Search

Background There is scarce evidence on the fourth dose of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We evaluated the humoral response and effectivity of the fourth dose in the CKD spectrum: non-dialysis CKD (ND-CKD), haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Methods This is a prespecified analysis of the prospective, observational, multicentric SENCOVAC study. In patients with CKD who had received a complete initial vaccination and one or two boosters and had anti-Spike antibody determinations 6 and 12 months after the initial vaccination, we analysed factors associated with persistent negative humoral response and higher anti-Spike antibody titres as well as the efficacy of vaccination on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Results Of 2186 patients (18% KT, 8% PD, 69% HD and 5% ND-CKD), 30% had received a fourth dose. The fourth dose increased anti-Spike antibody titres in HD (P = .001) and ND-CKD (P = .014) patients and seroconverted 72% of previously negative patients. Higher anti-Spike antibody titres at 12 months were independently associated with repeated exposure to antigen (fourth dose, previous breakthrough infections), previous anti-Spike antibody titres and not being a KT recipient. Breakthrough COVID-19 was registered in 137 (6%) patients, 5% of whom required admission. Admitted patients had prior titres Conclusions A fourth vaccine dose increased anti-Spike antibody titres or seroconverted many CKD patients, but those with the highest need for a vaccine booster (i.e. those with lower pre-booster antibody titres or KT recipients) derived the least benefit in terms of antibody titres. Admission for breakthrough COVID-19 was associated with low anti-Spike antibody titres.

Analizamos dos dibujos histológicos de un texto multimodal de Ramón y Cajal de 1888. Pese al interés despertado por sus cualidades estéticas, hasta la fecha no han sido objeto de análisis semióticos. Nuestro marco teórico es la sociosemiótica funcional (Kress y Leeuwen, 2006). Nuestra hipótesis es que ambos dibujos proporcionan una representación naturalista. Contextualizamos los dibujos en la biografía del autor y en la problemática científica de su especialidad en la época e intentamos reconstruir su elaboración. Nuestra conclusión es que ambos dibujos son imágenes compuestas y sintéticas controladas por el método científico y la metodología y que enfatizan la disonancia visual.

Las investigaciones de Ramón y Cajal, premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina en 1906, fueron decisivas para establecer la doctrina neuronal, base de la neurociencia. Pese a la atención que obtuvo como una de las grandes figuras españolas del siglo xx, los estudios dedicados a su obra de ficción son aún escasos. Este artículo analiza e interpreta, desde la perspectiva de los estudios críticos del discurso, su cuento "El fabricante de honradez", que parodia la seudociencia y presenta una reflexión sobre las relaciones de la ciencia con la sociedad y la moral.

El objetivo principal de esta investigación consistió en el fortalecimiento de la competencia argumentativa asociada al tema de la reproducción sexual y asexual en animales, a través de procesos educativos gamificados, dirigido a estudiantes del grado octavo de una institución rural del municipio de Curití (Santander), se utilizó un enfoque mixto, la muestra de estudio fue no probabilista con base en criterios de inclusión orientados al acceso de herramientas TIC con 6 estudiantes en edades entre los 13 y 14 años de ambos géneros; en la fase diagnóstica de aplicaron instrumentos de recolección de datos como el cuestionario diagnóstico y la entrevista, estos arrojaron información sobre el estado inicial de los estudiantes frente al acceso de herramientas TIC, manejo de la competencia argumentativa, aproximaciones a procesos educativos gamificados y sus inquietudes frente a dicho proceso; posteriormente se aplicó una propuesta pedagógica sobre el tema de la reproducción sexual y asexual gamificada alrededor de la aplicación Classcraft y la aplicación TOMi. Digital, finalmente se aplicó un test evaluativo que permitió observar mejoras significativas en la adquisición de los conocimientos relacionados al tema mencionado y el fortalecimiento de la competencia argumentativa.

Objective: to compare the blood pressure numbers of patients with high blood pressure with and without continuity of care at the first stage of medical attention. Methods: a multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in three family medicine units in a public institution. A family medicine information system was used to review the electronic files of patients with high blood pressure from July 2018 to June 2019. The systematic sample was used to complete the size of sample 358 for each group of patients, with and without continuity of medical care. It was determined that continuity existed when the continuity of care index was ≥ 0.7, getting also clinical variables. Results: of 701 electronic files of patients with high blood pressure, there was an average continuity of care index of 0.68 ± 0.23, without differences between the group of patients, with and without continuity of care, with variables: control of high blood pressure, evolution period of high blood pressure, number of patients that were assisted in the emergency departments due to uncontrolled hypertension, antihypertensive medications used and high blood pressure control. Conclusions: There was found, no relation between continuity of patient care and high blood pressure control.

Los pacientes con “síntomas físicos médicamente no explicados” (mus, en inglés) son frecuentes en la consulta médica; estos pacientes acuden a consulta por síntomas inespecíficos, de etiología incierta, sin cuadro clínico definido, exploración física normal para su queja y laboratorio e imagen sin anormalidades. El abordaje de un paciente con mus puede ser todo un desafío, provoca frustración en el médico e insatisfacción en los pacientes; implica mayor costo en la atención y saturación de servicios de salud. Hay varias intervenciones no farmacológicas que han mostrado utilidad. El médico familiar debe adquirir destrezas para atender a estos pacientes. En esta revisión se describen las etapas ordenadas para el abordaje de pacientes con mus como: 1. ¿Qué hacer? Trabajar sobre la reatribución del síntoma. Establecer conexión: entre evento estresante y síntoma(s) inespecífico(s). 2. ¿Cómo hacerlo? Implementar una guía de abordaje: habilidades perceptuales y ejecutivas del profesional tratante. 3. ¿Cuándo hacerlo? (timing). Entrenamiento en práctica de reatribución del síntoma; perspicacia; atención. Es esencial que los pacientes entiendan cómo los problemas psicológicos producen síntomas somáticos, se debe valorar si el paciente está preparado para admitirlo y trabajar sobre su fuente de estrés o evento estresante, también la familia del paciente debe ser valorada.

