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Traditional blood disease detection based on visual inspection of blood smears using a microscope is time consuming, error-prone, and limited by the physical acuity of the hematologist. To facilitate clinical decision-making, an automated optical image processing system is required. Leukemia is a kind of cancer that is distinguished by the aberrant development of immature, abnormally shaped white blood cells (WBC) known as "blasts." Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells (WBCs) that affects the bone marrow and/or blood. A timely, safe, and accurate diagnosis of leukemia at an early stage is critical to treating and preserving patients' lives. The white blood cells in a blood smear are often examined under a microscope to determine the diagnosis.Many machine learning have been created to diagnose various illnesses, such as leukemia, and to deliver a high mis-classification error rate. As a result, we may use a deep learning system to identify microscope pictures for White Blood Cell Count study. The WBC differential counting system was divided into two modules: detection and classification. The detection module first processed the raw bone smear pictures, detecting all WBCs including red blood cells, platelet counts, staining impurities, and so on. The discovered cells were then sent into the categorization module.The categorization module was divided into two phases. In the first step, we separated a large number of cells, such as crushed cells, degenerated cells, and so on, that are not employed in the diagnosis for leukemia. The countable WBCs were then presented for multi-class separation using the Convolutional neural network technique in the second step

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to the importance of keeping our surroundings clean and disinfected to mitigate the risk of contracting and spreading the virus. The use of ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation has been proven effective in disinfecting air, water, and surfaces, including reducing SARS-CoV-2 virus infectivity on surfaces to below detectable levels. However, limitations exist in the effectiveness of UVC radiation in inactivating viruses, particularly if the virus is not directly exposed to the radiation. This paper proposes a smart electronics system powered by an Arduino to design a 360-degree disinfection device using ultraviolet sterilization to solve the issue. The system aims to sterilize various items and surfaces to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other germs.

BACKGROUND Information processing has substantial role in performing intellectual activities such as thinking, reasoning, remembering, imagining, or learning. Caffeine being a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, improves mental performance, especially on alertness, attention, concentration and learning depending on the quantity of intake. In the present study, an attempt was made to study the effect of caffeine on cognitive processing in healthy individuals. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 subjects at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) questionnaire was utilized to assess the level of cognition of each subject. Visual reaction time (VRT), auditory reaction time (ART) and critical fusion frequency (CFF) prior and after consumption of 75 mg of caffeine in 200 ml of milk, pre and post reaction time measurement were taken from the subject to address the difference in reaction time. RESULTS Both visual and auditory reaction time were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) after intake of caffeine. The ability of the subject to appreciate the flickering light stimuli to be steady (critical flicker fusion frequency) had significantly improved to 15 % after caffeine intake. CONCLUSIONS Decrease in visual and auditory reaction and increase in critical flicker fusion frequency values indicate that caffeine increases alertness thereby it may enhance performance efficiency in reasoning, planning, judgment, organizing, concept formation, and problem solving. KEY WORDS Visual Reaction Time, Auditory Reaction Time, MoCA

The study aims to investigate the Immunohistochemical changes in pancreatic beta cells in fructose fed, streptozocin (STZ) induced Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) rats treated with various doses of leaf extract of Aegle marmelos (AAM) and Aegeline (AG). 42 adult male wistar albino rats were separated into 7 groups, including Vehicle Control (VC); T2DM; T2DM + AAM 250 mg/kg; T2DM + AAM 500 mg/kg; T2DM + AG 20mg/kg; T2DM + AG 50 mg/kg and T2DM + AG 100 mg/kg. Experimental T2DM was created by a single dose of 40 mg/kg STZ injection intra-peritoneally along with 10% of fructose solution given orally for 30 days. Calculated dosages of AAM and AG were given with oral gavage for 30 days. Pancreas was harvested and processed. Slides were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. Insulin expressing beta-cells was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Fructose fed, STZ induced rats showed degenerative expressions in beta-cells. In STZ treated rats, AG reduced the blood glucose concentration and serum insulin levels at the maximum functional dose compared to AAM. The immunohistochemical information suggests that the AG at 100 mg/kg dose has the capability of making the dormant cells to reproduce to restore the lost cells of islets of Langerhans.

A wideband microstrip patch is proposed for 5G communication. Two rectangular slots are etched both from the highest and bottom of the oblong radiator to offer it the form of W and inset-cut feed line respectively. Antenna structure is radiating over wide frequency bands including 4.25 GHz, 7.055GHz, 12.48GHz and 15.26GHz bands. The directivity of the antenna is maximum at frequency 12.48GHz frequency which is used for satellite communications. VSWR obtained at these frequencies are 1.157, 1.052, 1.121 and 1.066. The overall antenna size is 30 X 25 mm2 with a substrate as FR4. Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio Version (CST MWS) tool is employed to style and simulate the proposed antenna structure. Consequently, this antenna has a plus of covering a good range of wireless applications.

The effect of thermal cycling on tensile properties and microstructural characterization of Titanium (Ti–6Al–4V) alloy which were subjected to various types of thermomechanical treatments especially stress relief annealing and solution treated aging were studied and results presented. The specimens were thermally treated at a temperature of 427°C for up to 1500 cycles. The test setup used for thermal treatment of the specimens was a specially designed experimental setup. After thermal treatment the specimens, were prepared for a tensile test to get the desired tensile properties. It was noticed that the maximum tensile strength of the specimen was observed when reached at 250 cycles and thereafter marginally increasing up to 1000 cycles. After 1000 cycles the tensile strength of the specimen decreases. Similarly, the hardness of the specimen increases up to 1000 cycles and then decreases after 1000 cycles, while elongation increases marginally when the cycle increases. Solution-treated aged specimen attains greater strength and hardness when compared to stress relief annealed specimen. With the increased number of cycles, the strength of the specimen when treated with stress relief annealing and solution-treated aging specimen increases. It was observed that the hardness and strength values decrease after 1000 cycles. With an increasing number of cycles, the tensile elongation increased. When compared with both the treatment processes the solution-treated aged specimen shows better results after thermal cycling.

The increased availability of distributed system protections plays a significant role in maintaining the continuity of electrical power supply. The optimization procedure for a distributed system consists of coordinating with overcurrent relay protection using an adaptive overcurrent relay model. Here, the system protection is an important factor since the protection methods play a vital role in distributed systems. The conventional methods have discussed about the power system to reduce the fault current tolerance value by using various optimization algorithms like Antlion and Butterfly optimization techniques. The distributed three-phase system uses the IEEE bus network with adaptive overcurrent relay model, which produces the best output when compared to the conventional method. Here, the particle swarm optimization (C-SBO) procedure is used to improve the relay setting and it reduces the fault current across the relay. The improved swarm optimization algorithm is inspired by the computational optimization of chaos-based satin bowerbird algorithm. The use of overcurrent relay is to detect the fault current by means of short circuit and overload because it disconnects the circuit breaker unit. The simulation process proves that the improvement in protection by adaptive overcurrent delay model in a distributed power system. The distributed power system is designed with SIMULINK model for synthesis and optimization results, which are analyzed by MATLAB for simulation. The overall objective of this proposed system is to reduce the fault current across the relay since it protects the distributed generation system by adding the improved optimization technique.

This paper introduces the specification and performance analysis of broad frequency range antenna for 5 G mobile phones. The suggested antenna functions at the frequency spectrum of 28 GHz and its configuration are permanently matched over very high frequency bands, including 4.25 GHz, 7.055 GHz, 12.48 GHz and 15.26 GHz, as well as for the reallocation of the expanded 5 G spectrum of communications. Mobile terminals are compliant with the antenna that is being built.

The treatment and reuse of industrial wastewater plays a foremost role in succeeding environmental protection and water security. The electrochemical treatment technology has attracted a great deal of attention because of its compact, high particulate removal, free from chemicals, automation, and minimum sludge generation. The objective of the study is to review the existing literature on COD (Chemical oxygen demand) removal from various industrial effluents using electrocoagulation technology, as well as the factors that influence the process. Electricity is passed through electro plates dipped in wastewater during the electrocoagulation process. Metal hydroxide formations occur, which removes pollutants from wastewater via the sedimentation and flotation mechanisms. After a thorough review of various literatures, a detailed discussion on the process influencing parameters such as pH, Current Density, Electrolysis Time, Conductivity, Stirring Speed, and Retention Time has been done which gives useful information on future scope of research in this area.

Rao, V. Chandra (2018). Many foreign academic journals have chosen English as their language of choice. Academic writing is difficult, structured, objective, explicit, ambiguous, and accountable. Much of the time research papers are regularly dismissed because of absence of good composing abilities in English language and absence of utilizing fitting words or sentence structures. English is generally considered and dominatingly utilized for composing scholarly or logical examination papers.

