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A espécie Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, pertencente à família Anacardiaceae, e conhecida popularmente como aroeira-vermelha, apresenta rápido crescimento, com potencial madeireiro, valor fitoterápico, sendo amplamente utilizada na recuperação de áreas degradadas, além de apresentar tolerância à seca. Nas regiões semiáridas, a alternância das estações chuvosas e as oscilações sazonais na temperatura influenciam os fenômenos cíclicos que determinam o crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo das plantas. Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a influência dos pulsos de precipitação pluvial nas fenofases reprodutivas em S. terebinthifolius, conhecer os padrões fenológicos reprodutivos e a capacidade germinativa dessas sementes, além de fornecer informações sobre a melhor época de obtenção de sementes na área experimental. O registro dos dados fenológicos foi realizado entre a primeira quinzena de junho de 2020 e a segunda quinzena de maio de 2021. Estudos fenológicos de intensidade e atividade das fenofases correlacionaram-se com a precipitação, no período de junho/2020 a maio/2021, na área de caatinga, mostrando que a floração e frutificação, e consequentemente, a produção e obtenção de sementes de S. terebinthifolius foram influenciadas pela variação temporal e espacial das chuvas.

Beans are extremely important for the Brazilian economy, are part of the diet, are very nutritious and have great commercial value, with high production due to their ability to adapt to different edaphoclimatic conditions. Traditional peoples produce seeds of local varieties, called creole seeds. They are resistant because they retain relevant characteristics left as an inheritance from their ancestors, who, free of charge, provided an environmental service for the preservation and perpetuation of this genetic heritage. Based on this, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the adherent agents palm extract, aloe vera extract and sugar syrup in the pelleting of creole bean seeds (Minguita) with rock dust. The work was carried out in the Laboratory of Phytotechnics belonging to the Campus of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Alagoas. As adherent agents were used: water, palm extract, aloe vera extract and sugar solution. Rock dust (MB-4) was used for the coating. The evaluated parameters were: water content, weight of a thousand seeds, first germination count, germination, germination speed index, average germination time, germination uncertainty, length of root and aerial part and dry mass of seedlings. Palm is the most efficient adherent agent in the pelleting of bean seeds with rock dust, and can therefore be recommended for sustainable pelleting.

The maize very important role in the Brazilian economy because it has a high commercial value, having great production due to its ability to adapt to different edaphoclimatic conditions. Family farming produces seeds from local varieties, called creole seeds. This type of seed is resistant because it keeps relevant characteristics left as an inheritance from its ancestors, who, free of charge, performed an environmental service for the preservation and perpetuation of this genetic heritage. Therefore, the work had to evaluate the effect of the adherent agents palm extract, aloe vera extract and sugar solution in the pelleting of creole corn seeds with rock dust. The work was carried out in the Plant Propagation Laboratory belonging to the Campus of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Alagoas. As adherent agents were used: water, palm extract, aloe vera extract and sugar solution. Rock dust (MB-4) was used for the coating. The evaluated parameters were: water content, weight of a thousand seeds, first germination count, germination, germination speed index, average germination time, germination uncertainty, length and dry mass of the root and aerial part. Palm extract is the most efficient adherent agent for pelletizing corn seeds with rock dust.

Embora estudos tenham demonstrado a eficácia da aplicação de bioestimulantes em sementes, alguns resultados são contraditórios. Portanto, são necessárias mais pesquisas para verificar a adequação dos métodos utilizados e o momento da aplicação desses produtos. As cucurbitáceas são importantes no agronegócio de hortaliças do Brasil. Além do valor econômico e alimentar, o cultivo de cucurbitáceas gera empregos diretos e indiretos, visto que demanda mão de obra em toda a cadeia produtiva. Com base nisso, este trabalho teve por finalidade avaliar o efeito da aplicação do bioestimulante Stimulate® no desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de Luffa operculata (L.) Cogniaux. Na embebição foram adotados os seguintes tratamentos: 0,0 (controle), 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 mL de Stimulate®/Litro de água destilada. As variáveis analisadas foram: primeira contagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, emergência, tempo médio de emergência, incerteza de emergência, número de folhas e comprimento de plântulas. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes por tratamento. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância, aplicou-se regressão, uma vez que o tratamento é um fator quantitativo. As doses situadas entre 1,77 a 3 mL.L-1 de bioestimulante podem ser recomendadas para sementes de L. operculata, pois promoveram melhorias em todas as variáveis analisadas.

Sesame is a plant with great economic and social potential, being used for various purposes such as the food, pharmaceutical, medicinal industries, and more recently, as a source of renewable energy for the production of biofuel. One of the factors that most limit the productivity of this crop is salt stress. Based on this, the present work aimed to evaluate the germination and vigor of hybrid and creoles sesame seeds subjected to saline stress. The experiment was carried out at the Phytotechnics Laboratory of the Engineering and Agricultural Sciences Campus/UFAL. Two sesame cultivars were studied, BRS Anahí and Creole from the state of Sergipe. The seeds were aseptically treated by immersion in 70% alcohol for 1 minute, followed by washing in running water before being subjected to the treatments. To simulate salt stress, sodium chloride (NaCl) was used as a solute at concentrations of 0.0 (control); -0.1; -0.2; -0.3; -0.4 and -0.5 MPa. The material was placed, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D.) germination type chamber, regulated at an alternate temperature of 20-30 °C. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with four replications of 25 seeds per treatments in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme (sesame cultivars x saline concentrations). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and polynomial regression, and the analyzes were performed using the SISVAR 5.6 software. The parameters evaluated were: water content, germination, first germination count, germination speed index, seedling length and dry mass. The results for the germination of sesame seeds submitted to salt stress showed that as the salinity levels increased there was a reduction in the percentage of germination of the sesame seeds studied, but until the concentration of -0.4 MPa they are within the standards allowed for commercialization of that culture. In the first count of germination, the Creoles sesame seeds showed the highest values, demonstrating better germination performance compared to BRS Anahí. In the germination speed index, BRS Anahí outperformed Creoles in all salt concentrations, except for the control. For seedling length, it was found that at the lowest salt concentrations both sesame varieties obtained the highest averages, with a significant reduction in length at the highest concentration (-0.5). The dry mass of the seedlings decreased as the water salinity increased, being more evident after the -0.3 MPa NaCl solution, especially for BRS Anahí. Thus, it can be concluded that salinity affects the physiological potential of sesame seeds, being more evident when at salt concentrations from -0.3 MPa. Creoles sesame seeds are less sensitive to saline stress.

