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A functional dielectric post-wallwaveguide (PWW) and a PWW-based band-pass filterthat is formed by introducing specific arrangements ofadditional dielectric posts in the guiding region arenumerically analyzed. In this preliminary study, thecomplex wavenumber of the dielectric PWW composedof dielectric rods as wall elements is rigorouslycalculated using our highly efficient full-wave formalismbased on the lattice sums technique. Structural parame-ters of the dielectric PWW are properly chosen using acombination of our full-wave formalism, and a breedergenetic algorithm is employed as a global searchheuristic to achieve a strong confinement of theelectromagnetic fields with a relatively smaller numberof layers in the lateral direction aiming at a realization ofa compact functional device within the desired frequencyrange. After the structural parameters of the PWW aredefined, a functional band-pass filter is realized. The S-parameters of the filter are calculated using the CST 3DEM simulation tool. It is expected that this study will findpractical applications in device integration at millimeter-wave and terahertz frequencies—those at which metalrods used, for example, in conventional substrate-integrated waveguide schemes become too lossy andthus impair their guiding properties.

Rothiaspecies are components of the normal oral microflora, which have been recognized as emerging opportunistic pathogens in immune compromised hosts. This study was performed to investigate the distribution ofRothiaspecies in infected root canals. The correlations of clinical findings with the presence ofRothiaspecies were also evaluated. A total of 200 root canal samples, including 92 primary infections and 108 secondary infections, were collected from 200 Japanese patients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 16S rRNA gene was performed to detect threeRothiaspecies, i.e.,Rothia mucilaginosa, Rothia aeria, andRothia dentocariosa. The detection frequencies ofR. mucilaginosa, R. aeria, andR. dentocariosawere 49/200 (24.5%), 95/200 (47.5%), and 55/200 (27.5%), respectively. There were no significant differences in the detection frequencies between primary and secondary endodontic infections. The detection frequency ofR. mucilaginosain cases with gingival swelling was 42.9%, and there were significantly more cases positive than negative for this species (P = 0.042). The presence ofR. aeriaalso showed correlations with radiolucency around the root apex (P = 0.001) and pain on percussion (P = 0.044). Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the relative abundance ofR. mucilaginosain total bacterial counts ranged from 0.04% to 91.8%. These results indicated thatRothiaspecies colonize root canals at relatively high frequency, and that root canals are potential reservoirs of these pathogens. The results also suggest thatRothiaspecies are involved in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis.

The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with complicated urinary tract infections were analyzed using national surveillance data. The data consisted of 881 bacterial strains from eight clinically relevant species. The data were collected for the third national surveillance project from January 2015 to March 2016 by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, the Japanese Association for Infectious Disease, and the Japanese Society of Clinical Microbiology. Surveillance was undertaken with the cooperation of 41 medical institutions throughout Japan. Fluoroquinolone required a MIC90 of 2–64 mg/L to inhibit the 325 Escherichia coli strains tested and the proportion of levofloxacin resistant E. coli strains increased to 38.5% from 29.6% in 2011 and 28.6% in 2008. The proportion of levofloxacin resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis decreased from previous reports and the proportion of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae remained low. Among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (minimum inhibitory concentration, 2 μg/mL) increased to 14.7% from 5.5%. Bacterial strains that produced extended-spectrum β-lactamase included E. coli (79 of 325 strains, 24.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9 of 177 strains, 7.7%), and Proteus mirabilis (6 of 55 strains, 10.9%). The proportion of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains increased from previous surveillance reports.

