Search

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to investigate whether the sequence of oocyte retrieval and salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx affects pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) patients.Study DesignThere were 1,610 bilateral hydrosalpinx patients who underwent laparoscopy salpingectomy and IVF-ET/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) from January 2009 to December 2018. They were divided into two groups: oocyte retrieval first group: 235 accepted oocyte retrieval before salpingectomy; operation first group: 1,375 accepted oocyte retrieval after salpingectomy. The basic information and pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were compared. The pregnancy outcomes and influencing factors were analyzed among patients at different starting times of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) or oocyte retrieval after the salpingectomy.ResultsPatients in the oocyte retrieval first group had higher levels of basal follicle stimulating hormone and lower anti-Mullerian hormone levels (P P P > 0.05). The live birth rates of patients ≥35 years old in the operation first group and the oocyte retrieval first group were not significantly different (29.3% vs. 23.3%, P = 0.240). After adjusting for age and antral follicle count (AFC), oocyte retrieval 4–6 and 7–12 months after the operation had higher accumulated pregnancy rates [OR 1.439 (1.045–1.982), P = 0.026; OR 1.509 (1.055–2.158), P = 0.024] and higher accumulated live birth rates [OR 1.419 (1.018–1.977), P = 0.039; OR 1.544 (1.068–2.230), P = 0.021]. No significant difference was observed in the pregnancy outcomes of frozen embryo transfer at different times after salpingectomy (P > 0.05).ConclusionNo contamination of the embryo or infection was observed in patients who underwent oocyte retrieval before the operation. The interval between the operation and frozen embryo transfer did not affect the pregnancy outcomes. After adjusting for age and AFC, patients who underwent oocyte retrieval 4–6 and 7–12 months after the operation had higher accumulated pregnancy rates and live birth rates.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Profiles of pMF272, pMF-272-cad1, pMF-272-cad1-mttA and pMF-272- mttA::GFP. Table S1. Primers for gene identification. Figure S2. (A) PCR verification of the vector construction. M: marker; 1: cad1 gene in pMF-272-cad1; 2: cad1 gene in pMF-272-cad1-mttA; 3: mttA gene in pMF-272-cad1-mttA; 4: Pcbh-1 in pMF-272-cad1-mttA. (B) PCR verification of recombinant strains N. crassa 9720-pMF272-cad1 (CAD), 9720-pMF272-cad1-mttA (MttA) and 9720-pMF272 (PMF). M: marker; 1-3: cad1 gene in the strain CADs; 4-6: mttA gene in the strain MttAs; 7: Pccg-1+gfp in the strain PMF (~1600 bp); mttA+gfp in the strains of fusion expression of mttA and GFP (1626 bp). Figure S3. (A) Score visualizing of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). (B) Volcano plots of differential metabolites in CAD vs PMF and MttA vs PMF on Day 2 and Day 4. Red and blue dots respectively denote the upregulated and downregulated differential metabolites in the CAD and MttA groups, compared with those in the PMF group. Table S2. Differential metabolites and common differential metabolites in CAD vs PMF and MttA vs PMF on Day 2 and Day 4. Figure S4. (A) Volcano plots of differently expressed genes in MttA vs PMF. Red and green dots respectively denote the upregulated and downregulated differential metabolites (P-value1) in the MttA groups compared with those in the PMF group. KOG (B), and KEGG (C) enrichment analysis of the differently expressed genes in MttA vs PMF. Figure S5. Changes in expression levels of MAPK signaling pathway related genes in MttA compared with PMF. Figure S6. Comparison of β-glucosidase activities between PMF and MttA strains. T-tests were conducted to evaluate statistical significance at p < 0.05(*). Table S3. Primers in vector construction.

BackgroundAdenomyosis is commonly encountered in infertile women; however, it is still unclear whether adenomyosis has a detrimental effect on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcomes.MethodWe enrolled 1146 patients with adenomyosis and 1146 frequency-matched control women in a 1:1 ratio based on age, BMI, and basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level. After controlling for other factors, the rates of clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, live birth, and obstetric complications were compared between two groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate between the two groups (38.1% vs. 41.6%; P=0.088). The implantation rate (25.6% versus 28.6%, P=0.027) and live birth rate (26% versus 31.5%, P=0.004) were significantly lower in the women with adenomyosis than in the controls. The miscarriage rate in the adenomyosis group was higher than that in the control group (29.1% versus 17.2%, P=0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate analysis showed the clinical pregnancy rate was not statistically different between the two groups (OR: 0.852, P=0.070). In the adenomyosis group, the rate of miscarriage(OR: 1.877, P=0.000), placenta previa (OR: 2.996, P=0.042)and preeclampsia (OR: 2.287, P=0.042)were increased significantly, while live birth rate (OR: 0.541, P=0.000) was reduced significantly than control group.ConclusionAdenomyosis has negative effect on IVF-ET outcomes in which miscarriage risk increased, live birth rate reduced and obstetric complications increased.

The berries of Lycium barbarum L. (Goji) are widely used as a Chinese traditional herbal medicine and functional food because of their reported beneficial pharmacological effects. However, there are reports of Goji berries being contaminated by chemical residues that could pose a hazard to humans. In this study, samples of L. barbarum L. berries were collected from plantations in a genuine production area and supermarkets in Ningxia, China. The major hazardous chemicals, including pesticides (dichlorvos, omethoate, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, malathion, and deltamethrin) and metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As)), were quantified by gas chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. In addition, associated daily exposures and health risks were determined using deterministic and probabilistic assessments. The levels of five pesticides from the plantation samples were considerably lower than the maximum residue limits; only dichlorvos was detected in the supermarket samples, and deltamethrin was not detected in any samples. Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Ni and Cd were detected in samples from both sources. The hazard quotient values of individual hazardous chemicals and the hazard index of combined hazardous chemicals were considerably less than 1, indicating the absence of a non-carcinogenic effect of hazardous chemical exposures through Goji berry consumption. The R value of As was much less than 10–6, which shows that consumption of the Goji berries had no obvious carcinogenic risks. The potentially harmful effects of the L. barbarum L. are more likely from berries obtained from plantations than those from supermarkets, and metal exposure is more dangerous than pesticide exposure. However, on the basis of our analysis, no population would be exposed hazardous chemicals exceeding existing standards, and the factors most affecting the health risk were exposure frequency and As content.

In the long distance distributed optic-fiber sensing system, the polarization state of output light tends to drift, which influences the sensing system interference effect. Aiming at the typical Mach-Zehnder distributed optic-fiber leak detection system, analyzes theoretically the influence of polarization degradation on the system performance, elaborates the technologies using the PDR and FRM to control the polarization state. Simulation results indicate these two technologies can achieve good effect of polarization control.