To evaluate the physiological potential of the seeds, the tetrazolium test would be an interesting alternative, as it is a quick test that provides a detailed analysis of viability and vigor. Therefore, it is necessary to define pre-conditioning conditions, such as temperature and duration of soaking, concentration of the tetrazolium solution, and method of exposing the seeds to staining. Moringa oleifera Lam., belonging to the family Moringaceae, is widely distributed in tropical countries and easily adapted to semi-arid conditions, possessing medicinal value, as forage, condiment, in the cosmetics industry, melliferous, fuel, and in water purification treatment through the coagulant solution made from seeds. Based on the above, the objectives of the present work were to establish the most appropriate procedure for conducting the tetrazolium test to evaluate the viability and vigor of M. oleifera seeds. Only the cotyledons containing the embryo were placed in 50 mL plastic cups and immersed in a solution of 2,3,5-triphenyl chloride tetrazolium salt at concentrations of 0.05; 0.075 and 0.1% for staining periods of 1, 2, and 3 hours in a Biochemical Oxygen Demand chamber at 30 ºC in the dark. The seeds were evaluated one by one for tissue condition (firm or flaccid) and seed color, and by the location and size of the lesions on the cotyledon and embryonic axis. For the standardization of the tetrazolium test, the Completely Randomized Design was used in a 3x3+1 factorial scheme (three concentrations of tetrazolium solution x three staining periods + control = germination test) with four repetitions of 25 seeds. M. oleifera seeds were found to have a high germination rate (100%), there was no significant difference between the control and the percentage of viable seeds (TZ) for the 2 and 3 hours staining periods, immersed in tetrazolium solution at concentrations of 0.075 (96%) and 0.05% (99%), respectively. The most appropriate procedure for conducting the tetrazolium test to assess the viability and vigor of M. oleifera seeds is to use a concentration of 0.05% for 3 hours of salt immersion

Phenology works as an indicator of the response of plants to local climatic and edaphic conditions, enabling a better understanding of the dynamics of the species. The seasonal climate also influences the occurrence of periodic rhythms of growth and reproduction (phenophases). Moringa oleifera Lam., belong to the Moringaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical countries and easily adapts to semiarid conditions, having medicinal value as a forage, flavoring, in the cosmetics, honey, fuel and in the treatment of water purification through the coagulant solution made from the seeds. The objectives of the present work were to study the phenological behavior of M. oleifera and to relate the variations in phenophases with climatic factors, precipitation and temperature. For collection of phenological data, ten trees were selected, and the records were carried out between the first half of August 2020 and the first half of July 2021. The observations were carried out at fortnightly intervals, recording the presence and absence of the flowering and fruiting phenophases including flowering – period in which the tree is in full flowering; fructification – which starts from the moment that small fruits are visible after the fertilization of the flowers and ends with the dispersal of seeds. The Fournier intensity index was determined using a semiquantitative interval scale of five categories (0 to 4), with an interval of 25% between each category. The phenological data of intensity of each phenophase (flowering and fruiting) were related to precipitation and average temperature fortnightly using Spearman's correlation. The flowering and fruiting phenophases of M. oleifera intensified in August, September and December 2020, showing Fournier intensity peaks of 47.5 and 77.5, 72.5 and 92.5, and 35 and 55 %, respectively, and April and June 2021, in the monthly intervals of greater rainfall, with percentage rates of 82.5 and 95, 77.5 and 80%, respectively. In general, we found that M. oleifera produced seeds between the first half of August and the first half of September, and the second half of December 2020, and the second half of April and the first half of June 2021. Thus, it can be stated that the production of fruits by M. oleifera is interrupted in the months with less rainfall (October to November 2020, and January to February 2021). The intensity and duration of the flowering and fruiting phenophases in M. oleifera are synchronized with the temporal distribution of the precipitation pulses in that habitat

Objective: to describe the conduction of data extraction, analysis and codification using the Straussian perspective of Grounded Theory, in Literature Meta-analysis. Method: this is a theoretical-reflexive study on the data extraction from reviews with meta-anaylses. To design the process of searching for qualitative studies, this study briefly addresses the sequential steps of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses and the Joanna Briggs Institute. The extraction, analysis and codification process were carried out following the assumptions of grounded theory, with the Straussian perspective. They are the theoretical-methodological bases in the first stages of the guidelines of the literature review and Meta-analyses guides, starting with the research question until reaching the review stages, divided into identification, selection, eligibility, and inclusion. Results: the results describe the process of data extraction, analysis and codification from the Straussian perspective, using comparative analysis of data, memoranda, diagrams and possibilities of new sample groups from the detailed analytical reading of the included studies. Finally, theoretical saturation is performed, with an analysis of the findings, with examples of categories and subcategories, the emergence of the central phenomenon and presentation of the paradigmatic model. Conclusion: the essay presents subsidies for the understanding of the conduction of extraction, analysis and codification of data in meta-analyses based on the Straussian perspective, enabling the systematized analysis of qualitative evidence and contributing to the development of models or theories of conceptual character RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la conducta de extracción, análisis y codificación de datos utilizando la Teoría Fundamentada, en la perspectiva Straussiana, en la Metasíntesis de la Literatura. Método: se trata de un ensayo teórico-reflexivo sobre la conducción de la extracción de datos a partir de revisiones de metasíntesis. Para delinear el proceso de búsqueda de estudios cualitativos, este ensayo aborda brevemente los pasos secuenciales de los Elementos de informe preferidos para la revisión sistemática y los metanálisis y el Instituto Joanna Briggs. El proceso de extracción, análisis y codificación se realizó siguiendo los supuestos de la Grounded Theory, con la perspectiva straussiana. Son las bases teórico-metodológicas en las primeras etapas de los lineamientos de las guías de revisión de literatura y Metasíntesis, partiendo de la pregunta de investigación hasta llegar a las etapas de revisión, divididas en identificación, selección, elegibilidad e inclusión. Resultados: los resultados describen el proceso de extracción, análisis y codificación de datos desde la perspectiva straussiana, utilizando análisis de datos comparativos, memorandos, diagramas y posibilidades de nuevos grupos de muestra a partir de una lectura analítica exhaustiva de los estudios incluidos. Finalmente, se realiza una saturación teórica, con una síntesis de los hallazgos, con ejemplos de categorías y subcategorías, emergencia del fenómeno central y presentación del modelo paradigmático. Conclusión: el ensayo presenta subsidios para la comprensión de la extracción, análisis y codificación de datos en Metasíntesis a partir de la perspectiva straussiana, permitiendo, de forma sistemática, la síntesis de evidencias cualitativas y contribuyendo al desarrollo de modelos o teorías de carácter conceptual. naturaleza. RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a condução de extração, análise e codificação de dados utilizando a Grounded Theory, na perspectiva Straussiana, em Metassínteses de literatura. Método: trata-se de um ensaio teórico-reflexivo sobre a condução da extração de dados de revisões com metassíntese. Para delineamento do processo de busca dos estudos qualitativos, este ensaio aborda, de forma sucinta, as etapas sequenciais do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses e da Joanna Briggs Institute. O processo de extração, análise e codificação foi realizado seguindo os pressupostos da Grounded Theory, com a perspectiva Straussiana. São as bases teórico-metodológicas nas primeiras etapas das diretrizes dos guias de revisão de literatura e Metassíntese, iniciando com a pergunta de pesquisa até chegar às etapas da revisão, divididas em identificação, seleção, elegibilidade e inclusão. Resultados: nos resultados são descritos o processo de extração, análise e codificação de dados na perspectiva Straussiana, com uso de análise comparativa dos dados, memorandos, diagramas e possibilidades de novos grupos amostrais a partir da leitura analítica minuciosa dos estudos inclusos. Por fim, é realizada a saturação teórica, com síntese dos achados, com exemplos de categorias e subcategorias, emersão do fenômeno central e apresentação da modelo paradigmático. Conclusão: o ensaio apresenta subsídios para a compreensão da condução de extração, análise e codificação de dados em Metassínteses baseada na perspectiva Straussiana, possibilitando, de forma sistematizada, a síntese de evidências qualitativas e contribuindo no desenvolvimento de modelos ou teorias de caráter conceitual.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a condução de extração, análise e codificação de dados utilizando a Grounded Theory, na perspectiva Straussiana, em Metassínteses de literatura. Método: trata-se de um ensaio teórico-reflexivo sobre a condução da extração de dados de revisões com metassíntese. Para delineamento do processo de busca dos estudos qualitativos, este ensaio aborda, de forma sucinta, as etapas sequenciais do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses e da Joanna Briggs Institute. O processo de extração, análise e codificação foi realizado seguindo os pressupostos da Grounded Theory, com a perspectiva Straussiana. São as bases teórico-metodológicas nas primeiras etapas das diretrizes dos guias de revisão de literatura e Metassíntese, iniciando com a pergunta de pesquisa até chegar às etapas da revisão, divididas em identificação, seleção, elegibilidade e inclusão. Resultados: nos resultados são descritos o processo de extração, análise e codificação de dados na perspectiva Straussiana, com uso de análise comparativa dos dados, memorandos, diagramas e possibilidades de novos grupos amostrais a partir da leitura analítica minuciosa dos estudos inclusos. Por fim, é realizada a saturação teórica, com síntese dos achados, com exemplos de categorias e subcategorias, emersão do fenômeno central e apresentação da modelo paradigmático. Conclusão: o ensaio apresenta subsídios para a compreensão da condução de extração, análise e codificação de dados em Metassínteses baseada na perspectiva Straussiana, possibilitando, de forma sistematizada, a síntese de evidências qualitativas e contribuindo no desenvolvimento de modelos ou teorias de caráter conceitual.