Some chemicals can promote the differentiation of stem cells and the formation of hard tissues. In this study, the effects of transferrin on calcified nodule formation were evaluated using bone marrow cells obtained from the femora of Fischer 344 rats. Transferrin was added to the culture medium to promote the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells among the bone marrow cells into osteoblasts or chondroblasts. Calcified nodule formation was confirmed macroscopically in the culture medium and evaluated quantitatively by measuring Ca2+in the solution after demineralization using formic acid. The cells were cultured in 2 ml of minimum essential medium with 20 μl of solution containing 100, 200 or 400 ng of transferrin. Dexamethasone was also added to the medium at 10 nmol. Subculturing was performed for 2 weeks. The concentration of Ca2+after decalcification of the calcified nodule formed in the bone marrow cell culture with dexamethasone was approximately 10 mg/ml. The addition of 100~200 ng of transferrin to the bone marrow cell culture resulted in the maximum concentration of Ca2+and size of the formed calcified nodule in the medium. For calcified nodule formation by bone marrow cells, the optimal concentration of transferrin in the culture medium was suggested to be 200 ng in 2 ml. This study suggested that transferrin is beneficial together with dexamethasone. It may play an important role in bone formationin vivo.

事物（entity）を表す名詞が，可算名詞として具現されるか不可算名詞として 具現されるかは，その事物に境界線があるかどうかによる。境界線がある場合は， 「分離した，ばらばらの」（discrete）存在として認識され，可算名詞として扱われ， 境界線がない場合は，「連続した」（continuous）存在として認識され，不可算名 詞として扱われる。この区別により多くの事例の可算・不可算性が説明できるが， 一筋縄ではいかない現象が英語には多く存在する。本稿では，このような事例を 考察することで，英語の可算名詞と不可算名詞の使い分けの複雑な側面を提示す る。最後に，「交通渋滞」を表すtraffic jamとtraffic congestionの違いについて考 察し，可算名詞と不可算名詞の使い分けの手がかりとしたい。

In chronic myeloid leukemia, resistance against BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors can develop because of BCR-ABL1 mutations, activation of additional pro-oncogenic pathways, and stem cell resistance. Drug combinations covering a broad range of targets may overcome resistance. CDDO-Me (bardoxolone methyl) is a drug that inhibits the survival of leukemic cells by targeting different pro-survival molecules, including STAT3. We found that CDDO-Me inhibits proliferation and survival of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant BCR-ABL1+ cell lines and primary leukemic cells, including cells harboring BCR-ABL1T315I or T315I+ compound mutations. Furthermore, CDDO-Me was found to block growth and survival of CD34+/CD38− leukemic stem cells (LSC). Moreover, CDDO-Me was found to produce synergistic growth-inhibitory effects when combined with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These drug-combinations were found to block multiple signaling cascades and molecules, including STAT3 and STAT5. Furthermore, combined targeting of STAT3 and STAT5 by shRNA and STAT5-targeting drugs also resulted in synergistic growth-inhibition, pointing to a new efficient concept of combinatorial STAT3 and STAT5 inhibition. However, CDDO-Me was also found to increase the expression of heme-oxygenase-1, a heat-shock-protein that triggers drug resistance and cell survival. We therefore combined CDDO-Me with the heme-oxygenase-1 inhibitor SMA-ZnPP, which also resulted in synergistic growth-inhibitory effects. Moreover, SMA-ZnPP was found to sensitize BCR-ABL1+ cells against the combination ‘CDDO-Me+ tyrosine kinase inhibitor’. Together, combined targeting of STAT3, STAT5, and heme-oxygenase-1 overcomes resistance in BCR-ABL1+ cells, including stem cells and highly resistant sub-clones expressing BCR-ABL1T315I or T315I-compound mutations. Whether such drug-combinations are effective in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant patients with chronic myeloid leukemia remains to be elucidated.

Using a murine model, we investigated whether allogeneic umbilical cord blood cell （UCBC） transplantation facilitates immune reconstitution with functional maturity in comparison with bone marrow cell （BMC） transplantation. UCBCs and BMCs prepared from green fluorescent protein （GFP）-transgenic C57BL/6 （H-2b） mice were transferred into BALB/c （H-2d） mice that had been subjected to lethal total body X-ray irradiation. Although UCBC-transplanted mice showed poorer survival than BMC-transplanted mice for the same number of transplanted cells, increasing the number of transplanted UCBCs improved survival with an increase of donorderived GFP+ cell engraftment. Flow cytometric analysis revealed development of GFP+ immune cells of donor origin, including T cells, B cells, monocytes, and granulocytes, in the peripheral blood of both sets of recipient mice. Furthermore, the functional maturity of T and B cells involved in adaptive immunity following allogeneic UCBCand BMC-transplantation was assessed in T- and B-deficient RAG2-/-BALB/c mice. Both sets of recipients showed complete rejection of third-party C3H （H-2k） skin grafts and antibody responses to the T cell-dependent antigen, 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin, with immunoglobulin class switching. These results suggest that UCBCs have essentially the same ability as BMCs to reconstitute a functional adaptive immune system, even in an allogeneic environment., 弘前医学. 66, 2016, p.162-175