Objetivo: comparar las cifras de presión en pacientes con hipertensión arterial con y sin continuidad de cuidado en el primer nivel de atención. Métodos: estudio transversal multicéntrico realizado en tres unidades de medicina familiar de una institución pública. Se utilizó el Sistema de Información de Medicina Familiar para revisar expedientes electrónicos de pacientes con hipertensión arterial, en los meses de julio de 2018 a junio de 2019. El muestreo fue probabilístico sistemático hasta completar el tamaño de muestra de 358 en cada grupo de pacientes, con y sin continuidad de cuidado. Se determinó que existía continuidad cuando el Índice de Continuidad de Cuidado era ≥ 0.75; se obtuvieron, además, variables clínicas. Resultados: de 701 expedientes electrónicos de pacientes con hipertensión arterial, se obtuvo un promedio de Índice de Continuidad de Cuidado de 0.68 ± 0.23. Sin diferencia entre el grupo de pacientes, con y sin continuidad de cuidado, con las variables: control de hipertensión arterial, tiempo de evolución de hipertensión arterial, número de pacientes que acudieron a urgencias por descontrol hipertensivo, de medicamentos antihipertensivos utilizados y de consultas en el año. Conclusiones: no se encontró relación entre continuidad de cuidado y control de la presión arterial.

We evaluated the in vivo effects of melatonin treatment on oxidative damage in the liver in an experimental model of ischemia–reperfusion. A total of 37 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, ischemia, ischemia + reperfusion, and ischemia + reperfusion + melatonin. Hepatic ischemia was maintained for 20 min, and the clamp was removed to initiate vascular reperfusion for 30 min. Melatonin (50 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally administered. Fluidity was measured by polarization changes in 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene-p-toluene sulfonate). After 20 min of ischemia, no significant changes were observed in cell and mitochondrial membrane fluidity levels, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation. However, after 30 min of reperfusion, membrane fluidity decreased compared to controls. Increases in lipid and protein oxidation were also seen in hepatic homogenates of animals exposed to reperfusion. Melatonin injected 30 min before ischemia and reperfusion fully prevented membrane rigidity and both lipid and protein oxidation. Livers from ischemia–reperfusion showed histopathological alterations and positive labeling with antibodies to oxidized lipids and proteins. Melatonin reduced the severity of these morphological changes and protected against in vivo ischemia–reperfusion-induced toxicity in the liver. Therefore, melatonin might be a candidate for co-treatment for patients with hepatic vascular occlusion followed by reperfusion.

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been shown to be an effective treatment for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). However, information regarding lymphocyte collection for ECP in children is limited. The aim of this study was to analyse and compare lymphocyte collection for ECP in children using different devices and protocols. Moreover, we have studied both safety and variables of the infused product related to treatment efficacy.This was a retrospective study of 91 patients who underwent 1524 apheresis procedures with either the COBE Spectra or Spectra Optia system. The comparison study between the Optia protocols (MNC and CMNC) was prioritized. We analysed 578 procedures using the Optia blood cell separator: 204 and 374 using the MNC and the CMNC protocol, respectively.The Optia CMNC protocol showed better collection efficiency, with increased lymphocyte collection per kg of body weight (p 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the type of protocol showed no relationship with haematocrit or platelet loss. Most procedures were well-tolerated, with the most frequent adverse events related to venous access (21.7%). Seventy-one percent of patients had either partial or complete clinical GvHD response. In the multivariate model, only two variables were associated with a better response to ECP, younger age and a greater increase of B lymphocytes after treatment.Lymphocyte collection for ECP is well-tolerated in most children, achieving complete or partial response in more than half of GvHD patients. CMNC is the optimal software to perform lymphocyte collection in children.

[Resumen] El objetivo principal fue analizar el efecto de la coordinación motriz, la edad y el sexo sobre la fuerza y agilidad en escolares de 6-11 años. En el estudio participaron 647 escolares de dos centros de educación Primaria (381 niños y 266 niñas). Se ha realizado un análisis de correlación de Pearson para estudiar la relación entre la edad y la coordinación motriz (medida a través del test 3JS) sobre la fuerza (salto horizontal y salto con contramovimiento) y la agilidad (medida a través del test 4x10). Las diferencias relacionadas con el sexo se analizaron a través del test t-Student y la U de Mann-Whitney, dependiendo de si las variables siguen una distribución normal. Se ha aplicado un modelo ANCOVA donde las variables dependientes son el salto horizontal, el salto con contramovimiento y el 4x10, el factor es la variable sexo y las covariables son la coordinación motriz y la edad. Los resultados han mostrado una asociación positiva entre la coordinación motriz y las pruebas utilizadas para valorar la fuerza y la agilidad. La variable sexo tiene una relación significativa con el salto horizontal, salto con contra movimiento y el 4x10. Tras el análisis según modelo ANCOVA realizado en este estudio, la variable sexo influye sobre el salto horizontal y sobre la agilidad, pero no sobre el salto con contramovimiento cuando se elimina el efecto de la coordinación motriz y de la edad de los escolares [Abstract] The aim of this study is to delve into the effect that motor coordination, age and gender have on strength and agility in Primary stage, specifically in students aged 6 to 11 years. 647 schoolchildren from two primary education centers (381 boys and 266 girls) participated in this study. A Pearson correlation analysis has been carried out to study the relationship between age and Motor Coordination (measured through/by the 3JS test) on strength tests (horizontal jump with feet together and jump with counter movement) and agility (measured through/by the 4x10 test). Subsequently, the gender differences in these variables have been studied using the Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney U test, depending on whether the variables follow a normal distribution. Finally, to delve into the objective of the research, an ANCOVA model has been applied where the dependent variables are the horizontal jump, the counter-movement jump and the 4x10, the factor is the gender variable and the covariates are Motor Coordination and age. The results have shown a positive association between the Motor Coordination and the tests used to assess strength and agility. The gender variable has a significant relationship with the horizontal jump, the counter movement jump and the 4x10. After the analysis according to the ANCOVA model carried out in this study, the gender variable influences the horizontal jump and agility, but not the counter-movement jump when the effect of motor coordination and the age of the schoolchildren is eliminated

