Search

Background: Inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme has been recognized as an important target in the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: In the current work, a series of new N-(4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)cinnamamide derivatives were synthesized and their inhibitory activities against acetyl cholinesterase, butrylcholines terase, and Lipoxygenase were evaluated. Methods: The target compounds were synthesized as the literature reported with some modifications. The AChE, BChE, and LOX inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated using in vitro methods. The docking and kinetic studies were performed for the most potent compounds to evaluate the inhibition mechanism. Results: The structural elucidation of the synthesized imidazo-pyridine derivatives was performed by different spectroscopic techniques including IR, NMR, and Mass. Most of the synthesized compounds demonstrated good AChE, BChE, and LOX inhibitory activities. The most active AChE, BChE, and sLOX-1 inhibitors were found for compounds 4a, 4g, and 4l, respectively. The docking study also revealed that the three compounds, 4a, 4g, and 4l, have important binding interactions with the AChE, BChE, and sLOX-1 enzyme active sites, respectively. Conclusion: The results of current study shows imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives have potential for development of novel drug candidate for AD as AChE, BChE and sLOX-1 inhibitors.

Abstract: Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) is a tingling sensation occurring in response to specific sensory stimuli. Scholarship has yet to investigate what attributes these stimuli possess that allows them to facilitate desirable emotional effects through such atypical psycho-sensorial experiences. In this exploratory investigation, Study 1 utilized machine learning methods to categorize ASMR content based on their sound structures. Four categories emerged that were then used in a second study that utilized an online experiment ( N = 230) to investigate relationships between the categories of sound structures and participants’ psychological experiences of ASMR. These findings help us understand how ASMR content generates arousal and affect that audiences seek.

Quinoa seed, as a rich source of protein with strong antioxidant properties, plays an important role in improving consumers’ nutrition. This study was aimed at comparing the antimicrobial activity of peptides from quinoa hydrolysed proteins (QHP) on Streptococcus pyogenes as a Gram-positive and Escherichia coli as a Gram-negative bacterium with gentamicin antibiotic as a positive control. Different enzymatic ratios of pepsin and alcalase (30–90 AU/kg protein) at different temperatures (50–55°C) and times (150–210 min) were used to determine the optimal conditions for peptide hydrolysis with the highest antimicrobial properties. Similar to gentamicin, the maximum growth inhibition zones were 11.88 ± 0.37 mm and 12.49 ± 0.58 mm for S. pyogenes and E. coli, respectively, with an enzyme/substrate ratio as 60 AU/kg protein, a peptides concentration of 800 μg/ml, and at 50°C for 150 min of hydrolysis. The results showed that QHP has a good inhibitory effect on the bacteria mentioned and can be used as a food preservative.

Detection of pesticide residues in soil samples was conducted using UHPLC-MS/MS. Non-dietary health risk assessment was conducted using calculate chronic daily intake (CDI) from ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact pathways and following non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks in the adults and adolescent. The rank order of pesticide in soil based on their concentration was malathion (0.082 mg kg−1)> cyproconazole (0.019 mg kg−1)> propargite (0.018 mg kg−1)> butachlor (0.016 mg kg−1) > chlorpyrifos (0.0067 mg kg−1)> diazinon (0.0014 mg kg−1)> imidacloprid (0.0007 mg kg−1). Hazard index (HI) values obtained of exposure to pesticides in soil in adults and adolescent were 0.0012 and 0.0035, respectively. Hence, exposed population are at the acceptable range of non-carcinogenic risk (HI < 1). Cancer risk (CR) values due to propargite in soil via ingestion pathway in adults and adolescent were 2.03E–09 and 2.08E–09, respectively; therefore, carcinogenic risk due to the exposure to pesticide contaminated soil was safe range (CR < 1E–06).

In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from pistachio nut shell precursor as agricultural by-product. The prepared AC was used to synthesize an efficient nanocomposite via loading of the copper metal and magnetic nanoparticles (Cu-MAC@C4H8SO3H NCs) onto its structure. The structure of the nanocatalyst was characterized by different methods such as FT-IR, TEM, EDS, XRD, VSM, and TGA analysis. The catalytic activity of the prepared composite was tested in a special C–S coupling, namely with the reaction of 2-mercapto-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one with iodobenzene or bromobenzene. The products of the aryl thioquinazoline derivatives were obtained in good yields and in short reaction times and the products were characterized with 1H, 13C NMR and CHNS analysis. On the other hand, with easy and high recovery of Cu-MAC@C4H8SO3H NCs through magnetic separation, a simple and green method to enhance the efficiency of the nanocatalyst has been provided. The nanocatalyst was reused in the next reaction in up to five cycles without obvious activity decrease.