Diverse natural products are synthesized in plants by specialized metabolic enzymes, which are often lineage-specific and derived from gene duplication followed by functional divergence. However, little is known about the contribution of primary metabolism to the evolution of specialized metabolic pathways. Betalain pigments, uniquely found in the plant order Caryophyllales, are synthesized from the aromatic amino acid l-tyrosine (Tyr) and replaced the otherwise ubiquitous phenylalanine-derived anthocyanins. This study combined biochemical, molecular and phylogenetic analyses, and uncovered coordinated evolution of Tyr and betalain biosynthetic pathways in Caryophyllales. We found that Beta vulgaris, which produces high concentrations of betalains, synthesizes Tyr via plastidic arogenate dehydrogenases (TyrAa /ADH) encoded by two ADH genes (BvADHα and BvADHβ). Unlike BvADHβ and other plant ADHs that are strongly inhibited by Tyr, BvADHα exhibited relaxed sensitivity to Tyr. Also, Tyr-insensitive BvADHα orthologs arose during the evolution of betalain pigmentation in the core Caryophyllales and later experienced relaxed selection and gene loss in lineages that reverted from betalain to anthocyanin pigmentation, such as Caryophyllaceae. These results suggest that relaxation of Tyr pathway regulation increased Tyr production and contributed to the evolution of betalain pigmentation, highlighting the significance of upstream primary metabolic regulation for the diversification of specialized plant metabolism., NERC (NE/K009303/1), BBSRC (via University of York) (POC-OCT15-02)

Post wall waveguides consist of dielectric or metallic cylinders for microwave around 4 GHz were experimentally and numerically investigated. The structure attracts interests for application of transmission circuit for three-dimensionally integrated planar circuit in millimeter wavelength. In straight waveguide with dielectric cylinders, confinement of microwave is poor, when the post wall was composed of a pair of single row of cylinders. The confinement was improved as increase of rows of post wall. In metallic cylinders, microwave was well confined even when a pair of single row of cylinders composed the waveguide. After confirming confinement of the electromagnetic field, Y-shaped branches of post wall waveguide consisted of dielectric cylinders for microwave were similarly investigated for dielectric rods. The confinement was also improved by increase of post wall up to 3 layers. These results are applicable for fundamental design and fabrication of integrated circuit for microwave and millimeter wave.

平成28年度宇宙輸送シンポジウム（2017年1月19日-20日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所（JAXA)(ISAS)）, 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Transportation Symposium FY2016 (January 19-20, 2017. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000086007, レポート番号: STCP-2016-007

College students'acquisition of English pronunciation does not seem to progress at the same rate as self-taught aural materials do.In this article,therefore.I will first examine by questionnaire,their acquistion of English word pronunciation as it is and then I will consider the relationship between their acquisition and their mastery of the phonetic alphabet.

The snow load when the wooden building in Fukui Prefecture was damaged by heavy snowfall in 2011 is estimated. And the strength of wooden buildings for snow load is discussed in total with the buildings damaged in 2006.

日本人学習者が書く英語には特徴的な問題点がある。本稿では、日本人大学生が書く英語の問題点を取り上げ、その問題点を日本の英語教育という観点から考察する。

The snow load when the wooden buildings were damaged by "1981 heavy snowfall" is estimated, and the strength of wooden buildings for snow load in Fukui Prefecture is discussed. As a result, it is explained that strength of the wooden building is related to snow load for design of the area. This study shows good agreement with the study of the case of "2001 heavy snowfall" on this point.

