which NH4-N, OrgC/OrgN, Cr, and Ni were the main controlling factors. In contrast, satellite communities were predominantly influenced by stochastic processes. Moreover, we found that deterministic and stochastic processes were mainly responsible for shaping the assembly of habitat specialists and generalists, respectively. However, the influence of deterministic factors on habitat specialists remains unclear. The present study provides novel insights into the assembly mechanisms of AS microbial communities.

International audience; The equiaxed dendritic growth of Al-Cu alloys in nearly isothermal temperature field under continuous cooling condition is studied using in situ and real-time observation of experiments by synchrotron X-ray radiography and large-scale quantitative two-dimensional (2D) phase-field (PF) simulations. It is revealed that the equiaxed dendritic morphology and the secondary dendritic arm spacing (SDAS) in the 2D PF simulations are in a reasonable agreement with the experimental data. Increasing the cooling rates results in a smaller SDAS, as predicted by the analytical Kattamis-Flemings model. The transformation kinetics of solid fraction can be described by the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kologoromov (JMAK) theory, but quantitative differences between the experiments and 2D PF simulations are significant. The maximum solute concentration Cmax in liquid is approximately equal to the equilibrium concentration, which depends on the undercooling rather than the cooling rate. But the minimum solute concentration Cmin in solid decreases with the cooling rate, thus leading to a larger segregation ratio SR = Cmax/Cmin. Moreover, the liquid gravity-driven natural convection is considered in simulations. The liquid flow slightly increases the SDAS but has no apparent effect on solid fraction, and the segregation ratio is slightly reduced by the liquid convection, which could be attributed to the almost same Cmax and enlarged Cmin.

To explore cheap, easily available and high adsorption performance bioadsorbent is still an important task for azo dye pollution control. In this study, the Methyl orange (MO) adsorption capacity by a novel bioadsorbent obtained from lychee and longan pericarps via simple modification was investigated. Prepared pericarps were modified by PEI at 30˚C and 65˚C, which improved the adsorption performance confirmed by batch adsorption experiments. The characteration of modified pericarps by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and zeta potential indicated that the enhanced adsorption performance may be due to the abundant amines and imines and stronger electropositivity. The maximum adsorption capacity (349.37 mg/g) was observed for LC@PEI-65 at 45˚C and pH 4. Freundlich isotherm model fitted pretty well with the isotherm experiment data, and the isotherm experimental data were preferably described by pseudo-second order model indicating the chemical adsorption process, and the intra-particle diffusion also involved in the adsorption process. Characterization and adsorption tests suggested electrostatic interaction played a key role in MO removal, accompanied by intermolecular hydrogen bond, π-π dispersion interaction and pore filling collectively. The present study show that the cost-effective PEI modified pericarps could possess a hopeful application for azo dye removal from wastewater.

Although wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as important collection points and environmental sources for now omnipresent waste in waterways, the contribution of landfills of microplastics (MPs) to environmental pollution has been overlooked. Due to high complexity and large quantity of contaminants in WWTPs and landfills, MPs discharged from these sites may pose greater risks to human and animal health through adsorbed small molecules or microbial biofilms. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current knowledge about the composition and life cycle of MPs in both WWTPs and landfills. We also discuss technologies that could be implemented in WWTPs or landfill leachate treatment facilities to capture MPs and potentially upcycle the polymers to value-added products. Likewise, we examine the challenges of implementing the different technologies given current practices and infrastructure. Finally, we highlight the areas where additional investigation is needed to devise comprehensive strategies for ameliorating the ubiquitous issue of plastic wastes in waterways: (1) the fragmentation process of plastic debris in landfills and occurrence of MPs in leachate; (2) the relationship among complex chemicals, biofilms and MPs, and their effects on wastewater treatment facilities’ performance; (3) the development of hybrid processes that leverage current wastewater treatment infrastructure for effective degrading or upcycling MPs and/or nanoplastics.

The occurrence, dissemination and assembly processes of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban water ecosystems are far from being understood. Here, we examined the diversity and abundance of ARGs in urban water ecosystems including landscape ponds, drinking water reservoirs, influents (IFs) and effluents (EFs) of wastewater treatment plants of a coastal city, China through high-throughput quantitative PCR. A total of 237 ARGs were identified, where multidrug, aminoglycoside and beta-lactamase resistance genes were the most abundant. Urban ponds had a comparatively high diversity and large numbers of shared ARGs with IFs and EFs. The average absolute abundance of ARGs (1.38 × 107 copies/mL) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (4.19 × 106 copies/mL) in ponds were only one order of magnitude lower than those of IFs, but higher than those of EFs and reservoirs. Stochastic processes dominated the ARG community assembly in IFs and ponds due to the random horizontal gene transfer caused by MGEs. These results imply that urban ponds are hotspots of ARGs. We further identified 25, 3, and 11 indicator ARGs for tracing the ARG contamination from IFs, EFs and ponds, respectively. Our study represents the first to highlight the role of urban ponds in the dissemination of ARGs.

