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1. Biodiversity and vector‐borne diseases: Host dilution and vector amplification occur simultaneously for Amazonian leishmaniases

Author: Arthur Kocher, Josselin Cornuault, Jean‐Charles Gantier, Sophie Manzi, Agathe Chavy, Romain Girod, Isabelle Dusfour, Pierre‐Michel Forget, Marine Ginouves, Ghislaine Prévot, Jean‐François Guégan, Anne‐Laure Bañuls, Benoît de Thoisy, Jérôme Murienne, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (RJB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire Identifications Fongiques et Entomo-Parasitologique (L.I.F.E.), Université de Guyane (UG), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Association Kwata - Etude et protection de la nature [Guyane], Fondation de France, European Regional Development Fund, H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, Grant/Award Number: MSCAIF-EF-ST-708207, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grant/Award Number: ANR-10-LABX-25-01, ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-11-INBS-0001 and ANR-11-LABX--0010-DRIIHM, NSF-NIH Ecology of infectious diseases award, Grant/Award Number: 191145, ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), and ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: amplification effect, Culicidae, iDNA, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], dilution effect, metabarcoding, fungi, parasitic diseases, Genetics, phlebotomine sand fly, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, zoonotic disease
Abstract: Changes in biodiversity may impact infectious disease transmission through multiple mechanisms. We explored the impact of biodiversity changes on the transmission of Amazonian leishmaniases, a group of wild zoonoses transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies (Psychodidae), which represent an important health burden in a region where biodiversity is both rich and threatened. Using molecular analyses of sand fly pools and blood-fed dipterans, we characterized the disease system in forest sites in French Guiana undergoing different levels of human-induced disturbance. We show that the prevalence of Leishmania parasites in sand flies correlates positively with the relative abundance of mammal species known as Leishmania reservoirs. In addition, Leishmania reservoirs tend to dominate in less diverse mammal communities, in accordance with the dilution effect hypothesis. This results in a negative relationship between Leishmania prevalence and mammal diversity. On the other hand, higher mammal diversity is associated with higher sand fly density, possibly because more diverse mammal communities harbor higher biomass and more abundant feeding resources for sand flies, although more research is needed to identify the factors that shape sand fly communities. As a consequence of these antagonistic effects, decreased mammal diversity comes with an increase of parasite prevalence in sand flies, but has no detectable impact on the density of infected sand flies. These results represent additional evidence that biodiversity changes may simultaneously dilute and amplify vector-borne disease transmission through different mechanisms that need to be better understood before drawing generalities on the biodiversity-disease relationship. 1 Introduction 2 Material and methods 2.1 Sampling 2.2 Laboratory 2.3 Bioinformatic analyses 2.4 Estimating mammal diversity from individual dipteran blood meals 2.5 Effect of mammal diversity on Leishmania transmission 3 Results 3.1 Sampling and molecular analyses 3.2 Sand fly, vertebrate and Leishmania identifications 3.3 Statistical analyses 4 Discussion
Published: 2022

2. Treating leishmaniasis in Amazonia, part 2: Multi-target evaluation of widely used plants to understand medicinal practices

Author: Emeline Houël, Marine Ginouves, Nadine Azas, Eliane Bourreau, Véronique Eparvier, Sébastien Hutter, Adeline Knittel-Obrecht, Arnaud Jahn-Oyac, Ghislaine Prévot, Pascal Villa, Catherine Vonthron-Sénécheau, Guillaume Odonne, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Guyane (UG), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-forme de chimie biologique intégrative de Strasbourg (PCBiS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique (LIT), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by an 'Investissement d’Avenir' grant managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-25-01)., and ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: History, MESH: Leishmaniasis, Plantago major L, Polymers and Plastics, MESH: THP-1 Cells, THP-1 Cells, MESH: Leishmania, Antiprotozoal Agents, MESH: Plant Extracts, MESH: Hep G2 Cells, MESH: Plants, Medicinal, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Immunomodulation, Mice, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Drug Discovery, Animals, HaCaT Cells, Humans, MESH: RAW 264.7 Cells, MESH: Animals, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Business and International Management, MESH: Antiprotozoal Agents, Leishmaniasis, MESH: Mice, Pharmacology, Leishmania, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Plants, Medicinal, MESH: Humans, Plant Extracts, Hep G2 Cells, Plant use pattern, MESH: Leukocytes, Mononuclear, RAW 264.7 Cells, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infected macrophages, MESH: HaCaT Cells, MESH: Medicine, Traditional, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Bixa orellana L, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Medicine, Traditional, MESH: Brazil, Brazil
Abstract: International audience; Ethnopharmacological relevanceLeishmaniasis are widely distributed among tropical and subtropical countries, and remains a crucial health issue in Amazonia. Indigenous groups across Amazonia have developed abundant knowledge about medicinal plants related to this pathology.Aim of the studyWe intent to explore the weight of different pharmacological activities driving taxa selection for medicinal use in Amazonian communities. Our hypothesis is that specific activity against Leishmania parasites is only one factor along other (anti-inflammatory, wound healing, immunomodulating, antimicrobial) activities.Materials and methodsThe twelve most widespread plant species used against leishmaniasis in Amazonia, according to their cultural and biogeographical importance determined through a wide bibliographical survey (475 use reports), were selected for this study. Plant extracts were prepared to mimic their traditional preparations. Antiparasitic activity was evaluated against promastigotes of reference and clinical New-World strains of Leishmania (L. guyanensis, L. braziliensis and L. amazonensis) and L. amazonensis intracellular amastigotes. We concurrently assessed the extracts immunomodulatory properties on PHA-stimulated human PBMCs and RAW264.7 cells, and on L. guyanensis antigens-stimulated PBMCs obtained from Leishmania-infected patients, as well as antifungal activity and wound healing properties (human keratinocyte migration assay) of the selected extracts. The cytotoxicity of the extracts against various cell lines (HFF1, THP-1, HepG2, PBMCs, RAW264.7 and HaCaT cells) was also considered. The biological activity pattern of the extracts was represented through PCA analysis, and a correlation matrix was calculated.ResultsSpondias mombin L. bark and Anacardium occidentale L. stem and leaves extracts displayed high anti-promatigotes activity, with IC50 ≤ 32 μg/mL against L. guyanensis promastigotes for S. mombin and IC50 of 67 and 47 μg/mL against L. braziliensis and L. guyanensis promastigotes, respectively, for A. occidentale. In addition to the antiparasitic effect, antifungal activity measured against C. albicans and T. rubrum (MIC in the 16–64 μg/mL range) was observed. However, in the case of Leishmania amastigotes, the most active species were Bixa orellana L. (seeds), Chelonantus alatus (Aubl.) Pulle (leaves), Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D. Don. (leaves) and Plantago major L. (leaves) with IC50 < 20 μg/mL and infection rates of 14–25% compared to the control. Concerning immunomodulatory activity, P. major and B. orellana were highlighted as the most potent species for the wider range of cytokines in all tested conditions despite overall contrasting results depending on the model. Most of the species led to moderate to low cytotoxic extracts except for C. alatus, which exhibited strong cytotoxic activity in almost all models. None of the tested extracts displayed wound healing properties.ConclusionsWe highlighted pharmacologically active extracts either on the parasite or on associated pathophysiological aspects, thus supporting the hypothesis that antiparasitic activities are not the only biological factor useful for antileishmanial evaluation. This result should however be supplemented by in vivo studies, and attracts once again the attention on the importance of the choice of biological models for an ethnophamacologically consistent study. Moreover, plant cultural importance, ecological status and availability were discussed in relation with biological results, thus contributing to link ethnobotany, medical anthropology and biology.
Published: 2022

3. Spatial variations in Leishmaniasis: A biogeographic approach to mapping the distribution of Leishmania species

Author: Marine Ginouves, Pierre Couppié, Rodolphe E. Gozlan, Ghislaine Prévot, Marine Combe, Mathieu Nacher, Soushieta Jagadesh, Stéphane Simon, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine [Bern] (ISPM), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biome Tropical et Immuno-Pathophysiologie = Tropical Biome and ImmunoPhysiopathology [Lille] (TBIP), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Universität Bern [Bern], École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Guyane (UG), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Matillon, Mirlène
Subjects: Medicine (General), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Stacked species distribution modelling, Spatial distribution, 03 medical and health sciences, Zoonosis, 0302 clinical medicine, R5-920, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, parasitic diseases, medicine, Deforestation, Endemism, 030304 developmental biology, One health, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Leishmaniasis, medicine.disease, Leishmania, biology.organism_classification, Environmental niche modelling, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, Biogeography, 13. Climate action, Vector (epidemiology), Spatial ecology, Research Paper
Abstract: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is the most prevalent form of Leishmaniasis and is widely endemic in the Americas. Several species of Leishmania are responsible for CL, a severely neglected tropical disease and the treatment of CL vary according to the different species of Leishmania. We proposed to map the distribution of the Leishmania species reported in French Guiana (FG) using a biogeographic approach based on environmental predictors. We also measured species endemism i.e., the uniqueness of species to a defined geographic location. Our results show that the distribution patterns varied between Leishmania spp. and were spatially dependent on climatic covariates. The species distribution modelling of the eco-epidemiological spatial patterns of Leishmania spp. is the first to measure endemism based on bioclimatic factors in FG. The study also emphasizes the impact of tree cover loss and climate on the increasing distribution of L. (Viannia) braziliensis in the most anthropized regions. Detection of high-risk regions for the different between Leishmania spp. is essential for monitoring and active surveillance of the vector. As climate plays a major role in the spatial distribution of the vector and reservoir and the survival of the pathogen, climatic covariates should be included in the analysis and mapping of vector-borne diseases. This study underscores the significance of local land management and the urgency of considering the impact of climate change in the development of vector-borne disease management strategies at the global scale., Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image
Published: 2021