Existing campaign-based healthcare delivery programs used for immunization often fall short of established health coverage targets due to a lack of accurate estimates for population size and location. A microplan, an integrated set of detailed planning components, can be used to identify this information to support programs such as equitable vaccination efforts. Here, we presents a series of steps necessary to create an artificial intelligence-based framework for automated microplanning, and our pilot implementation of this analysis tool across 29 countries of the Americas. Further, we describe our processes for generating a conceptual framework, creating customized catchment areas, and estimating up-to-date populations to support microplanning for health campaigns. Through our application of the present framework, we found that 68 million individuals across the 29 countries are within 5 km of a health facility. The number of health facilities analyzed ranged from 2 in Peru to 789 in Argentina, while the total population within 5 km ranged from 1,233 in Peru to 15,304,439 in Mexico. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using this methodological framework to support the development of customized microplans for health campaigns using open-source data in multiple countries. The pandemic is demanding an improved capacity to generate successful, efficient immunization campaigns; we believe that the steps described here can increase the automation of microplans in low resource settings.

Trata-se de artigo objetivando apresentar uma pesquisa acerca de todos os pontos concisos do Projeto Político-Pedagógico - PPP no âmbito do Empreendedorismo, Inclusão, Interdisciplinaridade e Sustentabilidade destacando sua inovação e sua relevância na escola atual. O texto integral ressalta a problemática empreitada pelo PPP para solucionar ou explicar os problemas, desafios, diversidades e possibilidades do espaço escolar. A abordagem metodológica explorada foi o estudo de caso dos fatos corriqueiros de uma escola pública e sua realidade local, bem como uma pequena entrevista com a gestora. Os resultados evidenciaram novidades, descobertas e contradições nas relações e efeitos do PPP. Ainda assim nos requisitos verificados de Empreendedorismo, Inclusão, Interdisciplinaridade e Sustentabilidade, notam-se avanços apenas na área inclusiva, em especial o AEE, sendo as outras demandas ainda são lacunas no currículo vigente.

Em Pragmática Pós-Metafísica: O infradireito na Literatura e Cinema Brasileiros, Licia Soares de Souza propõe uma reflexão sobre o Estado de Direito na sociedade brasileira a partir de análises de dois tipos de textos diferentes, mas complementares: a literatura e o cinema. Seguindo uma tendência já comum nos Estados Unidos e Europa, mas ainda não muito encontrada no Brasil, a professora da Universidade do Estado da Bahia toma o tema como seu Norte e faz da Semiótica sua base. O livro, que dá continuidade a reflexões que aparecem em Literatura e cinema: Traduções Intersemióticas, publicado pela autora em 2009, é respaldado pelo diálogo com o trabalho de teóricos como Bakhtin, Habermas, Peirce, Iuri Lotman e Foucault. É seu objetivo preencher um vazio no estudo contemporâneo da violência em sua multiplicidade, examinando o Estado de Direito no Brasil a partir destas representações. [Recebido em: 21 mai. 2021 – Aceito em: 18 jun. 2021]

The present study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the ecological and applied aspects of temperature in the germination of Colubrina glandulosa (Rhamnaceae), Chloroleucon dumosum (Fabaceae), Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae), Mimosa bimucronata (Fabaceae) and Sapindus saponaria (Sapindaceae). Then we assessed germination, average germination time, germination uniformity and germination activation energy as a function of temperatures. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Propagation Laboratory, on the Engineering and Agricultural Sciences Campus, at the Federal University of Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 25 seeds per treatment. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. The isothermal incubation was performed in Biochemical Oxigen Demand (B.O.D.) germination chamber, at constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ºC and alternating at 20-30 ºC. The seeds of C. glandulosa, C. dumosum, E. contortisiliquum and M. bimucronata germinated in the range of 10 ºC ≤ T ≤ 35 ºC, and S. saponaria germinated in the range of 20 ºC ≤ T ≤ 35 ºC. We found that seeds in the optimal temperature range has unimodal distribution of relative frequency, concentrating germination in the shortest time. The activation energy was positive in the range of 10 ºC ≤ T ≤ 30 ºC, with an inversion of the signal at a temperature of 35 ºC. The studied species had a wide range of temperature tolerance and the speed was curvilinearly dependent on them. The germination process is predominantly endergonic

