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Diabetic wound healing is a complicated procedure because hyperglycemia changes the various stages of wound healing. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), oxidative stress is proven to be a critical factor in causing non-healing wounds and aggravating the inflammatory phase, resulting in the amputation of lower limbs in T2DM patients. This makes scientists figure out how to control oxidative stress and chronic inflammation at the molecular level. Nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Nrf2) releases antioxidant proteins to suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation and inflammation. The current review discusses the role of Nrf2 in improving diabetic wound healing by reducing the production of ROS and thus reducing oxidative stress, as well as inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) dissociation and nuclear translocation, which prevents the release of inflammatory mediators and increases antioxidant protein levels, thereby improving diabetic wound healing. As a result, the researcher will be able to find a more effective diabetic wound healing therapy.

Evidence shows that reports of psychopathology symptoms by youth and their caregiver informants differ. To quantify youth-caregiver discrepancies in psychopathology symptoms and factors associated with such discrepancies, we investigated differences in how youth and their caregivers rated psychopathology symptoms. The sample (N = 5094) was extracted from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, a community-based sample of youth and included participants ages 11-17 years old with both youth and caregiver reported symptom scores. Across psychopathology symptoms, youth-caregiver concordance was poor to fair (Cohens kappa for symptom items ranged between 0.03-0.41). Psychosis symptoms had the lowest concordance-Cohen's kappa ranged from 0.03 to 0.17 across psychosis symptoms. Discrepancies between youth and caregiver symptom reports were greater than average for Black youth and for youth of low socioeconomic status; discrepancies were also higher than average in youth with any psychiatric disorder when compared to typically developing youth. Network analysis of difference scores obtained by subtracting youth symptom scores from caregiver reported symptom scores showed that network connectivity (i.e., correlated difference scores) was sparsest for psychosis spectrum compared to other psychiatric disorders. Using a large sample, we show that youth and their caregiver informants tend to report psychopathology symptoms differently. Youth-caregiver discrepancies were the most pronounced for Black youth and youth of low socio-economic status. Race and socioeconomic status contribute to significant differences in how youth and their caregivers report such symptoms and are important factors that should be accounted for to facilitate accurate mental health symptom assessment and evaluation.

2D/1D heterojunction α-Fe2O3/C3N4 photocatalysts containing α-Fe2O3 microrods and polymeric carbon nitride flakes are synthesised through the calcination of Fe-based metal-organic frameworks and boost the visible light photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B.

Background Youth mental health disorders are strong predictors of adult mental health disorders. Early identification of mental health disorders in youth is important as it could aid early intervention and prevention. In a disorder agnostic manner, we aimed to identify influential psychopathology symptoms that could impact mental health in youth. Methods This study sampled 6063 participants from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort and comprised of youth of ages 12–21 years. A mixed graphical model was used to estimate the network structure of 115 symptoms corresponding to 16 psychopathology domains. Importance of individual symptoms in the network were assessed using node influence measures such as strength centrality and predictability. Results The generated network had stronger associations between symptoms within a psychopathological domain; overall had no negative associations. A conduct disorder symptom eliciting threatening others and a depression symptom - persistent sadness or depressed mood - had the greatest strength centralities (β = 2.85). Fear of traveling in a car and compulsively going in and out a door had the largest predictability (classification accuracy = 0.99). Conduct disorder, depression, and obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms generally had the largest strength centralities. Suicidal thoughts had the largest bridge strength centrality (β = 2.85). Subgroup networks revealed that network structure differed by socioeconomic status (low versus high, p = 0.04) and network connectivity patterns differed by sex (p = 0.01), but not for age or race. Conclusions Psychopathology symptom networks offer insights that could be leveraged for early identification, intervention, and possibly prevention of mental health disorders.

BackgroundIt remains unknown why ~30% of patients with psychotic disorders fail to respond to treatment. Previous genomic investigations of treatment-resistant psychosis have been inconclusive, but some evidence suggests a possible link between rare disease-associated copy number variants (CNVs) and worse clinical outcomes in schizophrenia. Here, we identified schizophrenia-associated CNVs in patients with treatment-resistant psychotic symptoms and then compared the prevalence of these CNVs to previously published schizophrenia cases not selected for treatment resistance.MethodsCNVs were identified using chromosomal microarray (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES) in 509 patients with treatment-resistant psychosis (a lack of clinical response to ≥3 adequate antipsychotic medication trials over at least 5 years of psychiatric hospitalization). Prevalence of schizophrenia-associated CNVs in this sample was compared to that in a previously published large schizophrenia cohort study.ResultsIntegrating CMA and WES data, we identified 47 cases (9.2%) with at least one CNV of known or possible neuropsychiatric risk. 4.7% (n = 24) carried a known neurodevelopmental risk CNV. The prevalence of well-replicated schizophrenia-associated CNVs was 4.1%, with duplications of the 16p11.2 and 15q11.2-q13.1 regions, and deletions of the 22q11.2 chromosomal region as the most frequent CNVs. Pairwise loci-based analysis identified duplications of 15q11.2-q13.1 to be independently associated with treatment resistance.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CNVs may uniquely impact clinical phenotypes beyond increasing risk for schizophrenia and may potentially serve as biological entry points for studying treatment resistance. Further investigation will be necessary to elucidate the spectrum of phenotypic characteristics observed in adult psychiatric patients with disease-associated CNVs.

Wound healing is a complicated organised process that includes numerous phases that connect diverse cellular events and activate several intracellular molecular pathways in injured cells and tissues. Delay in wound healing owing to high levels of oxidative stress is a major difficulty in various metabolic illnesses, including diabetes mellitus. Several therapeutic wound dressing materials and methods, such as hyperbaric oxygen treatment and negative pressure wound therapy, have been developed to speed up wound healing and restore cellular homeostasis. A significant advance has been made in locating transcriptional regulators involved in wound healing. The redox sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the major regulator of antioxidant defense regulation, inducing the expression of cyto-protective genes and increasing the generation of antioxidants that scavenge free radicals.Activators of Nrf2 have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and improve wound healing in a variety of pathophysiological situations, including diabetes and its consequences such as diabetic foot ulcers, chronic kidney disease, and diabetic nephropathy. Several therapeutic chemicals have been discovered to alleviate oxidative stress and consequently increase cell proliferation. Angiogenesis results in tissue healing through activating the transcription factor Nrf2. This review focuses on role of Nrf2 mediated antioxidant gene expression for diabetic wound healing.

ObjectiveAdvances in genetics has led to a better understanding of both genetic and environmental contributions to psychiatric mental health disorders. But psychiatric genetics research is predominantly Eurocentric, and individuals of non-European ancestry continue to be significantly underrepresented in research studies. The objective of this study was to examine factors associated with genetic study participation in a schizophrenia sample.MethodsThe study sample was extracted from the Clinical Antipsychotics Trial of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia study which enrolled patients with schizophrenia between the ages of 18-65 and incorporated an optional genetic sub-study. Using regression models, we examined sociodemographic and clinical factors that were independently associated with participation in the genetic sub-study.ResultsThe genetic sub-study had a lower proportion of Black (30% in genetic vs 40% in CATIE overall) and Other race (4% vs 6%) participants. Severe psychopathology symptoms (odds ratio [OR]=0.78, p=0.004) and better reasoning scores (OR = 1.16,p= 0.036) influenced the odds of genetic study participation. Compared to Black participants, White participants were significantly more likely to participate in the genetic sub-study (OR=1.43, p=0.009)ConclusionRace and clinical variables significantly impact genetic study participation of individuals with schizophrenia. Future studies should examine the interactive effects of race and clinical variables for a nuanced understanding of how individuals diagnosed with severe psychiatric illnesses choose to participate in genetics studies.

Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD) are imperative, as its symptoms can be highly disruptive to both patients and their caregivers. Misdiagnosis can lead to incorrect interventions with suboptimal or even deleterious results. To aid in the identification and differentiation of TD in the psychiatric practice setting, we review its clinical features and movement phenomenology, as well as those of other antipsychotic-induced movement disorders, with accompanying links to illustrative videos. Exposure to dopamine receptor blocking agents (DRBAs) such as antipsychotics or antiemetics is associated with a spectrum of movement disorders including TD. The differential diagnosis of TD is based on history of DRBA exposure, recent discontinuation or dose reduction of a DRBA, and movement phenomenology. Common diagnostic challenges are the abnormal behaviors and dyskinesias associated with advanced age or chronic mental illness, and other movement disorders associated with DRBA therapy, such as akathisia, parkinsonian tremor, and tremor related to use of mood stabilizing agents (eg, lithium, divalproex). Duration of exposure may help rule out acute drug-induced syndromes such as acute dystonia or acute/subacute akathisia. Another important consideration is the potential for TD to present together with other drug-induced movement disorders (eg, parkinsonism, parkinsonian tremor, and postural tremor from mood stabilizers) in the same patient, which can complicate both diagnosis and management. After documentation of the phenomenology, severity, and distribution of TD movements, treatment options should be reviewed with the patient and caregivers.

Electrode materials for supercapacitors have been one of the crucial factors for the successful design of a renewable energy storage device. In this work, we present a bottom-up approach for the large-scale synthesis of three ternary hybrid aerogel nanocomposites, namely CMGA-1, CMGA-2 and CMGA-3, via the facile self-assembly of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets derived from urea (TE_UCN). The three composites differ from each other only in the content of TE_UCN, with TE_UCN wt% of 33%, 60% and 71.4%, respectively, for CMGA-1, CMGA-2 and CMGA-3. All three composites possess a large surface area with a hierarchical porous structure. The influence of the wt% of TE_UCN in these composites on the electrochemical performance of the electrode was investigated using charge–discharge curves. When used as the electrode for supercapacitors, the nanocomposites exhibit pseudocapacitive behavior in NaCl solution. Comparing the three nanocomposites investigated here, CMGA-3 showed the best electrochemical performance, with a specific capacitance of 467 F g−1 and the ability to retain up to 80.4% of this capacitance even after 2000 cycles, demonstrating good stability and improved cyclic performance. The excellent supercapacitance of CMGA-3 is due to its high surface area (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area = 432.3 m2 g−1) and low equivalent series resistance of 3.24 Ω.

We introduce and study a new class of modules and rings we call n/2-perspective, which can either be described in terms of perspective direct summands, associate idempotents, or generalized inverses. When n is small (≤ 2), we recover existing class of modules and rings: (endo)abelian, strongly IC and perspective ones. And 3/2-perspective rings are characterized by all their regular elements being special clean. Standard constructions are also discussed and examples are provided.

Antipsychotics can be life changing, but like all medications, they can also have unwanted effects, including drug-induced movement disorders such as tardive dyskinesia (TD). More patients are receiving antipsychotic treatment from non-psychiatry health care providers, including primary care and general practitioners. Despite misconceptions to the contrary, recent analyses suggest that the risk of drug-induced movement disorders such as TD has not been eliminated. Nurses across all care settings will increasingly encounter patients treated with antipsychotics. Nurses are critical for ensuring that patients exposed to antipsychotics receive screening and monitoring, care, and education.

Background Bright light therapy has shown promise in addressing sleep problems in nursing facility residents with dementia. However, recent studies yielded conflicting outcomes and few studies focused on nursing facilities. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe effectiveness of light interventions in nursing facility residents with dementia. Method: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and Scopus using key terms “sleep”, “dementia” and “residential facilities”, and synthesized data with thematic analysis and vote-counting. Results Of eight studies that met inclusion criteria, six were randomized controlled trials and 2 were quasi-experimental. Sample size ranged from 11 to 77 residents. Studies tested 3 light therapies: timed bright light (n=6), timed regular light (n=1), and variable 24hour light (n=1). Light delivery method, light exposure, and adherence to therapy protocols were not consistently reported. All studies indicated light therapy improved some resident outcomes, such as sleep efficacy and total sleep time; however, 88% of studies did not report sampling strategies or a statistical power analysis and 22% had small sample size (n < 15). Conclusion Insufficient evidence is available to recommend light therapies for nursing facility residents with dementia. Adequately statistically powered studies that are rigorously designed with representative samples are needed for robust estimation of the effects of light therapy on sleep. Future studies must account for the unique characteristics of nursing facility residents with dementia that impact their adherence to light therapy.

Motivated by the idea of perspectivity of rings and modules, we introduce left/right perspective elements of a ring. We notably prove that perspective elements form a proper subset of special clean elements. An equational characterization of these elements is given and examples are provided.

Recently, freestanding polymer thin films encapsulated with nanostructures have attracted the significant attention of the scientific community due to their promising application in portable optoelectronic devices. In this research contribution, we have fabricated a freestanding polymer thin film of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) encapsulated with carbon nitride quantum dots (CN-QDs) using the casting method, for the first time. The PVA polymer matrix provides mechanical support as well as dispersion of the CN-QDs preventing its solid-state quenching. From UV-visible spectra, it is revealed that optical transparency decreases with an increase in the concentration of CN-QDs within the PVA polymeric thin film. Such kind of decrease in optical transparency is one of the crucial factors for the optical concert of a nanomaterial. Interestingly, we have optimized the synthesis protocol to retain 40% transparency of the thin film by incorporating 10 wt % CN-QDs along with PVA without deteriorating its optical behavior. It is observed that when CN-QDs are embedded in the PVA matrix, emission becomes independent of excitation wavelength and is localized in the 510-530 nm region of the spectrum. Thus, the films exhibit excellent greenish-yellow emission when excited at 420 nm with the Commission Internationale de l'eclairage (CIE) coordinates (0.39, 0.46) and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4105 K. These excellent optoelectronic properties make them a promising candidate for practical phosphor applications. In a nutshell, this study demonstrates a promising way to exhibit the luminescence potential of freestanding polymer/CN-QD films in CN-QD-based solid-state lighting systems.

An iron oxide based-electroactive IoNanofluid with a high dielectric constant, high stability and low viscosity was synthesized from ferrous sulphate heptahydrate via a facile microwave assisted one-step route in 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride. The IoNanofluid exhibited CE coupled faradaic redox reactions involving reversible chemical reaction and reversible electron transfer steps. A transition from diffusion controlled to surface controlled capacitive processes was observed at varying scan rates. The efficiency of the charge-discharge process was greater than 94% even after 100 cycles.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a widely used technology in many kinds of geological survey. It’s a geological method that uses radar pulse to image the surface. It is a non- intrusive method of surveying the subsurface to investigate underground utilities such as concrete, asphalt, metals, pipes, cable etc. To add onto these properties of GPR, here a drone and several sensors, which will make GPR surveys more efficient and accurate. The GPR is mounted over a drone (DJIM600 Pro) which will give more precision in work and exploring difficult areas. A GPR mounted on a drone enables to see the underground surface of ground without compromising safety and providing more efficient surveying. Also, it can be used for surveying in unreachable areas and make our job easier. In order to increase the application level of GPR drone integrated system several sensors such as pressure, thermal, humidity, snowfall, rain, gas, infrared sensors are also mounted. In short, GPR drone integrated system with sensors is the easiest and safe solution for geological surveys, archaeological surveys, weather forecasting etc. Keywords: GPR; geology, drone.

Objective: Evidence shows that reports of psychopathology symptoms from informants and youth differ. Such discrepancies are dependent on informant type and psychopathology characteristics but may also be related to sociodemographic and cultural factors. This study quantified youth-collateral discrepancies in symptoms and assessed the network structure of these discrepancies across psychopathology domains.Method: The sample (N = 5094) was extracted from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, a racially and socioeconomically diverse community-based sample of youth in the United States and consisted of participants ages 11-17 years old with both youth and collateral reports on psychopathology symptoms. We examined youth-collateral discrepancies and conducted network analysis to examine discrepancy patterns across the spectrum of psychopathology domains. In a novel approach, networks were constructed using youth-collateral difference scores to identify discrepancy patterns accounting for the effects of youth and collateral factors.Results: Across all domains, agreement ranged from just slight to fair. Psychosis symptoms had the lowest Cohen’s kappas with a range from 0.03 to 0.17. Absolute difference scores were greater than average for Black youth and for youth of low socioeconomic status. Difference score networks compared across race, socio-economic strata, sex and age-groups were not statistically significant. Difference scores were higher than average for all psychiatric disorder groups with the largest difference and the sparsest network structure for psychosis spectrum.Conclusion: Consideration of race and socioeconomic status is important when psychopathology symptom reports are obtained from youth and collaterals. Across major disorder groups, psychosis spectrum appear to have a distinct network structure of youth-collateral discrepancies. Such discrepancies could potentially be leveraged for early identification.

Environmental regulations demand efficient and eco-friendly ways of power generation. Coal continues to play a vital role in power generation because of its availability in abundance. Power generation using coal leads to local pollution problems. Hence this conflicting situation demands a new technology - Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC). Gasifier is one of the subsystems in IGCC. It is a multivariable system with four inputs and four outputs with higher degree of cross coupling between the input and output variables. ALSTOM – a multinational and Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) - developed a detailed nonlinear mathematical model, validated made this model available to the academic community and demanded different control strategies which will satisfy certain stringent performance criteria during specified disturbances. These demands of ALSTOM are well known as “ALSTOM Benchmark Challenges”. The chapter is addressed to solve Alstom Benchmark Challenges using Proportional-Integral-Derivative-Filter (PIDF) controllers optimised by Genetic Algorithm.

Correction for ‘A 2D/1D heterojunction nanocomposite built from polymeric carbon nitride and MIL-88A(Fe) derived α-Fe2O3 for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B’ by Vandana P. Viswanathan et al., New J. Chem., 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d1nj05439b.

Little is known about the impact of family history of psychosis on youth from community samples. To fill this gap, we compared youth with a first-degree relative with psychosis spectrum symptoms (i.e. family history of psychosis spectrum symptoms, FHPS) to youth without FHPS in a cross-sectional analysis of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC). The PNC is a racially diverse community sample of 9498 youth ages 8-21 years old, of whom 8928 completed the Family Interview for Genetic Studies to determine FHPS status. Polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRSS) was available for a subsample of 4433 European Americans. FHPS youth (n = 489) constituted 5.5% of the analytic sample. After adjusting for environmental risk factors (sociodemographic variables and traumatic stressful events), FHPS youth had lower functioning on the Children's Global Assessment Scale and elevated psychosis spectrum, mood, externalizing, and fear symptoms compared to non-FHPS youth (all p .001). In the European-American subsample, FHPS status was associated with poorer functioning and greater symptom burden in all four psychopathology domains (all p .001), even after covarying for PRSS. Thus, ascertaining FHPS is important because it is uniquely associated with symptoms and functional impairment in community youth beyond PRS-S and the environmental risk factors we investigated. Future research identifying environmental causes of FHPS-associated impairment could inform the development of interventions for the broad array of symptoms observed in FHPS youth.

Antipsychotics can be life changing, but like all medications, they can also have unwanted effects, including drug-induced movement disorders such as tardive dyskinesia (TD). More patients are receiving antipsychotic treatment from non-psychiatry health care providers, including primary care and general practitioners. Despite misconceptions to the contrary, recent analyses suggest that the risk of drug-induced movement disorders such as TD has not been eliminated. Nurses across all care settings will increasingly encounter patients treated with antipsychotics. Nurses are critical for ensuring that patients exposed to antipsychotics receive screening and monitoring, care, and education.

Genetic etiology of psychopathology symptoms and cognitive performance in schizophrenia is supported by candidate gene and polygenic risk score (PRS) association studies. Such associations are reported to be dependent on several factors - sample characteristics, illness phase, illness severity etc. We aimed to examine if schizophrenia PRS predicted psychopathology symptoms and cognitive performance in patients with chronic schizophrenia. We also examined if schizophrenia associated autosomal loci were associated with specific symptoms or cognitive domains. Case-only analysis using data from the Clinical Antipsychotics Trials of Intervention Effectiveness-Schizophrenia trials (n = 730). PRS was constructed using Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) leave one out genome wide association analysis as the discovery data set. For candidate region analysis, we selected 105-schizophrenia associated autosomal loci from the PGC study. We found a significant effect of PRS on positive symptoms at p-threshold (PT) of 0.5 (R2 = 0.007, p = 0.029, empirical p = 0.029) and negative symptoms at PT of 1e-07 (R2 = 0.005, p = 0.047, empirical p = 0.048). For models that additionally controlled for neurocognition, best fit PRS predicted positive (p-threshold 0.01, R2 = 0.007, p = 0.013, empirical p = 0.167) and negative symptoms (p-threshold 0.1, R2 = 0.012, p = 0.004, empirical p = 0.329). No associations were seen for overall neurocognitive and social cognitive performance tests. Post-hoc analyses revealed that PRS predicted working memory and vigilance performance but did not survive correction. No candidate regions that survived multiple testing corrections were associated with either symptoms or cognitive performance. Our findings point to potentially distinct pathogenic mechanisms for schizophrenia symptoms.

Insight in schizophrenia is clinically important as it is associated with several adverse outcomes. Genetic contributions to insight are unknown. We examined genetic contributions to insight by investigating if polygenic risk scores (PRS) and candidate regions were associated with insight. Method Schizophrenia case-only analysis of the Clinical Antipsychotics Trials of Intervention Effectiveness trial. Schizophrenia PRS was constructed using Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) leave-one out GWAS as discovery data set. For candidate regions, we selected 105 schizophrenia-associated autosomal loci and 11 schizophrenia-related oligodendrocyte genes. We used regressions to examine PRS associations and set-based testing for candidate analysis. Results We examined data from 730 subjects. Best-fit PRS at p-threshold of 1e − 07 was associated with total insight (R2 = 0.005, P = 0.05, empirical P = 0.054) and treatment insight (R2 = 0.005, P = 0.048, empirical P = 0.048). For models that controlled for neurocognition, PRS significantly predicted treatment insight but at higher p-thresholds (0.1 to 0.5) but did not survive correction. Patients with highest polygenic burden had 5.9 times increased risk for poor insight compared to patients with lowest burden. PRS explained 3.2% (P = 0.002, empirical P = 0.011) of variance in poor insight. Set-based analyses identified two variants associated with poor insight- rs320703, an intergenic variant (within-set P = 6e − 04, FDR P = 0.046) and rs1479165 in SOX2-OT (within-set P = 9e − 04, FDR P = 0.046). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining genetic basis of insight. We provide evidence for genetic contributions to impaired insight. Relevance of findings and necessity for replication are discussed.

Introduction Insight in schizophrenia is long known to have a complex relationship with psychopathology symptoms and cognition. However, very few studies have examined models that explain these interrelationships. Methods In a large sample derived from the NIMH Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial (N = 1391), we interrogated these interrelationships for potential causal pathways using structural equation modeling. Using the NIMH consensus model, latent variables were constructed for psychopathology symptom dimensions, including positive, negative, disorganized, excited and depressed from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) items. Neurocognitive variables were created from five predefined domains of working memory, verbal memory, reasoning, vigilance and processing speed. Illness insight and treatment insight were tested using latent variables constructed from the Illness and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (ITAQ). Results Disorganized symptoms had the strongest effect on insight. Illness insight mediated the relationship of positive, depressed, and disorganized symptoms with treatment insight. Neurocognition mediated the relationship between disorganized and treatment insight and depressed symptoms and treatment insight. There was no effect of negative symptoms on either illness insight or treatment insight. Taken together, our results indicate overlapping and unique relational paths for illness and treatment insight dimensions, which could suggest differences in causal mechanisms and potential interventions to improve insight.

“Together we can make the difference”. A quaternary TiO2/ZnO/RGO/Ag nanocomposite exhibits enhanced photoactivity compared to TiO2/ZnO/RGO and TiO2/ZnO for the degradation of rhodamine B under visible light. The quaternary composite was synthesized via facile microwave irradiation of dispersed TiO2/ZnO and RGO/Ag nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of TiO2, ZnO, RGO and Ag in the composite. Photoelectrochemical measurements and time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) analysis confirmed that the presence of RGO sheets and Ag enhanced the photocatalytic properties of the nanocomposite. The enhanced charge separation and the low recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers in the composite with the assistance of excellent co-catalysts, RGO and Ag, have also been investigated.

Developing new varieties of highly ionic conducting polymer organic–inorganic hybrid ion–gel composites is important for improving the efficiency of energy storage devices to satisfy the current growing need for energy requirements. The scope of iron oxide doped polymer ion–gels in this field has not been investigated much. Therefore, herein, we propose a facile low cost synthesis and material characterization of a new type of flexible, hydrophilic organic–inorganic hybrid ion–gel polymer from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (bpy[BF4]) ionic liquid (IL) and γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with improved specific capacitance and energy density. The formation of a bpy+˙ cation radical in the thermally stable 1 : 1 PVP–IL ion–gel matrix caused free radical induced thermal polymerisation of PVP chains at higher temperatures giving a flexible PVP–bpy[BF4] ion–gel thin film which was ESR active before and after cross-polymerization. Studies revealed a proton mediated electron migration occurring from PVP to bpy[BF4] causing a reduced rate of electron–hole recombination in the PVP–IL matrix. We have also theoretically probed the intermolecular interactions of PVP and IL by evaluating the PVP–IL binding energy, changes in enthalpy and entropy changes before and after binding, density of states (DOS) distribution and critical points (CP) analysis using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Doping a 1 : 6 wt% ratio of γ-Fe2O3 MNPs into the PVP–IL matrix increased the ionic conductivity of the thin films from 331.7 to 450.66 μS cm−1 and the specific capacitance values from 2.575 and 92.215 F g−1 respectively. The γ-Fe2O3 doped PVP–IL inorganic–organic hybrid thin film was found to be superior compared to the PVP–IL thin film. The high dielectric γ-Fe2O3 MNPs effectively reduced the band gap, electron–hole recombination rate, charge transfer resistance, solid state interface layer resistance and leakage current and also improved the charge–discharge profile and energy density of the newly synthesised PVP–IL ion–gel thin film.

Background The field of network psychometrics has developed into a promising alternative to the common cause theory and depicts mental health disorders as arising from the interactions between individual symptoms. Currently, major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder have been the two main disorders studied using network models. In this study, we aimed to examine the network structure of psychopathology symptoms in a community youth sample to detect the most influential symptoms. We also identify influential bridge symptoms which may lead to comorbidities. Methods The sample (n = 2875) was taken from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort and comprised of youth between the ages of 11–21. 112 variables corresponding to 17 psychopathology symptom groups were used to build the network model. We estimated the network structure using a mixed graphical model. Edges were estimated using a pairwise weighted adjacency matrix with EBIC regularization at a default gamma level of 0.25. The relative influence of each node was determined using predictability and centrality measurements including node strength, closeness, and betweenness. A network was similarly created to detect the most influential bridge symptoms using community clusters. Results The network generated from 17 psychopathology symptom domains (comprising ADD, agoraphobia, conduct disorder, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, mania, OCD, ODD, panic disorder, phobia, psychosis, PTSD, general probes, separation anxiety, psychosis prodromal symptoms, social anxiety and suicide) had several distinct cluster regions and two independent psychosis prodromal symptom nodes. No negative associations were observed in the network. The strongest edge regression coefficient (1.593) was detected between a general screening probe asking whether the subject had received previous treatment and a psychosis variable related to hallucination. An OCD item eliciting subject’s fear over accidentally doing something bad had the greatest average centrality measurement (2.317) followed closely by a conduct disorder item eliciting if the subject had ever threatened someone (2.254). Two depression items - irritability (2.228) and depressive mood (1.825) had the largest average bridge centrality values. History of inpatient treatment (0.997), fear of traveling in a car (0.989) and compulsive checking (0.989) had the largest predictability values, suggesting they could potentially be effective intervention targets. Discussion OCD and conduct disorder symptoms had the largest centrality values and are influential symptoms that could potentially be used to more effectively screen youth for mental health disorders. Depression symptoms had the largest bridge centrality values and should be targeted to prevent comorbidity of associated symptoms. Understanding psychopathology symptom networks could potentially lead to greater insights for prevention and individualizing treatments.

Background Insight in schizophrenia is defined as awareness into illness, symptoms, and need for treatment and has long been associated with cognition, other psychopathological symptoms, and several adverse clinical and functional outcomes. However, the biological basis of insight is not clearly understood. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to critically evaluate and summarize advances in the study of the biological basis of insight in schizophrenia and to identify gaps in this knowledge. Methods A literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases was conducted using search terms to identify articles relevant to the biology of insight in schizophrenia published in the last 6 years. Articles that focused on etiology of insight in schizophrenia and those that examined the neurobiology of insight in schizophrenia or psychoses were chosen for analysis. Articles on insight in conditions other than schizophrenia or psychoses and which did not investigate the neurobiological underpinnings of insight were excluded from the review. Results Twenty-six articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Of the 26 articles, 3 focused on cellular abnormalities and 23 were neuroimaging studies. Preliminary data identify the prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and regions of the temporal and parietal lobe (precuneus, inferior parietal lobule) and hippocampus as the neural correlates of insight. Discussion A growing body of literature attests to the neurobiological basis of insight in schizophrenia. Current evidence supports the neurobiological basis of insight in schizophrenia and identifies specific neural correlates for insight types and its dimensions. Further studies that examine the precise biological mechanisms of insight are needed to apply this knowledge to effective clinical intervention development.