Purpose Oxidative stress damage to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of canolol against oxidative stress-induced cell death in ARPE-19 cells and its underlying mechanism. Methods ARPE-19 cells, a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, were subjected to oxidative stress with 150 μM t-butyl hydroxide (t-BH) in the presence/absence of canolol in different concentrations. Cell viabilities were monitored by a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC and PI staining and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by a fluorescence spectrophotometer. Gene expression of NF-E2-related factor (Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), catalase and glutathione S-transferase-pi (GST-pi) were measured by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) assay. Activation of the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) protein was evaluated by western blot analysis. Results Canolol showed relatively high safety for ARPE-19 cells and recovered the cell death caused by t-BH dose-dependently at a concentration of 50–200 μM. Canolol also reduced t-BH-induced intracellular ROS generation and thus protected ARPE-19 cells from cell apoptosis. HO-1, catalase, GST-pi, and Nrf-2 were elevated in ARPE-19 cells after treatment with different concentrations of canolol for 24 h. Finally, canolol was found to activate extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells under the condition, with or without t-BH. Conclusions Canolol protected ARPE-19 cells from t-BH-induced oxidative damage and the protective mechanism was associated, at least partly, with the upregulation (activation) of antioxidative enzymes, probably through an ERK mediated pathway. This suggests that canolol offers a remarkable protective effect against oxidative damage of RPE cells and may have a therapeutic effect on AMD and other oxidative stress-related retinal diseases.

The snow load when the wooden building in Fukui Prefecture was damaged by "the 2006 heavy snowfall" is estimated from temperature and precipitation. From the result, it is explained that the complete or half destruction load of the wooden building in Fukui Prefecture is related to snow load for design of the area where there is the building.

平成27年度宇宙輸送シンポジウム（2016年1月14日-15日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所（JAXA)(ISAS)）, 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Transportation Symposium FY2015 (January 14-15, 2016. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000050020, レポート番号: STCP-2015-021

平成27年度宇宙輸送シンポジウム（2016年1月14日-15日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所（JAXA)(ISAS)）, 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Transportation Symposium FY2015 (January 14-15, 2016. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000050018, レポート番号: STCP-2015-019

application/pdf, 論文(Article), In this paper a novel absorbing boundary condition for the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method based on extrapolation is presented. By considering correction of the extrapolation with respect to FDTD scheme, further improvement of absorption is achieved. It is demonstrated that the proposed method shows better absorption performance than the Mur’s absorbing boundary condition, and much smaller computer memory consumption than the Berenger’s perfectly matched layer.

平成26年度宇宙輸送シンポジウム（2015年1月15日-16日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所（JAXA)(ISAS)）, 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Transportation Symposium FY2014 (January 15-16, 2015. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000036042, レポート番号: STCP-2014-042

A 74-year-old female consulted our hospital for follow up of bilateral megaureter. She requested continued follow-up, but in February 2009, she had gross hematuria. We could not make a diagnosis by drip infusion pyelography and retropyelography, so enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance-urography were performed. They revealed right ureteral cancer with severe megaureter. Right nephroureterectomy and partial cystectomy was performed in August 2009. The pathological findings were urothelial carcinoma. She did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy and has had no recurrence for 6 months.

著者等の方法は単発腫瘍に対して特に有用である可能性が示唆された.表在性膀胱癌の再発予防療法は腫瘍数によって層別化する必要がある, Between November 1994 and July 1996, 45 patients with superficial bladder tumor were assigned to two groups before transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Twenty-one of the 45 patients were instilled with 20 mg epirubicin before endoscopic resection then continuously irrigated with 40 micrograms/ml epirubicin solution for 20 hours immediately after surgery; 24 of the 45 patients received continuous irrigation with saline in the same manner. The patients were assessed by cystoscopy and urinary cytology every 3 months during the first 2 years and every 6 months thereafter. One year recurrence-free rates in the treated and control groups were 56% and 32%, respectively. The recurrence-free period tended to be longer in the treated group than in the control group, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.17). One year recurrence-free rates in the treated and control groups for the patients with solitary tumor were 88% and 48%, respectively, the difference being marginally significant (p = 0.06). These results suggested that continuous bladder irrigation with epirubicin was effective for patients with a single tumor. Therefore, the long-term prophylactic therapy for a single tumor was an overtreatment. Prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer was proposed to be stratified by the number of tumors, single or multiple.