Receptaculum Nelumbinis, the dried seed pod of Nelumbo nucifera, exhibited good efficacy for improving learning and memory abilities. Earlier, studies revealed that Receptaculum Nelumbinis can exert therapeutic effects in diverse disorders like heart failure, neoplasm via anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. In the central nervous system (CNS), Receptaculum Nelumbinis (RN) also has beneficial effects on various disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression, Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebral ischemia, epilepsy, and Huntington's disease (HD). RN also enhances memory and cognition ability of rodents in dissimilar pathological conditions, such as stress exposure, diabetes, aging and high-fat diet (HFD). The effect of noise stress on exploratory, locomotor, and anxiolytic activity in the open-field behavior (OFB) test and the effect of drug RN and active component quercetin, a flavonoid isolated from seedpod in overcoming these changes. Optimistically, getting a vibrant impression concerning the role of RN in the CNS, the present paper summarizes and discusses the pharmacological effects of RN as well as its possible mechanisms in CNS disorder prevention and or therapy.

Model predictive controllers (MPC) utilize a model of the process to optimize the future trajectory using an objective function to obtain a control move plan. Any new MPC implementation requires model identification. The quality of the identified model depends on the information content of the data. Performing step tests to obtain informative data is time-consuming and may not be economical. Since the process data are stored for long-term in industries, this data can be used for identification. But this historical data contain informative data scattered among regions of insignificant variation, long-term disturbance effects, process interruptions, etc. Informative data required for identification can be mined from historical data by using appropriate machine learning techniques. This paper focuses on generating high quality data segments from historical records that can be used for identification of reliable process models for use in any model-based controller such as MPC. An interval-halving-based hierar...

Stress is an unavoidable phenomenon which disturbs the physiological homeostasis. Noise is the highest encountered stressor that affects the well-being of mankind. Hippocampus, a region of the brain crucial for memory is highly influenced by stress and thereby deteriorates memory. Male albino Wistar rats of 11-12 weeks were used in this study. Nelumbo nucifera (NNE) 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) and its active principle Quercetin (QRCT) (40 mg/kg bw) were administered orally to the animals 10 days before noise stress exposure of (100dB 4h/d). Ability to retain information by Learning and spatial memory was assessed using eight-arm radial maze apparatus. It was observed that after noise stress exposure errors in working, reference memory and time period to move into all baited arms were increased; however, the drug pre-treated animals showed a decrease in all the above parameters. The observations in the present work have proved that NNE and QRCT groups were effective in ameliorating the noise stress-induced changes, but the active component quercetin group had a higher protective impact on the changes.

Introduction/Background: Information processing has substantial role in performing intellectual activitiessuch as thinking, reasoning, remembering, imagining, or learning. Caffeine being a CNS stimulant improvesmental performance, especially on alertness, attention, concentration and learning depending on the quantityof intake. In the present study, an attempt is made to study the effect of caffeine on cognitive processing inhealthy individuals.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in 50 subjects at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College& Research Institute. MOCA questionnaire was utilized to assess the level of cognition of each subject.Visual reaction time, auditory reaction time and critical fusion frequency prior and after consumption of 75mg of caffeine in 200 ml of milk.Results: Both visual and auditory reaction time were significantly reduced (p

Banking Sectors in India plays a significant role in the development of the Indian economy and it is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Evidence from across the world suggests that a sound and evolved banking system is required for sustained economic development. India has a better banking system than other developing countries, but there are several issues that need to be ironed out. So for the success of Banking it is very important to manage human resource effectively and to find whether its employees are satisfied or not. A satisfied, happy and hardworking employee is the biggest asset of any organization, including banks. Workforce of any bank is responsible to a large extent for its productivity and profitability. Job satisfaction refers to an individual’s complex attitude towards his job. It is a pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job as achieving as facilitating the achievement of one’s job value. This paper analysis job satisfaction among banks employees – a study with reference to public sector banks in Tiruchirappalli district.