For most forest species the irregularity of fruiting, low seed production and spatial distribution of trees, make it impossible to supply seeds to meet seedling production programs. On the other hand, to prevent subsequent years of low production and maintain seed viability, it is necessary to adopt adequate storage procedures. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the influence of water content and storage conditions on the physiological potential of seeds of Colubrina glandulosa Perkins (Rhamnaceae), Chloroleucon dumosum (Benth.) G.P. Lewis (Fabaceae), Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Fabaceae), Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) O. Kuntze (Fabaceae) and Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae), which are native tree species in tropical forests in South America. The seeds were placed in paper packaging and glass packaging and stored in a laboratory environment (uncontrolled), during storage periods of zero (recently harvested), three, six, nine, 12 and 15 months. For each storage period, the water content and physiological potential of the seeds were evaluated. The design was entirely randomized with four repetitions of 25 seeds. The germination (G) and germination uniformity (U) data were subjected to analysis of variance in a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement (two types of packaging x six storage periods), and application of polynomial regression. Seeds of Colubrina glandulosa, Chloroleucon dumosum, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Mimosa bimucronata and Sapindus saponaria, packed in paper packaging or glass packaging, and stored under uncontrolled conditions of natural environment, presented higher G and U, in the storage period of 15 months. The physiological potential of the seeds can be maintained for a long time, as long as they are packed in a glass container with an adequate initial water content. With a water content of 8.2, 8.1, 7.9, 8.4% and 12.1%, the seeds of Colubrina glandulosa, Chloroleucon dumosum, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Mimosa bimucronata and Sapindus saponaria, respectively, maintain the viability during storage. Therefore, the solution to store these seeds would be to rigorously dry them, and then use waterproof packaging. It is recommended that for the storage of seeds of these tree species, they are previously packaged in glass containers

A prática escolar pós-contemporânea, fundamenta-se em questões e temáticas,cada vez, mais diferenciadas como: Empreendedorismo, Inclusão,Interdisciplinaridade e Sustentabilidade, que por sua vez precisam ser revistasdesde a formação na licenciatura até sua percepção e aplicação no contextoescolar. Vê-se que os pensamentos teóricos aprendidos no decorrer dos cursosde Licenciatura promovem uma visão reflexiva incompleta em relação àescola. Este texto tem como finalidade debater sobre a contribuição do estágiocurricular obrigatório supervisionado como ferramenta necessária à construçãoe formação do licenciado. Embasado na Educação do Século XXI,metodologicamente utilizou-se de uma revisão bibliográfica vertendo paraquatro pilares Empreendedorismo, Inclusão, Interdisciplinaridade eSustentabilidade. Neste sentido, o estágio curricular obrigatório é essencialpara a didática do futuro professor ao possibilitar o entendimento sobrequestões relacionadas ao ambiente escolar atual como a rotina, as atividadesextracurriculares, o planejamento, dentre outros aspectos. Desse modo, érelevante a discussão sobre o estágio curricular obrigatório nos cursos deLicenciatura, visto que no universo acadêmico têm-se estudos ecompartilhamentos de ideias integradas à vivência temática da prática, sendonecessário um aprofundamento e reflexão sobre à futura atuação pedagógicaempreendedora, inclusiva, interdisciplinar e sustentável.

Em tempos latentes de etnocentrismo e de múltiplas mazelas urbanoindustriais, o desenvolvimento camponês e a paisagem cultural rural se veemameaçados e destituídos de suas múltiplas essências e legitimidades.Movimentos sociais de diferentes partes do país a partir de uma historicidadede resistência e reanálise da realidade agrícola brasileira apresentam a culturacamponesa observada particularmente com seus contextos, signos, significadose significantes. Nesta multiplicidade de ação, a ecologia campesina e a gestãoambiental se protagonizam como frentes de resistência à expansão desenfreadado agronegócio capitalista, neoliberal e insustentável. Neste sentido, o presentetrabalho, a partir de ampla revisão bibliográfica destaca as propostas atuaise/ou pretéritas de viabilização de cursos interdisciplinares, técnicoprofissionalizantes e/ou graduação-especialização nas áreas de Agroecologia,Educação do Campo e Turismo Rural enquanto frentes estratégicas deresistência, ressignificação e consecutivo desenvolvimento sustentável dosestudantes camponeses

Mimosa bimucronata (DC) O. KTZE. (maricá), belong to the family Fabaceae is a forest species found in Latin America. This species has been used in landscaping, reforestation and restoration of degraded areas and permanent preservation. The present work aimed to verify the effect of the position of the seed and the depth of sowing in the emergence and initial growth of seedlings of M. bimucronata. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications including 25 seeds per treatment. Different positions of the seeds were used in the sand substrate: downward facing (HB) thread; facing the side, forming an angle of 90 ° to the imaginary axis with the substrate (HL); and upward facing wire (HC), at seeding depths of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 cm. The following variables were evaluated: emergence percentage, first count and emergence speed index, seedling length and dry mass. The results showed that HL at a depth of 1 cm sowing produces higher vigor seedlings.

A pedagogia, a ciência formadora de profissionais aptos a atuarem em diferentes níveis de educação é um relevante espaço de discussão teórica do conhecimento pedagógico objetivando efetiva revisão do sistema de ensino e reformulação das políticas educacionais. Atualmente os cursos ofertados vertem para uma formação focada na gestão dos serviços profissionais de apoio escolar e na gestão de espaços escolares e não escolares. Este foco empresarial encontra-se voltado a atender as demandas de educação para o trabalho, dentro da égide urbano-industrial capitalista. Assim demandas especialmente humanizadoras e processos inclusivos que fundamentam a educação em sua essência são negligenciados. Uma das muitas negligências refere-se ao currículo escolar e à formação docente, específicos para atendimento às populações camponesas marginalizadas ao longo da história da sociedade brasileira. Neste sentido, as discussões sociais sobre a legitimidade da educação do campo em todo o país vêm ganhando força nas últimas décadas. O presente trabalho buscar discutir a necessidade de formação de docentes camponeses para as séries iniciais através da ampliação da oferta de cursos presenciais, semipresenciais ou à distância em pedagogia do campo.