Resumen En este artículo se ha descrito el desarrollo de un programa informático para el ajuste de redes geodésicas, utilizando el modelo de observaciones mediatas. Dicho programa es el resultado de una actividad de investigación ejecutada durante el año 2021, en el seno de la Escuela de Topografía, Catastro y Geodesia (ETCG), de la Universidad Nacional. El aplicativo resultante de la investigación provee a la ETCG de una herramienta de código abierto para el ajuste de redes geodésicas, lo que permite mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en los diferentes cursos de la carrera de Ingeniería en Topografía y Geodesia, además de facilitar los diferentes procesos de investigación que se llevan a cabo en la Unidad Académica. El desarrollo de un programa de ajuste de redes geodésicas dentro de la ETCG contribuye a eliminar los costos asociados a la compra de licencias y fortalecer el desarrollo de trabajos finales de graduación. Abstract This article has described the development of a computer program for the adjustment of geodetic networks, using the model of mediate observations. The program is the result of a research activity carried out, during the year 2021, within the School of Topography, Cadaster and Geodesy (ETCG), at the National University. The application resulting from the research provides to the ETCG with an open-source tool for the adjustment of geodetic networks, which allows improving the teaching and learning processes in the different courses of the Engineering in Topography and Geodesy career, in addition to facilitating the different research processes that are carried out in the Academic Unit. The development of a geodetic network adjustment program within the ETCG contributes to eliminating the costs associated with the purchase of licenses and strengthening the formulation of final graduation projects. Resumo Este artigo descreveu o desenvolvimento de um programa computacional para ajuste de redes geodésicas, utilizando o modelo de observações mediatas. Este programa resulta de uma atividade de investigação realizada durante o ano de 2021, no âmbito da Escola Superior de Topografia, Cadastro e Geodésia (ETCG), da Universidad Nacional. A aplicação resultante da investigação disponibiliza à ETCG uma ferramenta open source para o ajuste de redes geodésicas, que permite melhorar os processos de ensino e aprendizagem nos diferentes cursos da carreira de Engenharia em Topografia e Geodésia, além de facilitar os diferentes processos de investigação que se realizam na Unidade Acadêmica. O desenvolvimento de um programa de adequação da rede geodésica no âmbito do ETCG contribui para a eliminação dos custos associados à aquisição de licenças e para o reforço do desenvolvimento dos projetos finais de graduação.

This study aimed to exhaustively explore the characteristics of food advertising on TV in Guatemala and Costa Rica. The International Network for Food and Obesity Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) methodology was applied. In 2016, we recorded 1440 h of video among 10 TV channels. We used the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Nutrient Profile (NP) Model to identify ‘critical nutrients’, whose excessive consumption is associated with NCDs. We created a nutritional quality score (0 if the product did not exceed any critical nutrient, 1 if the product exceeded one and 2 if it exceeded ≥2). We classified food ads as permitted (score = 0) and not-permitted (score 1 or 2) for marketing. Persuasive marketing techniques were classified as promotional characters (e.g. Batman), premium offers (e.g. toys), brand benefit claims (e.g. tasty) and health-related claims (e.g. nutritious). In Guatemala, foods that exceeded one critical nutrient were more likely to use persuasive marketing techniques, and in Costa Rica were those with an excess of ≥2 critical nutrients, compared with foods without any excess in critical nutrients [Guatemala: promotional characters (odds ratio, OR = 16.6, 95% confidence interval, CI: 5.8, 47.3), premium offers (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.4, 8.2) and health-related claims (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.2, 5.7); Costa Rica: health-related claims (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.0, 8.5)]. In conclusion, Guatemalan and Costa Rican children are exposed to an overabundance of not-permitted food ads on TV. This justifies implementing national policies to reduce exposure to not-permitted food for marketing, including on TV and other media.

Reedición del informe de la Misión de Empleo que convocó en 1985-1986 la administración del presidente Belisario Betancur. La Misión entendió su tarea como el análisis integral de todos los problemas que afectan a la población trabajadora del país y la elaboración de propuestas específicas para avanzar en los diferentes frentes. Sus labores se organizaron, así, en torno a tres grandes áreas. La primera de ellas incluyó el análisis del empleo, el desempleo y los ingresos laborales, y su relación con el ritmo de actividad económica y los fenómenos demográficos y sociales que afectan la oferta de mano de obra. La segunda incorporó todos los elementos del marco institucional en el cual operan las relaciones laborales: la seguridad social, el régimen laboral del sector privado y del sector público, el sindicalismo y el régimen de concertación. La tercera incluyó la proyección de la oferta de mano de obra hasta fines del siglo y un análisis detallado de las políticas económicas que pueden contribuir a cumplir ciertas metas en materia de empleo y desempleo en lo que resta del siglo. Las principales recomendaciones de la Misión se recogen en dos capítulos especiales en los cuales se presentan, respectivamente, una propuesta de reforma laboral y el diseño de una política macroeconómica que contribuya a mejorar la situación laboral, incluyendo consideraciones sobre el papel que pueden desempeñar dentro de este esquema algunas políticas especiales.