1)f-PSAとc-PSA測定系とも各抗原を特異的に測定し, t-PSA測定系はf-PSAとc-PSAを1:1の割合で測定していた. 2)f/t%とf/c%は共にPCaにおいてA1やB0のような早い病期からnon PCaと有意差が認められた. 3)t-PSAとc-PSA及びf/t%とf/c%のROC曲線における差は殆ど認められず, c-PSAの診断上の有用性はt-PSAと同等と思われた.f-PSA単独では有用性が認められなかった. 4)t-PSAが4～10ng/mlの検体においてはf/t%とf/c%がPSA-Dと同様に前立腺癌の診断に有効であった. 5)前立腺体積40ml以上でt-PSAが10ng/ml以下では癌でない確率が高い, We studied the clinical significance of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) ratio: free-PSA/total-PSA and free-PSA/complex-PSA to discriminate between prostate cancer (PC) and prostate benign disease (non-PCa) by using total-PSA, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin complexed (complex)-PSA and free-PSA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits newly developed at EIKEN Chemical Co, Ltd. Fre-PSA and complex-PSA ELISA kits demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. Total-PSA ELISA kit also demonstrated equimolarity for free-PSA and complex-PSA. On the total-PSA range of 4-10 ng/ml, free-PSA/total-PSA% (f/t%) and free-PSA/complex-PSA% (f/c%) were very useful to discriminate between PCa and non-PCa by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis as well as PSA density (PSA-D) but not free-PSA level. F/t% and f/c% were even useful to discriminate early stage PCa (i.e. A1 or B0) from non-PCa by the Mann-Whitney U-test.

対象は前立腺肥大症56例, 前立腺限局癌36例, 局所進行癌が20例, 転移癌22例.治療前保存血清のfree PSA(F)とtotal PSA(T)をchemiluminescent enzyme immunoassayにて測定.骨転移はSolowayの分類に基づきEODに分類.臨床病期との相関にはSpearmanの順位相関を用い検定.F/T比は前立腺癌では非癌よりも有意に低値を示した.非転移癌56例と転移癌22例では有意差を認めず.臨床病期との相関はtPSAはfPSAやF/T比よりも優れていた.骨転移限局群と広範群でF/T比に有意差は認めなかった, The value of the free-to-total serum prostate-specific antigen (f/t PSA) ratio was compared with that of the total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) value for the prediction of clinical stage in patients with prostate cancer. The f/t PSA ratio was obtained from the frozen sera of 56 untreated patients with histologically proven BPH and 78 patients with prostate cancer. The clinical stage was organ-confined in 36, locally advanced in 20 and metastatic in 22 patients. Serum levels of free PSA (fPSA) and tPSA were determined using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. The f/t PSA ratio was calculated by dividing the fPSA value by the tPSA value and was compared with tPSA and fPSA in the correlation with clinical stage via the Spearman rank correlation test. Patients with prostate cancer had a significantly lower f/t PSA ratio than patients with BPH. The f/t PSA ratio did not differ between patients with clinically localized and metastatic cancer. tPSA and fPSA reflected the clinical stage and the extent of bone metastasis more accurately than the f/t PSA ratio. The extent of bone metastasis had no effect on the PSA ratio. The f/t PSA ratio had no additional value in clinical staging compared to tPSA. Our study suggests that the f/t PSA ratio does not reflect tumor load.