4. Outbreak of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among military personnel in French Guiana, 2020: Clinical, phylogenetic, individual and environmental aspects

Author: Marion Schmitt, Ghislaine Prévot, Pierre Couppié, Jean-Marie Loreau, Magalie Demar, Guillaume Frechard, Marine Ginouves, Kim M. Henry, Miguel Hernandez, Pierre-Antoine Blanc, Romain Blaizot, A. Mayet, Nathalie André, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses - Laboratoire Associé de Cayenne = National Reference Centre for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (associate laboratory) [Cayenne], Centre médico-chirurgical de Kourou [Guyane française], Laboratoire de biologie médicale [Cayenne, Guyane française] (LBM), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Guyane (UG), CHU Lille, and Malbec, Odile
Subjects: Male, Epidemiology, Meglumine antimoniate, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RC955-962, Attack rate, Disease Vectors, Forests, Disease Outbreaks, Medical Conditions, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Zoonoses, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Amphotericin, Leishmaniasis, Phylogeny, Data Management, Leishmania, Protozoans, Ecology, Antimicrobials, Eukaryota, Drugs, Phylogenetic Analysis, Middle Aged, Terrestrial Environments, French Guiana, Phylogenetics, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Military Personnel, Infectious Diseases, Female, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, medicine.drug, Adult, Computer and Information Sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Leishmania guyanensis, Antiprotozoal Agents, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Mycology, Disease cluster, Microbiology, Ecosystems, Young Adult, Signs and Symptoms, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Microbial Control, Internal medicine, Parasitic Diseases, Humans, Evolutionary Systematics, Pentamidine, Taxonomy, Rainforests, Pharmacology, Antifungals, Evolutionary Biology, Miltefosine, Protozoan Infections, business.industry, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, Outbreak, Tropical Diseases, medicine.disease, Parasitic Protozoans, Insect Vectors, Sand Flies, Species Interactions, Medical Risk Factors, Lesions, Clinical Medicine, business
Abstract: Background Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in French Guiana but cases are usually sporadic. An outbreak signal was issued on May 15th 2020 with 15 suspected cases after a military training course in the rainforest. An outbreak investigation was carried out. Methodology/Principal findings Thirty cases were confirmed. Leishmania guyanensis was the most frequent species (90%). The most frequent presentation was ulcerative (90%). Lesions on the face and hands were frequent (40% each). Eight cases (26%) presented a poor outcome after treatment with pentamidine and required a second line with amphotericin B. Three of them required further treatments with meglumine antimoniate or miltefosine. Two spots within the training area were deemed as likely sites of contamination, due to illegal logging. The isolated Leishmania strains did not form a separate cluster. Participation in Week 13 of year 2020 was associated with infection (OR = 4.59 [1.10–19.83]; p = 0.016) while undergoing only the “Fighting” exercise was protective (OR = 0.1 [0–0.74]; p = 0.021). There was no association between infection and other risk factors at the individual level. The attack rate of Regiment B (14/105 = 13.3%) was significantly higher (OR = 4.22 [1.84–9.53], p = 0.0001) compared to Regiment A (16/507 = 3.2%). The attack rate during this training course (30/858 = 3.5%) was significantly higher (OR 2.29 [1.28–4.13]; p = 0.002) than for other missions in French Guiana during the same period (22/1427 = 1.5%). Conclusions This outbreak could be explained by a combination of factors: climatic conditions around week 13, at-risk activities including night trainings, absence of impregnation, a lesser experience of rainforest duties in Regiment B and illegal logging attracting sandflies on military training grounds., Author summary Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus and infects humans after a sandfly bite. Outbreaks are rare and hard to investigate in isolated tropical areas. In this study, the authors explored the different possible origins of an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis among soldiers training in the rainforest of French Guiana. The outbreak occurred in March 2020. Concerning the symptoms, several patients presented resistant infections and multiple lines of treatment, raising the issue of resistant Leishmania strains. The different strains isolated during the outbreak were not genetically closed, as far as routine PCR techniques would indicate. The authors looked for individual behaviours exposing soldiers to sandfly bites but none was significantly associated with infection. The authors found two spots in the military training areas where illegal logging probably increased the density of sandflies and put service members at risk. The 13th week of 2020 was associated to a higher risk of infection due to climatic conditions. This study shows how interactions between humans and the rainforest can increase the risk of parasitic outbreaks.
Published: 2021

5. Ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases in French Guiana: Transdisciplinarity does matter to tackle new emerging threats

Author: Anne Lavergne, Marine Ginouves, Florian Binetruy, Claude Flamand, Mathieu Nacher, Emmanuel Roux, Roxane Schaub, Sébastien Gourbière, Benoit de Thoisy, Pierre Couppié, Arthur Kocher, Lise Musset, Philippe Quénel, Sourakhata Tirera, Luisiane Carvalho, Jérôme Murienne, Sébastien Briolant, Magalie Demar, Yanouk Epelboin, Ghislaine Prévot, Olivier Duron, Isabelle Dusfour, Benjamin Roche, Maylis Douine, Stéphane Pelleau, Luana Mathieu, Agathe Chavy, Loïc Epelboin, Alain Franc, Paul Le Turnier, Pauline Thill, Jean-François Guégan, Emeline Houël, Dominique Rousset, Stanislas Talaga, Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre de Recherche en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé (CREES), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Centre Collaborateur OMS pour la surveillance de la résistance aux antipaludiques [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CCOMS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Laboratoire de Parasitologie [Cayenne, Guyane française], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Santé publique France Guyane, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Université de Guyane (UG), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Département de Santé Globale - Department Global Health, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes (LGDP), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc [Cayenne, Guyane française], Unité d'Epidémiologie [Cayenne, Guyane française], Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), from patterns to models in computational biodiversity and biotechnology (PLEIADE), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biome Tropical et Immuno-Pathophysiologie = Tropical Biome and ImmunoPhysiopathology [Lille] (TBIP), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Nantes (CIC Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Malaria : parasites et hôtes - Malaria : parasites and hosts, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), LMI Sentinela [Rio de Janeiro], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du Voyageur [Tourcoing], Centre Hospitalier Tourcoing, Centre Hospitalier Gustave Dron [Tourcoing], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work has benefited from three 'Investissement d’Avenir' grants managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-25-01, TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041, DRIIHM: ANR-11-LABX-0010). The two lead coauthors received European funding through the European Regional Development Fund Operational Program FEDER RESERVOIRS Project (BdT) and a US NSF-NIH (NSF#1911457) Ecology of infectious diseases award (J-FG). J-FG is also supported by IRD, INRAE, and Université of Montpellier. OD thanks l’Office français de la biodiversité, le Groupe d'Étude et de Protection des Oiseaux en Guyane (GEPOG), la Direction de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Forêt de Guyane (DAAF). AL acknowledges European funding through the European Regional Development Fund Operational Program FEDER RESERVOIRS, CAROLLIA, EFAG and VIRUSES projects. LM is supported by European funding through the European Regional Development Fund Operational Program FEDER ELIMALAR project and Santé publique France as the National Reference Center for Malaria. PQ thanks Publique France/Cire Guyane, CNR sur les arboviroses, CNR du paludisme. EH and ID acknowledge European funding through the European Regional Development Fund Operational Program FEDER CONTROLE Projet, the French Guiana Regional Council and the Air Liquide Foundation. SB is supported by the French Army (Grant LR607e). ER is grateful for European funding through the European Regional Development Fund Operational Program FEDER OSE-Guyamapa project, the French Embassy in Brazil, the Guyamazon program ('GAPAM-Sentinela' project), CNES, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Dusfour, Isabelle, Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID, Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental - - TULIP2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0041 - LABX - VALID, Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux - - DRIIHM / IRDHEI2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0010 - LABX - VALID, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, Ecology (disciplines), media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 030106 microbiology, Immigration, Interdisciplinary Research, Wildlife, Vector Borne Diseases, Animals, Wild, Anthropogenic pressures, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Zoonoses, Genetics, Prevalence, Animals, Humans, Human Activities, Molecular Biology, Epidemiologic transition, Global change, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, media_common, Demography, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Resistance (ecology), Ecology, Incidence, Outbreak, 15. Life on land, French Guiana, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Epidemiological transition, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Promiscuity, Vector (epidemiology), [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases
Abstract: International audience; French Guiana is a European ultraperipheric region located on the northern Atlantic coast of South America. It constitutes an important forested region for biological conservation in the Neotropics. Although very sparsely populated, with its inhabitants mainly concentrated on the Atlantic coastal strip and along the two main rivers, it is marked by the presence and development of old and new epidemic disease outbreaks, both research and health priorities. In this review paper, we synthetize 15 years of multidisciplinary and integrative research at the interface between wildlife, ecosystem modification, human activities and sociodemographic development, and human health. This study reveals a complex epidemiological landscape marked by important transitional changes, facilitated by increased interconnections between wildlife, land-use change and human occupation and activity, human and trade transportation, demography with substantial immigration, and identified vector and parasite pharmacological resistance. Among other French Guianese characteristics, we demonstrate herein the existence of more complex multi-host disease life cycles than previously described for several disease systems in Central and South America, which clearly indicates that today the greater promiscuity between wildlife and humans due to demographic and economic pressures may offer novel settings for microbes and their hosts to circulate and spread. French Guiana is a microcosm that crystallizes all the current global environmental, demographic and socioeconomic change conditions, which may favor the development of ancient and future infectious diseases.
Published: 2021

6. Validation of Swab Sampling and SYBR Green-Based Real-Time PCR for the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in French Guiana

Author: D. Blanchet, Marine Ginouves, P. Couppié, Ghislaine Prévot, M. Demar, Cécile Nabet, Romain Blaizot, Christophe Ravel, Stéphane Simon, Département de dermatologie [CH andré-Rosemont, Cayenne], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Biome Tropical et Immuno-Pathophysiologie = Tropical Biome and ImmunoPhysiopathology [Lille] (TBIP), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses - Laboratoire Associé de Cayenne = National Reference Centre for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (associate laboratory) [Cayenne], Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses [CHRU Montpellier] (CNR-L), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), This work did not receive any specific funding but received routine funding from the National Reference Centre for Leishmaniasis., Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, 030231 tropical medicine, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, cutaneous leishmaniasis, 0302 clinical medicine, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, law, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sanger sequencing, biology, business.industry, Sampling (statistics), Diagnostic test, DNA, Protozoan, South America, medicine.disease, Leishmania, biology.organism_classification, Virology, French Guiana, 3. Good health, neglected tropical disease, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, PCR, diagnostic test, symbols, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Parasitology, Cotton swab, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, business, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Abstract: Recent studies have highlighted the interest in noninvasive sampling procedures coupled with real-time PCR methods for the detection of Leishmania species in South America. In French Guiana, the sampling method still relied on skin biopsies. Noninvasive protocols should be tested on a large annual cohort to improve routine laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of a new Leishmania detection and species identification protocol involving cotton swabs and SYBR green-based real-time PCR of the Hsp70 gene, coupled with Sanger sequencing., Recent studies have highlighted the interest in noninvasive sampling procedures coupled with real-time PCR methods for the detection of Leishmania species in South America. In French Guiana, the sampling method still relied on skin biopsies. Noninvasive protocols should be tested on a large annual cohort to improve routine laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of a new Leishmania detection and species identification protocol involving cotton swabs and SYBR green-based real-time PCR of the Hsp70 gene, coupled with Sanger sequencing. Between May 2017 and May 2018, 145 patients with ulcerated lesions compatible with cutaneous leishmaniasis were included in the study at the Cayenne Hospital and its remote health centers. Each patient underwent scrapings for a smear, skin biopsies for parasite culture and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (RNA polymerase II), and sampling with a cotton swab for SYBR green-based PCR. The most accurate diagnostic test was the SYBR green-based PCR on swab samples, showing 98% sensitivity. The mean PCR cycle threshold (CT) was 24.4 (minimum CT, 17; maximum CT, 36) and was
Published: 2021

7. Leishmania naiffi and lainsoni in French Guiana: Clinical features and phylogenetic variability

Author: Stéphane Simon, Romain Blaizot, Marine Ginouves, Pierre Couppié, Ghislaine Prévot, Magalie Demar, Océane Ducharme, Université de Guyane (UG), Tropical Biome and ImmunoPathophysiology (TBIP), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RC955-962, Geographical Regions, Pediatrics, Geographical locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical Conditions, Zoonoses, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Child, Leishmaniasis, Phylogeny, Data Management, Coastal Regions, Protozoans, Leishmania, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Geography, Eukaryota, Neglected Diseases, Phylogenetic Analysis, Cytochromes b, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Phylogenetics, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Pediatric Infections, Brazil, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, Computer and Information Sciences, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Leishmania guyanensis, Zoology, Nucleotide Sequencing, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Research and Analysis Methods, Mining, 03 medical and health sciences, Signs and Symptoms, Leisure Activities, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, Humans, Evolutionary Systematics, HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins, Genetic variability, Molecular Biology Techniques, Sequencing Techniques, Molecular Biology, Taxonomy, Retrospective Studies, Evolutionary Biology, Protozoan Infections, Molecular epidemiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Infant, Sequence Analysis, DNA, South America, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Tropical Diseases, Parasitic Protozoans, Regional Geography, 030104 developmental biology, Lesions, Earth Sciences, People and places, Clinical Medicine
Abstract: In French Guiana, five species are associated with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL). Though infections with Leishmania guyanensis, L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (L.) amazonensis have been extensively described, there are few available clinical and genetic data on L. (V.) lainsoni and L. (V.) naiffi. We determined the clinical and epidemiological features of all cases of CL due to L. (V.) naiffi and L. (V.) lainsoni diagnosed in French Guiana between 2003 and 2019. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by sequencing a portion of HSP70 and cyt b genes. Five cases of L. naiffi and 25 cases of L. lainsoni were reported. Patients infected by L. (V.) lainsoni were usually infected on gold camps, mostly along the Maroni river (60%), while L. naiffi was observed in French patients infected on the coast (100%). A high number of pediatric cases (n = 5; 20%) was observed for L. (V.) lainsoni. A mild clinical course was observed for all cases of L. (V.) naiffi. HSP70 and cyt b partial nucleotide sequence analysis revealed different geographical clusters within L. (V.) naiffi and L. (V.) lainsoni but no association were found between phylogenetic and clinical features. Our data suggest distinct socio-epidemiological features for these two Leishmania species. Patients seem to get infected with L. (V.) naiffi during leisure activities in anthropized coastal areas, while L. (V.) lainsoni shares common features with L. (V.) guyanensis and braziliensis and seems to be acquired during professional activities in primary forest regions. Phylogenetic analysis has provided information on the intraspecific genetic variability of L. (V.) naiffi and L. (V.) lainsoni and how these genotypes are distributed at the geographic level., Author summary Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease affecting at least 12 million people in 96 countries. In French Guiana, five species of Leishmania are involved in human disease: Leishmania (V.) guyanensis, Leishmania (V.) braziliensis and Leishmania (L.) amazonensis are common and have been extensively studied. Leishmania (V.) lainsoni and Leishmania (V.) naiffi are less frequent and very few data are available on the patients infected by these species. In this study, we identified five cases of human patients infected by L. (V.) naiffi and 25 cases of L. (V.) lainsoni. Patients infected by L. (V.) lainsoni were usually god miners infected in the rainforest, while L. naiffi was observed in patients infected on the anthropized coast of French Guiana. L. naiffi was associated with mild lesions. Pentamidine was an efficient treatment for most cases of both species.
Published: 2020

8. American cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana: a retrospective comparison between liposomal amphotericin B and meglumine antimoniate

Author: G. Alcoba, Ghislaine Prévot, Marine Ginouves, A. Senchyna, S. Simon, H. Cissé, Romain Blaizot, Pierre Couppié, Magalie Demar, Université de Guyane (UG), Tropical Biome and ImmunoPathophysiology (TBIP), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Meglumine antimoniate, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Antiprotozoal Agents, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Dermatology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Amphotericin B, Correspondence, parasitic diseases, medicine, Research Letter, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Retrospective Studies, ddc:613, Meglumine Antimoniate, business.industry, American cutaneous leishmaniasis, United States, Research Letters, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Liposomal amphotericin, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; New World cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in many countries of Latin America, including French Guiana 1. While pentamidine is the first‐line treatment against Leishmania guyanensis in this territory 2, pentavalent antimonials such as meglumine antimoniate (MA) are recommended in case of L. braziliensis or pentamidine‐resistant strains of other species 2. Liposomal amphotericin B (L‐AmB) (Ambisome ®) is widely used against fungi and visceral leishmaniasis 3. However, data concerning its efficacy in New World CL are scarce and contradictory 4‐7. Due to a shortage in MA, the Cayenne Hospital started using L‐AmB as an alternative in 2015. We conducted a retrospective study to compare efficacy and safety of L‐AmB and MA in patients treated for CL.
Published: 2020

9. American cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana: an epidemiological update and study of environmental risk factors

Author: Stéphane Simon, Magalie Demar, Marine Ginouves, Cécile Nabet, Paul Brousse, Denis Blanchet, Romain Blaizot, Pierre Couppié, and Rémi Loiseau
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endemic Diseases, Biopsy, Leishmania guyanensis, Population, Leishmania mexicana, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Dermatology, Forests, Leishmania braziliensis, Mining, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, education, Aged, Skin, education.field_of_study, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Leishmaniasis, Anthropization, Environmental Exposure, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, French Guiana, Tropical Medicine Rounds, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Skin biopsy, Female, Gold, business, Demography
Abstract: Background American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is endemic in French Guiana. Its epidemiology is evolving, notably because of immigration, anthropization of natural areas, and new microbiological methods. Our first objective was to update epidemiological data. Our second objective was to look for risk factors of ACL. Methods This multicentric study was conducted from October 2017 to June 2018 in French Guiana. Patients with suspicion of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis were included in case of positive smear, culture, or PCR‐RFLP on skin biopsy. Results One hundred and twenty‐three patients met the inclusion criteria. Among those patients, 59.3% were Brazilian, mostly gold miners. Most of them (58%) were between 16 and 40 years old, and 69% were male. A large proportion of patients lived in traditional wooden houses (51%). Patients living in coastal towns were usually infected during trips to the primary forest (60%) and had a shorter time to diagnosis than workers of the hinterland. Among environmental risk factors, the presence of a water spring (40%) and dogs around houses (40%) were frequently reported. Leishmania guyanensis represented 80% of cases, followed by Leishmania braziliensis (6%), Leishmania naiffi (2%), and Leishmania amazonensis (1%). Conclusions Gold mining and trips to the primary forest represent high‐risk situations for ACL in French Guiana, where the population of infected patients is dominated by Brazilian immigrants. Possible environmental risk factors such as the presence of dogs, water sources, and traditional wooden houses require further investigation.
Published: 2019

10. Identification of French Guiana sand flies using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry with a new mass spectra library

Author: Cécile Nabet, Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos, Benoit de Thoisy, Anne Cécile Normand, Renaud Piarroux, Marine Ginouves, Magalie Demar, Arthur Kocher, Ghislaine Prévot, Agathe Chavy, Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, RC955-962, Disease Vectors, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, 0302 clinical medicine, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, Common species, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Zoonoses, Medicine and Health Sciences, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, Phlebotomus / parasitologia, Leishmaniasis, Protozoans, Leishmania, Ecology, Database and informatics methods, Sequence analysis, Leishmaniose / transmiss?o, Eukaryota, Psychodidae / parasitologia, Mass Spectra, Terrestrial Environments, Regi?o Amaz?nica (BR), Vetores de Doen?as, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, Physical Sciences, Identification (biology), Female, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Bioinformatics, 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, Sequence Databases, Biology, Mass spectrometry, Research and Analysis Methods, Ecosystems, 03 medical and health sciences, Species level, Species Specificity, parasitic diseases, Parasitic Diseases, Animals, DNA sequence analysis, Gene Library, Protozoan Infections, fungi, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry, biology.organism_classification, Tropical Diseases, Guiana Francesa (GF), Parasitic Protozoans, Insect Vectors, Sand Flies, Protein profiling, Species Interactions, 030104 developmental biology, Biological Databases, Phlebotomus, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Espectrometria de Massas por Ioniza??o e Dessor??o a Laser Assistida por Matriz / m?todos, Reference database, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: Phlebotomine sand flies are insects that are highly relevant in medicine, particularly as the sole proven vectors of leishmaniasis. Accurate identification of sand fly species is an essential prerequisite for eco-epidemiological studies aiming to better understand the disease. Traditional morphological identification is painstaking and time-consuming, and molecular methods for extensive screening remain expensive. Recent studies have shown that matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a promising tool for rapid and cost-effective identification of arthropod vectors, including sand flies. The aim of this study was to validate the use of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of Northern Amazonian sand flies. We constituted a MALDI-TOF MS reference database comprising 29 species of sand flies that were field-collected in French Guiana, which are expected to cover many of the more common species of the Northern Amazonian region, including known vectors of leishmaniasis. Carrying out a blind test, all the sand flies tested (n = 157) with a log (score) threshold greater than 1.7 were correctly identified at the species level. We confirmed that MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling is a useful tool for the study of sand flies, including neotropical species, known for their great diversity. An application that includes the spectra generated here will be available to the scientific community in the near future via an online platform., Author summary Phlebotomine sand flies are small insects, mostly known for their role in the transmission of Leishmania parasites to humans and other mammals. In French Guiana, the main clinical form of the disease manifests as cutaneous lesions also called American cutaneous leishmaniasis. The transmission of Leishmania from wild mammals to humans depends on the species of sand fly involved in the transmission. To better understand the mechanism of disease transmission, it is essential to accurately identify sand flies, including both vector and non-vector species. Until now, sand flies have mainly been identified using morphological and molecular methods. Recent studies have shown that a new tool based on protein profiling compiled in a library of spectra may be useful for the identification of arthropod vectors. This tool has the advantage of being less time-consuming, less expensive and does not require technical skills. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness and accuracy of this new tool in identifying Northern Amazonian sand flies.
Published: 2019

11. Ecological niche modelling for predicting the risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Neotropical moist forest biome

Author: Magalie Demar, Jean-François Guégan, Giovanny Herrera, Ghislaine Prévot, Alessandra Nava, Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos, Benoit de Thoisy, Marine Ginouves, Agathe Chavy, Juan David Ramírez, Sérgio Luiz Bessa Luz, Donnat, Martin, Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID, Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Universidad del Rosario [Bogota], Instituto Evandro Chagas, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This study was conducted within the RESERVOIRS program supported by European (ERDF/FEDER) funds and assistance from Collectivité Territoriale de la Guyane and Direction Régionale pour la Recherche et la Technologie, and the MicroBIOME project granted by Laboratoire d'Excellence CEBA 'Investissement d’Avenir' and managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, Ref. ANR-10-LABEX-25-01). AC benefits from a PhD grant from the French Guiana University. JFG is sponsored by Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la recherche agronomique and Montpellier University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ANR-10- LABX-25-01,CEBA,Labex CEBA ANR-10- LABX-25-01, de Thoisy, Benoit, and Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Climate, Ecological phenomena and functions, Seasonal variation, RC955-962, Disease transmission, Ecological niche, Biome, Forests, Disease Vectors, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Zoonoses, Prevalence, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biomass, Leishmaniasis, Mammals, French guiana, Ecology, cutaneous, Altitude, Incidence, Eukaryota, Terrestrial Environments, French Guiana, Santé publique et épidémiologie, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Leishmaniose Cut?nea / transmiss?o, Vertebrates, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Seasons, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Human, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Leishmaniose Cut?nea, Neotropics, Forest Ecology, Ecological Metrics, 030231 tropical medicine, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Skin leishmaniasis, Ecosystems, 03 medical and health sciences, Population Metrics, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Tropical rain forest, Forest ecology, Parasitic Diseases, medicine, Human footprint, Humans, Animals, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Ecosystem, Forest, Environmental temperature, Poverty, Population Density, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Ecologia / tend?ncias, Protozoan Infections, Population Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, Species Diversity, South America, 15. Life on land, Tropical Diseases, medicine.disease, Human impact on the environment, Ecossistema, Species Interactions, 030104 developmental biology, South america, 13. Climate action, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Anthropology, Vector (epidemiology), Amniotes, Population density, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Season, Species richness, Geographic distribution, Prediction
Abstract: A major challenge of eco-epidemiology is to determine which factors promote the transmission of infectious diseases and to establish risk maps that can be used by public health authorities. The geographic predictions resulting from ecological niche modelling have been widely used for modelling the future dispersion of vectors based on the occurrence records and the potential prevalence of the disease. The establishment of risk maps for disease systems with complex cycles such as cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be very challenging due to the many inference networks between large sets of host and vector species, with considerable heterogeneity in disease patterns in space and time. One novelty in the present study is the use of human CL cases to predict the risk of leishmaniasis occurrence in response to anthropogenic, climatic and environmental factors at two different scales, in the Neotropical moist forest biome (Amazonian basin and surrounding forest ecosystems) and in the surrounding region of French Guiana. With a consistent data set never used before and a conceptual and methodological framework for interpreting data cases, we obtained risk maps with high statistical support. The predominantly identified human CL risk areas are those where the human impact on the environment is significant, associated with less contributory climatic and ecological factors. For both models this study highlights the importance of considering the anthropogenic drivers for disease risk assessment in human, although CL is mainly linked to the sylvatic and peri-urban cycle in Meso and South America., Author summary Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease with a complex transmission cycle that includes many parasite, vector and host species. This disease continues to pose public health problems worldwide despite the measures put in place. In recent years, methodological tools commonly used in ecology, called ecological niche prediction models, have made it possible to determine the environmental and anthropogenic variables that may be favourable to the presence of the host and vector species communities involved in the cycle and therefore to the presence of certain disease agents. The use of these models, based on the presence of human cases of the disease, can overcome some of the uncertainties concerning the diversity of the vectors and the potential hosts involved in the transmission cycle. This approach of health ecology combining ecology and epidemiology could provide new insights into understanding the cycle of disease transmission and the influence of environmental factors and thus improve the prediction of disease emergence and epidemics. It can be applied to various vector-borne diseases whose transmission cycles are still poorly understood and for which studies classically carried out in epidemiology have not prevented disease progression.
Published: 2019

12. Ecological aspects of Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in an Amazonian/ Guianan bordering area

Author: Elizabeth F. Rangel, Ghislaine Prévot, Rosemere Duarte, Marinete Marins Póvoa, Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos, Fernando Tobias Silveira, Marine Ginouves, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Entomology, Amazonian, Disease transmission, 0302 clinical medicine, Leishmania guyanensis / parasitologia, Bacia do Baixo Rio Oiapoque (AP), [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Leishmania guyanensis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Leishmania, biology, Ecology, Psychodidae / parasitologia, 030108 mycology & parasitology, Vetores de Doen?as, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, Leishmaniose Cut?nea / transmiss?o, Ecotope, Vector ecology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Enzootic, Female, Seasons, Leishmaniose Cut?nea / parasitologia, Brazil, State of Amapá, 030231 tropical medicine, Macap? (AP), Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Leishmania guyanensis / patogenicidade, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Psychodidae, Ecosystem, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Research, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Guiana Francesa (GF), [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Insect Vectors, Vector (epidemiology), Parasitology
Abstract: This research was financially supported by the IEC and by the Programa de Apoio ? Publica??o Qualificada (Edital 01/2018 PROPESP/UFPA) Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas Programa de P?s Gradua??o em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasit?rios. Bel?m, PA, Brazil / Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Universit? de Guyane.D?partement de M?decine, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale. Labex CEBA. Cayenne, French Guiana. Universit? de Guyane.D?partement de M?decine, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale. Labex CEBA. Cayenne, French Guiana. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Sa?de Publica S?rgio Arouca. Laborat?rio de Imunodiagn?stico. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas Programa de P?s Gradua??o em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasit?rios. Bel?m, PA, Brazil Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas Programa de P?s Gradua??o em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasit?rios. Bel?m, PA, Brazil / Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laborat?rio Interdisciplinar de Vigil?ncia Entomol?gica em Diptera e Hemiptera. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Background: An entomological study was conducted in the municipality of Oiapoque (lower Oyapock River Basin) in the Brazilian side bordering French Guiana to gain information on the transmission pattern of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in that region, presumed to reflect the classical Amazonian/Guianan enzootic scenario. Methods: Three ecologically isolated forested areas near urban environments were surveyed during the rainy and dry seasons of 2015 and 2016, using a multi-trapping approach comprising ground-level and canopy light traps, black and white colored cloth Shannon traps and manual aspiration on tree bases. Female phlebotomines were dissected to find infections and isolate flagellates from Leishmania spp. The strains were characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and compared with those of local ACL cases and World Health Organization reference strains. Results: Nyssomyia umbratilis, Trichopygomyia trichopyga and Evandromyia infraspinosa were the most frequently found species. Findings on relative abundance, spatiotemporal vector/ACL congruence, natural infections and anthropophilic insights strengthened the Guianan classical transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis by Ny. umbratilis and suggested further investigations for Ev. infraspinosa. Nyssomyia umbratilis showed an eclectic feeding habit, including bird blood. Ecological data and literature reports also included Psychodopygus squamiventris maripaensis and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata on the list of suspected vectors. Conclusions: These findings contributed to understanding ACL ecoepidemiology in the Amazonian/Guianan scenario. Local studies are required to better comprehend the Leishmania spp. enzootic mosaic in specific ecotopes.
Published: 2018

13. Leishmaniavirus genetic diversity is not related to leishmaniasis treatment failure

Author: Sébastien Briolant, Marine Ginouves, Eliane Bourreau, Magalie Demar, Paul Brousse, S. Simon, S. Rogier, P. Travers, V. Pommier de Santi, Pierre Couppié, Ghislaine Prévot, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre National de Référence Leishmania [Cayenne, Guyanne Française] (Laboratoire Associé), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie [CH de Cayenne, France], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Pôle des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins [CH Andrée Rosemon, Guyane Française], Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), This work was supported by the University of French Guiana and the Ministère Français de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique., This work has benefited from an 'Investissement d’Avenir' grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01)., We thank all trainees who participated in this project at the level of experimental work (Claudiane FLORAT, Yasmine AUGUSTE, Ruthly JEAN-BAPTISTE, Keïta BAGADI, Kévin JOSEPH). We also thank all CHC staff (Audrey Ambouille, Géraldine Gangasing, Philippe Travers, Basma Guarmit, Céline Michaud) and health centers staff (Maripasoula: Christelle Maabo, Wilmina Alfred, Melaine Boce and their colleagues, Papaichton: Naïka Amayota and colleagues, in Cacao: Malika Miquel and colleagues, in Saint Georges: Eric Crougneau and colleagues, in Apatou: Pauline Alifons and colleagues, in Saül: Séverine and colleagues, in Trois sauts: Benoit Quentin, Laure Gerold and colleagues) who helped us to carry out this project. We thank Antoine Adenis for his help in the sensitivity study. We thank reviewers and editor for their advice., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), CCSD, Accord Elsevier, Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)
Subjects: Male, Genotyping Techniques, genotype, Gastroenterology, Group B, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Genotype, Leishmaniavirus, Leishmania guyanensis, Phylogeny, LRV1, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0303 health sciences, biology, General Medicine, French Guiana, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, medicine.drug, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Virus, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, pentamidine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Retrospective Studies, treatment failure, 030304 developmental biology, Sequence Analysis, RNA, business.industry, Genetic Variation, Leishmaniasis, medicine.disease, Leishmania, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, business, Pentamidine
Abstract: Objectives The outcome of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) may depend on the presence of the Leishmania RNA virus (LRV). This virus may be involved in treatment failure. We aimed to determine whether genetic clusters of LRV1 are involved in this therapeutic outcome. Methods The presence of LRV1 was assessed in 129 Leishmania guyanensis isolates from patients treated with pentamidine in French Guiana. Among the 115 (89%) isolates found to carry LRV1, 96 were successfully genotyped. Patient clinical data were linked to the LRV data. Results The rate of treatment failure for LRV1-positive isolates was 37% (15/41) versus 40% (2/5) among LRV1-negative isolates (p 0.88). Concerning LRV1 genotypes, two predominant LRV1 groups emerged, groups A (23% (22/96)) and B (70% (67/96)). The treatment failure rate was 37% (3/8) for group A and 45% (9/20) for group B (p 0.31). Discussion Neither the presence nor genotype of LRV1 in patients with L. guyanensis seemed to correlate with pentamidine treatment failure.
Published: 2021

14. Use of the intramuscular route to administer pentamidine isethionate in Leishmania guyanensis cutaneous leishmaniasis increases the risk of treatment failure

Author: Sébastien Briolant, Hélène Savini, Pierre Couppié, Vincent Pommier de Santi, Jacques-Robert Christen, Frank de Laval, Ghislaine Prévot, Eliane Bourreau, Edward Lightburn, Marine Ginouves, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Magalie Demar, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Université de Guyane (UG), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), This work was supported by the French Military Health Service, The opinions or assertions expressed here are the personal views of the authors and should not be considered official or as a reflection of the views of the French Military Health Service, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), COMBE, Isabelle, Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pentamidine Isethionate, Military personnel, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Leishmania guyanensis, Population, Antiprotozoal Agents, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Injections, Intramuscular, Treatment failure, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, medicine, Odds Ratio, Humans, Treatment Failure, education, Pentamidine, Intramuscular route, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Leishmaniasis, Odds ratio, South America, medicine.disease, Dermatology, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Pentacarinat, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Administration, Intravenous, Female, business, Intravenous
Abstract: International audience; Background: New world cutaneous leishmaniasis (NWCL) can be found in French Guiana as well as in several other parts of Central and South America. Leishmania guyanensis accounts for nearly 90% of cases in French Guiana and is treated with pentamidine isethionate, given by either intramuscular or intravenous injection. The military population is particularly exposed due to repeated missions in the rainforest. The purpose of the present study was to identify the factors associated with pentamidine isethionate treatment failure in a series of service members with L. guyanensis NWCL acquired in French Guiana. Method: All the French service members reported as having acquired leishmaniasis in French Guiana from December 2013 to June 2016 were included. Results: Seventy-three patients infected with L. guyanensis were included in the final analysis. Patients treated with IV pentamidine isethionate had better response rates than those treated with IM pentamidine isethionate (p = 0.002, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.15, 95% CI [0.04-0.50]). The rate of treatment success was 85.3% (95% CI [68.9-95.0]) for IV pentamidine isethionate and 51.3% (95% CI [34.8-67.6]) for IM pentamidine isethionate. Conclusions: The use of intramuscular pentamidine isethionate in the treatment of Leishmania guyanensis cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with more treatment failures than intravenous pentamidine isethionate.
Published: 2018

15. Unraveling the genetic diversity and phylogeny of Leishmania RNA virus 1 strains of infected Leishmania isolates circulating in French Guiana

Author: Emilie Mosnier, Marine Ginouves, Vincent Vantilcke, Vincent Lacoste, Eliane Bourreau, Ignacio S. Caballero, Christiane Bouchier, Damien Donato, Sourakhata Tirera, Pierre Couppié, Anne Lavergne, Ghislaine Prévot, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Génomique (Plate-Forme) - Genomics Platform, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Département de Virologie - Department of Virology, ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), European Project: 285837,EC:FP7:REGPOT,FP7-REGPOT-2011-1,STRONGER(2011), Lacoste, Vincent, Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID, Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique - - France-Génomique2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0009 - INBS - VALID, Strengthening transdisciplinary research on infectious and emerging diseases in French Guiana: linking fieldwork, benchside and bedside - STRONGER - - EC:FP7:REGPOT2011-11-01 - 2015-04-30 - 285837 - VALID, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, MESH: Leishmaniavirus, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Leishmaniasis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Cluster Analysis, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: Phylogeny, Leishmaniasis, Phylogeny, Data Management, Genetics, Protozoans, Leishmania, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, Phylogenetic tree, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Database and informatics methods, Sequence analysis, Phylogenetic Analysis, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Phylogenetics, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: RNA, Viral, RNA, Viral, Female, MESH: Genome, Viral, Research Article, Adult, Computer and Information Sciences, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Bioinformatics, MESH: Leishmania, 030231 tropical medicine, Leishmaniavirus, MESH: Sequence Alignment, Nucleotide Sequencing, Genome, Viral, Biology, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Sequence Motif Analysis, MESH: French Guiana, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, Humans, Evolutionary Systematics, Molecular Biology Techniques, Sequencing Techniques, Genotyping, Molecular Biology, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, DNA sequence analysis, Taxonomy, Aged, Evolutionary Biology, MESH: Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Genetic Variation, RNA virus, lcsh:RA1-1270, MESH: Adult, Sequence Analysis, DNA, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Cluster Analysis, Parasitic Protozoans, MESH: Male, Research and analysis methods, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Sequence Alignment, MESH: Female
Abstract: Introduction Leishmania RNA virus type 1 (LRV1) is an endosymbiont of some Leishmania (Vianna) species in South America. Presence of LRV1 in parasites exacerbates disease severity in animal models and humans, related to a disproportioned innate immune response, and is correlated with drug treatment failures in humans. Although the virus was identified decades ago, its genomic diversity has been overlooked until now. Methodology/Principles findings We subjected LRV1 strains from 19 L. (V.) guyanensis and one L. (V.) braziliensis isolates obtained from cutaneous leishmaniasis samples identified throughout French Guiana with next-generation sequencing and de novo sequence assembly. We generated and analyzed 24 unique LRV1 sequences over their full-length coding regions. Multiple alignment of these new sequences revealed variability (0.5%–23.5%) across the entire sequence except for highly conserved motifs within the 5’ untranslated region. Phylogenetic analyses showed that viral genomes of L. (V.) guyanensis grouped into five distinct clusters. They further showed a species-dependent clustering between viral genomes of L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis, confirming a long-term co-evolutionary history. Noteworthy, we identified cases of multiple LRV1 infections in three of the 20 Leishmania isolates. Conclusions/Significance Here, we present the first-ever estimate of LRV1 genomic diversity that exists in Leishmania (V.) guyanensis parasites. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analyses of these viruses has shed light on their evolutionary relationships. To our knowledge, this study is also the first to report cases of multiple LRV1 infections in some parasites. Finally, this work has made it possible to develop molecular tools for adequate identification and genotyping of LRV1 strains for diagnostic purposes. Given the suspected worsening role of LRV1 infection in the pathogenesis of human leishmaniasis, these data have a major impact from a clinical viewpoint and for the management of Leishmania-infected patients., Author summary Leishmaniasis is a well-known parasitosis due to an infection by the protozoan Leishmania parasites firmly established in South America. In French Guiana, where leishmaniasis is a public health problem, having an annual incidence of 5.6 cases/10,000 inhabitants, 80% of Leishmania spp. parasites are infected by an endosymbiotic virus, Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1). The purpose of this study was to gain insights on the genetic variability and evolution of LRV1 at the genomic level. We subjected 20 Leishmania isolates obtained from cutaneous lesions with next generation sequencing and de novo sequence assembly. This allowed generating 24 LRV1 full-length coding sequences presenting among themselves a significant genetic diversity. The inferred phylogenetic relationships enabled to identify distinct well-supported genotypes and support the hypothesis of co-evolution between LRV1 strains and their parasite hosts. In addition, we identified multiple LRV1 infections in three parasite isolates. Based on these data, future characterization of new strains from other geographic areas and other parasite species should extend knowledge of LRV1 diversification processes. Finally, these results allowed us to identify genomic regions where best to allocate resources for subsequent analyses of LRV1 viral diversity and genotyping that could serve for accurate routine molecular diagnostic applications.
Published: 2017

