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Additional file 1: Table S1. Pharmacokinetic of TP in different groups. Table S2. Histopathological scores. Figure S1. Molecular weight and purity verification of FEFQFK sequence. Figure S2. SEM of TP@HSA NPs. Figure S3. FTIR spectra of HSA, TP, the mixture of HSA and TP, and TP@HSA NPs. FigureS4. Study on the stability of TP@HSA NPs. Figure S5. Comparative of the release behavior of CCPA and TP from nanocomposite hydrogel in different pH. Figure S6. Histopathological images obtained by H&E staining. Figure S7. Imaging of AIA mice treated with TP@HSA NPs in ST36 in left site at different point-in-times. Figure S8. Representative micro-CT images of the ankle joints at day 28.

Acupuncture is a key component of Chinese medicine. It describes a series of procedures involving the stimulation of skin through penetration of fine, single-use, sterile needles that result in the release of neurotransmitters. Although its use is on the growing trend, considerable controversy surrounds its value as a therapy. Standard randomized controlled trials that adhere to the accepted criteria should be conducted in the future to ensure the effectiveness of acupuncture. This article summarizes the current evidence regarding the use of acupuncture. It includes a description of the history, mode of operation, treatment of a variety of chronic disorders related to inflammation, and future directions for acupuncture use. Published clinical trials support the view that acupuncture is a possible candidate for the treatment of several chronic inflammation-related disorders.

Hypertension is associated with at least 7.6 million annual deaths worldwide. While pharmacotherapy may provide good control for blood pressure, it sometimes induces adverse effects. Meanwhile, acupuncture has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke, but its mechanisms of actions remain poorly understood. The efficacy of acupuncture depends on multiple constituent elements including acupoints, manipulation skills, and implementation programs, which are termed as acupuncture prescription. This review summarized the previous information of experimental use of acupuncture on animals including species, hypertension models, acupoints selection, acupoint location, stimulation protocols, and evaluation of effectiveness to provide useful guidance for researchers when performing acupuncture in animal experiments.