Mediterranean endorheic wetlands are strongly affected by local meteorological events, so they undergo frequent unpredictable disturbances, such as episodes of high salinity or desiccation. In this context, salinity and temperature may be crucial for determining the structure of zooplankton communities and regional biodiversity, since they may trigger the hatching of egg bank in different ways. The goal of this study is to assess the combined role of these two variables on the zooplankton assemblage emerging from the egg bank. We hypothesize that temperature and salinity affect the community structure in a non-linear way, that is, both factors interact and modify the magnitude of their effects. We performed a laboratory factorial design where the same sediment was incubated under different thermal and salinity conditions, reducing the potential effects of other possible confusion factors. Community structure was described by measuring cumulative abundances, species composition, richness, and diversity. Our results showed that the community structure was strongly determined by salinity at all experimental temperatures. In contrast, the magnitude of the temperature effect depended on salinity. The high variability among replicates when salinity and temperature increased suggests that climate change might lead to unpredictable patterns of the community emerging from the egg bank.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral cortex. Biomarkers for ALS are essential for disease detection and to provide information on potential therapeutic targets. Aminopeptidases catalyze the cleavage of amino acids from the amino terminus of protein or substrates such as neuropeptides. Since certain aminopeptidases are known to increase the risk of neurodegeneration, such mechanisms may reveal new targets to determine their association with ALS risk and their interest as a diagnostic biomarker. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to identify reported aminopeptidases genetic loci associated with the risk of ALS. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, LILACS, and Cochrane databases were searched to retrieve eligible studies in English or Spanish, published up to 27 January 2023. A total of 16 studies were included in this systematic review, where a series of aminopeptidases could be related to ALS and could be promising biomarkers (DPP1, DPP2, DPP4, LeuAP, pGluAP, and PSA/NPEPPS). The literature reported the association of singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs10260404 and rs17174381) with the risk of ALS. The genetic variation rs10260404 in the DPP6 gene was identified to be highly associated with ALS susceptibility, but meta-analyses of genotypes in five studies in a matched cohort of different ancestry (1873 cases and 1861 control subjects) showed no ALS risk association. Meta-analyses of eight studies for minor allele frequency (MAF) also found no ALS association for the “C” allele. The systematic review identified aminopeptidases as possible biomarkers. However, the meta-analyses for rs1060404 of DPP6 do not show a risk associated with ALS., PPJIA2022.09, “Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Granada, 2022: Programa 20, Proyectos de Investigación Precompetitivos para Jóvenes Investigadores. Modalidad 20.a, Proyectos para jóvenes doctores” corresponding to the year 2022 with reference no. 11 (File no. 1586950), University of Granada (Spain). Accepted: 23 December 2022

Pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) outcome has improved in the last decades, but leukemic relapses are still one of the main problems of this disease. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) was investigated as a new candidate biomarker with potential prognostic relevance, and its pathogenic role was assessed in the development of disease. A retrospective study was performed with 115 pediatric patients with BCP-ALL, and BMP4 expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in leukemic blasts at the time of diagnosis. BMP4 mRNA expression levels in the third (upper) quartile were associated with a higher cumulative incidence of relapse as well as a worse 5-year event-free survival and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Importantly, this association was also evident among children classified as having a nonhigh risk of relapse. A validation cohort of 236 patients with BCP-ALL supported these data. Furthermore, high BMP4 expression promoted engraftment and rapid disease progression in an NSG mouse xenograft model with CNS involvement. Pharmacological blockade of the canonical BMP signaling pathway significantly decreased CNS infiltration and consistently resulted in amelioration of clinical parameters, including neurological score. Mechanistically, BMP4 favored chemoresistance, enhanced adhesion and migration through brain vascular endothelial cells, and promoted a proinflammatory microenvironment and CNS angiogenesis. These data provide evidence that BMP4 expression levels in leukemic cells could be a useful biomarker to identify children with poor outcomes in the low-/intermediate-risk groups of BCP-ALL and that BMP4 could be a new therapeutic target to blockade leukemic CNS disease.

Introduction: vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) has been identified as a rare but serious adverse event associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Objectives: in this study, we explored the pre-pandemic co-occurrence of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia (TWT) using 17 observational health data sources across the world. We applied multiple TWT definitions, estimated the background rate of TWT, characterized TWT patients, and explored the makeup of thrombosis types among TWT patients. Methods: we conducted an international network retrospective cohort study using electronic health records and insurance claims data, estimating background rates of TWT amongst persons observed from 2017 to 2019. Following the principles of existing VITT clinical definitions, TWT was defined as patients with a diagnosis of embolic or thrombotic arterial or venous events and a diagnosis or measurement of thrombocytopenia within 7 days. Six TWT phenotypes were considered, which varied in the approach taken in defining thrombosis and thrombocytopenia in real world data. Results: overall TWT incidence rates ranged from 1.62 to 150.65 per 100,000 person-years. Substantial heterogeneity exists across data sources and by age, sex, and alternative TWT phenotypes. TWT patients were likely to be men of older age with various comorbidities. Among the thrombosis types, arterial thrombotic events were the most common. Conclusion: our findings suggest that identifying VITT in observational data presents a substantial challenge, as implementing VITT case definitions based on the co-occurrence of TWT results in large and heterogeneous incidence rate and in a cohort of patints with baseline characteristics that are inconsistent with the VITT cases reported to date. This project has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 806968. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and EFPIA. Funders had no role in the conceptualization, design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Preventing development of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), a disease with devastating effects, is a longstanding and unsolved challenge. Heterozygous germline alterations in the PAX5 gene can lead to B-ALL upon accumulation of secondary mutations affecting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Preclinical studies have shown that this malignant transformation occurs only under immune stress such as exposure to infectious pathogens. Here we show in Pax5+/− mice that transient, early-life administration of clinically relevant doses of ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, significantly mitigates the risk of B-ALL following exposure to infection; 1 of 29 animals treated with ruxolitinib developed B-ALL versus 8 of 34 untreated mice. Ruxolitinib treatment preferentially targeted Pax5+/− versus wild-type B-cell progenitors and exerted unique effects on the Pax5+/− B-cell progenitor transcriptional program. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence for a potential strategy to prevent B-ALL development., C. Cobaleda and C. Vicente-Dueñas labs are members of the EU COST Action LEGEND (CA16223). Research in C. Vicente-Dueñas group has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project " PI17/00167 and by a “Miguel Servet Grant” [CPII19/00024 - AES 2017-2020; co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)/European Social Fund (ESF) "A way to make Europe"/"Investing in your future"]. J.J. Yang and K.E. Nichols receive funding from the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC) and R01CA241452 from the NCI. Research in ISG group is partially supported by FEDER and by SAF2015-64420-R MINECO/FEDER, UE, RTI2018-093314-B-I00 MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE, 9659122185-122185-4-21 MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE, by Junta de Castilla y León (UIC-017, CSI001U16, CSI234P18, and CSI144P20). M. Ramírez-Orellana and I. Sánchez-García have been supported by the Fundacion Unoentrecienmil (CUNINA project). C. Cobaleda, M. Ramírez-Orellana, and I. Sánchez-García have been supported by the Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (PRYCO211305SANC). A. Casado-García (CSI067-18) and M. Isidro-Hernández (CSI021-19) are supported by FSE-Conserjería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León 2019 and 2020 (ESF, European Social Fund) fellowship, respectively. J. Raboso-Gallego is supported by a scholarship from University of Salamanca co-financed by Banco Santander and ESF. S. Alemán-Arteaga is supported by an Ayuda para Contratos predoctorales para la formación de doctores (PRE2019-088887).