16. Natural Leishmania ( Viannia ) infections of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) indicate classical and alternative transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Guiana Shield, Brazil

Author: Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos, Marine Ginouves, José Aprígio Nunes Lima, Jeffrey Jon Shaw, Edna Aoba Yassui Ishikawa, Yara Lúcia Lins Jennings, Ghislaine Prévot, Iorlando da Rocha Barata, Adelson Alcimar Almeida de Souza, Maria das Graças Soares Silva, Fernando Tobias Silveira, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Climate, Fauna, Esta??es do Ano, Brasil (BR), Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Leishmania viannia, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Leishmania, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Leishmaniose / transmiss?o, American cutaneous leishmaniasis, Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restri??o / gen?tica, 3. Good health, Guiana Francesa, Isoenzymes, Infectious Diseases, Transmission (mechanics), [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Seasons, Brazil, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Research Article, Veterinary (miscellaneous), 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Zoology, Biology, Mining, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Rea??o em Cadeia da Polimerase / m?todos, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Insetos Vetores / classifica??o, Psychodidae, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Leishmania / parasitologia, Densidade Demogr?fica, Leishmaniasis, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Ecossistema Amaz?nico, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Insect Vectors, Psychodidae / classifica??o, Natural infection, Guiana Shield, Insect Science, Phlebotomine, Psychodidae / patogenicidade, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology
Abstract: Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVS/MS, ICOMI/IRDA, EPaT/Universit? de Guyane, and CNR leishmaniose. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Par?. N?cleo de Medicina Tropical. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Universit? de Guyane. Ecosyst?mes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale. D?partement de M?decine, Cayenne French, Guiana. Universit? de Guyane. Ecosyst?mes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale. D?partement de M?decine, Cayenne French, Guiana. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Par?. N?cleo de Medicina Tropical. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Universidade de S?o Paulo. Instituto de Ci?ncias Biom?dicas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. From 1996 to 1999 multi-trapping methods (Center of Diseases Control, CDC) light traps, light-baited Shannon traps, and aspiration on tree bases) were used to study the phlebotomine fauna of the ?Serra do Navio? region of the Brazilian State of Amap?, which is part of the Guiana Shield. Fifty-three species were identified among 8,685 captured individuals. The following species, associated with the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Amazonian Brazil, were captured: Nyssomyia umbratilis (3,388), Psychodopygus squamiventris maripaensis (995), Ny. anduzei (550), Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (400), Ny. whitmani (291), Ps. paraensis (116), and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (50). Flagellate infections were detected in 45 flies. Of the 19 parasites isolated in vitro, 15 were Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis (13 in Ny. umbratilis, 1 in Ny. whitmani, 1 in Ny. anduzei) and three were L. (V.) naiffi (2 in Ps. s. maripaensis, 1 in Ny. anduzei). The results indicate the participation of three phlebotomine species in the transmission of L. (V.) guyanensis and two species in that of L. (V.) naiffi, and show that the same phlebotomine species is involved in the transmission of different Leishmania (Viannia) species in the Guianan/Amazon region. A review of the literature together with the results of the present study, and other published and unpublished results, indicate that eight phlebotomine species potentially participate in the transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi in Amazonia.
Published: 2017

17. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Varronia schomburgkii (DC.) Borhidi (Cordiaceae) from plants cultivated in French Guiana

Author: Pauline Burger, Denis Blanchet, Mehdi Khodjet el Khil, Xavier Fernandez, Marine Ginouves, Piero G. Delprete, Ghislaine Prévot, Camille Inès Scotto, Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Oleaflore, Conseil Régional de la Guyane, University of French Guiana, ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), European Project: 31454,FEDER- Presage, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidemiologie des Parasitoses Tropicales (EPaT Team), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Antifungal, medicine.drug_class, Leishmania guyanensis, Chemical composition, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Varronia schomburgkii, law.invention, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, law, Botany, medicine, chemical composition, Candida albicans, Essential oil, Candida spp, activities, biology, General Chemistry, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, anti-leishmanial potency, 0104 chemical sciences, French Guiana, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Cordiaceae, Antifungal activities, Anti-leishmanial potency, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, antifungal
Abstract: International audience; This study reports for the first time the chemical composition of the essential oil of Varronia schomburgkii (DC.) Borhidi cultivated in French Guiana. This essential oil was examined by a combination of GC/FID and GC-MS techniques and was further tested for antifungal activity against several Candida strains, as well as for anti-leishmanial activity against the reference strain Leishmania guyanensis. A total of 45 components accounting for 93.61% of the total GC/FID chromatogram were identified. The essential oil is dominated by sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes among which ?-caryophyllene (46.99 ± 0.32%) is the major one. No anti-leishmania activity could be assessed, while a strong antimicrobial activity of this essential oil was evidenced in vitro against a Candida albicans strain by the definition of a MIC value of 250 ?g/mL. V. schomburgkii essential oil might hence be considered in the future for the development of natural antifungal agents.
Published: 2017

18. Antifungal activities and chemical composition of the essential oil of Lippia micromera (Verbenaceae) cultivated in French Guiana

Author: Thomas Michel, Pauline Burger, Xavier Fernandez, Ghislaine Prévot, Piero G. Delprete, Camille Inès Scotto, M Khodjet el khil, Marine Ginouves, Denis Blanchet, Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Endangered species, Pharmaceutical Science, Rainforest, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, law, Drug Discovery, Botany, Verbenaceae, Leishmania guyanensis, Essential oil, Pharmacology, Candida spp, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Amazon rainforest, ved/biology, Organic Chemistry, Lippia micromera, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, French Guiana, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Complementary and alternative medicine, Threatened species, Molecular Medicine, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Antifungal and antiparasitic activities
Abstract: International audience; French Guyana is a part of the Amazonia rainforest identified as a biodiversity hotspot for both animal and plant species threatened with extinction [1]. With the generalized awareness of this endangered richness a number of conservation and promotion actions have been undertaken over the last years. In collaboration with the Guyarômes society, the potential valorization of essential oils from local plants on the international market is assessed. Lippia micromera Schauer (Verbenaceae family) is a strong aromatic shrub with many branched and white tiny flowers with yellow throat. Its origin is not well established but it is assumed that the plant is from northern South America (Colombia, Venezuela and Guiana), the Caribbean and Nicaragua. [2] It is one of the selected plants for such a valorization action. The species is well known for culinary seasoning, anti-inflamatory, anti-microbial and antioxidant activities [3]. The present poster reports for the first time the analysis of the chemical composition by GC-FID and GC-MS of the essential oil of L. micromera organically cultivated in French Guiana. A total of thirty-one components accounting for 97% of the total GC-FID chromatogram were identified. The evaluation of its antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities against strains of several Candida spp. (MIC) and Leishmania guyanensis (IC50) respectively shows a strong antimicrobial activity ranging from 125 µg/ml to 500 µg/ml according to the Candida species tested, while the anti-leishmania activity seems negligible. Thus the EO was assessed for its anti-ageing and antioxidant properties (in vitro tests in 96-wells plates) and revealed also a strong percentage of inhibition (more than 60%) for elastase and lipoxygenase assays.
Published: 2016

19. Composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Nashia inaguensis Millsp. (Verbenaceae) cultivated in French Guiana

Author: Mehdi Khodjet el Khil, Marine Ginouves, Xavier Fernandez, Ghislaine Prévot, Pauline Burger, Piero G. Delprete, Denis Blanchet, Camille Inès Scotto, Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), INRA - Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (Unité MIAJ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Antiparasitic, medicine.drug_class, Nashia inaguensis, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, law, Botany, Verbenaceae, medicine, Carvacrol, Leishmania guyanensis, Thymol, Essential oil, Candida spp, biology, Traditional medicine, General Chemistry, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Antimicrobial, biology.organism_classification, French Guiana, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Myrcene, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany, Antifungal and antiparasitic activities
Abstract: International audience; This study reports the chemical composition of the essential oil of Nashia inaguensis Millsp. organically cultivated in French Guiana. This essential oil was examined by a combination of GC/FID and GC-MS techniques. A total of thirty-one components accounting for 97% of the total GC/FID chromatogram were identified. The most abundant ones were carvacrol (23.1%), p-cymene (18.7%), ?-terpinene (14.6%), thymol methyl ether (10.3%), thymol (8.3%), trans-?-caryophyllene (8.0%) and myrcene (2.3%). The essential oil of N.inaguensis was tested for the first time for antifungal and antiparasitic activities against strains of several Candida spp. and Leishmania guyanensis respectively: the strong antimicrobial activity of this essential oil was confirmed in vitro by the definition of MIC values ranging from 125 ?g/mL to 500 ?g/mL according to the Candida species tested, while the anti-Leishmania activity assessed by the definition of an IC50 value seem negligible.
Published: 2016