イオン性DDAOと中性DDAOからなるDDAOミセルの表面エネルギーをミセル表面の格子模型をもとにモンテカルロ法を用いて計算した。その結果、イオン性DDAOの割合α_Mに対する表面エネルギーの依存性を得た。また、DDAO間に生じる水素結合がミセルの物理的特性を決定する際に大きな役割を果たしていることがわかった。特にDDAO1個あたり2本の水素結合が存在するという計算結果を得た。塩の効果や温度依存性についても議論する。, この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。, 研究会報告

A 68-year-old-man with chief complaints of pollakisuria and lower abdominal discomfort was referred to our hospital on September 19, 1983. A histopathological study of the transrectal needle biopsy specimens revealed a malignant tumor of the prostate with spindle-shaped cells. The patient had been considerably improved by radiotherapy. However, 9 years later, the tumor recurred and the histopathological study showed the same findings as the initial biopsy and furthermore the recurrent tumor was diagnosed as a leiomyosarcoma of the prostate by immunohistochemical stain. He was unresponsive to chemotherapy and died 11 years after initial diagnosis.

A case of bilateral testicular Leydig cell tumor with left adrenocortical adenoma in a 27-year-old male is presented. He underwent bilateral radical orchiectomy, and was diagnosed with a malignant Leydig cell tumor. Computed tomography revealed left adrenal mass and primary adrenal tumor or metastatic malignant Leydig cell tumor was suspected. Left adrenalectomy was performed and the histopathological diagnosis was adrenal cortical adenoma. The adrenal cortex and testicle are of common mesodermal origin and the histologic pattern may overlap. Examination of the adrenal gland is necessary for patients with testicular Leydig cell tumor. We review and briefly discuss a case recently reported in Japan.

大学生に音声習得の現状に関するアンケート調査を行った。本稿では、その調査結果の一部を報告し、中学校英語教師に代表される教授者の問題点を探ることにする。

Immunomodulatory effects of oily formulated SMANCS, a polymer conjugated derivative of the proteinsceous antibiotic neocarzinostatin, after oral administrations to mice was investigated. The oral administrations of SMANCS, dissolved in medium-chain triglyceride containing phosphatidylcholine and polyglycerine dioleate (oily SMANCS), resulted in: (1) augmentation of NK cell activity in naive mice, (2) activation of macrophage cytostasis in naive mice, (3) enhancement of the generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in mice immunized with allogeneic lymphocytes, (4) production of circulating interferon in naive mice, and (5) increase of delayed-type hypersensitivity response in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells. The degree of immunomodulation orally stimulated with oily SMANCS was similar to that of the immunomodulation induced by i.v. or i.p. administrations of aqueous formulated SMANCS (aqueous SMANCS). Although SMANCS is a protein drug that may be digestable by various enzymes present in the stomach, in the present study immunomodulating activities of SMANCS were clearly demonstrated when an oily formulation of the compound was administered to mice orally. Since aqueous SMANCS administered parenterally and oily SMANCS administered orally exhibit the same immunomodulatory activities and the former has demonstrated antitumor activity in man and animals, the latter may possess this same antitumor activity.

Textured Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8/Ag composite tapes were fabricated by both doctor blade process and dip-coating process applying partial melting and subsequent slow cooling. Texturing significantly improved current transfer across the grain boundaries and increased transport J_c. At 4.2K, J_c values well above 10^5A/cm^2 were obtained up to 25T for the doctor blade processed tapes. Small coils with 50-70 turns were fabricated using the tapes prepared by the continuous dip-coating process. 0.6T and 0.36T were generated by the coils in bias field of 12T and 25T at 4.2K, respectively.

25歳, 妊娠36週.妊娠後期に膀胱タンポナーデにて発症した膀胱血管腫の1例を経験した.妊娠中の循環動態の変化が血尿を高度にせしめたと推察される, We report a case of bladder hemangioma manifesting bladder tamponade during pregnancy. A 25-year-old woman at 36 weeks of gestation was admitted with a two-week history of gross hematuria and clot retention. Blood hemoglobin concentration was 6.3 g/dl. After blood transfusion and Caesarian section, cystoscopy was performed. Bleeding was noticed from a strawberry-like tumor 5 mm in diameter near the right ureteral orifice, which was easily resected endoscopically. Histopathological diagnosis was cavernous hemangioma of the urinary bladder. This is the first report of a case of bladder hemangioma during pregnancy.

Using a Dornier HM3 lithotripter, we treated 1, 000 patients with renal and ureteral stones from April, 1986 to July, 1989. They consisted of 612 solitary stones (pelvic stones, 152; calyceal stones, 167; ureteral stones, 293), 265 multiple stones and 123 staghorn calculi (complete, 48; partial, 75). The overall rate of the auxiliary procedure was 59.3% (pre-operative, 47.9%; post-operative, 11.4%). Pre-operative procedure included 430 catheterizations, 26 percutaneous nephrostomies (PNSs) and 23 pyelograms . Post-operative procedure included 69 transurethral lithotripsy , 21 PNSs, 26 percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNLs), 6 meatotomy , 5 chemolysis and 1 open surgery. 484 (68.3%) in 709 good follow-up cases were stone-free at the time of 3 months since the first extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Complications were pain (34.8%), fever (4.3%), pain & fever (8.5%), subcapsular hematoma (0.1%) and ureteral obstruction (0.1%). Thus, ESWL is considered to be a useful means for renal and ureteral stones and in the case of large stone the combination therapy with PNL is more effective than ESWL-monotherapy.

2年前に肺腺癌で外科治療を受けた45歳主婦で, 追跡CTで左腎腫瘍が指摘された.7ヵ月間の観察中に最大直径は1cmから3cmに増大した.倍増時間が40日と短い事は腫瘍が転移性であることを示唆したが, 腹部超音波検査, 血管造影, 及びCTは原発腎細胞癌を除外しなかった.左腎摘除を行った.組織学的に肺腺癌の転移と診断された.術後13ヵ月に肺再発を持ち生存している, A 45-year-old house-wife, who had undergone surgical treatment for lung adenocarcinoma 2 years previously, presented with a left renal mass detected by follow-up CT. During 7 months of observation, it rapidly enlarged from 1 cm to 3 cm in maximum diameter. Although the short doubling time (40 days) suggested that the tumor was metastatic, abdominal urtrasonography, angiography and CT scan did not exclude primary renal cell carcinoma. Left nephrectomy was performed. Histologically, the tumor proved to be metastasis from the previous lung adenocarcinoma. She has been alive with pulmonary recurrence 13 months after nephrectomy. The doubling time of the tumor may be one of the key factors in differentiating a metastatic renal tumor from a primary carcinoma.

A 77-year-old woman with a previous history of pelvic fracture had suffered from recurrent cystitis. In the excretory urography, post-void upright film revealed the bladder hernia associated with the bladder diverticulum. Transurethral incision and fulguration of the bladder diverticulum and left inguinal herniography was performed. There has been no recurrence since then.

We report a case of gastric diverticulum difficult to differentiate from left adrenal tumor. A 58-year-old woman was admitted for the examination of right renal cyst. Ultrasonogram and abdominal CT scan revealed 3 cm mass at the upper pole of the left kidney. Operation was performed with diagnosis of left adrenal incidentaloma, but no evident tumor was explored. Postoperative X-ray of upper gastrointestine revealed the mass as a gastric diverticulum.

The optimal control law that minimizes the gust responses of an airplane's longitudinal motion is obtained, making assumptions that the airplane is approximated as a point and that aeroelastic problem is ignored. The airplane gust-alleviation problem has been treated mainly in the frequency domain because of the simplicity of the input-output relations for the power spectra. But in the optimal control problem, the approach in the time domain, applying the optimal stochastic control theory, seems to have more advantages for investigating such a complex control as gust-alleviation. The system state equations consist of the short-period equation of an airplane and the gust shaping filter. The optimal linear control law is derived by applying the Matrix Minimum Principle which minimizes the R.M.S. values of the normal acceleration and the pitch rate at the center of gravity. The results of the numerical calculation for two types of control systems, one being the linkage-control system and the other the independent-control system, are shown in the case of a conventional transport. The latter system is ascertained to have a fairly better performance. The optimal system is also ascertained to have very low sensitivity to the change of the scale of turbulence.