This article analyses the interactions between the Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF) and its Mexican and Cuban national chapters and affiliated organizations. Focusing on the National Bloc of Revolutionary Women, the Democratic Union of Mexican Women, and the Democratic Federation of Cuban Women, this article studies the ideological foundations these organizations defended and the action programmes they used to materialize them. One of its main contributions is to argue that Mexican and Cuban socialist and communist women contributed to the struggle for women's emancipation within the Eastern Bloc through grass-roots contributions that did not simply emulate European communist organizations, but drew on, and were informed by, national contexts, material conditions, and historical backgrounds. The increasing number of requests, demands, and proposals emerging from Latin America, and more specifically from Mexico and Cuba, ultimately fostered a steady process of decentralization that broadened visions of women's progress within the global leftist feminist movement during the early Cold War.

Ofrecemos el repertorio depurado de las referencias epigráficas del teónimo Coso y sus variantes documentadas en las inscripciones religiosas de época altoimperial halladas en el conventus Lucensis y en el territorio español de los conventus Asturum y Bracaraugustanus. A partir del examen directo de los epígrafes llevamos a cabo un análisis epigráfico de cada inscripción y proponemos excluir cinco supuestas menciones de este teónimo hasta la fecha consideradas como seguras.

The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) care pathways include evidence-based items designed to accelerate recovery after surgery. Interdisciplinarity is one of the key points of ERAS programs.To prepare a consensus document among the members of the Nutrition Area of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN) and the Spanish Group for Multimodal Rehabilitation (GERM), in which the goal is to homogenize the nutritional and metabolic management of patients included in an ERAS program.69 specialists in Endocrinology and Nutrition and 85 members of the GERM participated in the project. After a literature review, 79 statements were proposed, divided into 5 sections: 17 of general characteristics, 28 referring to the preoperative period, 4 to the intraoperative, 13 to the perioperative and 17 to the postoperative period. The degree of consensus was determined through a Delphi process of 2 circulations that was ratified by a consistency analysis.Overall, in 61 of the 79 statements there was a consistent agreement, with the degree of consensus being greater among members of the SEEN (64/79) than members of the GERM (59/79). Within the 18 statements where a consistent agreement was not reached, we should highlight some important nutritional strategies such as muscle mass assessment, the start of early oral feeding or pharmaconutrition.Consensus was reached on the vast majority of the nutritional measures and care included in ERAS programs. Due to the lack of agreement on certain key points, it is necessary to continue working closely with both societies to improve the recovery of the surgical patients.

Background: The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) care pathways include evidence-based items designed to accelerate recovery after surgery. Interdisciplinarity is one of the key points of ERAS programs. Objective: To prepare a consensus document among the members of the Nutrition Area of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN) and the Spanish Group for Multimodal Rehabilitation (GERM), in which the goal is to homogenize the nutritional and metabolic management of patients included in an ERAS program. Methods: 69 specialists in Endocrinology and Nutrition and 85 members of the GERM participated in the project. After a literature review, 79 statements were proposed, divided into 5 sections: 17 of general characteristics, 28 referring to the preoperative period, 4 to the intraoperative, 13 to the perioperative and 17 to the postoperative period. The degree of consensus was determined through a Delphi process of 2 circulations that was ratified by a consistency analysis. Results: Overall, in 61 of the 79 statements there was a consistent agreement, with the degree of consensus being greater among members of the SEEN (64/79) than members of the GERM (59/79). Within the 18 statements where a consistent agreement was not reached, we should highlight some important nutritional strategies such as muscle mass assessment, the start of early oral feeding or pharmaconutrition. Conclusion: Consensus was reached on the vast majority of the nutritional measures and care included in ERAS programs. Due to the lack of agreement on certain key points, it is necessary to continue working closely with both societies to improve the recovery of the surgical patients.

Supplementary Data from Transient Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Pathway Prevents B-ALL Development in Genetically Predisposed Mice

Supplemental Figure S5. Effects of DMH1 on NK cells IFN-y production and killing capacity upon target cell engagement.

Natural killer (NK) cells are critical for innate tumor immunity due to their specialized ability to recognize and kill neoplastically transformed cells. However, NK cells require a specific set of cytokine-mediated signals to achieve optimal effector function. Th1-associated cytokines promote effector functions that are inhibited by the prototypic Th2 cytokine IL4 and the TGFβ superfamily members TGFβ1 and activin-A. Interestingly, the largest subgroup of the TGFβ superfamily are the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), but the effects of BMP signaling on NK cell effector functions have not been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that blood-circulating NK cells express type I and II BMP receptors, BMP-2 and BMP-6 ligands, and phosphorylated isoforms of Smad-1/-5/-8, which mediate BMP family member signaling. In opposition to the inhibitory effects of TGFβ1 or activin-A, autocrine BMP signaling was supportive to NK cell function. Mechanistic investigations in cytokine and TLR-L–activated NK cells revealed that BMP signaling optimized IFNγ and global cytokine and chemokine production, phenotypic activation and proliferation, and autologous dendritic cell activation and target cytotoxicity. Collectively, our findings identify a novel auto-activatory pathway that is essential for optimal NK cell effector function, one that might be therapeutically manipulated to help eradicate tumors. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5019–31. ©2014 AACR.

Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid (FT), a disease that is harmful to the poultry industry. Despite sanitation and prophylactic measures, this pathogen is associated with frequent disease outbreaks in developing countries, causing high morbidity and mortality. We characterized the complete genome sequence of Colombian SG strains and then performed a comparative genome analysis with other SG strains found in different regions worldwide. Eight field strains of SG plus a 9R-derived vaccine were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics analysis, and the results were used for subsequent molecular typing; virulome, resistome, and mobilome characterization; and a comparative genome study. We identified 26 chromosome-located resistance genes that mostly encode efflux pumps, and point mutations were found in gyrase genes (gyrA and gyrB), with the gyrB mutation S464T frequently found in the Colombian strains. Moreover, we detected 135 virulence genes, mainly in 15 different Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs). We generated an SPI profile for SG, including C63PI, CS54, ssaD, SPI-1, SPI-2, SPI-3, SPI-4, SPI-5, SPI-6, SPI-9, SPI-10, SPI-11, SPI-12, SPI-13, and SPI-14. Regarding mobile genetic elements, we found the plasmids Col(pHAD28) and IncFII(S) in most of the strains and 13 different prophage sequences, indicating a frequently obtained profile that included the complete phage Gifsy_2 and incomplete phage sequences resembling Escher_500465_2, Shigel_SfIV, Entero_mEp237, and Salmon_SJ46. This study presents, for the first time, the genomic content of Colombian SG strains and a profile of the genetic elements frequently found in SG, which can be further studied to clarify the pathogenicity and evolutionary characteristics of this serotype.

Ante el discurso de el crecimiento económico y la necesidad de un sistema productivo que permita la mercantilización de los recursos naturales a nivel mundial bajo la dinámica de energías limpias y renovables, la tierra y los bienes naturales de uso común son valorados como mercancía en el sistema global, donde surgen intervenciones privadas y estatales en territorios autogobernados que implican la trasgresión de formas de la vida comunitaria. En este contexto, se encuentra el caso de San Dionisio del Mar, Oaxaca, México, el cual es un movimiento de resistencia política que emprendió una lucha en la defensa de su territorio y recursos naturales ante la ejecución de un proyecto eólico denominado “Mareñas renovables” en la barra de Santa Teresa. El repertorio de acción promovidas por las comunidades es dinamizado por la presencia del capital social comunitario (Durston, 2000) donde la identidad, la solidaridad y la cooperación se activan para la defensa de su territorio. En ese sentido, la acción colectiva (Olson, 1985) permite observar como los miembros de un grupo de individuos tienen determinado interés en común que manifestara una tendencia a satisfacerlo a través de la colaboración de uno o más individuos, posición que es retomada en los nuevos movimientos sociales. Por lo anterior, este capítulo analiza los mecanismos de acción colectiva que son dinamizados por el capital social comunitario que permiten explicar los procesos de resistencia en conflictos por el territorio y los bienes comunes en San Dionisio del Mar, México. El enfoque utilizado es de corte cualitativo, teniendo como instrumento las entrevistas semiestructuradas que se realizaron a los principales actores del movimiento. Finalmente, entre los principales resultados destaca la importancia de la Asamblea como espacio social autónomo que logra consolidar la participación comunitaria de los pueblos tomando acuerdos y definiendo acciones colectivas como mecanismo de resistencia en los diferentes escenarios de confrontación con la empresa eólica, logrando la suspensión del proyecto al exponer los medios ilegales y los intereses de la empresa con las autoridades locales.

Acknowledgments: Animals were tended in the Center for Production and Animal Experimentation (CPEA-University of Jaén). We thank Aceites Soler Romero for providing us with their extra virgin olive oil and Peter Cassidy for revising the manuscript., Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has proven to yield a better health outcome than other saturated fats widely used in the Western diet, including a distinct dysbiosis-preventive modulation of gut microbiota. Besides its high content in unsaturated fatty acids, EVOO also has an unsaponifiable polyphenol-enriched fraction that is lost when undergoing a depurative process that gives place to refined olive oil (ROO). Comparing the effects of both oils on the intestinal microbiota of mice can help us determine which benefits of EVOO are due to the unsaturated fatty acids, which remain the same in both, and which benefits are a consequence of its minority compounds, mainly polyphenols. In this work, we study these variations after only six weeks of diet, when physiological changes are not appreciated yet but intestinal microbial alterations can already be detected. Some of these bacterial deviations correlate in multiple regression models with ulterior physiological values, at twelve weeks of diet, including systolic blood pressure. Comparison between the EVOO and ROO diets reveals that some of these correlations can be explained by the type of fat that is present in the diet, while in other cases, such as the genus Desulfovibrio, can be better understood if the antimicrobial role of the virgin olive oil polyphenols is considered., Junta de Andalucía, grant PI Excelencia_2010 AGR 6340, University of Jaén, grant number PP2015/08/08

One of the main problems to be solved in the commercial production of Nile tilapia is the use of large volumes of steroids during the sex reversion process. The precise evaluation of the time after hatching to start the steroid treatment could help reduce its use in the short-term. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the sex proportion and the growth obtained in a mixed population of Nile tilapia fed fluoxymesterone at different days (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15) after hatching. A one-factor experiment was designed, with the day, after hatching, that the fluoxymesterone (5 mg) began to be supplied as factor (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15). Initial stocking density was 0.4 larvae L-1. All groups were evaluated by triplicate. Steroid treatment finished at day 25 after larvae stocking. Squash technique was used to determine sex proportion at the end of the experiment (45 days). Growth evaluation was performed based on wet weight and total length obtained from each biometry. The results showed the highest percentage of males (92%) in the fish fed fluoxymesterone from day three after hatching. No anabolic effect on growth was observed in any steroid-treated fish. A negative effect on growth was observed after withdrawal of the steroid in the fish that were fed fluoxymesterone for the longest time. These results show that it is necessary to supply the fluoxymesterone prior to the onset of sex differentiation (5-6 days after hatching) to achieve a permanent reversion of the sex differentiation process.

Not available.