This paper presents a two-step vibration-based strategy for damage identification of framed structures using ensemble bagged trees known as a well-known supervised machine learning (ML) paradigm in conjunction with evolutionary optimization algorithms. The proposed model incorporates the actual response, wavelet coefficients, and wavelet energy to extract damage-sensitive features from the time-domain of the measured and simulated signals. Unlike available studies in this scope, the key objective of this research is to identify damage with a localization precision down to a single structural member, rather than limiting the evaluation to the group of elements. In order to increase the training performance in contributing to extremely large datasets with numerous class labels, the proposed strategy involves the artificial generation of features. Additionally, a modified genetic algorithm is proposed for fast damage localization. It is deduced that the damage locations are confidently detected within a fast computational time. Subsequently, damage identification is followed by the application of evolutionary optimization algorithms. For comparison purpose, the employment of the water cycle optimization algorithm (WCA) is comparatively investigated with the other three state-of-the-art optimizers, i.e., particle swarm optimization (PSO), imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), and differential evolution algorithm (DE). The numerical and experimental validation studies evidence satisfactorily reliable identification results with no false detection in dealing with multiple damage scenarios in large-scale and real-world applications. It is concluded that developing the most damage-sensitive features and using the proposed data fusion strategy lead to informative features with a reasonably small size and significantly improve the ML performance.

Cybersecurity researchers have contributed to the automated extraction of CTI from textual sources, such as threat reports and online articles describing cyberattack strategies, procedures, and tools. The goal of this article is to aid cybersecurity researchers in understanding the current techniques used for cyberthreat intelligence extraction from text through a survey of relevant studies in the literature. Our work finds 11 types of extraction purposes and 7 types of textual sources for CTI extraction. We observe the technical challenges associated with obtaining available clean and labeled data for replication, validation, and further extension of the studies. We advocate for building upon the current CTI extraction work to help cybersecurity practitioners with proactive decision-making such as in threat prioritization and mitigation strategy formulation to utilize knowledge from past cybersecurity incidents.

As with standards in other indoor-environmental quality, standards play also an important role in building and room acoustics field. They are typically expected to a) represent the state of the art in the respective area and b) arbitrate if a building's design and construction meets the mandated requirements. It is thus important to ensure that the standards' mandates are indeed based on sound scientific evidence. Given their utility as a source of guidance for practitioners, the standards of course need not be conceived as scientific treatises. Nonetheless, the respect for and trust in the standardization bodies and the documents they issue is arguably proportional to the strength of their underlying scientific basis. Given this presupposition, the main intention of the present contribution is to examine, via the review of 19 European, American, and international standards in the domain of building and room acoustic, if they provide, either directly or indirectly, evidence with regard to the included requirements and mandates. The results of this review suggest that the majority of the selected acoustic standards provide sparse references to the evidentiary basis of their mandates. Nonetheless, there are also contrary instances, where standards engage, to some degree, the experimental evidence underlying their mandates. A case study of such an instance displays the potential for future developments in developing explicitly evidence-based standards.

We present a new Step Doped Drain and Source Nanowire FET (NWFET) using doping profile engineering to modify the energy band diagram. This transistor exhibits improved electrical characteristics suitable for digital design applications, such as the decreased off-current and subthreshold swing and the increased on-off current ratio. We also present the design of a CMOS inverter based on the proposed SDDS-NWFET. The voltage transfer characteristic (VTC) of the inverter exhibits higher noise margins compared to the inverter using traditional NWFET. All the delay parameters of the SDDS-NWFET-based inverter have higher values, which can be varied by changing the step doping concentration, NSD. Consequently, this inverter provides flexibility in the design of ring oscillators for a wide range of oscillation frequencies. We present simulation results to demonstrate the variation of the propagation delay of SDDS-NWFET-based CMOS inverter and the oscillation frequency of CMOS ring oscillator by changing NSD. Mathematical functions for the average propagation delay and fosc versus NSD are proposed. The instantaneous current and power as well as the average DC supply power are calculated to demonstrate the dependency of the power consumption of the proposed Nanowire device-based oscillator on the varying NSD. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

This is a report of a novel variant of the α1-globin gene—(α1) α51 Gly > Cys (CE9), c.154 GGC > TGC, named Hb Mazandaran, which was observed in an Iranian family. This variant gives rise to a previously undescribed haemoglobin variant that was undetectable by capillary haemoglobin electrophoresis (CE). This variant was detected in two cases in combination with β-globin mutation, and it does not seem to be associated with severe haematological abnormalities in the carriers.