Polystyrene (PS) is one of the main polymer types of plastic wastes and is known to be resistant to biodegradation, resulting in PS waste persistence in the environment. Although previous studies have reported that some microorganisms can degrade PS, enzymes and mechanisms of microorganism PS biodegradation are still unknown. In this study, we summarized microbial species that have been identified to degrade PS. By screening the available genome information of microorganisms that have been reported to degrade PS for enzymes with functional potential to depolymerize PS, we predicted target PS-degrading enzymes. We found that cytochrome P4500s, alkane hydroxylases and monooxygenases ranked as the top potential enzyme classes that can degrade PS since they can break C–C bonds. Ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases may be able to break the side-chain of PS and oxidize the aromatic ring compounds generated from the decomposition of PS. These target enzymes were distributed in Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, suggesting a broad potential for PS biodegradation in various earth environments and microbiomes. Our results provide insight into the enzymatic degradation of PS and suggestions for realizing the biodegradation of this recalcitrant plastic.

Heavy metal(loid)s and organic pollutants have garnered global concern due to their potential for bioaccumulation and carcinogenic effects. The aquatic environment is one of the most important receiving compartments for these pollutants. Therefore, researchers are committed to developing inexpensive and highly efficient technologies for the removal of these recalcitrant contaminants from water. Zero-valent iron (ZVI), which has a strong reduction ability, low cost and can be recycled, has been considered as an environmentally benign element for removal of heavy metal(loid)s and organic chlorinated pollutants. However, some factors limit the ZVI application, with passivation of ZVI considered as the main limitation. Recent research has focused on methods to eliminate or alleviate these interferences and maximize ZVI performance. This review summarizes recent findings for the removal of typical heavy metal(loid)s and organic pollutants in the aquatic environment by ZVI-based technologies. Different combinations of chemical, physical, biological, or other methods with ZVI and their operating conditions and influencing factors are presented and discussed. Finally, we also present the removal mechanisms of ZVI-based technologies and recommendations for future research. This review provides an up-to-date perspective on the removal of pollutants using ZVI-based technologies and collates references for future large-scale application to wastewater treatment.

Microeukaryotic communities are sensitive to environmental changes; and are considered essential for microbial food webs and biogeochemical cycles. Therefore, understanding the community responses of microeukaryotes to environmental changes is of great ecological significance. Very little is known about the assembly mechanisms underlying the microeukaryotic communities, especially for the key ecological groups (e.g., habitat generalists/specialists) in the riverine ecosystems. Here, we employed 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing to study the assembly processes governing the microeukaryotic communities and their habitat generalists and specialists across three hydrological seasons in a subtropical river in China. The results showed that deterministic and stochastic processes jointly shaped the microeukaryotic communities, where the relative importance of stochastic processes decreased in the following order: wet > normal > dry seasons. However, deterministic processes played more important role in shaping the microeukaryotic communities than those of prokaryotes. Meanwhile, stochastic and deterministic processes were responsible for structuring the microeukaryotic habitat generalists and specialists, respectively. Generally, the pure effects of physicochemical factors on the microeukaryotic communities and their key ecological groups were ~ 1.7 folds than those of the micropollutants. However, several micropollutants (e.g., acetaminophen, benzophenone-3, bisphenol A, sulfadiazine, triclocarban and triclosan) were found to have a strong effect on the habitat specialists. Altogether, we suggested that the ecological responses of the riverine microeukaryotes to micropollutants may vary among species due to the intrinsic differences in their environmental plasticity.