20. Presence of Leishmania RNA Virus 1 in Leishmania guyanensis Increases the Risk of First-Line Treatment Failure and Symptomatic Relapse

Author: Dominique Sainte-Marie, Nicolas Fasel, Pierre Couppié, Ricardo Martin, Frédéric Schütz, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Antoine Bertolotti, Catherine Ronet, Mary-Anne Hartley, Marine Ginouves, Ghislaine Prévot, Francine Pratlong, J. Dufour, Eliane Bourreau, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses [CHRU Montpellier] (CNR-L), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), OPP1056785, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grand Challenges Explorations, Pierre Mercier Foundation (to C. R.), the Guiana Pasteur Institute–, 3100A0-116665/1, the French Ministry for Higher Education and Research, We thank Stephen Beverley (Washington University, St Louis, Missouri) and Jean-Claude Dujardin (Institute of Tropical Medecine, Antwerp, Belgium), for discussions and communications of unpublished data, the Pôle Intégré de Recherche Clinique of the Pasteur Institute, notably Nathalie Jolly, who facilitated the ethical approval, and Prof Pascal Launois, for helpful discussion, and Stéphane Simon, Loic Taglignani, and Patrick Lami, for their contribution regarding the Leishmania parasite cultures., Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)
Subjects: Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous, Male, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/virology, MESH: Treatment Failure, MESH: Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cohort Studies, MESH: Leishmania guyanensis/virology, Recurrence, mutualism exclusive, guyanensis, MESH: Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/epidemiology, MESH: Leishmaniavirus, MESH: Leishmania guyanensis/drug effects, Immunology and Allergy, MESH: Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology, Treatment Failure, Leishmaniavirus, Leishmania RNA virus, Leishmania guyanensis, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/drug therapy, drug treatment, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, Female, medicine.drug, Adult, Antiprotozoal Agents, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, pentamidine, medicine, Humans, MESH: Pentamidine/pharmacology, MESH: Humans, leishmaniasis L, RNA virus, Leishmaniasis, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Leishmania, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, MESH: Recurrence, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, MESH: Pentamidine/therapeutic use, MESH: Female, Pentamidine
Abstract: International audience; Treatment failure and symptomatic relapse are major concerns in American tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). Such complications are seen frequently in Leishmania guyanensis infections, in which patients respond variously to first-line antileishmanials and are more prone to develop chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis. The factors underlying this pathology, however, are unknown. Recently, we reported that a double-stranded RNA virus, Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1), nested within L. guyanensis parasites is able to exacerbate experimental murine leishmaniasis by inducing a hyperinflammatory response. This report investigates the prevalence of LRV1 in human L. guyanensis infection and its effect on treatment efficacy, as well as its correlation to symptomatic relapses after the completion of first-line treatment. In our cohort of 75 patients with a diagnosis of primary localized American TL, the prevalence of LRV1-positive L. guyanensis infection was elevated to 58%. All patients infected with LRV1-negative L. guyanensis were cured after 1 dose (22 of 31 [71%]) or 2 doses (31 of 31 [100%]) of pentamidine. In contrast, 12 of 44 LRV1-positive patients (27%) presented with persistent infection and symptomatic relapse that required extended therapy and the use of second-line drugs. Finally, LRV1 presence was associated with a significant increase in levels of intra-lesional inflammatory markers. In conclusion, LRV1 status in L. guyanensis infection is significantly predictive (P = .0009) of first-line treatment failure and symptomatic relapse and has the potential to guide therapeutic choices in American TL.
Published: 2016

21. Prevalence and Distribution of Leishmania RNA Virus 1 in Leishmania Parasites from French Guiana

Author: Ghislaine Prévot, Eliane Bourreau, Marine Ginouves, Stéphane Simon, Pierre Couppié, Catherine Ronet, Mathieu Nacher, Magalie Demar, Vincent Lacoste, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], This work was supported by the University of the French West Indies and French Guiana and the Ministère Français de l ’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique. It has benefited from an Investissement d’ Avenir grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, reference no. ANR-10-LABX-25-01), We thank trainees Claudiane Flora and Yasmina Auguste for their participation in this research work., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lacoste, Vincent, and Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Leishmaniasis, MESH: Leishmania, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Leishmania guyanensis, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, parasitic diseases, MESH: French Guiana, medicine, Parasite hosting, Humans, RNA Viruses, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Leishmaniasis, Leishmania, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MESH: Humans, biology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA virus, Articles, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Leishmania braziliensis, 3. Good health, Leishmania Infections, French Guiana, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, MESH: RNA, Viral, RNA, Viral, Parasitology, MESH: RNA Viruses, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; In South America, the presence of the Leishmania RNA virus type 1 (LRV1) was described in Leishmania guyanensis and Leishmania braziliensis strains. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence distribution of LRV1 in Leishmania isolates in French Guiana given that, in this French overseas department, most Leishmania infections are due to these parasite species. The presence of the virus was observed in 74% of Leishmania spp. isolates, with a highest presence in the internal areas of the country.
Published: 2016

22. Frequency and distribution of mixed Plasmodium falciparum-vivax infections in French Guiana between 2000 and 2008

Author: Ghislaine Prévot, Félix Djossou, Aurélia Stefani, Paul Brousse, Vincent Veron, Mathieu Nacher, Lise Musset, Eric Legrand, Bernard Carme, Marine Ginouves, Magalie Demar, Medicine Department, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Laboratoire de Parasitologie [Cayenne, Guyane française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Génétique et Génomique des Insectes vecteurs, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], This work was supported by the University of the French West Indies and French Guiana, the Ministère Français de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, the Institut de Veille Sanitaire. It has benefited from an Investissement d’Avenir grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, reference no. ANR-10-LABX-25-01)., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Mixed infections, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium vivax, Population, Plasmodium falciparum, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, parasitic diseases, Malaria, Vivax, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Malaria, Falciparum, education, Microscopy, education.field_of_study, biology, Coinfection, Research, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Treatment, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Vivax malaria, Immunology, Tropical medicine, Malaria
Abstract: Background The two main plasmodial species in French Guiana are Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum whose respective prevalence influences the frequency of mixed plasmodial infections. The accuracy of their diagnosis is influenced by the sensitivity of the method used, whereas neither microscopy nor rapid diagnostic tests allow a satisfactory evaluation of mixed plasmodial infections. Methods In the present study, the frequency of mixed infections in different part of French Guiana was determined using real time PCR, a sensitive and specific technique. Results From 400 cases of malaria initially diagnosed by microscopy, real time PCR showed that 10.75 % of the cases were mixed infections. Their prevalence varied considerably between geographical areas. The presence, in equivalent proportions, of the two plasmodial species in eastern French Guiana was associated with a much higher prevalence of mixed plasmodial infections than in western French Guiana, where the majority of the population was Duffy negative and thus resistant to vivax malaria. Conclusion Clinicians must be more vigilant regarding mixed infections in co-endemic P. falciparum/P. vivax areas, in order to deliver optimal care for patients suffering from malaria. This may involve the use of rapid diagnostic tests capable of detecting mixed infections or low density single infections. This is important as French Guiana moves towards malaria elimination.
Published: 2015

23. Comparison of Tetrazolium Salt Assays for Evaluation of Drug Activity against Leishmania spp

Author: Ghislaine Prévot, Pierre Couppié, Marine Ginouves, Bernard Carme, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Service de Dermatologie [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier Andre Rosemon, and Latour, Marie
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Leishmania guyanensis, Antiprotozoal Agents, Tetrazolium Salts, Parasitic Sensitivity Tests, Biology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Liver damage, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Leishmania, Leishmaniasis, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, French Guiana, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Drug activity, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, Colorimetry, Parasitology, Formazan
Abstract: In French Guiana, leishmaniasis is an essentially cutaneous infection. It constitutes a major public health problem, with a real incidence of 0.2 to 0.3%. Leishmania guyanensis is the causal species most frequently encountered in French Guiana. The treatment of leishmaniasis is essentially drug based, but the therapeutic compounds available have major side effects (e.g., liver damage and diabetes) and must be administered parenterally or are costly. The efficacy of some of these agents has declined due to the emergence of resistance in certain strains of Leishmania . There is currently no vaccine against leishmaniasis, and it is therefore both necessary and urgent to identify new compounds effective against Leishmania . The search for new drugs requires effective tests for evaluations of the leishmanicidal activity of a particular molecule or extract. Microculture tetrazolium assays (MTAs) are colorimetric tests based on the use of tetrazolium salts. We compared the efficacies of three tetrazolium salts—3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2 H -tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT), and 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2 H -tetrazolium (WST-8)—for quantification of the promastigotes of various species of Leishmania . We found that the capacity of Leishmania to metabolize a tetrazolium salt depended on the salt used and the species of Leishmania . WST-8 was the tetrazolium salt best metabolized by L. guyanensis and gave the best sensitivity.
Published: 2014