Resting anterior brain electrical activity, self-report measures of Behavioral Approach System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) strength, and common levels of Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) were composed from 46 unselected undergraduates two split occasions Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures of prefrontal asymmetry and the self-report measures showed excellent internal reliability, steadiness and tolerable test-retest stability. Strong connection betweens the unconstrained facial emotional expressions and the full of feeling states correlated cerebrum movement. When seeing dreadful as contrasted with unbiased faces, members showed larger amounts of actuation inside the privilege average prefrontal cortex (PFC). To propose a multimodal method to deal with assess Efficient Practical near Infrared Spectroscopy (EPNIS) signals and EEG signals for full of feeling state identification. Outcomes demonstrate that proposed technique with EPNIS enhances execution over EPNIS methodologies. Based on Experimental evaluations, proposed EPNIS algorithm enhances Mean Time (MT) 209.15 milliseconds, Standard Deviation (SD) 101.4 milliseconds and Accuracy 4.45 % of the proposed framework compared than previous methodologies.

Ground water samples were collected from different localities in and around Karumandapam area, of Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu. Ten groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for hydro-chemical parameter such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD),Chemical oxygen Demand (COD), Calcium(Ca),Magnesium(Mg),Total Hardness (TH), Bicarbonate(HCO3), Chloride (Cl) and Nitrate (NO3) in order to understand the different geochemical processes affecting the groundwater quality. The analytical data were compared with WHO data. The analytical results indicate that the majority groundwater samples are incompatible for drinking purposes. The aquifers of the study area are polluted due to the intersession of sewage are industrial effluents of fertilizers.

Groundwater is the most precious gift of nature to living beings, particularly to the mankind and is essential for life. In recent years, rapid development has created an increased demand for drinking water, which is increasingly being fulfilled by groundwater abstraction. The groundwater samples collected from a panjapur area near korai river Tiruchirappalli district Tamil Nadu India. Groundwater samples collected seasonal variation Pre monsoon (May), Monsoon(August), and Post monsoon (November) during the Year 2014. Ten groundwater samples analyzed for major physicochemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total DissolvedSolids, Total Hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Bicarbonate, Calcium,Magnesium, Sodium,Potassium, Sulphate,Chloride and Nitrate, in order to understand the different geochemical processes affecting the groundwater quality. The analytical data were interpreted using WQI. The Calculated WQI value is (101.6). The analytical results indicate the majority of the groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking purposes. The typical sewage comprising of domestic and other waste is discharged directly into the open land without any proper treatment will cause contamination. This contamination poses serious health impacts in the local residents.The correlation and regression provide an excellent tool for the prediction of parameter values within a reasonable degree of accuracy.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether ethanolic extracts of Nelumbo nucifera (EENN) seedpod and quercetin (active component of NN) possess antibacterial proprieties against Gram (-) bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram (+) bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Antibacterial activities of EENN seedpod and quercetin were investigated using disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration against E. coli and P. aeruginosa and Gram (+) bacteria such as S. aureus. Results: The antibacterial activity of both EENN seedpod and quercetin was found to be increased in dose-dependent manner. The maximum zone of inhibition was exhibited by both EENN seedpod and quercetin against E. coli (14 mm and 15 mm) and P. aeruginosa (13 mm and 15 mm). Gram-negative bacteria were more susceptible to the EENN seedpod extract and quercetin than Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that the effect of EENN seedpod and quercetin against the tested bacteria in vitro may contribute to the in vivo activities of the EENN seedpod and quercetin.

Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the cognitive impairment due to excessive consumption of alcohol and memory enhancement action of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. (AEGGL) and diosmetin (Dm).Methods: In this study, 36 adult male Wistar rats were divided into the six groups (n=6) and eight-arm radial maze, narrow beam test, and open field behavior parameters were assessed on day 1, 10, and 21. After the 21 days of experiment, animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) estimation. We have also analyzed the morphology of CA3 region of the hippocampus.Results: The results of this study suggested that AEGGL and Dm treatment could be the potential drugs for ethanol-induced cognitive impairment.Conclusion: Ethanol-induced cognitive impairment was recovered by AEGGL and Dm treatment, we suggested that this might be due to anticholinesterase activity and increased synthesis of BDNF levels in the brain. Further, researches are warranted to understand the exact mechanism of action of drugs.

The authors report on a 6-year-old boy who presented with a tense subgaleal hematoma and proptosis 2 weeks after a minor head injury that were successfully managed by continuous closed-system drainage and blood transfusion. At evaluation he was found to have a transient mild factor XIII deficiency.