Apesar da diminuicao dos obitos infantis, ainda se observa a necessidade de continuidade de reducao, sobretudo da mortalidade perinatal, que se encontra distante dos resultados dos paises desenvolvidos os quais abrangem um digito. Objetivo: investigar a correlacao espacial entre a mortalidade perinatal e os indicadores sociais, economicos e demograficos dos municipios do Parana. Metodo: estudo epidemiologico, tipo ecologico, com dados secundarios. Utilizadas as variaveis de mortalidade, sociais, economicas e demograficas, analisadas pelo Indice de Moran e pelo Indicador Espacial de Associacao Local. Resultados: identificou-se autocorrelacao espacial direta entre mortalidade perinatal (0,638) com analfabetismo (0,183), fecundidade entre 15 a 17 anos (0,074) e Indice de Gini (0,143) e, ainda, autocorrelacao negativa para taxa de atividade (-0,142), grau de urbanizacao (-0,111) e Indice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (-0,276). Conclusao: a analise espacial permitiu confirmar a relacao entre a mortalidade perinatal e as condicoes sociais, economicas e demograficas, bem como, a identificacao das regioes que necessitam de investimentos sociais e em saude devido a maior vulnerabilidade a este tipo de obito.

Maricá (Mimosa bimucronata(D.C.) O. Kuntze.) is a species that presents great importance in reforestation programs, in the recovery of permanent preservation areas, landscaping projects and is considered soil improver, being recommended for erosion and for planting on flooded land. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the viability of the seeds of M.bimucronatabythe tetrazolium test and to determine the crude oil content and thepercentage composition of fatty acids. The experiments were conducted at the Plant Propagation Laboratory of the Agricultural Sciences Center (CECA) of the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), located in the municipality of Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil. The obtained data submitted to the analysis of variance and the comparison between the means of viable seeds for each of the combinations in the tetrazolium test were performed by the Dunnett test at 5%. The concentration of 0.075% tetrazolium salt for two hours at 35 °C is an efficient combination for evaluating the viability of M. bimucronataseeds.The oil content was 2.75%, with unsaturated fatty acids prevailing (63.8%).

In the semi-arid environment, the synchronism and the magnitude of the precipitation pulses are indispensable for the ecological processes, mainly due to the availability of water in the soil for the plants and to the microbiological activity of the soil. The present study aimed to determine the vegetative and reproductive phenological behavior of Croton blachetianus Baill in areas of Caatinga. The hypothesis was that the occurrence of the phenophases is synchronized with the spatial and temporal distribution of the precipitation pulses, under semi-arid conditions. For the phenological study, 50 tree individuals were selected, marked and monitored weekly, recording the presence and absence of the phenophases of sprouting, appearance of flower buds, flowering (anthesis), fruiting and senescence, whose data were related to the water pulses and inter-pulses. The method proposed by Fournier was used to estimate the percentage of the intensity of the phenophases in each individual. The phenological data of intensity of each phenophase (sprouting, flower-bud, flowering, fruiting and senescence) were related to the distribution of rain pulses and through Spearman’s correlation coefficient, using the number of individuals under each phenophase and the daily climate data. The vegetative and reproductive phenological behavior of C. blachetianus reflected the seasonal pattern of precipitation. The intensity and duration of the phenophases depended on the extent and frequency of the rain pulses during the rainy season. Total leaf senescence happened when the precipitation inter-pulses intensified as the dry season progressed, characterizing deciduousness.

A emigração de brasileiros para os Estados Unidos tem aumentado consideravelmente nas últimas três décadas. Dessa forma, imigrantes Brasileiros passaram a usar a literatura, música e o cinema como uma forma de expressão de suas experiências. Após discutir rapidamente acerca da mudança do Brasil como uma terra de imigração para uma região de emigração, o presente ensaio introduz inúmeros aspectos da literatura Brazuca e analisa como a experiência americana tem criado mudanças de percepção sobre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos para esse novo grupo minoritário, que se torna uma característica do seu entre-lugar como imigrantes.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:51:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas This study aimed to adapt the methodology of the electrical conductivity test to detect differences in vigor between seeds of Libidibia ferrea of different masses. The seeds were classified according to their individual mass: small seeds ≤ 0.14 g, medium seeds 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.19, large seeds ≥ 0.20 g. Subsequently, seed morphology (length, width, thickness, water content, and weight of 1000 seeds), and the initial physiological potential of the seeds (germination, first count, average time, average speed, germination rate coefficient, germination and emergence rate index, emergence percentage, seedling length, and dry mass) were determined. The electrical conductivity was conducted in a 3 × 12 factorial scheme with three seed masses and 12 immersion periods (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 h), in volumes of 50 and 75 mL of water, with 25 and 50 seeds, respectively. The physical and physiological variables of the seeds were highly correlated with the electrical conductivity test. The seed mass of L. ferrea has a direct relationship with its physiological potential, with the seeds of mass ≥ 0.20 g classified with high vigor; the seeds of mass 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.19 with intermediate vigor; and the seeds of mass ≤ 0.14 g with low vigor. The electrical conductivity test is efficient in the evaluation of the physiological potential of L. ferrea seeds of different masses when conducted with 25 seeds soaked in 50 mL of distilled water for 4 h. Federal University of Alagoas - Engineering and Agrarian Science Campus, AL, BR-104,Km 85,s/n,Mata do Rolo Federal University of Agreste of Pernambuco, PE, Avenue Bom Pastor,s/n,Garanhuns Departament of Production and Plant Breeding - São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, SP, Avenue Universitária,3780,Altos do Paraíso Departament of Production and Plant Breeding - São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, SP, Avenue Universitária,3780,Altos do Paraíso

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic stressed the importance of healthcare personnel. However, there is evidence of an increase in violence against them, which brings consequences, such as anxiety. The aim of this study was to analyze the anxiety levels of health professionals who have or not suffered violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, and verify the variables associated with the risk of starting to take medication for anxiety.Methods: We assessed the anxiety profile of health professionals in Brazil through an online questionnaire, using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7), in relation to groups of participants who have or not suffered violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient to check the consistency of the responses, and the effect size using the r coefficient. Principal Component Analysis was used to verify the differences in anxiety scores between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was also used to verify the variables associated with the risk of starting medication for anxiety and considered statistically significant when p < 0.05.Results: A total of 1,166 health professionals participated in the study, in which 34.13% had a normal anxiety profile, 40.14% mild, 15.78% moderate, and 9.95% severe. The mean score of the sum of the GAD-7 was 7.03 (SD 5.20). The group that suffered violence had a higher mean (8.40; SD 5.42) compared to the group that did not (5.70; SD 4.60). In addition, the median between both groups was significantly different (7.0 vs. 5.0; p < 0.01). Approximately 18.70% of the participants reported having started taking medication to treat anxiety during the pandemic. The factors that increased the chances of these professionals starting medication for anxiety p < 0.05 were having suffered violence during the pandemic (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.42–2.77), being nurses (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.04–2.47) or other types of health professionals (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.04–2.38), and having a mild (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.37–3.34), moderate (OR 4.05; 95% CI 2.48–6.71) or severe (OR 9.08; 95% CI 5.39–15.6) anxiety level.Conclusion: Brazilian healthcare professionals who have suffered violence during the pandemic have higher anxiety scores and higher risk to start taking anxiety medication.

