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Hintergrund: Ziel der Präzisionsmedizin (synonym auch individualisierte bzw. personalisierte Medizin genannt) in der Onkologie ist es, durch gezielte Prävention, systematische Diagnostik und den Einsatz maßgeschneiderter, auf die Bedürfnisse einzelner Patienten oder Patientengruppen[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 65th Annual Meeting of the German Association for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (GMDS), Meeting of the Central European Network (CEN: German Region, Austro-Swiss Region and Polish Region) of the International Biometric Society (IBS)

Klinische Leitlinien haben im letzten Jahrzehnt für die ärztliche Tätigkeit in Klinik und Praxis erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Sie gelten als Regeln guten ärztlichen Handelns und sind als systematisch – von ärztlichen Fachvertretern zusammen mit Biometrikern –[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Bad Honnef-Symposium 2018

Prof. Dr.med. Wolf-Dieter Ludwig, Vorsitzender der Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft im Gespräch mit Andrea Fried Immer mehr Arzneimittel kommen sowohl in den USA als auch in Europa in beschleunigten Zulassungsverfahren auf dem Markt. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt liegen oft nur [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Brücken bauen – von der Evidenz zum Patientenwohl; 19. Jahrestagung des Deutschen Netzwerks Evidenzbasierte Medizin

Hintergrund: Eine Bedingung für die Glaubwürdigkeit von Leitlinien ist ein transparenter Umgang mit Interessenkonflikten der Autoren [ref:1]. Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) hat dazu im April 2010 neue Empfehlungen verabschiedet[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Entscheiden trotz Unsicherheit; 14. Jahrestagung des Deutschen Netzwerks Evidenzbasierte Medizin

Drugs can cause a variety of blood dyscrasias, e. g., by interfering with hematopoiesis in the bone marrow or damaging mature blood cells by antibodies. Although numerous reports on the risks of adverse hematological effects associated with psychotropic drugs have led to stringent monitoring requirements for some compounds, particularly neuroleptics, it is still difficult to estimate the true prevalence of such risks. Sixteen episodes of thrombocytopenia, 63 of neutropenia, 22 of agranulocytosis, 4 episodes of severe neutro- and thrombocytopenia, and 2 of pancytopenia were documented by the drug safety program in psychiatry AMSP (Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie) in a population of 122,562 patients between 1993 and 2000. All cases were related to the epidemiological data provided for this population and systematically analyzed as regards history of medication, co-medication, and the clinical course. Putative risk rates for the main groups of medications and a number of drugs could be estimated with this database. Most changes in the white blood cell counts, which were rated as probably or definitely drug-induced, were attributed to clozapine (0.18 % of patients exposed), carbamazepine (0.14 %) and perazine (0.09 %). In patients on newer atypical neuroleptics, we documented neutropenia assumed to be probably or definitely drug-related in five patients during treatment with olanzapine and in one case with risperidone. In all five olanzapine-related cases, the drugs were the sole cause of the adverse drug reactions. All surveyed patients who received clozapine showed no difference in age and gender distribution from those who developed hematological changes. Incidences of hematological changes for antidepressants were much lower (about 0.01 %). Although the methodological accuracy of these findings has to be critically discussed these data could be of considerable clinical relevance and should be helpful in making clinical treatment decisions.

Peripheral T-lymphocytes from 16 randomly selected patients with nonsegmental vitiligo were labeled with monoclonal antibodies recognizing T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta, TCR gamma/delta, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RA, CD45RO, CD11b, CD11c, CD16, CD56, CD25, CD54, and HLA-DR antigens. In comparison with matched controls, a significant decrease of the CD45RA+ subset (P less than 0.03) together with significant increase of the circulating HLA-DR+ cells (P less than 0.02) was found. No other alterations were detected. These findings may point to some autoimmune phenomena involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The increased HLA-DR expression indicates the presence of activated peripheral T-cells. Thus, our data provide new and further evidence for T-cell dysregulation in nonsegmental vitiligo.

Minimal requirements and their rationale for the diagnosis and the response to treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were defined in the recently instituted "BFM-Family"-Group, in which the German, Austrian, Dutch, Italian, Belgian, French and Hungarian childhood leukemia study groups cooperate. ALL is defined as greater-than-or-equal-to 25% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow; for confirmation of the diagnosis and classification the criteria of the French-American-British (FAB) criteria are retained. For determination of the extent of the disease at diagnosis or relapse the criteria by the Rome Workshop [1986] are recommended: An obligatory panel of monoclonal antibodies for immunophenotyping was defined, as well as criteria for precursor B-ALL and T-ALL. Cytogenetic studies may support the diagnosis and subtyping, and are essential to identify certain patients with a high risk of treatment failure (f.i. t(9;22), t(4;11)). The role of molecular genetics for the diagnosis and the characterization of leukemia and the value of its clinical application needs further elucidation. Relapse was defined as recurrence of evident leukemia in the blood, bone marrow (greater-than-or-equal-to 25% lymphoblasts) or at any other site (to be confirmed by histological examination). Bone marrow involvement combined with extramedullary relapse was defined as greater-than-or-equal-to 5% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow.