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The effects of indoramin (n = 29) and metoprolol (n = 15) on lipid profiles in hypertensive patients were compared in a double-blind study. Blood samples were taken at baseline, weeks 3 and 4 of placebo administration, and after 4 and 8 weeks of active treatment. The following assays were performed: total cholesterol, total triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL3 cholesterol, and apoproteins A, AI, and B. The following values were calculated: HDL2 cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (Castelli risk ratio I), and LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (Castelli risk ratio II). The results of an overall analysis showed the following significant changes (mean +/- SD) for indoramin: LDL cholesterol, from 129.50 +/- 38.29 to 114.00 +/- 32.41 mg/dl (p less than or equal to 0.001); apoprotein A, from 169.51 +/- 39.83 to 232.48 +/- 34.08 mg/dl (p less than or equal to 0.001); apoprotein AI, from 105.62 +/- 20.70 to 134.68 +/- 21.58 mg/dl; apoprotein B, from 110.13 +/- 34.88 to 122.34 +/- 32.13 mg/dl (p less than or equal to 0.05); and Castelli risk ratio II, from 2.38 to 1.96 (p less than or equal to 0.01). The following significant variations occurred for metoprolol: total cholesterol, from 201.54 +/- 49.21 to 191.80 +/- 51.88 mg/dl (p less than or equal to 0.05); apoprotein A, from 186.78 +/- 62.63 to 227.68 +/- 44.78 mg/dl (p less than or equal to 0.001); apoprotein AI, from 109.12 +/- 34.72 to 131.95 +/- 21.79 mg/dl (p less than or equal to 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Background Three gametoclonal plants of Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan., cv. Nules, designated ESP, FRA, and ITA (derived from three labs in Spain, France, and Italy, respectively), were selected for cytological and molecular characterization in order to elucidate genomic rearrangements provoked by haploidization. The study included comparisons of their ploidy, homozygosity, genome integrity, and gene dosage, using chromosome counting, flow cytometry, SSR marker genotyping, and array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array-CGH). Results Chromosome counting and flow cytometry revealed that ESP and FRA were haploid, but ITA was tri-haploid. Homozygous patterns, represented by a single peak (allele), were observed among the three plants at almost all SSR loci distributed across the entire diploid donor genome. Those few loci with extra peaks visualized as output from automated sequencing runs, generally low or ambiguous, might result from amplicons of paralogous members at the locus, non-specific sites, or unexpected recombinant alleles. No new alleles were found, suggesting the genomes remained stable and intact during gametogenesis and regeneration. The integrity of the haploid genome also was supported by array-CGH studies, in which genomic profiles were comparable to the diploid control. Conclusions The presence of few gene hybridization abnormalities, corroborated by gene dosage measurements, were hypothetically due to the segregation of hemizygous alleles and minor genomic rearrangements occurring during the haploidization procedure. In conclusion, these plants that are valuable genetic and breeding materials contain completely homozygous and essentially intact genomes.