Background Preterm birth (PTB) is a growing health issue worldwide, currently considered the leading cause of newborn deaths. To address this challenge, the present work aims to develop an algorithm capable of accurately predicting the week of delivery supporting the identification of a PTB in Brazil. Methods This a population-based study analyzing data from 3,876,666 mothers with live births distributed across the 3,929 Brazilian municipalities. Using indicators comprising delivery characteristics, primary care work processes, and physical infrastructure, and sociodemographic data we applied a machine learning-based approach to estimate the week of delivery at the point of care level. We tested six algorithms: eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Elastic Net, Quantile Ordinal Regression - LASSO, Linear Regression, Ridge Regression and Decision Tree. We used the root-mean-square error (RMSE) as a precision. Findings All models obtained RMSE indexes close to each other. The lower levels of RMSE were obtained using the eXtreme Gradient Boosting approach which was able to estimate the week of delivery within a 2.09 window 95%IC (2.090–2.097). The five most important variables to predict the week of delivery were: number of previous deliveries through Cesarean-Section, number of prenatal consultations, age of the mother, existence of ultrasound exam available in the care network, and proportion of primary care teams in the municipality registering the oral care consultation. Interpretation Using simple data describing the prenatal care offered, as well as minimal characteristics of the pregnant, our approach was capable of achieving a relevant predictive performance regarding the week of delivery. Funding Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – Brazil, (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico - CNPQ acronym in portuguese) Support of the research project named: Data-Driven Risk Stratification for Preterm Birth in Brazil: Development of a Machine Learning-Based Innovation for Health Care- Grant: OPP1202186

Background: The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has claimed thousands of lives worldwide and disrupted the health system in many countries. As the national emergency care capacity is a crucial part of the COVID-19 response, we evaluated the Brazilian Health Care System response preparedness against the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A retrospective and ecological study was performed with data retrieved from the Brazilian Information Technology Department of the Public Health Care System. The numbers of intensive care (ICU) and hospital beds, general or intensivist physicians, nurses, nursing technicians, physiotherapists, and ventilators from each health region were extracted. Beds per health professionals and ventilators per population rates were assessed. A health service accessibility index was created using a two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA). A spatial analysis using Getis-Ord Gi* was performed to identify areas lacking access to high-complexity centers (HCC).Results: As of February 2020, Brazil had 35,682 ICU beds, 426,388 hospital beds, and 65,411 ventilators. In addition, 17,240 new ICU beds were created in June 2020. The South and Southeast regions have the highest rates of professionals and infrastructure to attend patients with COVID-19 compared with the northern region. The north region has the lowest accessibility to ICUs.Conclusions: The Brazilian Health Care System is unevenly distributed across the country. The inequitable distribution of health facilities, equipment, and human resources led to inadequate preparedness to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the ineffectiveness of public measures of the municipal and federal administrations aggravated the pandemic in Brazil.

Usually, in the Brazilian semiarid region where dry and humid periods are well determined, phenological events are mainly affected by seasonal rainfall and availability of water in the soil. The studies in these regions have importance especially to understand the dynamics of dry forests. Thus, the objective of this work was to characterize the phenophases of trees P. pyramidalis, C. blachetianus, A. pyrifolium and J. mollissima, and their relationship with the temporal distribution of rainfall, which occurs in the form of pulses. Furthermore, the effect of goat grazing was evaluated. The experimental areas presented different caprine stockings, where first had ten and the second five. The third stocking remained without goats during the experimental period. For the phenological follow-up, 50 tree individuals of each species were selected, tagged and monitored weekly, at Experimental Station, in the municipality of São João do Cariri-PB. In order to quantify the phenological events, the percentage of Fournier intensity was used, registering the presence and absence of the phenophases: sprouting, flowering, fruiting and senescence, whose data were related to the water pulses and inter-pulses. The phenological events presented annual patterns, with interannual variations in intensity. We observed that the phenophases occur in synchrony with the temporal distribution of the rainfall pulses in the area of its occurrence. As the dry season progresses, reduction in sprouting, flowering and fruiting occurs when the inter-pulses of rainfall was intensified. The presence of goats did not influence the phenological development of the species.

Colubrina glandulosa Perkins, conhecida popularmente como sobrasil, é uma espécie de importância ecológica e socioeconômica, porém ameaçada de extinção. Suas sementes apresentam germinação baixa, lenta e desuniforme. Sabendo que o teste de tetrazólio tem se destacado por sua eficácia e rapidez quando se deseja respostas rápidas sobre a qualidade das sementes, este estudo objetivou estabelecer a melhor concentração da solução de tetrazólio e o período de coloração para avaliar a viabilidade das sementes de Colubrina glandulosa. As sementes foram pré-umedecidas em papel toalha e colocadas em uma câmara de germinação a 30 °C por cinco horas. Posteriormente, a porção do cotilédone contendo o embrião foi imersa em solução de 2,3,5-trifenil cloreto de tetrazólio em quatro concentrações de 0,075; 0,1; 0,5 e 1,0% por três períodos de coloração (2, 4 e 6 horas) a 30 ºC no escuro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 + 1 (4 concentrações de solução de tetrazólio x 3 períodos de coloração + 1 controle – teste de germinação). O teste de tetrazólio foi eficiente para estimar a viabilidade de sementes de C. glandulosa, e a concentração de 0,075% por quatro horas a 30 ºC foi a melhor condição.

Manilkara zapota L., popularly known as sapoti, has commercial relevance both for fruits, with high prices in the regional markets, and for its wood. Thus, the propagation of this species can be done by seed, however, the germination is slow and uneven. The objective of this work was to study the biometry of the seeds and to evaluate pre-germinative treatments to facilitate the propagation of sapoti. The fruits were from the municipality of Brejão-PE and length, width and thickness were determined in millimeters of each seed and submitted to different pre-germination treatments. The seeds were exposed to the following evaluations: biometry, dormancy overrun, germination tests, germination speed index, root length and aerial part of the seedlings and dry mass of the root and shoot of the seedlings. They have variability regarding their biometry and do not require the adoption of treatments for the breakdown of dormancy, which enables and accelerates the production of seedlings. The treatments aimed at overcoming dormancy of sapoti were not efficient to accelerate the germination of the seeds.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the application of treated sewage sludge on the initial development of soybean plants (Glycine max L.). Seven treatments were used: (T1) only the soil (absolute control); (T2) soil + residue at the dose of 5.0 g/dm3; (T3) soil + residue at a dose of 10.0 g/dm3; (T4) soil + residue at the dose of 15.0 g/dm3; (T5) soil + residue at the dose of 20.0 g/dm3; (T6) soil + residue at the dose of 25.0 g/dm3; and (T7) culture with PK. The variables of emergence, first count and emergence speed of seedlings, green mass, shoot length, root length, dry shoot mass and dry root mass of the plants were analyzed. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replicates of 25 plants for each treatment. The use of the organic residue positively influenced the characteristics observed in relation to the control and the PK, and in the appropriate dose, it can be recommended as an input and soil conditioner. Sewage sludge presents high potential as a fertilizer for soybean cultivation.

The present work aimed to evaluate the germination, emergence, vigor and initial development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars. Nine cultivars belonging to the crespa group, Cinderella, Monica SF 31, Mimosa (Salad Bowl), Veneranda, Brava, Cerbiatta (Catalonha), Itapua Super, Itauna Prisee, Simpson and Vitoria de Verao were used. The experiment was conducted to ensure the accuracy of the comparisons. The variables analyzed were: Germination, emergence, first germination and emergency counting, mean germination and emergency time, mean germination and emergence velocity, germination and emergency uncertainty index, germination and emergency synchrony, and relative frequency of germination and emergency. In order to obtain the emergency data, it was necessary to use a refrigerated room to give optimal conditions for the seeds and in the initial stage, an acclimatization for a salable development of newly emerged seedlings. For experimental design, completely randomized (CRD) was used for laboratory conditions and randomized blocks (RB) for the field, with four replicates of 25 seeds per treatment. The data were submitted for analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The analyses were carried out using SISVAR software 5.6. Cultivar Itauna obtained the best results in physiological quality evaluations, being recommended for planting in regions of Northeastern Brazil. Key words: Lactuca sativa L., germination, emergence.

This study aimed to characterize the maturation stages of the papaya fruits and to evaluate the physiological quality of papaya seeds produced in an agroforestry system as a function of postharvest maturation. Papaya fruits were used (Carica papaya L.) from two groups, Formosa Tainung 1 and Solo Sunrise Solo, harvested at maturation stage I (up to 15% of the yellow bark). The seeds were obtained, without sarcotesta: soon after harvest (T1); 14 days after standing at room temperature (T2); and 14 days after standing at 10 °C (T3). The variables analyzed included: germination, first count, speed, and mean germination time and length of seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme (2 groups and 3 rest periods), with 4 replicates of 50 seeds for each treatment. The papaya fruits produced maximum germinating seed in a less average time at room temperature and maturation stage V and the final stage (76%–100% of the yellow bark), allowing maximum number of seedlings with greater vigor. Fruits in stage I impaired the physiological quality of the seeds. The agroecological production presented a systemic approach in the management of papaya.

Agroecology is the science that establishes the basis for construction of sustainable farming styles. The consortium usually to stand out as alternative interesting small for producers with structural and financial limitations, because it is an effective cropping system practiced long ago and found in all parts of the world, with greater diversity in the tropics. The experiment was conducted between August to November 2012 in the municipality of Garanhuns-PE/Brazil It had as objective to observe how the lettuce would behave in consortium with the carrot in an agroecological system of production. The parameters evaluated in the experiment were plant height, total weight of the plant, weight of leaves and number of leaves. The data obtained were submitted to a statistical comparison test between averages of the consortium and non-consortium beds, using Student's t-test at a significance level of 5%. It was observed that the consortium between lettuce and carrot presented a significant difference for most of the studied variables, negatively influencing its growth.

O Encontro do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde (EPCS), que ocorre a cada dois anos é o principal evento de atualização científica organizado pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Atualmente, em sua oitava edição, o 8° EPCS deste ano teve como tema “Ciência pós-pandemia”. O objetivo do evento foi proporcionar aos participantes um ambiente científico de qualidade, além de estimular a troca de experiências e aprimoração de conhecimentos, durante todas as noites dos dias 17, 18, 19 e 20 de novembro de 2020.

Global suicide rates have increased in recent decades becoming a serious social and public health problem. In Brazil, rates have been increasing annually. We aimed to analyze the correlation between suicide mortality rates and global economic and political crisis periods of 2008 and 2014 in Brazil. The analysis of suicide mortality in Brazil was done using a time-series segmented linear regression model that estimated the trend of rates over time. To obtain the model, changes in the trend of both abrupt and gradual suicide rates were investigated. The results indicate statistically significant changes showing an upward trend of suicide rates during the world economic crisis (2008-2013) and during the economic and political crisis in Brazil (2014-2017) compared to previous periods, especially at the extremes of schooling (3 8 years). Among white and parda, there were significant trend rates increases in both periods and in different regions. In the Northeast and South regions, we observed a significant increase in the trend rate for males after the Brazilian economic and political crisis (2014 to 2017). We can conclude that the national suicide rates were influenced by the economic and political instability that our country has been going through since 2008, affecting each region differently. Further studies are needed to explore the reasons for interregional differences and the relation of suicide with unemployment rates and possible economic predictors., Highlights • Both groups, with low and high educational level, became vulnerable in the face of a financial crisis. • Race characteristics represented risk factors for suicide in economic downturns times. • Males showed an increasing trend in suicide rates after economic and political crisis times. • Socioeconomic difficulties might contribute to rising suicide rates.