Background. Nurses experience caring burdens, which can affect their caring behaviors. Caring for highly infectious patients, in particular COVID-19, is a new phenomenon and little is known about it. Considering that caring behaviors can be influenced by various factors and cultural differences of the society, it is necessary to conduct studies about caring behaviors and caring burdens. Thus, this study aimed to determine caring behavior and caring burden and their relationship with some associated factors among nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional, descriptive design study was conducted by census sampling on 134 nurses working in public health centers in East Guilan, the north of Iran, in 2021. The research instruments included the Caring Behavior Inventory (CBI-24) and the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 20 with a significant level of 0.05. Results. The mean score of caring behavior and caring burden in nurses was 126.50 (SD = 13.63) and 43.65 (SD = 25.16), respectively. There was a significant relationship between caring behavior and some demographic characteristics (education, place of living, and history of COVID-19) and between caring burden and some demographic characteristics (housing status, job satisfaction, intention to change job, and history of COVID-19) ( p

Absatract: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the most prevalent types of neoplasms worldwide. The incidence of GI cancers is increasing rapidly. Despite all advances in the management of GI cancers, treatment options for these disorders are still limited and there are no effective therapeutic approaches. Hence, finding new treatment strategies seems to be necessary to decrease mortality in patients with such cancers. The application of natural products has found a prominent role in the management of some neoplastic disorders. Resveratrol is a phytochemical found in various fruits and plants such as red grapes and tea. Recently, the effects of resveratrol on the microRNAs in the management of some neoplastic disorders have been investigated. This review is aimed to illustrate the molecular pathways related to resveratrol and evaluate the impacts of resveratrol on the different microRNAs in the milieu of the prevention and treatment of GI cancers.

This research is aimed at analysis 88 pesticides in 30 fresh pistachio samples prepared from stores in Iran by QuEChERS-Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The results showed at least one pesticide was in 67% of fresh pistachio samples. Kresoxim methyl residue was detected in 20 samples with average of 0.11 mg kg− 1, this average is 2.2 times more than MRL. buprofezin in 5 samples with average of 0.17 mg kg− 1 was observed with 3.4 times more than MRL, hexaconazole and permethrin were recognized in 3 samples lower than MRL with average residue of 0.030 and 0.028 mg kg− 1, respectively. In addition, potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk assessments were evaluated using probabilistic methods performed with the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. The order of pesticide ranking based on HQ was hexaconazole > buprofezin > permethrin > kresoxim methyl. Total HQ (HI) was 2.0E-4 and for children 9.0E-4 hence it means fresh pistachio consuming maybe not have significant short-term health risks for cosumers. Ranking based on CR was hexaconazole > kresoxim methyl > metalaxyl > permethrin > buprofezin. However, total CR due to pesticide residues was not higher than 1E-6 value (1.09E-9) therefore, consumers were not at significant risk of carcinogenicity in this product.

Central nervous system cancers (CNS cancers) impose a significant burden upon healthcare systems worldwide. Currently, the lack of a comprehensive study to assess various epidemiological indexes of CNS cancers on national and subnational scales in Iran can hamper healthcare planning and resource allocation in this regard. This study aims to fill this gap by providing estimates of CNS cancer epidemiological measures on national and subnational levels in Iran from 1990 to 2019.This study is a part of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 that contains epidemiological measures including prevalence, incidence, mortality, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) of CNS cancers. Age standardization was utilized for comparing different provinces.In 2019, 5811 (95% Uncertainty Interval: 2942-7046) national new cases and 3494 (1751-4173) deaths due to CNS cancers were reported. National age-standardized incidence (ASIR), deaths (ASDR), and DALYs rates were 7.3 (3.7-8.8), 4.6 (2.3-5.5), and 156.4 (82.0-187.0) per 100,000 in 2019, respectively. Subnational results revealed that ASDR and ASIR have increased in the past 30 years in all provinces. Although incidence rates have increased in all age groups and genders since 1990, death rates have remained the same for most age groups and genders except for young patients aged under 15, where a decrease in mortality and YLLs can be observed.The incidence, deaths, and DALYs of CNS cancers increased at national and subnational levels. These findings should be considered for planning and resource allocation.

This review article focuses on metal–organic framework (MOF) composites and the impact of mixing MOFs with other materials, such as polymers, carbon-based materials, and magnetic particles, to increase their performance to remove metals from water.

Herein, a multifunctional nanobiocomposite was designed for biological application, amongst which hyperthermia cancer therapy application was specifically investigated.

This review focuses on the methodology for the construction of stilbene and stilbene derivatives by C–C coupling reactions of organic compounds in the presence of transition metal catalysts or under metal-free conditions.

In the current study, sodium alginate (SA) and tannic acid (TA), in the presence of calcium chloride as a cross-linker, were used to fabricate a nanocomposite scaffold. With the addition of silk fibroin (SF), the strength of the synthesized composite was increased. Fe

Preparation of many kinds of N-, O-, and S-heterocycles from aryl/alkyl alkynyl aldehydes were investigated in recent years. In this review, the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles using by substituted alkynyl aldehydes is highlighted.