India is becoming one of the hubs of clinical research. Commensurate with these advances, the government funding for biomedical research in thrust areas is also increasing. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Department of Science and Technology (DST) are some of the government organizations which provide financial support for various research projects. The results of the funded research projects are published in various international journals. Most of these journals have an access to paid subscribers only. Hence it is unethical to use the research grants from government (people′s money) and not allow the scientific community free access to the results of the study. To tackle such issues, these agencies should sign the Berlin declaration and create open access repositories. A public access policy should be formulated and listed in JULIET. The funding bodies in India should also join Pubmed Central (PMC) to form PMC India so that every investigator who has received grants would submit the full text of the paper published from his study and these can be made freely accessible to everyone. Universities and research institutions should also develop institutional open access repositories. The public access policy has definitive advantages and should be implemented.

The repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the presence of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) carries a high-risk of adverse peri-operative cardiac event. The options to reduce cardiac risk include perioperative β-blockade, preoperative optimization by myocardial revascularization and simultaneous (combined) coronary artery bypass grafting and aneurysm repair. We describe intra-operative controlled phlebotomy to optimize myocardial stress during repair of infrarenal AAA in a patient with significant stable CAD.

Background: The incidence of diabetes is increasing tremendously throughout the world especially in the developing countries. This disease affects various organs like eyes, nerves, kidneys and the heart. In this study, we investigated whether lungs are also one of the target organs of diabetes mellitus or not. Aim: To assess the pulmonary function parameters including alveolar gas exchange in patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and to find the influence of hyperglycaemia and duration of diabetes. Methodology: This cross sectional study involved 30 type II diabetic patients of age 30-60 years attending the diabetic outpatient department of SRM Medical College & Research Centre and 30 age and sex matched non-diabetic subjects as controls. The glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels, pulmonary function parameters such as Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Forced Expiratory Volume Percentage (FEV1 /FVC), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), Forced Expiratory Flow (25 – 75%), Peak Inspiratory flow ( PIF), Forced Inspiratory Vital Capacity ( FIVC), Total Lung Capacity ( TLC),Diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide( DLCO) were measured for all the participants using Easyone Pro computerised spirometer. DLCO was measured by single breath Carbon Monoxide (CO) diffusion test. The alveolar membrane permeability was assessed by evaluating the ratio of DLCO to Alveolar Ventilation (VA). Results: The pulmonary function parameters FVC, FEV1, PEFR, PIF, FIVC, TLC , DLCO and DLCO/VA were significantly low (p 7). Conclusion: We conclude that the pulmonary function parameters like FVC, FEV1, PEFR, PIF, FIVC, TLC and alveolar gas exchange were significantly reduced in patients with type II diabetes. The patients with Type II diabetes mellitus had a restrictive pattern of respiratory abnormality. The patients with poor glycaemic control( HbA1c > 7) had reduced alveolar diffusion which was not dependent on the duration of diabetes. The impaired respiratory function may give way for the development of pulmonary complications. Spirometry can be used as a screening tool among diabetics as an early preventive measure.

We describe an endoscopic transsphenoidal excision of a GH-PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma and remodeling of frontotemporal fibrous dysplasia in a patient with McCune–Albright syndrome. Sphenoid dysplasia rendered transsphenoidal surgery challenging, but a study of the radiological anatomy and good surgical planning made this feasible. Medical therapy and radiation was required for persistent acromegaly after surgery.

The authors report on a 6-year-old boy who presented with a tense subgaleal hematoma and proptosis 2 weeks after a minor head injury that were successfully managed by continuous closed-system drainage and blood transfusion. At evaluation he was found to have a transient mild factor XIII deficiency.

Tuberculosis has been an elusive infectious disease. In India, two deaths occur every three minutes due to tuberculosis. [1] As modern antituberculosis therapy (ATT) can cure all patients, these deaths can be prevented. But it is imperative that these patients take ATT for the prescribed duration (minimum of six months). Hence, adherence to treatment plays an important role in the success of the treatment.

1. My US and UK names differ Those bothered by sulfa may suffer I’m sequestered at the site of action Weight gain is my adverse reaction 2. I’m polypeptide in nature Sourced from a poisonous creature I mimic the gut hormone in action

We experimentally observe that quantum duality of a single photon is controlled by its self-entanglement through a three-way quantum coherence identity $V^2+D^2+C^2=1$. Here V, D, C represent waveness, particleness, and self-entanglement respectively.