24. Leishmaniose cutanée multilésionnelle en Guyane française : étude comparative

Author: Mathieu Nacher, Dominique Sainte-Marie, J. Bonini, Marine Ginouves, Magalie Demar, Pierre Couppié, A. Darmon, N. Leduc, G. Prevot, S. Delaigue, J. Dufour, S. Labbé, and R. Boukari
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Dermatology, business
Abstract: Introduction Un certain nombre de patients contractant une leishmaniose cutanee presentent un nombre eleve de lesions. Differentes formes cliniques sont multilesionnelles : la leishmaniose cutanee disseminee, entite decrite pour la premiere fois au Bresil en 1994, se definissant par plus de dix lesions polymorphes dans plusieurs zones du corps distinctes, et faisant suite a une ou plusieurs lesions ulcerees, la leishmaniose associee au VIH, la leishmaniose cutanee diffuse et la leishmaniose post-Kala-Azar. Cette etude est realisee pour caracteriser les leishmanioses cutanees multilesionelles en Guyane. Materiel et methodes Il s’agissait d’une etude retrospective monocentrique, realisee a partir de la base de donnees des patients suivis en dermatologie au centre hospitalier de Cayenne. Les donnees demographiques, cliniques, biologiques, immunologiques et therapeutiques etaient analysees pour le groupe avec plus de 10 lesions sur au moins deux parties du corps distinctes (leishmaniose cutanee multilesionnelles-LML) puis comparees avec le groupe avec moins de 10 lesions (leishmaniose cutanee pauci-lesionnelles-LPL). Resultats De 2006 a 2015, on denombrait 479 cas de leishmaniose cutanee dont 20 cas de LML (4 %). Les caracteristiques des LML etaient : moyenne d’âge 35 ans ; sex-ratio H/F 4,3 ; origine bresilienne 9/20 ; VIH+ 5/20 ; nombre de lesions median : 17,5 [10–600] ; presence de lesions ulcerees 18/20 et de lesions non ulcerees 15/20 ; presence de lymphangite 8/20 ou d’adenopathies 5/20 ; identification d’espece par PCR : L. guyanensis 16/20 et L. braziliensis : 2/20. Le traitement le plus utilise en premiere intention etait la pentamidine 17/20 ; 11/20 guerissaient apres une cure. La comparaison LML et LPL en analyse univariee mettait en evidence des patients plus âges, (40,4 vs. 34,8 ans) ( p = 0,017) ; plus souvent VIH+ (25 % vs. 2,5 %) ( p p p = 0,023). En analyse multivariee, seule l’infection VIH etait statistiquement significativement associee a la LML ( p = 0,035). Discussion En Guyane, les LML peuvent etre dues aussi bien a L. guyanensis qu’a L. braziliensis . En cas de LML, les atteintes muqueuses et les lesions non ulcerees sont plus frequentes. Cependant apres elimination des facteurs de confusion, c’est principalement l’infection par le VIH qui apparait comme le facteur de risque principal. En termes de classement, la majorite des cas de LML relevaient du groupe leishmaniose cutanee disseminee telle que decrits par les auteurs bresiliens (75 %) et le reste relevait de l’association au VIH (25 %). Il n’y avait pas de leishmaniose cutanee diffuse ni de leishmaniose post-Kala-Azar. Conclusion En Guyane, devant une leishmaniose cutanee comportant plus de 10 lesions, il faut savoir rechercher une infection par le VIH.
Published: 2016

25. Leishmaniose cutanée et infection par le VIH en Guyane française : série de 33 cas

Author: R. Boukari, S. Labbé, Mathieu Nacher, Dominique Sainte-Marie, V. Vantilke, Magalie Demar, E. Sambourg, J. Dufour, Marine Ginouves, and Pierre Couppié
Subjects: Dermatology
Abstract: Introduction La leishmaniose cutanee est endemique en Guyane francaise (GF). L’incidence y est estimee a 2 cas/1000 habitants. Cinq especes sont presentes en GF et ont toutes un tropisme cutane. La grande majorite des cas est due a L. guyanensis. La prevalence du VIH en Guyane francaise est importante (1 %). Peu de donnees dans la litterature decrivent l’association VIH leishmaniose cutanee, les etudes concernent surtout la leishmaniose viscerale. L’objectif de l’etude etait de preciser les donnees cliniques de ces cas de leishmanioses associees au VIH. Materiel et methodes Il s’agit d’une etude retrospective realisee a partir des donnees du DMI2 et de la base de donnees des patients suivis en dermatologie au centre hospitalier de Cayenne. Les donnees demographiques, cliniques, biologiques, immunologiques et therapeutiques sont analysees. Resultats Nous decrivons 33 cas de leishmaniose cutanee chez des patients infectes par le VIH. La moyenne d’âge etait de 42 ans. Vingt-cinq avaient une forme cutanee localisee, 4 formes cutaneo-muqueuses dont 2 dans le cadre d’une forme disseminee, 4 avaient une forme disseminee sans atteinte muqueuse. La clinique etait majoritairement ulcero-nodulaire, 2 avaient plus de 100 lesions, 23 avaient moins de 5 lesions, 11 avaient une lymphangite et 7, des adenopathies. L’espece etait dans 13 cas due a L. guyanensis, 1 L. braziliensis, 1 L. lainsoni, indeterminee pour les autres. Le taux de CD4 etait inferieur a 200/mm3 chez 14 patients. Pour 23 des 33 cas le traitement a ete majore par rapport au standard, 24 ont eu une guerison finale et 7 etaient perdus de vue. Discussion Le profil clinique de la leishmaniose cutanee est modifiee par l’infection VIH : les formes muqueuses sont plus frequentes : 12 % dans notre etude versus
Published: 2015

26. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana: revising epidemiology with PCR-RFLP

Author: Mathieu Nacher, Marine Ginouves, Célia Basurko, Stéphane Simon, Pierre Couppié, Magalie Demar, Antoine Adenis, Amaury Roger, Bernard Carme, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine [Cayenne, Guyane] (COREVIH), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Hôpital de la Conception - APHM] (CIC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie [Cayenne, French Guiana], Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Veterinary medicine, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Biology, Leishmania braziliensis, 03 medical and health sciences, PCR-RFLP, 0302 clinical medicine, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, medicine, Species identification, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Leishmania species, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Leishmaniasis, medicine.disease, Leishmania, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Virology, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Background The development of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique for species identification among patients presenting leishmaniasis allowed to better determine the main circulating species in French Guiana. Methods A descriptive study of the Leishmania species was identified, and their spatiotemporal distribution was conducted using patient records between 2006 and 2013, with 1017 new cases of leishmaniasis diagnosed. Identification was realized by PCR-RFLP on 745 cases. Results The average proportions for different species were 86.2% for Leishmania (Vianna) guyanensis; 9.7% for Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis; 2.8% for Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis; and 1.3% for Leishmania (Vianna) lainsoni, and no case of Leishmania (Vianna) naiffi was identified. Over this period, the proportion of cases due to L. (V.) braziliensis seemed to increase from 8.9% in 2006 to 13.0% in 2013 notably near the gold mining zones. Conclusions The use of molecular tools has transformed the view of the local epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana.
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26 results on '"Marine Ginouves"'

1. Biodiversity and vector‐borne diseases: Host dilution and vector amplification occur simultaneously for Amazonian leishmaniases

2. Treating leishmaniasis in Amazonia, part 2: Multi-target evaluation of widely used plants to understand medicinal practices

3. Spatial variations in Leishmaniasis: A biogeographic approach to mapping the distribution of Leishmania species

4. Outbreak of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among military personnel in French Guiana, 2020: Clinical, phylogenetic, individual and environmental aspects

5. Ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases in French Guiana: Transdisciplinarity does matter to tackle new emerging threats

6. Validation of Swab Sampling and SYBR Green-Based Real-Time PCR for the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in French Guiana

7. Leishmania naiffi and lainsoni in French Guiana: Clinical features and phylogenetic variability

8. American cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana: a retrospective comparison between liposomal amphotericin B and meglumine antimoniate

9. American cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana: an epidemiological update and study of environmental risk factors

10. Identification of French Guiana sand flies using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry with a new mass spectra library

11. Ecological niche modelling for predicting the risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Neotropical moist forest biome

12. Ecological aspects of Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in an Amazonian/ Guianan bordering area

13. Leishmaniavirus genetic diversity is not related to leishmaniasis treatment failure

14. Use of the intramuscular route to administer pentamidine isethionate in Leishmania guyanensis cutaneous leishmaniasis increases the risk of treatment failure

15. Unraveling the genetic diversity and phylogeny of Leishmania RNA virus 1 strains of infected Leishmania isolates circulating in French Guiana

16. Natural Leishmania ( Viannia ) infections of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) indicate classical and alternative transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Guiana Shield, Brazil

17. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Varronia schomburgkii (DC.) Borhidi (Cordiaceae) from plants cultivated in French Guiana

18. Antifungal activities and chemical composition of the essential oil of Lippia micromera (Verbenaceae) cultivated in French Guiana

19. Composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Nashia inaguensis Millsp. (Verbenaceae) cultivated in French Guiana

20. Presence of Leishmania RNA Virus 1 in Leishmania guyanensis Increases the Risk of First-Line Treatment Failure and Symptomatic Relapse

21. Prevalence and Distribution of Leishmania RNA Virus 1 in Leishmania Parasites from French Guiana

22. Frequency and distribution of mixed Plasmodium falciparum-vivax infections in French Guiana between 2000 and 2008

23. Comparison of Tetrazolium Salt Assays for Evaluation of Drug Activity against Leishmania spp

24. Leishmaniose cutanée multilésionnelle en Guyane française : étude comparative

25. Leishmaniose cutanée et infection par le VIH en Guyane française : série de 33 cas

26. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana: revising epidemiology with PCR-RFLP

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