En el momento en el que se plantea a un paciente la necesidad de un procedimiento quirúrgico, este inicia una respuesta fisiológica de estrés denominado “estrés perioperatorio” que se prolongará en el tiempo hasta la completa recuperación. Este estrés perioperatorio, implica una serie de cambios hormonales, metabólicos y tisulares que tienen efectos endocrinos, hematológicos e inmunológicos como: activación de sistema simpático, resistencia a la insulina, secreción hipofisaria de hormonas contrainsulares, producción de citocinas y prostaglandinas, activación del complemento, liberación de reactantes de fase aguda, leucocitosis/leucopenia y alteraciones endoteliales protrombóticas1. Los programas de recuperación intensificada, tienen como objetivo, desde un punto de vista multidisciplinar y apoyándose en la evidencia disponible, disminuir el estrés quirúrgico que conlleva la aparición de disfunción orgánica. Desde el año 2007, un grupo comprometido de especialistas en Cirugía General de nuestro país, se propuso modificar las prácticas inseguras para acometer sus procesos quirúrgicos desde la perspectiva del “primun non nocere”, rompiendo con mitos de manejo preestablecidos sin evidencia demostrada. A este Grupo se asociaron otros profesionales de la sanidad como Anestesiólogos, Cirujanos de otras especialidades, Enfermeras, Cardiólogos, Neumólogos, endocrinólogos/Nutricionistas, Hematólogos, Rehabilitadores, y todos conformaron el Grupo Español de Rehabilitación Multimodal —GERM— cuyo propósito es el promover una práctica clínica perioperatoria segura y avalada por la Medicina Basada en la Evidencia para lograr una recuperación postoperatoria rápida de los pacientes. El Grupo GERM, como sociedad científica sin ánimo de lucro, tiene entre sus funciones la de difundir e implantar la investigación amparada en la Medicina Basada en la Evidencia y propone el desarrollo de programas que garanticen la práctica clínica óptima y más segura en el ámbito quirúrgico, la disminución de la variabilidad perioperatoria tanto diagnóstica como terapéutica, así como la consecución de la eficiencia. Fruto de los trabajos realizados por el GERM, se publicó en 2015 la Vía Clínica de Recuperación Intensificada en Cirugía Abdominal (RICA), al amparo del Ministerio de Sanidad, Seguridad Social e Igualdad y el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, y auditada por Guía-Salud. Contemplaba 95 ítems de práctica clínica con sus niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación según el sistema GRADE teniendo como alcance la cirugía abdominal del adulto. Esta Vía RICA se ha actualizado en 2021 y en la actualización las especialidades quirúrgicas a las que se dirigen las recomendaciones han aumentado hasta alcanzar a la práctica totalidad de los procedimientos (denominándose Vía Clínica de Recuperación Intensificada en Cirugía del Adulto), de tal manera que en estos momentos se cuenta con unos protocolos de actuación basados en la mejor evidencia disponible, debidamente actualizados, para el 90% de la cirugía programada que se hace en este país. A través del proyecto IMPRICA que comenzó en 2017 y se mantiene activo, se pretende hacer extensivo a los hospitales españoles la aplicación e implementación de los Programas que dimanan de la Vía Clínica mediante información y formación de equipos multidisciplinares de trabajo, investigación previa y posterior a la implantación de la misma y, comparación y análisis de los resultados obtenidos tras él. En este sentido, y gracias a esta iniciativa los protocolos de recuperación intensificada se aplican de manera rutinaria en más de 50 centros de nuestro país. En 2019 el grupo GERM publicó el estudio POWER 13, un estudio de cohortes con una muestra de 2084 pacientes adultos de 80 hospitales, destacando que un aumento en el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de los protocolos RICA se asociaba a una disminución de las complicaciones postoperatorias, pero aun así las complicaciones posoperatorias fueron frecuentes en cirugía colorrectal, con tasas de complicaciones moderadas y severas del 27.9%. Un hecho similar se demostró también con el estudio POWER 24, en cirugía ortopédica. En cualquier caso, la utilidad de estos estudios no sólo fue para cuantificar las complicaciones sino también conocer cuáles eran y su relación con mortalidad, estancia hospitalaria y eficiencia. Un aspecto de especial relevancia es conocer el manejo de dichas complicaciones. En este punto quedó patente que no existe un patrón común y el paciente complicado sigue en la mayoría de los casos los pasos de los cuidados tradicionales, es decir abandona la vía RICA y, con ello, la seguridad y calidad asistencial que ofrece la misma, volviendo a la heterogeneidad del manejo y perdiendo las iniciativas adoptadas hasta el momento de la detección de la complicación. Es muy importante, además, insistir en que, si bien reducir las complicaciones y la mortalidad precoz después de la cirugía es clave, no lo es menos manejar adecuadamente las complicaciones. En este sentido, numerosos estudios muestran que el exceso de mortalidad hospitalaria, no se relaciona tanto con las tasas de complicaciones, sino con la manera de rescatar a los pacientes de las complicaciones más comunes. Es por ello por lo que estamos de acuerdo con quienes piensan que la investigación clínica en el paciente quirúrgico debe centrarse no sólo en la caracterización detallada de los cuidados perioperatorios y en la implementación de estos protocolos para reducir las tasas de complicaciones sino también en establecer estrategias comunes para manejar a los pacientes de las complicaciones cuando ocurren

Background: Adverse events of special interest (AESIs) were pre-specified to be monitored for the COVID-19 vaccines. Some AESIs are not only associated with the vaccines, but with COVID-19. Our aim was to characterise the incidence rates of AESIs following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients and compare these to historical rates in the general population. Methods: A multi-national cohort study with data from primary care, electronic health records, and insurance claims mapped to a common data model. This study's evidence was collected between Jan 1, 2017 and the conclusion of each database (which ranged from Jul 2020 to May 2022). The 16 pre-specified prevalent AESIs were: acute myocardial infarction, anaphylaxis, appendicitis, Bell's palsy, deep vein thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, encephalomyelitis, Guillain- Barré syndrome, haemorrhagic stroke, non-haemorrhagic stroke, immune thrombocytopenia, myocarditis/pericarditis, narcolepsy, pulmonary embolism, transverse myelitis, and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia. Age-sex standardised incidence rate ratios (SIR) were estimated to compare post-COVID-19 to pre-pandemic rates in each of the databases. Findings: Substantial heterogeneity by age was seen for AESI rates, with some clearly increasing with age but others following the opposite trend. Similarly, differences were also observed across databases for same health outcome and age-sex strata. All studied AESIs appeared consistently more common in the post-COVID-19 compared to the historical cohorts, with related meta-analytic SIRs ranging from 1.32 (1.05 to 1.66) for narcolepsy to 11.70 (10.10 to 13.70) for pulmonary embolism. Interpretation: Our findings suggest all AESIs are more common after COVID-19 than in the general population. Thromboembolic events were particularly common, and over 10-fold more so. More research is needed to contextualise post-COVID-19 complications in the longer term. Funding: None.