Wheat is one of the major food crops in the world. Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is an economically important disease that affects wheat worldwide. The discovery of novel resistance genes and the deployment of effectively resistant cultivars are important for the ongoing control of wheat stripe rust and the maintenance of the agricultural productivity of wheat. CH7086, a new stripe rust-resistant wheat introgression line, was selected by crossing susceptible cultivars with the resistant Thinopyrum ponticum-derived partial amphiploid Xiaoyan 7430. The resistance of CH7086 is effective against all current Chinese P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races. CH7086 was crossed with the stripe rust-susceptible cultivars to develop F1, F2, F3, and BC1 populations for genetic analysis. Segregation in the F2 and BC1 populations and F2:3 lines were tested for resistance against the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici race CYR32. This test showed that CH7086 carries a single dominant gene for stripe rust resistance, which was temporarily designated YrCH86. The closest of the eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) and expressed sequence tag-SSR markers flanking the locus were X2AS33, which is 1.9 cM distal, and Xmag3807, which is 3.1 cM proximal. The resistance gene and its polymorphic markers were placed in deletion bin 2AS-0.78-1.00 using the ‘Chinese Spring’ nullisomic-tetrasomic, ditelosomic, and deletion lines. The tests of both allelism and resistance specificity suggested that the resistance gene found in CH7086 was not Yr17, which was the only current formally named Yr gene on chromosome 2AS. Thus, YrCH86 appeared to be a new locus and was permanently designated Yr69.

Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic factors limiting crop productivity. A better understanding of the effects of drought on millet (Setaria italica L.) production, a model crop for studying drought tolerance, and the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for drought stress responses is vital to improvement of agricultural production. In this study, we exposed the drought resistant F1 hybrid, M79, and its parental lines E1 and H1 to drought stress. Subsequent physiological analysis demonstrated that M79 showed higher photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency and drought tolerance than its parents. A transcriptomic study using leaves collected six days after drought treatment, when the soil water content was about ∼20%, identified 3066, 1895, and 2148 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in M79, E1 and H1 compared to the respective untreated controls, respectively. Further analysis revealed 17 Gene Ontology (GO) enrichments and 14 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in M79, including photosystem II (PSII) oxygen-evolving complex, peroxidase (POD) activity, plant hormone signal transduction, and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Co-regulation analysis suggested that these DEGs in M79 contributed to the formation of a regulatory network involving multiple biological processes and pathways including photosynthesis, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, redox regulation, hormonal signaling, and osmotic regulation. RNA-seq analysis also showed that some photosynthesis-related DEGs were highly expressed in M79 compared to its parental lines under drought stress. These results indicate that various molecular pathways, including photosynthesis, respond to drought stress in M79, and provide abundant molecular information for further analysis of the underlying mechanism responding to this stress.

This work studies the problem of finite-time stochastic boundedness of discrete-time Markovian jump neural networks with boundary transition probabilities and randomly varying nonlinearities. The partly unknown and uncertain transition probabilities (TPs) are included in the paper, and more general nonlinearities are introduced with both upper and lower bounds due to the nature of its probability information. By employing the free-weighting matrix technique, finite-time stability theory and boundary incomplete TPs, the solvability sufficient conditions of finite-time stochastic boundedness are given. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

This paper studies the finite-time stochastic contractive boundedness problem for a class of Markovian jump linear systems subject to input constraints. First of all, by employing exogenous disturbance, two novel concepts, namely finite-time stochastic contractive stability (FTSCS) and finite-time stochastic contractive boundedness (FTSCB) are introduced. Secondly, a relaxation scheme for incomplete (i.e., partly known, unknown, and uncertain) transition probability descriptions is introduced. Then, two kinds of design methodology of observer-based controllers are proposed. All the design conditions are established by employing a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). At last, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic factors limiting crop productivity. A better understanding of the effects of drought on millet (Setaria italica L.) production, a model crop for studying drought tolerance, and the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for drought stress responses is vital to improvement of agricultural production. In this study, we exposed the drought resistant F1 hybrid, M79, and its parental lines E1 and H1 to drought stress. Subsequent physiological analysis demonstrated that M79 showed higher photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency and drought tolerance than its parents. A transcriptomic study using leaves collected six days after drought treatment, when the soil water content was about ∼20%, identified 3066, 1895, and 2148 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in M79, E1 and H1 compared to the respective untreated controls, respectively. Further analysis revealed 17 Gene Ontology (GO) enrichments and 14 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in M79, including photosystem II (PSII) oxygen-evolving complex, peroxidase (POD) activity, plant hormone signal transduction, and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Co-regulation analysis suggested that these DEGs in M79 contributed to the formation of a regulatory network involving multiple biological processes and pathways including photosynthesis, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, redox regulation, hormonal signaling, and osmotic regulation. RNA-seq analysis also showed that some photosynthesis-related DEGs were highly expressed in M79 compared to its parental lines under drought stress. These results indicate that various molecular pathways, including photosynthesis, respond to drought stress in M79, and provide abundant molecular information for further analysis of the underlying mechanism responding to this stress.