Background: No other disease has killed more than ischemic heart disease (IHD) for the past few years globally. Despite the advances in cardiology, the response time for starting treatment still leads patients to death because of the lack of healthcare coverage and access to referral centers.Objectives: To analyze the spatial disparities related to IHD mortality in the Parana state, Brazil.Methods: An ecological study using secondary data from Brazilian Health Informatics Department between 2013–2017 was performed to verify the IHD mortality. An spatial analysis was performed using the Global Moran and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to verify the spatial dependency of IHD mortality. Lastly, multivariate spatial regression models were also developed using Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to identify socioeconomic indicators (aging, income, and illiteracy rates), exam coverage (catheterization, angioplasty, and revascularization rates), and access to health (access index to cardiologists and chemical reperfusion centers) significantly correlated with IHD mortality. The chosen model was based on p < 0.05, highest adjusted R² and lowest Akaike Information Criterion.Results: A total of 22,920 individuals died from IHD between 2013–2017. The spatial analysis confirmed a positive spatial autocorrelation global between IDH mortality rates (Moran’s I: 0.633, p < 0.01). The LISA analysis identified six high-high pattern clusters composed by 66 municipalities (16.5%). GWR presented the best model (Adjusted R²: 0.72) showing that accessibility to cardiologists and chemical reperfusion centers, and revascularization and angioplasty rates differentially affect the IHD mortality rates geographically. Aging and illiteracy rate presented positive correlation with IHD mortality rate, while income ratio presented negative correlation (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Regions of vulnerability were unveiled by the spatial analysis where sociodemographic, exam coverage and accessibility to health variables impacted differently the IHD mortality rates in Paraná state, Brazil.HighlightsThe increase in ischemic heart disease mortality rates is related to geographical disparities.The IHD mortality is differentially associated to socioeconomic factors, exam coverage, and access to health.Higher accessibility to chemical reperfusion centers did not necessarily improve patient outcomes in some regions of the state.Clusters of high mortality rate are placed in regions with low amount of cardiologists, income and schooling.

Objective: To analyze the management of bullying by the managers of elementary schools. Methods: Descriptive, exploratory research carried out through semi-structured interviews with 17 school counselors from a city in the South of Brazil, randomly selected from different geographical sectors. The interviews were recorded with participants’ consent and, after transcription and checking, were discarded. The interviews covered the following subjects: sociodemographic characterization of subjects, school functioning, comprehension, recognition and management of bullying cases by counselors. Data analysis was performed using the Bayesian network associated with content analysis. Results: The majority of subjects were females, between 30 and 50 years old. Fifteen subjects were graduated in pedagogy, and all had postgraduate degrees. Most of them worked as counselor for less than three years. Only two subjects, between 30 and 50 years old, understood the term bullying. Case recognition was lower in this age group. Having a degree influenced positively the recognition of bullying. The higher the number of students in the school, the lower the recognition of cases by managers. All subjects managed cases by addressing children, families, staff, and involving professionals and support groups. Conclusions: The understanding and recognition of bullying was given by a few interviewees. All managers reported similar management actions in the cases. Given the scarcity of studies on bullying management in schools, more studies in this area could improve the approach of cases and contribute to their reduction.

Background: Existing campaign-based healthcare delivery programs used for immunization often fall short of established health coverage targets due to the lack of accurate population estimates and location. A microplan, an integrated set of detailed planning components, can be used to identify this information in order to support programs such as equitable COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: We present a series of steps necessary to create an artificial intelligence-based framework for automated microplanning, and our pilot implementation of this analysis tool across 29 countries of the Americas. Further, we describe our processes for generating a conceptual framework, creating customized catchment areas, and estimate the up-do-date population to support microplanning of health campaigns. Findings: Through our application of the present framework, we found that 68 million individuals across the 29 countries are within five km of a health facility. The number of health facilities analyzed ranged from 2 in Peru to 789 in Argentina, while the total population within five km ranged from 1,233 in Peru to 15,304,439 in Mexico. Interpretation: Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using this methodological framework to support the development of customized microplans for health campaigns using open-source data in multiple countries. The pandemic is demanding an improved capacity to generate successful, efficient immunization campaigns; we believe that the steps described here will increase the automation of microplans in low resource settings. Funding Statement: Funding is not applicable for this study. Declaration of Interests: All authors filled the ICME Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest, and for all authors there were nothing to disclose.

ObjectiveThe aim of this observational cross-sectional study was to analyse the spatial distribution of major lower limb amputation (MLLA) rates and associate them to socioeconomic, demographic and public healthcare access-related variables in the State of Paraná, Brazil, from 2012 to 2017.MethodData on MLLA, revascularisation surgeries, diagnostic exams and healthcare coverage were obtained from the Brazilian Public Hospital Information System. Socioeconomic data were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Spatial autocorrelation of the MLLA rates was tested using Moran’s I method. Multivariate spatial regression models using ordinary least squares regression (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were used to identify the variables significantly correlated with MLLA.ResultsA total of 5270 MLLA were included in the analysis. Mean MLLA rates were 24.32 (±18.22)/100 000 inhabitants, showing a positive global spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I=0.66; p2=0.77) showing that the predictors differentially affect the MLLA rates geographically.ConclusionThe high MLLA rates in some regions of the state are influenced by the high rate of illiteracy and low utilisation rate of colour Doppler, indicating a social problem and difficulty in accessing health. On the other hand, the high rates of revascularisation surgeries are related to higher MLLA rates, possibly due to delayed access to specialised hospitals. This indicates that attention must be given to population access to public healthcare in the State of Paraná in order to ensure proper and timely medical attention.

BackgroundIn 2017, the World Health Organization declared the snakebite envenomation as a neglected tropical disease. Annually, snakebite envenomation causes approximately 400,000 permanent disabilities and 95,000 deaths worldwide. People with the greatest risk of envenomation lack access to adequate health care, including treatment with antivenom. We developed an analysis of accessibility to antivenom in Brazil in order to verify the impacts on mortality.Methods and FindingsInformation about number of accidents, deaths, antivenom, medical assistance, and species, were retrieved from the Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS) from 2010 to 2015 and analyzed using geostatistics to evaluate the association between snakebite accidents and mortality. An Spatial analysis using Global Moran’s I was performed in order to verify the presence of spatiality as an independent variable to the distribution of the accidents. In addition, we also tested three different analysis of regression using Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Spatial Error, and Geographically Weighed Regression (GWR), together with the information obtained from the DATASUS and sociodemographic indicators, to verify the spatial-temporal distribution of envenomation cases and time to reach the healthcare centers. The regression presenting the lowest Akaike Criterion Information (AIC), highest adjusted R2, and variables with p < 0.05 was selected to represent our model. Lastly, the accessibility index was performed using 2-step floating catchment area based on the amount of hospital beds and inhabitants. This study revealed 141,039 cases of snakebites, 598 deaths, and mortality rate of 3.13 per 1,000,000 inhabitants. Moreover, GWR presented the best fit (AIC = 55477.56; adjusted R2 = 0.55) and showed that illiteracy, income, percentage of urban population, percentage of antivenom, accessibility index for hospital beds with antivenom, proportion of cases with more than 3 hours to reach healthcare are correlated with the mortality rate by snakebite (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study identified regions affected by snakebite and how the accessibility to antivenom treatment plays an important role in the mortality in Brazil. Public interventions can located to those most vulnerable regions in order to improve the accident outcome.