En la Isla Puná, provincia de Guayas, la actividad camaronera ha venido desarrollándose desde la década de los 80’s, con cultivos de tipo extensivos. En los últimos años, esta industria se ha ampliado a considerables superficies, dejando como secuela la pérdida de grandes extensiones de bosques de manglar, pasando por alto la importancia ecológica que tienen dichos bosques. En este contexto, en la presente investigación se busca determinar el cambio de uso del suelo y su cuantificación, mediante la recolección, procesamiento y clasificación, por el método supervisado de imágenes satelitales en cuatro periodos de tiempo utilizando los algoritmos de máxima verosimilitud y máxima secuencialidad a posteriori. Para verificar la fiabilidad de los datos obtenidos se elaboró una matriz de confusión y, con ello, se obtuvo el estadístico Kappa. Los resultados demostraron que la producción camaronera incrementó su superficie de 6 819,30 ha, en 1985, a 13 832,01 ha en 2016, una dinámica que ha generado pérdida de los bosques de manglar, los cuales disminuyeron de 10 931,31 ha, en 1985, a 5 282,82 ha en 2016. Esto representó la pérdida neta de superficies manglar de 5 648,49 ha y la ganancia neta de la actividad camaronera de 7 012,71 ha.

Este artículo presenta un análisis de los sistemas de valoración y del modelo contextual en un corpus constituido por un texto tecnocientífico de Ramón y Cajal. Nuestra hipótesis es la existencia de valores sociales que monitorizan el uso de los sistemas de valoración lingüística en el discurso tecnocientífico. Hemos desarrollado una metodología mixta cuantitativa-cualitativa que intenta integrar la Teoría de la Valoración y el Análisis Crítico del Discurso. Los datos obtenidos nos han permitido aceptar la hipótesis, mientras que el modelo contextual propuesto y sus valores sociales tienen a su vez un carácter hipotético.

Las drogas no fueron un tema destacado en la obra de Michel Foucault salvo ciertas menciones que pueden ser rastreadas en algunos pasajes de sus libros, artículos, cursos y entrevistas. A pesar de ello, su vasto herramental teórico sugiere algunos ejes de análisis que permiten tematizar el asunto de modo preciso. En el presente artículo se abordará el asunto del consumo de drogas en tanto que objetivo de las estrategias de poder, y sus implicaciones en la biopolítica. Después de siglos de tolerancia, a finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, el consumo de drogas comienza a percibirse como una conducta que pone en riesgo al cuerpo individual y social. La tarea consiste en analizar algunas de las estrategias, aplicadas desde distintos focos de poder, que buscan “defender a la sociedad” de los llamados “peligros” de la droga.

En el marco de los proyectos democratizadores en Cuba y México durante los años treinta y cuarenta, las feministas se convirtieron en importantes agentes del cambio. A veces, en el marco de los proyectos de modernización nacional propuestos desde los órganos de poder político. En otros momentos, planteando sus propios programas de intervención. Este artículo contribuye a complejizar las relaciones entre feminismo, educación y asistencialismo comparando los congresos y ruegos petitorios de las ligas feministas de carácter progresista que actuaron en Cuba y México durante los años treinta y cuarenta, concluyendo que sus diagnósticos y propuestas fueron similares a pesar de operar bajo marcos jurídicos distintos y procesos históricos conectados, aunque dispares.

This article presents a methodology to perform quality analysis on the cadastral map, based on the tools provided by open (public or free) license geographic information systems (GIS). The errors presented in the cadastral map have a direct impact on the information systems, which can lead to erroneous decisions and to an increase in the costs of maintenance and updating of spatial data. The methodology developed was used and tested by Costa Rica’s Cadastre and Registry Regularization Program; as a product of this program, a continuous cadastral map has been created for Costa Rica, on which cadastral and registry transactions will be processed within the National Registry of Costa Rica. The methodology allows detecting, locating and classifying errors in the cadastral map for easily correcting, so that this map correctly represents the reality of the properties that conform it

Non-conventional yeasts such as Torulaspora delbrueckii (Td) have been proposed for sparkling winemaking. Unfortunately, this yeast has poor efficiency in completing wine fermentation as compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc). New mutants with increased resistance to SO2, ethanol, and high CO2 pressure were previously isolated from spore clones of Td. Although these mutants showed improved capability for base wine fermentation, there is still room for genetic improvement of Td yeasts until the fermentative capacity of Sc is achieved. As an alternative approach, yeast mixture for eventual hybridization of Td with Sc was assayed in this study. The new yeast mixture clones (Sc-mixed Td) showed an intermediate phenotype between both parent yeasts for some relevant biotechnological properties, such as resistance to SO2, ethanol, copper, high CO2 pressure, and high temperature, as well as flocculation potential. These properties varied depending on the specific Sc-mixed Td clone. Several mixture clones showed improved capability for base wine fermentation as compared to the Td parent strain, approaching the fermentation capability of the Sc parent strain. The organoleptic quality of sparkling wine was also improved by using some mixture clones and this improved quality coincided with an increased amount of acetate and ethyl esters. The genetic stability of some Sc-mixed Td clones was good enough for commercial yeast production and winery applications.