93 results on '"Martin Lindegren"'
Search Results
2. A spatial statistical approach for identifying population structuring of marine fish species: European sprat as a case study
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Martin Lindegren, Mikael van Deurs, Aurore Maureaud, James T Thorson, and Dorte Bekkevold
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Ecology ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Many marine fish species are widely distributed over large areas. Failing to acknowledge that such species may be composed of distinct populations may result in overestimation of the stock's true harvest potential. To avoid overexploitation, ways to identify population structuring are therefore needed. In this study, we developed and applied a statistical approach to identify biologically relevant population boundaries for a widely distributed marine fish species, European sprat (Sprattus sprattus). Specifically, we compiled and standardized multiple trawl-survey data sets and used a range of statistical tools to assess whether the current management boundaries adequately account for potential population structuring. Our results demonstrate regional differences in spatial abundance patterns, temporal dynamics and population demographics. These findings are in line with recent genetic studies of sprat, indicating reproductive isolation between the Baltic Sea/Kattegat and a larger cluster containing the North-, Irish-, Celtic Sea, and Bay of Biscay. Since relying on routinely collected survey data, our statistical approach can be a cost-effective complement to population genetic methods for detecting population structuring. These can be used to guide spatial management efforts and ensure sustainable exploitation, especially under climate change and the expected changes in species distributions across current management borders. more...
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- 2022
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3. Demersal fish biomass declines with temperature across productive shelf seas
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Daniël van Denderen, Aurore Maureaud, Ken Andersen, Sarah Gaichas, Martin Lindegren, Colleen Petrik, Charles Stock, and Jeremy Collie
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Fish community biomass is generally thought to decline with increasing temperature due to higher metabolic losses resulting in less efficient energy transfer in warm-water food webs. However, whether these metabolic predictions explain observed macroecological patterns in fish community biomass is virtually unknown. Here we test these predictions by examining the variation in demersal fish biomass across 21 productive shelf regions using high-resolution monitoring data from the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific. We find that biomass per km2 varies 40-fold across regions and is highest in cold waters and areas with low fishing exploitation. We find no evidence that temperature change has impacted biomass within marine regions over time. Yet, the cross-regional patterns suggest that long-term impacts of warming will be negative on biomass. These results provide an empirical basis for predicting future changes in fish community biomass and its associated services for human wellbeing i.e., food provisioning, under global warming. more...
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- 2023
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4. A trait-based approach to assess niche overlap and functional distinctiveness between non-indigenous and native species
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Antoni Vivó-Pons, Mats Blomqvist, Anna Törnroos, and Martin Lindegren
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Non-indigenous species (NIS) pose a major threat to biodiversity and the structure and functioning of ecosystems worldwide. However, our understanding of the underlying assembly processes acting on NIS, as well as the relationship with native species is limited, especially in marine ecosystems. To overcome this knowledge gap we here developed a trait-based approach to assess niche overlap and functional distinctiveness between NIS and native species, using high-resolution data on benthic invertebrate communities in the Baltic Sea as a case study. Our results show a moderate degree of functional distinctiveness of NIS if considering the entire trait space, but significant differences in individual traits, notably adult life span, size and bioturbation. This indicates that NIS may successfully establish by displaying only one or a few singular traits, while retaining a certain degree of similarity with the natives. Furthermore, we demonstrate pronounced spatial patterns in distinctiveness, largely explained by environmental conditions and biotic effects channeled through species richness and evenness. Hence, several community assembly processes, including environmental filtering and limiting similarity may affect the establishment and success of NIS, while their effect and relative importance may be highly context dependent. Finally, our trait-based approach provides a generic framework applicable to other areas and organisms, to better understand and address biological invasions and their impacts on biodiversity and marine ecosystem functioning at large. more...
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- 2022
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5. Supporting a stock assessment with spatio-temporal models fitted to fisheries-dependent data
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Arnaud Grüss, Jeremy R. McKenzie, Martin Lindegren, Richard Bian, Simon D. Hoyle, and Jennifer A. Devine
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Aquatic Science - Published
- 2023
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6. Tutorial for analysing trait-environment relationships
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Romain Frelat, Esther Beukhof, Benjamin Weigel, and Martin Lindegren
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Teaching ressources developed for FutureMares Task 1.2. Trait-environment workshop. 7th June 2021 All these ressources are under GNU General Public Licence v3. When using this resource, please cite it as: Frelat, R., Beukhof, E., Weigel, B. & Lindegren, M.(2022).Tutorial for analysing trait-environment relationships, Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6712534   more...
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- 2022
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7. Trait‐based food web model reveals the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships
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Aurore Maureaud, Lai Zhang, Ken Haste Andersen, and Martin Lindegren
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0106 biological sciences ,Food Chain ,Food web structure ,Biodiversity ,Predator-prey interactions ,Generalist and specialist species ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Animals ,Ecosystem ,Biomass ,Dominance ,Trait space ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Trophic level ,BEF relationship ,Biomass (ecology) ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Food web ,Geography ,Predatory Behavior ,Ecosystem functioning ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Species richness ,Global biodiversity - Abstract
1. The concept of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) has been studied over the last three decades using experiments, theoretical models, and more recently observational data. While theoretical models revealed that species richness is the best metric summarizing ecosystem functioning, it is clear that ecosystem function is explained by other variables besides species richness. Additionally, theoretical models rarely focus on more than one ecosystem function, limiting ecosystem functioning to biomass or production. There is a lack of theoretical background to verify how other components of biodiversity and species interactions support ecosystem functioning.2. Here, using simulations from a food web model based on a community assembly process and a trait-based approach, we test how species biodiversity, food web structure and predator-prey interactions determine several ecosystem functions (biomass, metabolism, production, and productivity).3. Our results demonstrate that the relationship between species richness and ecosystem functioning depends on the type of ecosystem function considered and the importance of diversity and food web structure differs across functions. Particularly, we show that dominance plays a major role in determining the level of biomass, and is at least as important as the number of species. We find that dominance occurs in the food web when species do not experience strong predation.4. By manipulating the structure of the food web, we show that species using a wider trait space (generalist communities) result in more connected food webs, and generally reach the same level of functioning with less species. The model shows the importance of generalist versus specialist communities on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, and as such, empirical studies should focus on quantifying the importance of diet/habitat use on ecosystem functioning.5. Our study provides a better understanding of BEF underlying mechanisms, and generates research hypotheses that can be considered and tested in observational studies. We recommend that studies investigating links between biodiversity and ecosystem functions should include metrics of dominance, species composition, trophic structure and possibly environmental trait space. We also advise that more effort should be made into calculating several ecosystem functions and properties with data from natural multi-trophic systems. more...
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- 2020
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8. Identifying Key Processes and Drivers Affecting the Success of Non-indigenous Marine Species in Coastal Waters
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Martin Lindegren, Aurelia Pereira Gabellini, Peter Munk, Karen Edelvang, and Flemming Hansen
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health care economics and organizations - Abstract
Non-indigenous species (NIS) pose a major threat to biodiversity and the functioning and services of ecosystems. Despite their rapid spread in coastal waters worldwide, biotic invasions are widely disregarded in marine conservation planning. To guide conservation actions, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms determining the success of NIS are therefore needed. Here we develop a joint modelling approach to identify the key drivers and community assembly processes determining the occurrence of invasive benthic invertebrates, using Danish coastal waters as a case study. To reflect factors affecting the introduction, establishment and spread of NIS throughout the area, we compiled long-term monitoring data on NIS, as well as information on commercial shipping, environmental conditions and estimates of larvae settling densities derived from drift model simulations informed by species traits. We then applied a set of species distribution models to identify the key drivers determining the occurrence of NIS. Our results demonstrate a significant positive effect of vessel activity, a negative effect of depth and bottom salinity, as well as a positive effect of the simulated settling densities on the probability of presence. Taken together, our results highlight the role of commercial shipping, habitat characteristics and passive advection of early-life stages on the success of NIS. Our joint modelling approach provide improved process understanding on the key community assembly processes determining the presence of NIS and may serve to guide monitoring, management and conservation planning in order to limit future invasions and their negative consequences on coastal ecosystems. more...
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- 2022
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9. Fisheries Reference Points under Varying Stock Productivity and Discounting : European Anchovy as a Case Study
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SEZGIN TUNCA, MΑRKO LINDROOS, MARTIN LINDEGREN, Department of Economics and Management, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Economics of aquatic ecosystems, and Environmental and Resource Economics more...
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Environmental Engineering ,Black sea ,European anchovy ,Turkey ,Age-structured ,Stock productivity ,511 Economics ,Bioeconomic model ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Fisheries reference points ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Funding Information: This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 675997. The authors are very thankful to Prof. Dr. Mehmet Aydın from the Ordu University Fatsa Faculty of Marine Sciences for his support and contribution and to anchovy fishermen who answered our questions sincerely and patiently. We would also like to thank constructive comments received by anonymous reviewers during the peer review. Funding Information: This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 675997. The authors are very thankful to Prof. Dr. Mehmet Aydın from the Ordu University Fatsa Faculty of Marine Sciences for his support and contribution and to anchovy fishermen who answered our questions sincerely and patiently. We would also like to thank constructive comments received by anonymous reviewers during the peer review. Data Availability Statement: The data that is used and support the findings are publicly available. Catch and price statistics of the anchovy are openly available by the Turkish Central Statistical Database via the link: https:// biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=97&locale=tr. Biological parameters of the anchovy stock assessment are available in the report STECF-14-14, EUR 26896 via . Economic survey data of the anchovy fishing fleet can be made available upon request. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, Mediterranean Marine Science. All Rights Reserved. European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) is the main commercially exploited fish stock in the Black Sea region, providing a vital source of livelihood and revenue for local communities and national economies. In recent decades, the Black Sea anchovy stock has faced many human-induced threats, including overfishing, eutrophication, invasive species, and climate change while these threats have raised concerns about the status and long-term productivity of the stock. To ensure sustainable levels of exploitation under potential future changes in stock productivity, we here estimate and compare a suite of biological and economic reference points under different levels of stock productivity and discount rates using an age-structured bioeconomic model setup. Our model simulations showed that optimal fishing mortalities achieving maximum sustainable yield (FMSY) and maximum economic yield (FMEY) increase at higher stock productivity but are always lower than the historically high mean levels of exploitation. Furthermore, we illustrate that the stock biomass at maximum economic yield (BMEY) is larger than the stock biomass at maximum sustainable yield (BMSY) at all stock productivities and discount rates, except at low stock productivity under high levels of discounting (i.e., 10%, 20%). By illustrating the ecological and economic benefits of reducing exploitation rates, we expect that our estimated reference points can add value to the decision-making process for the management of the European anchovy fishery and ensure long-term sustainable management even under future climate-driven changes in stock productivity. more...
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- 2022
10. Marine fish traits follow fast-slow continuum across oceans
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Manuel Hidalgo, Aurore Maureaud, Martin Lindegren, Antonio Punzón, Raul Primicerio, Esther Beukhof, Christian Möllmann, Laurene Pecuchet, Romain Frelat, Tim Spaanheden Dencker, and Jón Sólmundsson
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0106 biological sciences ,Environmental change ,Centro Oceanográfico de Santander ,Biodiversity ,lcsh:Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,Global Warming ,Macroecology ,lcsh:Science ,Marine biology ,Multidisciplinary ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Fishes ,report literature ,Biogeography ,Trait ,Seasons ,ecology ,Oceans and Seas ,Fisheries ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Article ,VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 ,Animals ,Life Science ,Ecosystem ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,14. Life underwater ,Medio Marino ,oceans ,VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920 ,fish ,geography ,VDP::Agriculture and fishery disciplines: 900::Fisheries science: 920 ,Continental shelf ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Global warming ,lcsh:R ,13. Climate action ,marine fish ,lcsh:Q ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 - Abstract
A fundamental challenge in ecology is to understand why species are found where they are and predict where they are likely to occur in the future. Trait-based approaches may provide such understanding, because it is the traits and adaptations of species that determine which environments they can inhabit. It is therefore important to identify key traits that determine species distributions and investigate how these traits relate to the environment. Based on scientific bottom-trawl surveys of marine fish abundances and traits of >1,200 species, we investigate trait-environment relationships and project the trait composition of marine fish communities across the continental shelf seas of the Northern hemisphere. We show that traits related to growth, maturation and lifespan respond most strongly to the environment. This is reflected by a pronounced “fast-slow continuum” of fish life-histories, revealing that traits vary with temperature at large spatial scales, but also with depth and seasonality at more local scales. Our findings provide insight into the structure of marine fish communities and suggest that global warming will favour an expansion of fast-living species. Knowledge of the global and local drivers of trait distributions can thus be used to predict future responses of fish communities to environmental change., SI more...
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- 2019
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11. Environmental niche separation promotes coexistence among ecologically similar zooplankton species—North Sea copepods as a case study
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Mridul K. Thomas, Sigrun Jonasdottir, Martin Lindegren, Peter Munk, and Torkel Gissel Nielsen
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0106 biological sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,fungi ,Niche differentiation ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Zooplankton ,03 medical and health sciences ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,14. Life underwater ,North sea ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Marine zooplankton are among the most diverse and abundant organisms on earth. Despite a great wealth of knowledge and research on their ecology, the processes promoting coexistence and maintaining their high diversity worldwide are poorly known. In order to understand the processes underpinning coexistence among marine zooplankton, we investigated the existence and degree of niche separation within two pairs of taxonomically and ecologically related species of copepods belonging to the widespread, abundant genera Calanus and Oithona. We compared the spatial variation in species abundances to the abiotic and biotic environment using a multimodel approach and vertically resolved survey data on zooplankton composition, abundances, and environmental conditions in the North Sea. Our results demonstrate pronounced spatial differences between species in each pair, primarily in their vertical abundance distributions. These differences can largely be explained by different preferences for temperature and salinity. This supports the occurrence of environmental niche separation in marine zooplankton and highlights its role as a mechanism reducing interspecific competition and promoting coexistence. more...
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- 2019
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12. Fish communities diverge in species but converge in traits over three decades of warming
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Sébastien Villéger, David Mouillot, Arnaud Auber, Georg H. Engelhard, Martin Lindegren, Matthew McLean, Juliette Murgier, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) more...
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0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Environmental change ,regime shift ,consequences ,shelf seas ,Biodiversity ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,spatio-temporal variation ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,patterns ,Regime shift ,Ecosystem ,14. Life underwater ,north-sea ,biodiversity ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,Community ,Global warming ,Fishes ,Temperature ,Pelagic zone ,15. Life on land ,functional diversity ,spatio-temporal dynamics ,ecological traits ,biotic homogenization ,Phenotype ,climate change ,Geography ,community dynamics ,plant traits ,fisheries ,ecosystem functioning ,climate-change ,Trait ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,community ecology - Abstract
Describing the spatial and temporal dynamics of communities is essential for understanding the impacts of global environmental change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Trait-based approaches can provide better insight than species-based (i.e., taxonomic) approaches into community assembly and ecosystem functioning, but comparing species and trait dynamics may reveal important patterns for understanding community responses to environmental change. Here, we used a 33-year database of fish monitoring to compare the spatio-temporal dynamics of taxonomic and trait structure in North Sea fish communities. We found that the majority of variation in both taxonomic and trait structure was explained by a pronounced spatial gradient, with distinct communities in the southern and northern North Sea related to depth, sea surface temperature, salinity and bed shear stress. Both taxonomic and trait structure changed significantly over time, however taxonomically, communities in the south and north diverged toward different species, becoming more dissimilar over time, yet they converged toward the same traits regardless of species differences. In particular, communities shifted toward smaller, faster-growing species with higher thermal preferences and pelagic water column position. Although taxonomic structure changed over time, its spatial distribution remained relatively stable, whereas in trait structure the southern zone of the North Sea shifted northward and expanded, leading to homogenization. Our findings suggest that global environmental change, notably climate warming, will lead to convergence toward traits more adapted for novel environments regardless of species composition. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. more...
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- 2019
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13. Four decades of functional community change reveals gradual trends and low interlinkage across trophic groups in a large marine ecosystem
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Laurene Pecuchet, Martin Lindegren, Anna Gårdmark, Erik Bonsdorff, Mats Blomqvist, Anna Törnroos, and Jens Olsson
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Baltic Sea ,Biodiversity ,Functional turnover ,Functional diversity ,Biology ,Generalist and specialist species ,temporal change ,trait‐based approach ,multifunctionality ,Trait-based approach ,zoobenthos ,Environmental Chemistry ,Primary Research Article ,Ecosystem ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,Coastal ecosystem ,Community dynamics ,SDG 15 - Life on Land ,General Environmental Science ,Trophic level ,fish ,Global and Planetary Change ,Baltic sea ,Ecology ,Primary Research Articles ,functional diversity ,Zoobenthos ,Food web ,Fish ,community dynamics ,Multifunctionality ,Trait ,coastal ecosystem ,Species evenness ,sense organs ,Species richness ,Temporal change ,functional turnover - Abstract
The rate at which biological diversity is altered on both land and in the sea, makes temporal community development a critical and fundamental part of understanding global change. With advancements in trait‐based approaches, the focus on the impact of temporal change has shifted towards its potential effects on the functioning of the ecosystems. Our mechanistic understanding of and ability to predict community change is still impeded by the lack of knowledge in long‐term functional dynamics that span several trophic levels. To address this, we assessed species richness and multiple dimensions of functional diversity and dynamics of two interacting key organism groups in the marine food web: fish and zoobenthos. We utilized unique time series‐data spanning four decades, from three environmentally distinct coastal areas in the Baltic Sea, and assembled trait information on six traits per organism group covering aspects of feeding, living habit, reproduction and life history. We identified gradual long‐term trends, rather than abrupt changes in functional diversity (trait richness, evenness, dispersion) trait turnover, and overall multi‐trait community composition. The linkage between fish and zoobenthic functional community change, in terms of correlation in long‐term trends, was weak, with timing of changes being area and trophic group specific. Developments of fish and zoobenthos traits, particularly size (increase in small size for both groups) and feeding habits (e.g. increase in generalist feeding for fish and scavenging or predation for zoobenthos), suggest changes in trophic pathways. We summarize our findings by highlighting three key aspects for understanding functional change across trophic groups: (a) decoupling of species from trait richness, (b) decoupling of richness from density and (c) determining of turnover and multi‐trait dynamics. We therefore argue for quantifying change in multiple functional measures to help assessments of biodiversity change move beyond taxonomy and single trophic groups., In this study, we identified gradual long‐term trends in functional diversity, trait turnover, and overall multi‐trait community composition spanning a period of 40 years and two key trophic groups: fish and zoobenthos, in three coastal marine areas. The study highlights the need for multiple measures and cross‐trophic level assessments to understand empirical functional (trait) change and serves as a baseline for functional change in the Baltic Sea region and other coastal and estuarine ecosystems worldwide. The findings contribute to the general understanding of biodiversity change and can be useful for developing predictions and models of community change. more...
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- 2019
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14. Spatio-temporal variation in marine fish traits reveals community-wide responses to environmental change
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Laurene Pecuchet, Tim Spaanheden Dencker, Esther Beukhof, and Martin Lindegren
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0106 biological sciences ,Environmental change ,Fishing ,Community-weighted mean ,Climate change ,Aquatic Science ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Marine fish ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Community composition ,Marine Fish ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,14. Life underwater ,North sea ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Traits ,Variation (linguistics) ,Geography ,13. Climate action ,Spatio-temporal ,North Sea - Abstract
Marine ecosystems are exposed to a range of environmental and anthropogenic stressors, including climate change and overexploitation. A promising way towards understanding the impacts of such stressors on community composition is by considering species traits rather than species identity. Here, we describe the spatio-temporal dynamics in fish community traits using >30 yr of species abundance data from the North Sea combined with trait information on body size, life history, growth rate, reproduction and trophic level for demersal fish species in the area. We assessed whether the derived patterns and trends in community-weighted mean traits could be explained by a range of environmental stressors and fishing. Our results revealed strong spatial structuring and long-term changes in the trait composition of North Sea fish, with temporal changes not being uniformly distributed in space. Among the environmental drivers investigated, depth was one of the best predictors, primarily explaining the spatial variation in lifespan, growth rate, trophic level and fecundity. This can be explained by variables that co-vary with depth, e.g. temperature, seasonality, salinity and productivity. Finally, we found only weak relationships between fishing and the spatial variation of traits, suggesting that the spatial trait composition of the community is mostly determined by the environment. Yet, long-term changes in trait composition, primarily in body size, have previously been shown to be affected by size-selective fishing. Our study exemplifies how traits can be used to summarize complex community dynamics and responses to environmental and anthropogenic stressors as well as their usefulness for ecosystembased management more...
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- 2019
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15. Are we ready to track climate-driven shifts in marine species across international boundaries? - A global survey of scientific bottom trawl data
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Marcos Llope, Evangelos Tzanatos, Vladimir Kulik, Laurene Pecuchet, Renato Guevara-Carrasco, Didier Jouffre, Helle Torp Christensen, Arnaud Auber, Itai van Rijn, Hicham Masski, Tarek Hattab, Jonathan Belmaker, Manuel Hidalgo, Matthew McLean, Jacqueline Palacios León, Esther Román-Marcote, Helle Siegstad, Richard J. Bell, Nancy L. Shackell, Tracey P. Fairweather, Sean C. Anderson, Luis A. Cubillos, Ian Knuckey, Richard L. O'Driscoll, Margrete Emblemsvåg, Mariano Koen-Alonso, Henrik Gislason, Oren Sonin, Heino O. Fock, Jorge E. Ramos, Cecilia A. O'Leary, Jérôme Guitton, Matt Koopman, Paul A.M. van Zwieten, Bastien Mérigot, Francis K. E. Nunoo, Ingrid Spies, Kevin D. Friedland, Mohamed Lamine Camara, Johannes N. Kathena, Beyah Meissa, Fabrice Stephenson, Ya’arit Levitt-Barmats, Romain Frelat, Aurore Maureaud, Menachem Goren, Alexander Arkhipkin, Laurène Mérillet, Hamet Diaw Diadhiou, James T. Thorson, Daniela V. Yepsen, Malin L. Pinsky, Wahid Refes, Kofi Amador, Iça Barri, Vesselina Mihneva, G. Tserpes, Didier Gascuel, Elitsa Petrova, Saïkou Oumar Kidé, Esther Beukhof, Billy Ernst, Camilo B. García, Feriha Tserkova, Martin Lindegren, Paraskevas Vasilakopoulos, Petur Steingrund, Jón Sólmundsson, Félix Massiot-Granier, Philippe Ziegler, Nir Stern, Ignacio Sobrino, Jason Conner, Junghwa Choi, Dori Edelist, DTU Centre for Ocean Life, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Directorate of Natural Resources - Fisheries of the Falkland Islands Government, Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Manche Mer du nord, IFREMER Centre Manche Mer du Nord, (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Thünen Institute, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Institut Mauritanien de Recherches Océanographiques et des Pêches (IMROP), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Unité de recherche Sciences et Technologies Halieutiques (STH), University of Ghana, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l'Aménagement du Littoral (ESSMAL), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Boulogne sur mer (LRHBL), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Sciences et Technologies Halieutiques (STH) more...
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0106 biological sciences ,VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Range (biology) ,Global data synthesis ,Species distribution ,global data synthesis ,01 natural sciences ,transboundary conservation ,Aquaculture and Fisheries ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,open science ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Climate change ,Artssammensetning / Species composition ,Pesquerías ,boundaries ,Demersal fish ,catch ,General Environmental Science ,biodiversity ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,Aquacultuur en Visserij ,Environmental resource management ,Fishes ,conservation ,Sampling (statistics) ,bottom trawl survey ,transboundary ,Geography ,climate change ,data ,VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 ,Fisheries policy ,Open science ,Bunnfisk / Demersal fish ,Bottom trawl survey ,management ,Opinion ,Stock assessment ,sea ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Sede Central IEO ,Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz ,010603 evolutionary biology ,range shifts ,international boundaries ,fisheries policy ,demersal fish ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,14. Life underwater ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,Transboundary conservation ,impacts ,climate ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,fish ,ecosystem ,long-term ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Business Manager projecten Midden-Noord ,Global warming ,15. Life on land ,13. Climate action ,fisheries ,Sustainability ,Seascapes ,WIAS ,responses ,Survey data collection ,species distribution ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,business ,Business Manager projects Mid-North - Abstract
Marine biota are redistributing at a rapid pace in response to climate change and shifting seascapes. While changes in fish populations and community structure threaten the sustainability of fisheries, our capacity to adapt by tracking and projecting marine species remains a challenge due to data discontinuities in biological observations, lack of data availability, and mismatch between data and real species distributions. To assess the extent of this challenge, we review the global status and accessibility of ongoing scientific bottom trawl surveys. In total, we gathered metadata for 283,925 samples from 95 surveys conducted regularly from 2001 to 2019. We identified that 59% of the metadata collected are not publicly available, highlighting that the availability of data is the most important challenge to assess species redistributions under global climate change. Given that the primary purpose of surveys is to provide independent data to inform stock assessment of commercially important populations, we further highlight that single surveys do not cover the full range of the main commercial demersal fish species. An average of 18 surveys is needed to cover at least 50% of species ranges, demonstrating the importance of combining multiple surveys to evaluate species range shifts. We assess the potential for combining surveys to track transboundary species redistributions and show that differences in sampling schemes and inconsistency in sampling can be overcome with spatio‐temporal modeling to follow species density redistributions. In light of our global assessment, we establish a framework for improving the management and conservation of transboundary and migrating marine demersal species. We provide directions to improve data availability and encourage countries to share survey data, to assess species vulnerabilities, and to support management adaptation in a time of climate‐driven ocean changes., While many species are changing their spatial distributions rapidly with climate change, the global capacity to track these changes and then adapt management and policy has been limited. To build this capacity for demersal fishes, we compiled the largest worldwide collection of bottom trawl survey metadata and demonstrate how surveys can be combined to follow species across national and survey boundaries. Open data and transparent scientific assessment can be a key step towards improved management of redistributing transboundary species and stocks. more...
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- 2021
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16. Biomass limit reference points are sensitive to estimation method, time‐series length and stock development
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Mikael van Deurs, Ole Henriksen, Mollie Elizabeth Brooks, Anna Rindorf, and Martin Lindegren
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Sustainable exploitation ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Geography ,Fisheries management ,Statistical uncertainty ,Stock-recruitment ,Econometrics ,Small pelagics ,RAM legacy ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Stock (geology) - Abstract
Biomass limit reference points are widely used in fisheries management and defines the biomass threshold below which stock productivity (i.e. recruitment) is likely to be impaired. Scientifically sound and transparent methods for estimating biomass thresholds are therefore needed together with ways of quantifying uncertainties. The main focus of the study was placed on two methods currently applied to several small-bodied pelagic species in the Northeast Atlantic. These methods have not formerly been described in the scientific literature and are in the present study being compared to some already described methods, of which, one is broadly applied outside the Northeast Atlantic. Using a combination of data simulations and data from 51 small-bodied pelagic fish stocks, we analyzed the sensitivity of estimated biomass thresholds to (i) the choice of method, (ii) time-series length, and (iii) stock development (e.g. rebuilding or declining). It was demonstrated that estimated biomass thresholds are associated with considerable uncertainty not previously quantified. Furthermore, the level of the estimated threshold and the amount of uncertainty depended on choice of method, time-series length, and stock development trends. Hence, this study contributes to improving the quality of future biomass limit reference points by providing guidance regarding choice of method and how to demonstrate stock-specific uncertainties. more...
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- 2021
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17. Temperature and body size affect recruitment and survival of sandeel across the North Sea
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Martin Lindegren, Mikael van Deurs, Mollie Elizabeth Brooks, Ole Henriksen, and Anna Rindorf
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0106 biological sciences ,Climate change ,Ammodytes ,Forage fish ,Oncogeny ,Aquatic Science ,Body size ,Oceanography ,Affect (psychology) ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,Life history ,North sea ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Productivity ,Ecology ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,biology.organism_classification ,Short-lived species ,Fishery ,Productivity (ecology) ,Environmental science ,Recruitment ,Warming - Abstract
Climate effects on marine fish depend on life stage, particularly when life stages differ in habitat utilization. In the present study, we investigated life stage-dependent responses of lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) to temperature at contrasting geographical scales. We related population density and individual growth to temperature and found different temperature responses between the first and the second years of life. During the first year of life, fish size was the single most important factor influencing sandeel abundances, indicating a positive relationship between growth and survival. In contrast, during the second year of life, autumn bottom temperature was negatively correlated with sandeel abundance, suggesting elevated mortality in warm years. Southerly areas, experiencing higher temperatures in general, were also the areas showing the strongest response to temperature. This study sheds light on how warming impacts population dynamics of one of the most important forage fishes in the North Sea and supports the discussion of underlying mechanisms. more...
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- 2021
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18. Considerations for management strategy evaluation for small pelagic fishes
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Mimi E. Lam, Fabian Zimmermann, Szymon Smoliński, André E. Punt, Roberto Licandeo, Desiree Tommasi, T. Mariella Canales, Nis Sand Jacobsen, Laura E. Koehn, Margaret C. Siple, Kelli F. Johnson, Guðmundur Jóhann Óskarsson, Piera Carpi, Jin Gao, Yongjun Tian, Shuyang Ma, Verena M. Trenkel, T. Mariano Gutiérrez, Martin Lindegren, José A. A. De Oliveira, Carryn L De Moor, Stephani G. Zador, Sonia Sanchez‐Maroño, and Szymon Surma more...
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0106 biological sciences ,Population dynamics ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Closed loop simulation ,Forage fish ,Pelagic zone ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Fishery ,Closed-loop simulation ,Ecosystem-based fisheries management ,Management strategy ,Environmental science ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,14. Life underwater ,Management procedure ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Management strategy evaluation (MSE) is the state-of-the-art approach for testing and comparing management strategies in a way that accounts for multiple sources of uncertainty (e.g. monitoring, estimation, and implementation). Management strategy evaluation can help identify management strategies that are robust to uncertainty about the life history of the target species and its relationship to other species in the food web. Small pelagic fish (e.g. anchovy, herring and sardine) fulfil an important ecological role in marine food webs and present challenges to the use of MSE and other simulation-based evaluation approaches. This is due to considerable stochastic variation in their ecology and life history, which leads to substantial observation and process uncertainty. Here, we summarize the current state of MSE for small pelagic fishes worldwide. We leverage expert input from ecologists and modellers to draw attention to sources of process and observation uncertainty for small pelagic species, providing examples from geographical regions where these species are ecologically, economically and culturally important. Temporal variation in recruitment and other life-history rates, spatial structure and movement, and species interactions are key considerations for small pelagic fishes. We discuss tools for building these into the MSE process, with examples from existing fisheries. We argue that model complexity should be informed by management priorities and whether ecosystem information will be used to generate dynamics or to inform reference points. We recommend that our list of considerations be used in the initial phases of the MSE process for small pelagic fishes or to build complexity on existing single-species models. publishedVersion more...
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- 2021
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19. Report on tools and concepts to support the Baltic food web research of the future
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M. C. Nordstroem, Clarissa Mohm, Martin Lindegren, Thorsten B. H. Reusch, Stefan Neuenfeldt, Monika Winder, Jonna Tomkiewicz, Axel Temming, Elvita Eglite, and Jan Dierking
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World Wide Web ,Engineering ,business.industry ,business ,Food web - Abstract
BONUS XWEBS Deliverable D2.1
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- 2020
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20. Adapting Fisheries and Their Management To Climate Change: A Review of Concepts, Tools, Frameworks, and Current Progress Toward Implementation
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Martin Lindegren and Keith Brander
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0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Environmental resource management ,Climate change ,Oceanic climate ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Current (stream) ,Geography ,Marine ecosystem ,Adaptation (computer science) ,business ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
As the body of literature on marine climate impacts accumulates the question is no longer whether marine ecosystems and their living resources are affected, but what we as scientists, managers and ... more...
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- 2018
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21. Climate‐mediated changes in marine ecosystem regulation during El Niño
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Ralf Goericke, Mark D. Ohman, David M. Checkley, Martin Lindegren, and J. A. Koslow
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Pacific Decadal Oscillation ,0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate Change ,food web model ,Climate change ,Forcing (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,California ,bottom-up ,PDO ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Ecosystem ,Marine ecosystem ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,El Niño ,climate ,Life Below Water ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Trophic level ,El Nino-Southern Oscillation ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,ecosystem regulation ,Fishes ,Biological Sciences ,Food web ,Climate Action ,Oceanography ,top-down ,Upwelling ,Environmental science ,management ,Environmental Sciences ,Pacific decadal oscillation ,El Nino - Abstract
The degree to which ecosystems are regulated through bottom-up, top-down or direct physical processes represents a long-standing issue in ecology, with important consequences for resource management and conservation. In marine ecosystems, the role of bottom-up and top-down forcing has been shown to vary over spatio-temporal scales, often linked to highly variable and heterogeneously distributed environmental conditions. Ecosystem dynamics in the Northeast Pacific have been suggested to be predominately bottom-up regulated. However, it remains unknown to what extent top-down regulation occurs, or whether the relative importance of bottom-up and top-down forcing may shift in response to climate change. In this study, we investigate the effects and relative importance of bottom-up, top-down and physical forcing during changing climate conditions on ecosystem regulation in the Southern California Current System (SCCS) using a generalized food web model. This statistical approach is based on non-linear threshold models and a long-term data set (~60 year) covering multiple trophic levels from phytoplankton to predatory fish. We found bottom-up control to be the primary mode of ecosystem regulation. However, our results also demonstrate an alternative mode of regulation represented by interacting bottom-up and top-down forcing, analogous to wasp-waist dynamics, but occurring across multiple trophic levels and only during periods of reduced bottom-up forcing (i.e., weak upwelling, low nutrient concentrations and primary production). The shifts in ecosystem regulation are caused by changes in ocean-atmosphere forcing and triggered by highly variable climate conditions associated with El Niño. Furthermore, we show that biota respond differently to major El Niño events during positive or negative phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), as well as highlight potential concerns for marine and fisheries management by demonstrating increased sensitivity of pelagic fish to exploitation during El Niño. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. more...
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- 2017
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22. Global patterns in marine predatory fish
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Reg Watson, Ken Haste Andersen, Brian R. MacKenzie, P. Daniël van Denderen, and Martin Lindegren
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0106 biological sciences ,Food Chain ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Oceans and Seas ,Fisheries ,Models, Biological ,01 natural sciences ,Demersal zone ,Predatory fish ,Animals ,Marine ecosystem ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,14. Life underwater ,Macroecology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Trophic level ,Marine biology ,Billfish ,Ecology ,biology ,Conservation biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Fishes ,Pelagic zone ,biology.organism_classification ,Fishing down the food web ,Fishery ,Predatory Behavior ,Animal Distribution - Abstract
Large teleost (bony) fish are a dominant group of predators in the oceans and constitute a major source of food and livelihood for humans. These species differ markedly in morphology and feeding habits across oceanic regions; large pelagic species such as tunas and billfish typically occur in the tropics, whereas demersal species of gadoids and flatfish dominate boreal and temperate regions. Despite their importance for fisheries and the structuring of marine ecosystems, the underlying factors determining the global distribution and productivity of these two groups of teleost predators are poorly known. Here, we show how latitudinal differences in predatory fish can essentially be explained by the inflow of energy at the base of the pelagic and benthic food chain. A low productive benthic energy pathway favours large pelagic species, whereas equal productivities support large demersal generalists that outcompete the pelagic specialists. Our findings demonstrate the vulnerability of large teleost predators to ecosystem-wide changes in energy flows and hence provide key insight to predict the responses of these important marine resources under global change. more...
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- 2017
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23. Gender-specific feeding rates in planktonic copepods with different feeding behavior
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Rodrigo Almeda, Hans van Someren Gréve, Thomas Kiørboe, and Martin Lindegren
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0106 biological sciences ,Feeding behavior ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2017
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24. From traits to life-history strategies: Deconstructing fish community composition across European seas
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Manuel Hidalgo, Martin Lindegren, Antonio Punzón, Antonio Esteban, Luis Gil de Sola, Laurene Pecuchet, Mark R. Payne, Marina Delgado, Heino O. Fock, and Jón Sólmundsson
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0106 biological sciences ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Marine fish ,Fecundity ,Trade-off ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Life history theory ,Geography ,Community composition ,Archetypal analysis ,Trait ,%22">Fish ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2017
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25. Climate- and density-dependent regulation of fish growth throughout ontogeny: North Sea sprat as a case study
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Tommy Norin, David G. Johns, Mikael van Deurs, Anna Rindorf, and Martin Lindegren
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0106 biological sciences ,Short-term forecasts ,Ecology ,biology ,Population dynamics ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Ontogeny ,Sprat ,Growth ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Density dependent ,Fisheries management ,Fish growth ,Environmental science ,Stock assessment ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,North sea ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Growth is a fundamental physiological process influencing the state and dynamics of fish stocks, yet the physical and biological conditions affecting individual weight and growth throughout ontogeny are poorly known and often unaccounted for in fisheries management. This is rather surprising given that changes in growth have strong direct effects on the total biomass and potential yield derived from any given stock. In this study, we investigate the underlying factors affecting fish growth throughout the life span of cohorts using statistical modelling and long-term observational data on sprat (Sprattus sprattus), a commercially and ecologically important small-pelagic fish species across European seas. Our results demonstrate a negative relationship between total abundance and weight, as well as a positive and dome-shaped relationship between temperature and zooplankton abundance (i.e. food availability), respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate how such improved knowledge and understanding of the underlying factors affecting weight and growth could be accounted for in future assessment models, by including these considerations into short-term forecast simulations. This, in turn, would provide a stronger scientific basis for management advice and ensure the sustainability and profitability of fisheries, particularly on small and commercially valuable pelagic species with pronounced spatio-temporal variability in weight and growth. more...
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- 2020
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26. Spatio-temporal dynamics of multi-trophic communities reveal ecosystem-wide functional reorganization
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Susanne Kortsch, Solvita Strāķe, Laurene Pecuchet, Joanna Całkiewicz, Saskia A. Otto, Piotr Margonski, Iveta Jurgensone, Martin Lindegren, Marie C. Nordström, and Ivars Putnis
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Ecology ,Temperature ,Climate change ,Eutrophication ,Multi-trophic ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 ,Functional reorganisation ,Geography ,Community dynamics ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Ecosystem ,VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Trophic level - Abstract
Large‐scale alterations in marine ecosystems as a response to environmental and anthropogenic pressures have been documented worldwide. Yet, these are primarily investigated by assessing abundance fluctuations of a few dominant species, which inadequately reflect ecosystem‐wide changes. In addition, it is increasingly recognized that it is not species identity per se, but their traits that determine environmental responses, biological interactions and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we investigated long‐term, spatio‐temporal variability in trait composition across multiple organism groups to assess whether functional changes occur in a similar way across trophic levels and whether shifts in trait composition link to environmental change. We combined extensive trait datasets with long‐term surveys (30–40 yr) of four organism groups (phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates and fish) in three environmentally distinct areas of a large marine ecosystem. We found similar temporal trajectories in the community weighted mean trait time‐series of the different trophic groups, revealing ecosystem‐wide functional changes. The traits involved and their dynamics differed between areas, concurrent with climate‐driven changes in temperature and salinity, as well as more local dynamics in nutrients and oxygen. This finding highlights the importance of considering both global climate, as well as local external drivers when studying ecosystem changes. Using a multi‐trophic trait‐based approach, our study demonstrates the importance of integrating community functional dynamics across multiple trophic levels to capture ecosystem‐wide responses which could, ultimately, help moving towards a holistic understanding, assessment and management of marine ecosystems. more...
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- 2019
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27. Cooperative Fisheries Outperform Non-cooperative Ones in the Baltic Sea Under Different Climate Scenarios
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Lars Ravn-Jonsen, Marko Lindroos, Martin Lindegren, Sezgin Tunca, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Environmental and Resource Economics, Economics of aquatic ecosystems, and Department of Economics and Management more...
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DYNAMICS ,0106 biological sciences ,game theory ,lcsh:QH1-199.5 ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Baltic Sea ,IMPACT ,21ST-CENTURY ,food web model ,SPRAT SPRATTUS-SPRATTUS ,Temperature salinity diagrams ,Climate change ,Ocean Engineering ,lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,COD ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,RECRUITMENT SUCCESS ,Herring ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,MANAGEMENT ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,14. Life underwater ,512 Business and Management ,lcsh:Science ,Stock (geology) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Global and Planetary Change ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Sprat ,STOCK ,biology.organism_classification ,Food web ,Salinity ,Fishery ,climate change ,ZOOPLANKTON ,TROPHODYNAMIC CONTROL ,fisheries ,5141 Sociology ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Q ,Game theory - Abstract
Game theory has been an effective tool to generate solutions for decision making in fisheries involving multiple countries and fleets. Here, we use a coupled bio-economic model based on a Baltic Sea dynamic multispecies food web model called BALMAR and, we compare non-cooperative (NC) and cooperative game (grand coalition: GC) solutions. Applications of game theory based on a food web model under climate change have not been studied before and the present study aims to fill this gap in the literature. The study focuses on the effects of climate variability on the biological, harvest and economic output of the game models by examining two different climate scenarios, a first scenario characterized by low temperature and high salinity and a second scenario by high temperature and low salinity. Our results showed that in the first scenario sprat spawning stock biomass (SSB) and harvest dropped dramatically both in the NC and the GC cases whereas, herring and cod SSBs and harvests were higher compared to a base scenario (BS) keeping temperature and salinity at mean historical levels. In the second scenario, the sprat SSB and the harvest was higher for both GC and NC cases while the cod and the herring SSBs and harvests were lower. The total GC payoffs clearly outperformed the NC payoffs across all scenarios. Likewise, the first and second scenario GC payoffs for countries were higher except for Poland. The findings suggested the climate vulnerability of Baltic Sea multi-species fisheries and these results would support future decision-making processes of Baltic Sea fisheries. more...
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- 2019
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28. Patterns and drivers of fish community assembly in a large marine ecosystem
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Laurene Pecuchet, Anna Törnroos, and Martin Lindegren
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0106 biological sciences ,Abiotic component ,Ecology ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biodiversity ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Competition (biology) ,Fishery ,Demersal fish ,Geography ,Baltic sea ,%22">Fish ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,Large marine ecosystem ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common - Abstract
The presence and survival of the species in a community depend on their abilities to maximize fitness in a given environment. The study of the processes that control survival and co‑existence, termed ‘assembly rules’, follows various mechanisms, primarily related to biotic or abiotic factors. To determine assembly rules, ecological similarities of co-occurring species are often investigated. This can be evaluated using trait-based indices summarizing the species’ niches in a given community. In order to investigate the underlying processes shaping community assembly in marine ecosystems, we investigated the patterns and drivers of fish community composition in the Baltic Sea, a semi-enclosed sea characterized by a pronounced environmental gradient. Our results showed a marked decline in species- and functional richness, largely explained by decreasing salinities. In addition, habitat complexity and oxygen were found to be significant drivers. Furthermore, we showed that the trait composition of the fish community in the western Baltic Sea is more similar than expected by random chance alone. This implies that environmental filtering, acting along the salinity gradient, is the dominant factor shaping community composition. However, community composition in the eastern part, an area beyond the steep decline in salinity, was characterized by fewer species with largely different trait characteristics, indicating that community assembly is also affected by biotic interactions. Our results add to the knowledge base of key abiotic drivers impacting marine fish communities and their vulnerability to environmental changes, a key concern for fisheries and marine ecosystem management more...
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- 2016
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29. Seasonal strategies in the world’s oceans
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Sigrun Jonasdottir, Lasse Tor Nielsen, Hans van Someren Gréve, Irene Heilmann, Thomas Kiørboe, Martin Lindegren, Tim Spaanheden Dencker, Philipp Georg Brun, Laurene Pecuchet, Patrizio Mariani, Marina Pančić, Kasia M. Kenitz, Rob van Gemert, Mark Wejlemann Holm, André W. Visser, Ken Haste Andersen, Uffe Høgsbro Thygesen, Mark R. Payne, Subhendu Chakraborty, Anna Törnroos, P. Daniël van Denderen, and Nicolas Azaña Schnedler-Meyer more...
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Range (biology) ,Geology ,Aquatic Science ,Plankton ,Optimal behaviour ,Copepods ,Latitude ,Predation ,Fish ,Geography ,Oceanography ,Dormancy ,Protozoa ,Diel vertical migration ,Overwintering ,Trophic level - Abstract
Throughout much of the world’s oceans, life is organized around seasonal cycles of feast and famine. Here we seek to understand the life-history strategies by which marine organisms contend with seasonal variations through a range of adaptations and traits, including overwintering stages, dormancy, investment in reserves, and migration. Our perspective is broad, spanning across marine food webs, from unicellular plankton to whales, and covering all latitudes, from the equator to the poles. The analysis is organized around a simple mechanistic life history optimization model. The model generates several general hypotheses: (i) small organisms should cope with winters by making resting stages or by dormancy; (ii) medium-sized organisms should build reserves and perform seasonal vertical migration to reduce predation; (iii) large organisms should primarily employ latitudinal migrations to follow seasonal peaks in production. Subsequently, these hypotheses are tested against a large assemblage of observations and data reported in the literature. Body size, trophic level, and the intensity and duration of seasonal highs and lows appear to be closely related to seasonal strategies. Some, but not all of these hypotheses are borne out by our analysis of data. In particular, we find that organisms with a lifespan on the order of the seasonal length employ a multitude of strategies. more...
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- 2020
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30. Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in fish communities: biomass is related to evenness and the environment, not to species richness
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Martin Lindegren, Henrik Gislason, Aurore Maureaud, Helmut Hillebrand, Dorothee Hodapp, Esther Beukhof, P. Daniël van Denderen, and Tim Spaanheden Dencker
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0106 biological sciences ,Oceans and Seas ,Biodiversity ,Generalist and specialist species ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Animals ,Marine ecosystem ,Ecosystem ,14. Life underwater ,Biomass ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,Dominance ,General Environmental Science ,Trophic level ,BEF relationship ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Ecology ,Fish biodiversity ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Fishes ,Pelagic zone ,General Medicine ,15. Life on land ,Geography ,Ecosystem functioning ,Species evenness ,Species richness ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) is a topic of considerable interest to scientists and managers because a better understanding of its underlying mechanisms may help us mitigate the consequences of biodiversity loss on ecosystems. Our current knowledge of BEF relies heavily on theoretical and experimental studies, typically conducted on a narrow range of spatio-temporal scales, environmental conditions, and trophic levels. Hence, whether a relationship holds in the natural environment is poorly understood, especially in exploited marine ecosystems. Using large-scale observations of marine fish communities, we applied a structural equation modelling framework to investigate the existence and significance of BEF relationships across northwestern European seas. We find that ecosystem functioning, here represented by spatial patterns in total fish biomass, is unrelated to species richness—the most commonly used diversity metric in BEF studies. Instead, community evenness, differences in species composition, and abiotic variables are significant drivers. In particular, we find that high fish biomass is associated with fish assemblages dominated by a few generalist species of a high trophic level, who are able to exploit both the benthic and pelagic energy pathway. Our study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms behind marine ecosystem functioning and allows for the integration of biodiversity into management considerations. more...
- Published
- 2019
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31. When is a fish stock collapsed?
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Ken Haste Andersen, Will Butler, Florian K. Diekert, Benjamin Weigel, Giovanni Romagnoni, Johanna Yletyinen, Thorsten Blenckner, Jason D. Whittington, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Geir Ottersen, Carl Folke, Andries Richter, Lauren A. Rogers, Sara Bonanomi, Marie C. Nordström, and Martin Lindegren more...
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0106 biological sciences ,Resource (biology) ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Environmental resource management ,Network science ,Diversification (marketing strategy) ,Fish stock ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,Geography ,13. Climate action ,Regime shift ,14. Life underwater ,Natural resource management ,business ,Complex adaptive system - Abstract
Human action is transforming the species composition, biogeochemistry and habitats of the world’s oceans at unprecedented rates. The cumulative effect of natural and anthropogenic drivers is challenging to measure, in part due to indirect effects and the complexity of marine systems. Building on the theory of complex adaptive systems, this thesis aims to increase our understanding of how complex, heterogeneous marine social-ecological systems (SES) may respond to changing conditions. This thesis integrates resilience research with network science and describes change and structural patterns at several SES scales in order to advance our knowledge on the effects of multiple drivers.Paper I proposes a new, quantitative fish stock collapse definition, that accounts for fish stock dynamics and enables standardization and thus comparability across a large number of commercial fish stocks. Recognizing that substantial ecosystem changes are part of SES dynamics, in Paper II we review marine regime shifts worldwide to specify how co-occurring bundles of drivers are related to degraded ecosystem services for management purposes. A more detailed ecological study on regime shifts was performed in Papers III and IV. Paper III describes the late-1980s central Baltic Sea regime shift based on a food-web model. Paper IV uses a novel structural network analysis approach to detect functional shifts in complex food webs. The results of Paper IV imply that the Baltic Sea regime shift may not be a systemwide shift. Paper V uses a network approach to analyze fishing strategy diversification and social-ecological connectivity among Swedish Baltic Sea fishers, indicating that natural resource management evaluations should not be limited only to ecosystem conditions but also take account of social conditions.Overall, this thesis provides empirical evidence for the emerging perspective that marine resource science and management must account for the complexity of system elements in order to ensure the provision of ecosystem services in the future. The first application of Exponential Random Graph Modeling in ecology and an improved fish stock collapse definition provide new advanced tools for studying oceans from an SES perspective in the future. more...
- Published
- 2018
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32. A global mismatch in the protection of multiple marine biodiversity components and ecosystem services
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Brian R. MacKenzie, Ben G. Holt, Martin Lindegren, and Carsten Rahbek
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0106 biological sciences ,Marine conservation ,Aquatic Organisms ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Biodiversity ,lcsh:Medicine ,Conservation of Energy Resources ,Global Health ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Ecosystem services ,Global health ,Ecosystem ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Spatial mismatch ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,lcsh:R ,Environmental resource management ,Environmental Policy ,Geography ,Spatial ecology ,lcsh:Q ,Marine protected area ,business - Abstract
The global loss of biodiversity threatens unique biota and the functioning and services of ecosystems essential for human wellbeing. To safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem services, designating protected areas is crucial; yet the extent to which the existing placement of protection is aligned to meet these conservation priorities is questionable, especially in the oceans. Here we investigate and compare global patterns of multiple biodiversity components (taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional), ecosystem services and human impacts, with the coverage of marine protected areas across a nested spatial scale. We demonstrate a pronounced spatial mismatch between the existing degree of protection and all the conservation priorities above, highlighting that neither the world’s most diverse, nor the most productive ecosystems are currently the most protected ecosystems. Furthermore, we show that global patterns of biodiversity, ecosystem services and human impacts are poorly correlated, hence complicating the identification of generally applicable spatial prioritization schemes. However, a hypothetical “consensus approach” would have been able to address all these conservation priorities far more effectively than the existing degree of protection, which at best is only marginally better than a random expectation. Therefore, a holistic perspective is needed when designating an appropriate degree of protection of marine conservation priorities worldwide. more...
- Published
- 2018
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33. Productivity and recovery of forage fish under climate change and fishing: North Sea sandeel as a case study
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Brian R. MacKenzie, Martin Lindegren, Lotte Worsøe Clausen, Mikael van Deurs, Asbjørn Christensen, and Anna Rindorf
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0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Fishing ,Climate change ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Forage fish ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Environmental science ,Fisheries management ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,North sea ,Productivity ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Forage fish occupy a central position in marine food-webs worldwide by mediating the transfer of energy and organic matter from lower to higher trophic levels. The lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) is one of the ecologically and economically most important forage fish species in the North-east Atlantic, acting as a key prey for predatory fish and sea birds, as well as supporting a large commercial fishery. In this case study, we investigate the underlying factors affecting recruitment and how these in turn affect productivity of the North Sea sandeel using long-term data and modelling. Our results demonstrate how sandeel productivity in the central North Sea (Dogger Bank) depends on a combination of external and internal regulatory factors, including fishing and climate effects, as well as density dependence and food availability of the preferred zooplankton prey (Calanus finmarchicus and Temora longicornis). Furthermore, our model scenarios suggest that while fishing largely contributed to the abrupt stock decline during the late 1990s and the following period of low biomass, a complete recovery of the stock to the highly productive levels of the early 1980s would only be possible through changes in the surrounding ecosystem, involving lower temperatures and improved feeding conditions. To that end, we stress the need for ecosystem-based management accounting for multiple internal and external factors occurring within the broader context of the ecosystem in which forage fish species, such as sandeel, play an important and integral part more...
- Published
- 2018
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34. A Climate-Driven Functional Inversion of Connected Marine Ecosystems
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Sébastien Villéger, David Mouillot, Paul Marchal, Arnaud Auber, Georg H. Engelhard, Martin Lindegren, Anik Brind'Amour, Matthew McLean, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM), Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) more...
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0106 biological sciences ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate Change ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Population Dynamics ,Climate change ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Life history theory ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Animals ,Marine ecosystem ,Ecosystem ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,14. Life underwater ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Trophic level ,Biomass (ecology) ,Overfishing ,Ecology ,Climate oscillation ,Fishes ,Temperature ,15. Life on land ,13. Climate action ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Animal Distribution - Abstract
Summary Sustainably managing natural resources under climate change requires understanding how species distribution shifts can impact ecosystem structure and functioning. While numerous studies have documented changes in species’ distributions and abundances in response to warming [ 1 , 2 ], the consequences for the functional structure of ecosystems (i.e., composition of species’ functional traits) have received less attention. Here, using thirty years of fish monitoring, we show that two connected North Atlantic ecosystems (E. English Channel and S. North Sea) underwent a rapid shift in functional structure triggered by a climate oscillation to a prevailing warm-phase in the late-1990s. Using time-lag-based causality analyses, we found that rapid warming drove pelagic fishes with r-selected life history traits (e.g., low age and size at maturity, small offspring, low trophic level) to shift abruptly northward from one ecosystem to the other, causing an inversion in functional structure between the two connected ecosystems. While we observed only a one-year time-lag between the climate oscillation and the functional shift, indicating rapid responses to a changing environment, historical overfishing likely rendered these ecosystems susceptible to climatic stress [ 3 ], and declining fishing in the North Sea may have exacerbated the shift. This shift likely had major consequences for ecosystem functioning due to potential changes in biomass turnover, nutrient cycling, and benthic-pelagic coupling [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Under ongoing warming, climate oscillations and extreme warming events may increase in frequency and severity [ 7 , 8 ], which could trigger functional shifts with profound consequences for ecosystem functioning and services. more...
- Published
- 2018
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35. Using ecological traits of marine fish to detect responses to environmental change: which traits to choose?
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Esther Beukhof, Romain Frelat, Lauréne Pécuchet, Heino Fock, Antonio Punzón, Jón Sólmundsson, Christian Moellmann, and Martin Lindegren
- Subjects
SDG 14 - Life Below Water - Published
- 2018
36. Impacts of Climate Change on Pelagic Fish and Fisheries
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Patrick Lehodey, Lotte Worsøe Clausen, Barbara A. Muhling, Martin Lindegren, and Alistair J. Hobday
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0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Sardine ,Climate change ,Pelagic zone ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Fishery ,Anchovy ,Environmental science ,Fisheries management ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Published
- 2017
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37. Forecasting fish stock dynamics under climate change: Baltic herring (Clupea harengus) as a case study
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Valerio Bartolino, Martin Lindegren, Håkan Wennhage, Piotr Margonski, Michele Casini, David Rayner, Massimiliano Cardinale, Hans W. Linderholm, Bartolino V, Margonski P, Lindegren M, Linderholm H, Cardinale M, Rayner D, Wennhage H, and Casini M more...
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education.field_of_study ,biology ,Population ,Fishing ,Climate change ,Sprat ,Clupea ,Baltic Sea, climate change, fishery exploitation scenarios, herring recruitment, long-term projections ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Fish stock ,biology.organism_classification ,Fishery ,Herring ,Environmental science ,Fisheries management ,education - Abstract
Climate change and anthropogenic disturbances may affect marine populations and ecosystems through multiple pathways. In this study we present a framework in which we integrate existing models and knowledge on basic regulatory processes to investigate the potential impact of future scenarios of fisheries exploitation and climate change on the temporal dynamics of the central Baltic herring stock. Alternative scenarios of increasing sea surface temperature and decreasing salinity of the Baltic Sea from a global climate model were combined with two alternative fishing scenarios, and their direct and ecosystem-mediated effects (i.e., through predation by cod and competition with sprat) on the herring population were evaluated for the period 2010-2050. Gradual increase in temperature has a positive impact on the long-term productivity of the herring stock, but it has the potential to enhance the recovery of the herring stock only in combination with sustainable fisheries management (i.e., F-msy). Conversely, projections of herring spawning stock biomass (SSB) were generally low under elevated fishing mortality levels (F-high), comparable with those experienced by the stock during the 1990s. Under the combined effects of long-term warming and high fishing mortality uncertainty in herring SSB projections was higher and increasing for the duration of the forecasts, suggesting a synergistic effect of fishery exploitation and climate forcing on fish populations dynamics. Our study shows that simulations of long-term fish dynamics can be an informative tool to derive expectations of the potential long-term impact of alternative future scenarios of exploitation and climate change. (Less) more...
- Published
- 2014
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38. Coastal habitats and their importance for the diversity of benthic communities: A species- and trait-based approach
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Erik Bonsdorff, Laurene Pecuchet, Martin Snickars, Martin Lindegren, Marie C. Nordström, Anna Törnroos, and Christina Henseler
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0106 biological sciences ,Biological traits ,Baltic Sea ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Biodiversity ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Common species ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,14. Life underwater ,Zostera ,VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Invertebrate ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Communities ,fungi ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Seagrass ,Habitat ,Benthic zone ,Species richness ,Coastal habitats - Abstract
Coastal habitats are used by a great variety of organisms during some or all stages of their life cycle. When assessing the link between biological communities and their environment, most studies focus on environmental gradients, whereas the comparison between multiple habitats is rarely considered. Consequently, trait-based aspects of biodiversity in and between habitats have received little attention. Here, we use the biological trait approach in addition to the more common species-based approach to examine trait and taxonomic diversity and composition of invertebrate and fish communities in different coastal habitats, common in the northern Baltic Sea. The habitats include bladderwrack (Fucus), seagrass (Zostera), rock with associated algal species (Rock), and bare sand (Sand). We found distinct differences in community diversity and composition between the habitats. For invertebrates, the sediment of the seagrass meadow had the highest taxonomic and trait richness and diversity, whereas Sand had the highest for fish. The highest dissimilarity in invertebrate community composition was between epifaunal (Rock, Fucus, Zostera Epifauna) and infaunal habitats (Sand, Zostera Infauna) on the one hand, and between vegetated (Zostera Infauna) and unvegetated sediments (Sand) on the other hand, emphasizing the major role vegetation plays in structuring communities. We demonstrate that fish community composition is distinct based on species, and to a lesser degree also distinct based on traits, in the different studied habitats. Both invertebrate and fish communities were more similar on a trait level than taxonomically among the habitats highlighting the presence of similar trait identities in the different habitats. Among the traits examined, Body size contributed most to dissimilarities among habitats for both invertebrates and fish, pointing out the ecological importance of body size for differentiating trait composition of communities. Based on our assessment of biodiversity, using the biological trait approach parallel to the taxonomic approach, we show that trait-based measures clearly provide additional information, such as key functions present in a habitat. This aspect cannot be captured by solely using taxonomic indices, which only shed light on diversity from a species identity point of view. Consequently, to include the ecological role of species, we recommend using biological traits in addition to species-based measures in the assessment of biodiversity, and especially in the management and conservation of coastal habitats, given the important ecosystem goods and services these areas provide. more...
- Published
- 2019
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39. Catastrophic dynamics limit Atlantic cod recovery
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Christian Möllmann, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Martin Lindegren, Marie Plambech Ryberg, Saskia A. Otto, Joël M. Durant, Romain Frelat, Tom J. Langbehn, and Camilla Sguotti
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0106 biological sciences ,catastrophe theory ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Stochastic cusp modelling ,Stock collapse ,Population Dynamics ,Fisheries ,Global Warming ,Models, Biological ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Animals ,Gadus ,Seawater ,Marine ecosystem ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,14. Life underwater ,Limit (mathematics) ,stock collapse ,Atlantic Ocean ,stochastic cusp modelling ,General Environmental Science ,Stochastic Processes ,Ecology ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Catastrophe theory ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Temperature ,Population recovery ,General Medicine ,Demise ,biology.organism_classification ,Fishery ,Gadus morhua ,Atlantic cod ,Environmental science ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,population recovery ,Research Article - Abstract
Collapses and regime changes are pervasive in complex systems (such as marine ecosystems) governed by multiple stressors. The demise of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) stocks constitutes a text book example of the consequences of overexploiting marine living resources, yet the drivers of these nearly synchronous collapses are still debated. Moreover, it is still unclear why rebuilding of collapsed fish stocks such as cod is often slow or absent. Here, we apply the stochastic cusp model, based on catastrophe theory, and show that collapse and recovery of cod stocks are potentially driven by the specific interaction between exploitation pressure and environmental drivers. Our statistical modelling study demonstrates that for most of the cod stocks, ocean warming could induce a nonlinear discontinuous relationship between fishing pressure and stock size, which would explain hysteresis in their response to reduced exploitation pressure. Our study suggests further that a continuing increase in ocean temperatures will probably limit productivity and hence future fishing opportunities for most cod stocks of the Atlantic Ocean. Moreover, our study contributes to the ongoing discussion on the importance of climate and fishing effects on commercially exploited fish stocks, highlighting the importance of considering discontinuous dynamics in holistic ecosystem-based management approaches, particularly under climate change. more...
- Published
- 2019
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40. Biological ensemble modeling to evaluate potential futures of living marine resources
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Thorsten Blenckner, Anna Gårdmark, Bärbel Müller-Karulis, Susa Niiranen, Maciej T. Tomczak, Stefan Neuenfeldt, Anders Wikström, Outi Heikinheimo, Christian Möllmann, E. Aro, and Martin Lindegren
- Subjects
Marine conservation ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Time Factors ,Ecology ,Ensemble forecasting ,Computer science ,Climate Change ,Oceans and Seas ,Ecology (disciplines) ,Population Dynamics ,Fisheries ,Temperature ,Complex system ,Models, Biological ,Ecosystem-based management ,Gadus morhua ,Animals ,Biomass ,Scenario analysis ,Natural resource management ,Futures contract ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Natural resource management requires approaches to understand and handle sources of uncertainty in future responses of complex systems to human activities. Here we present one such approach, the "biological ensemble modeling approach," using the Eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias) as an example. The core of the approach is to expose an ensemble of models with different ecological assumptions to climate forcing, using multiple realizations of each climate scenario. We simulated the long-term response of cod to future fishing and climate change in seven ecological models ranging from single-species to food web models. These models were analyzed using the "biological ensemble modeling approach" by which we (1) identified a key ecological mechanism explaining the differences in simulated cod responses between models, (2) disentangled the uncertainty caused by differences in ecological model assumptions from the statistical uncertainty of future climate, and (3) identified results common for the whole model ensemble. Species interactions greatly influenced the simulated response of cod to fishing and climate, as well as the degree to which the statistical uncertainty of climate trajectories carried through to uncertainty of cod responses. Models ignoring the feedback from prey on cod showed large interannual fluctuations in cod dynamics and were more sensitive to the underlying uncertainty of climate forcing than models accounting for such stabilizing predator-prey feedbacks. Yet in all models, intense fishing prevented recovery, and climate change further decreased the cod population. Our study demonstrates how the biological ensemble modeling approach makes it possible to evaluate the relative importance of different sources of uncertainty in future species responses, as well as to seek scientific conclusions and sustainable management solutions robust to uncertainty of food web processes in the face of climate change. more...
- Published
- 2013
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41. Towards sustainable fisheries of the Öresund cod (Gadus morhua) through sub-stock-specific assessment and management recommendations
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Henrik Svedäng, P. Anders Nilsson, Staffan Waldo, Anders Persson, and Martin Lindegren
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Stock assessment ,Ecology ,biology ,Population ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,biology.organism_classification ,Fish stock ,Structuring ,Fishery ,Gadus ,Fisheries management ,Atlantic cod ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Stock (geology) - Abstract
Lindegren, M., Waldo, S., Nilsson, P. A., Svedäng, H., and Persson, A. 2013. Towards sustainable fisheries of the Öresund cod (Gadus morhua) through sub-stock-specific assessment and management recommendations. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1140–1150. Fisheries management traditionally relies on stock assessments assuming discrete populations within large administrational areas. However, failing to account for sub-stock structuring may result in overestimation of the stocks' true harvest potential and unsustainable exploitation of small stock elements. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) frequently occurs in spatially segregated populations, some of which exhibit fine-scaled stock structuring within current management boundaries. Here we use the locally spawning cod stock in the Sound (“Öresund”) as a case study, and perform a sub-stock-specific assessment to evaluate biological and economic effects of managing the Sound cod as a separate stock. Our results indicate that reducing exploitation pressure, particularly through technical regulations i.e. increasing gill-net mesh sizes, would not only enhance the stock age distribution, but yield long-term net benefits to the local gill-net fishery. Furthermore, our study emphasizes the need for developing sub-stock-specific management recommendations in order to ensure the maintenance of fisheries resources in general, and the persistence of sub-stock structuring in particular. more...
- Published
- 2013
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42. Climate-induced response of commercially important flatfish species during the 20th century
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Martin Lindegren, Claus Reedtz Sparrevohn, and Brian R. MacKenzie
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Pleuronectes ,biology ,Brill ,Aquatic Science ,Catch per unit effort ,Oceanography ,biology.organism_classification ,Scophthalmus ,Turbot ,Fishery ,Flatfish ,Common species ,Abundance (ecology) - Abstract
The consequence of elevated ocean temperatures on commercial fish stocks is addressed using time series of commercial landings (1906–2004) and juvenile survey catch data (1904–2006) collected around Denmark. We analyze (i) whether warm-water sole (Solea solea) has increased relative to Boreal plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and (ii) whether two related warm-water species (turbot, Psetta maxima and brill, Scophthalmus rhombus) show similar responses to increasing temperature or, alternatively, whether turbot (which has a broader juvenile diet) has been favored. Since the early 1980s, both sole and turbot have constituted an increasing part of the commercial landings and survey catches, as compared with plaice and brill, respectively. These changes in species composition were linked to sea surface temperatures, Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies (NHA) and the North Atlantic Oscillation. NHA was closely related and explained 43% of the observed variation in sole survey catches relative to the plaice catches and almost 38% of the observed variation in the sole landings relative to the plaice landings. For the less common species, turbot and brill, none of the global change indicators explained more than 15% of the variation, although all showed a positive relationship. Survey catch per unit effort increased significantly for both sole and turbot around the early 1980s, whereas catch per unit effort for plaice and brill remained constant. The results indicate that the abundance of warm-water species is likely to increase with increasing temperature but also that species with similar life histories might react differently according to degree of specialization. more...
- Published
- 2013
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43. Swedish coastal herring fisheries in the wake of an ITQ system
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Staffan Waldo, Cecilia Hammarlund, P. Anders Nilsson, Martin Lindegren, Anders Persson, and Kim Berndt
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Economics and Econometrics ,Fishing ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatic Science ,Fisheries law ,Fishery ,Herring ,Baltic sea ,Current management ,European commission ,Business ,New entrants ,Fisheries management ,Law ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The European common fisheries policy (CFP) advocates measures to sustain small-scale fisheries; hence, in the European Commission's proposal for a reformed CFP, these are exempted from a mandatory system with tradable fishing concessions. This opens up for management actions designed for small-scale fisheries, but also implies new management issues. This article provides insights into the topic based on a Swedish small-scale herring fishery in the western Baltic Sea that was exempted from an ITQ-system. The fishery has been profitable since the system was introduced, and the increasing effort of both incumbent fishermen and new entrants implies a situation where fishermen compete for a limited quota. The migratory pattern of the herring implies high densities in the southern parts of the fishing areas during spring and in the northern parts during autumn. This forms the basis for two different fisheries in the area, as well as for the current management proposal to divide the quota into a spring and an autumn part. This and other management proposals are discussed in the paper. The main conclusion from the case study is that, when exempting a fishery from tradable fishing concessions, it is important to build other institutions dealing with the fundamental problem of access to the quota. Failure to do so might result in an over-capacity issue and threaten the long-run development of an otherwise successful small-scale fishery. more...
- Published
- 2013
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44. Temperature dependence of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) recruitment in the California Current Ecosystem revisited and revised
- Author
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Martin Lindegren and David M. Checkley
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,biology ,Population ,Sardine ,Pelagic zone ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Pacific ocean ,Current (stream) ,Sea surface temperature ,Oceanography ,Clupeidae ,Environmental science ,Ecosystem ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Small pelagic fish typically show highly variable population dynamics due, in large part, to climate variability. Despite this sensitivity to climate, few stocks of pelagic species are managed with consideration of the environment. The Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) represents a notable exception, for which sea surface temperature (SST) from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) pier has been used, until recently, to adjust exploitation pressure under warm (favorable) and cold (unfavorable) climate conditions. Recently, the previously established temperature–recruitment relationship was reassessed using different methods, resulting in abandonment of the temperature-sensitive harvest control rule in 2012. In this study, we revisit the previous temperature–recruitment relationship using the original methodology and an updated data set from 1981 to 2010. In contrast to the recent reassessment, we find temperature explains significant variability in recruitment and recruitment success. We also show that mean annual SST averaged over the present California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations area is a better predictor of recruitment variability than SST at the SIO pier. We propose that sustainable management of the Pacific sardine should consider climate variability and that the basis for this be periodically updated and revised to inform management with the best available science. more...
- Published
- 2013
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45. Temporal and spatial differences between taxonomic and trait biodiversity in a large marine ecosystem : Causes and consequences
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Mark R. Payne, Tim Spaanheden Dencker, Martin Lindegren, Laurene Pecuchet, Katherine Richardson, and Esther Beukhof
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Population Dynamics ,Biodiversity ,lcsh:Medicine ,Marine and Aquatic Sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Marine Fish ,lcsh:Science ,Data Management ,Marine Ecosystems ,Multidisciplinary ,Geography ,Ecology ,Fishes ,Temperature ,Eukaryota ,Phenotype ,Community Ecology ,Vertebrates ,Trait ,Medicine ,Species evenness ,North Sea ,Ecosystem Functioning ,Research Article ,Assembly rules ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Ecological Metrics ,Science ,Biomass (Ecology) ,Marine Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Ecosystems ,Spatio-Temporal Analysis ,Animals ,Life Science ,Ecosystem ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,14. Life underwater ,Community Structure ,Taxonomy ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,lcsh:R ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Organisms ,Species diversity ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Species Diversity ,15. Life on land ,Fish ,13. Climate action ,Spatial ecology ,Earth Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,Species richness - Abstract
Biodiversity is a multifaceted concept, yet most biodiversity studies have taken a taxonomic approach, implying that all species are equally important. However, species do not contribute equally to ecosystem processes and differ markedly in their responses to changing environments. This recognition has led to the exploration of other components of biodiversity, notably the diversity of ecologically important traits. Recent studies taking into account both taxonomic and trait diversity have revealed that the two biodiversity components may exhibit pronounced temporal and spatial differences. These apparent incongruences indicate that the two components may respond differently to environmental drivers and that changes in one component might not affect the other. Such incongruences may provide insight into the structuring of communities through community assembly processes, and the resilience of ecosystems to change. Here we examine temporal and spatial patterns and drivers of multiple marine biodiversity indicators using the North Sea fish community as a case study. Based on long-term spatially resolved survey data on fish species occurrences and biomasses from 1983 to 2014 and an extensive trait dataset we: (i) investigate temporal and spatial incongruences between taxonomy and trait-based indicators of both richness and evenness; (ii) examine the underlying environmental drivers and, (iii) interpret the results in the context of assembly rules acting on community composition. Our study shows that taxonomy and trait-based biodiversity indicators differ in time and space and that these differences are correlated to natural and anthropogenic drivers, notably temperature, depth and substrate richness. Our findings show that trait-based biodiversity indicators add information regarding community composition and ecosystem structure compared to and in conjunction with taxonomy-based indicators. These results emphasize the importance of examining and monitoring multiple indicators of biodiversity in ecological studies as well as for conservation and ecosystem-based management purposes. more...
- Published
- 2017
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46. Community ecology in 3D: Tensor decomposition reveals spatio-temporal dynamics of large ecological communities
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Heino O. Fock, Romain Frelat, Christian Möllmann, Moritz Stäbler, Martin Lindegren, Saskia A. Otto, Tim Spaanheden Dencker, Camilla Sguotti, and Jens Floeter
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0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,lcsh:Medicine ,Climate change ,Biology ,Spatial distribution ,01 natural sciences ,Atlantic multidecadal oscillation ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Principal component analysis ,Ecosystems ,Fish biology ,Community structure ,Community ecology ,Marine ecology ,Species diversity ,Statistical data ,14. Life underwater ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,lcsh:Science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Community ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,lcsh:R ,15. Life on land ,13. Climate action ,Ecosystem management ,lcsh:Q - Abstract
Understanding spatio-temporal dynamics of biotic communities containing large numbers of species is crucial to guide ecosystem management and conservation efforts. However, traditional approaches usually focus on studying community dynamics either in space or in time, often failing to fully account for interlinked spatio-temporal changes. In this study, we demonstrate and promote the use of tensor decomposition for disentangling spatio-temporal community dynamics in long-term monitoring data. Tensor decomposition builds on traditional multivariate statistics (e.g. Principal Component Analysis) but extends it to multiple dimensions. This extension allows for the synchronized study of multiple ecological variables measured repeatedly in time and space. We applied this comprehensive approach to explore the spatio-temporal dynamics of 65 demersal fish species in the North Sea, a marine ecosystem strongly altered by human activities and climate change. Our case study demonstrates how tensor decomposition can successfully (i) characterize the main spatio-temporal patterns and trends in species abundances, (ii) identify sub-communities of species that share similar spatial distribution and temporal dynamics, and (iii) reveal external drivers of change. Our results revealed a strong spatial structure in fish assemblages persistent over time and linked to differences in depth, primary production and seasonality. Furthermore, we simultaneously characterized important temporal distribution changes related to the low frequency temperature variability inherent in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Finally, we identified six major sub-communities composed of species sharing similar spatial distribution patterns and temporal dynamics. Our case study demonstrates the application and benefits of using tensor decomposition for studying complex community data sets usually derived from large-scale monitoring programs. more...
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- 2017
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47. Trophic impact of Atlantic bluefin tuna migrations in the North Sea
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Martin Lindegren, Ken Haste Andersen, Patrizio Mariani, and Brian R. MacKenzie
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0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,food and beverages ,long distance migration ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Fishery ,trophic cascade ,Environmental science ,size spectrum model ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,Tuna ,North sea ,Trophic cascade ,human activities ,fish community ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Trophic level - Abstract
Large highly migratory predators can have major impacts on local marine ecosystems by reducing prey populations and leading to trophic cascades that affect the entire fish community. These trophic interactions are typically non-linear and can alter both the migratory behaviour of the predator and the stability of the fish community. The impact of a migrating top-predator is investigated here for Atlantic bluefin tuna in the North Sea. Bluefin tuna has been absent from the region for half-century, but recent years have seen recovery of migrations and a return of bluefin tuna in the area. We use a size spectrum model to analyse the trophic impact of the returning tuna on the entire fish community, under scenarios with varying levels of tuna consumption and fishing mortality on the prey. We show that with high level of prey fishing mortality in the North Sea, the effect of a tuna re-colonization results in only limited trophic cascades. However, high tuna consumption or changes in fishing mortality may result in a sudden recruitment failure of small-pelagic fish due to cascading effects on the fish community. In present-day conditions, the level of tuna consumption that triggers recruitment failure is lower at increasing fishing mortalities on their prey, providing indications for the future sustainable management of both small-pelagics and bluefin tuna in the area. more...
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- 2017
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48. From traits to life-history strategies: Deconstructing fish community composition across European seas
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Laurene Pecuchet, Martin Lindegren, Manuel Hidalgo, Marina Delgado, Antonio Esteban, Heino O. Fock, Luis Gil de Sola, Antonio Punzón, Jón Sólmundsson, Mark R. Payne
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- 2017
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49. The importance of benthic-pelagic coupling for marine ecosystem functioning in a changing world
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Jennifer R, Griffiths, Martina, Kadin, Francisco J A, Nascimento, Tobias, Tamelander, Anna, Törnroos, Stefano, Bonaglia, Erik, Bonsdorff, Volker, Brüchert, Anna, Gårdmark, Marie, Järnström, Jonne, Kotta, Martin, Lindegren, Marie C, Nordström, Alf, Norkko, Jens, Olsson, Benjamin, Weigel, Ramunas, Žydelis, Thorsten, Blenckner, Susa, Niiranen, and Monika, Winder more...
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Food Chain ,Climate Change ,Fishes ,Animals ,Ecosystem - Abstract
Benthic-pelagic coupling is manifested as the exchange of energy, mass, or nutrients between benthic and pelagic habitats. It plays a prominent role in aquatic ecosystems, and it is crucial to functions from nutrient cycling to energy transfer in food webs. Coastal and estuarine ecosystem structure and function are strongly affected by anthropogenic pressures; however, there are large gaps in our understanding of the responses of inorganic nutrient and organic matter fluxes between benthic habitats and the water column. We illustrate the varied nature of physical and biological benthic-pelagic coupling processes and their potential sensitivity to three anthropogenic pressures - climate change, nutrient loading, and fishing - using the Baltic Sea as a case study and summarize current knowledge on the exchange of inorganic nutrients and organic material between habitats. Traditionally measured benthic-pelagic coupling processes (e.g., nutrient exchange and sedimentation of organic material) are to some extent quantifiable, but the magnitude and variability of biological processes are rarely assessed, preventing quantitative comparisons. Changing oxygen conditions will continue to have widespread effects on the processes that govern inorganic and organic matter exchange among habitats while climate change and nutrient load reductions may have large effects on organic matter sedimentation. Many biological processes (predation, bioturbation) are expected to be sensitive to anthropogenic drivers, but the outcomes for ecosystem function are largely unknown. We emphasize how improved empirical and experimental understanding of benthic-pelagic coupling processes and their variability are necessary to inform models that can quantify the feedbacks among processes and ecosystem responses to a changing world. more...
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- 2016
50. Marine ecosystem connectivity mediated by migrant-resident interactions and the concomitant cross-system flux of lipids
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Stefan Neuenfeldt, Christian Jorgensen, P. Anders Nilsson, Mikael van Deurs, Anders Persson, Charlotte Jacobsen, and Martin Lindegren
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0106 biological sciences ,predator-prey interactions ,Baltic Sea ,Population ,meta-ecosystem ,Biology ,food quality ,migration ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Predation ,FATM ,Herring ,Biologiska vetenskaper ,Ecosystem ,Marine ecosystem ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,education ,Clupea harengus ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Trophic level ,Original Research ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,dietary fatty acids ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,meta‐ecosystem ,nutritional quality ,predator–prey interactions ,Biological Sciences ,trophic tracers ,resource subsidies ,Fishery ,Habitat ,Productivity (ecology) ,Arachidonic acid ,Gadus morhua - Abstract
Accumulating research argues that migrants influence the functioning and productivity of local habitats and ecosystems along migration routes and potentially drive cross‐system energy fluxes of considerable magnitude, yet empirical documentation of local ecological effects and descriptions of the underlying mechanisms are surprisingly rare. In this study, we discovered migrant–resident interactions and substantial cross‐system lipid transportation in the transition zone between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea where a resident cod population (predators) was found to interact with a herring population (prey) on a seasonal basis. We traced the lipids, using fatty acid trophic markers (FATM), from the herring feeding grounds in the North Sea to the cod livers in the Western Baltic Sea. Time series analysis of population dynamics indicated that population‐level production of cod is positively affected by the herring subsidies. However, the underlying mechanisms were more complicated than anticipated. During the herring season, large cod received most of its dietary lipids from the herring, whereas smaller cod were prevented from accessing the lipid pool due to a mismatch in predator–prey size ratio. Furthermore, while the herring were extremely rich in bulk energy, they were surprisingly poor in a specific functional fatty acid. Hence, our study was the first to illustrate how the magnitude cross‐system fluxes of subsidies in migrant–resident systems are potentially constrained by the size structure of the resident predator population and the nutritional quality of the migrants. more...
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- 2016
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- View/download PDF
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