Communication and Information technologies are transforming our lifestyles, social interactions, and workplaces. One of the promising applications of the information and communication technology is healthcare and wellness management. Advancement in electronic health care and mobile have made doctors and patients to involve the modern healthcare system by extending the capabilities of physiological monitoring devices. Various biomedical sensors are being used to measure the physiological parameters like pulse rate, blood glucose level, blood pressure etc., Among various bio-sensor, Researchers from different field of science are particularly and increasingly interested in Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. This chapter addresses the importance of bio sensors and its principle, significance of remote monitoring of PPG signal using Radio Frequency (RF) and design challenges in RF connectivity. Also this chapter presents a reliable low power wireless transmission mechanism of biomedical signals which works on narrow band RF frequencies.

Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder, the genetic etiology of which has been well established. Yet despite significant advances in genetics research, the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disorder largely remain unknown. This gap has been attributed to the complexity of the polygenic disorder, which has a heterogeneous clinical profile. Examining the genetic basis of schizophrenia subphenotypes, such as those based on particular symptoms, is thus a useful strategy for decoding the underlying mechanisms. This review of literature examines the recent advances (from 2011) in genetic exploration of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. We searched electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature using key words schizophrenia, symptoms, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, cognition, genetics, genes, genetic predisposition, and genotype in various combinations. We identified 115 articles, which are included in the review. Evidence from these studies, most of which are genetic association studies, identifies shared and unique gene associations for the symptom domains. Genes associated with neurotransmitter systems and neuronal development/maintenance primarily constitute the shared associations. Needed are studies that examine the genetic basis of specific symptoms within the broader domains in addition to functional mechanisms. Such investigations are critical to developing precision treatment and care for individuals afflicted with schizophrenia.

International audience; We study semigroups that behave nicely with respect to a distinguished subset of idempotents E, both in terms of the extended Green’s relations K_E and as unary semigroups. New structure theorems are given, notably in the case of central idempotents. Finally, the decomposition theorems are applied to the study of regular semigroups with particular generalized inverses.

Reduced graphene oxide supporting plasmonic photocatalyst (Ag) on ZnO has been synthesized via a facile two-step microwave synthesis using RGO/ZnO and AgNO3. First step involves fabrication of RGO/ZnO via microwave irradiation. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Ag/RGO/ZnO shows enhanced photoactivity under visible light for the degradation of Rhodamine B. Enhanced charge separation and migration have been assigned using UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectra, electrochemical impedance spectra, and TCSPC analysis. The improved photoactivity of Ag/RGO/ZnO can be ascribed to the prolonged lifetime of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and effective interfacial hybridization between RGO and Ag with ZnO nanoparticles. Ag nanoparticles can absorb visible light via surface plasmon resonance to enhance photocatalytic activity.

A biamperometric methodology is described for the determination of thorium by EDTA complexometric titration, based on the observed electrochemical behaviour of EDTA when the applied potential was ≥200 mV between the twin Pt electrodes. Studies carried out showed that a pH range of 2.4–2.7 was optimum for the determination. Accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated using different amounts of thorium ranging from 50 μg to 5 mg. Studies on the interference of uranium were carried out with different amounts of uranium ranging from 20 to 80% using the presently developed approach of biamperometry as well as the conventional indicator method. The method was employed for the determination of Th in (Th,U)O2 samples containing different amounts of Th and U.

This is the preprint of the article, before changes for publication.; THIS IS THE PREPRINT VERSION OF THE ARTICLE.Inverses semigroups and orthodox semigroups are either defined in terms of inverses, or in terms of the set of idempotents E(S). In this article, we study analogs of these semigroups defined in terms of inverses modulo Green's relation H, or in terms of the set of group invertible elements H(S), that allows a study of non-regular semigroups. We then study the interplays between these new classes of semigroups, as well as with known classes of semigroups (notably inverse, orthodox and cryptic semigroups)

Functions of two variables appearing in integral transforms (Bergman, Segal, Carleman), or more generally kernels in the senseof Laurent Schwartz - defined as weakly continuous linear mappings between the dual of a locally convex vector spaceand itself - have been investigated for half a century, particularly in the field of distributions, differential equations and in the probability field with the studyof Gaussian measures or Gaussian processes. The study of these objects may take various forms, but in case of positive kernels, the study of the properties of the image space initiated by Moore, Bergmanand Aronzjan leads to a crucial result:the range of the kernel can be endowed with a naturalscalar product that makes it a prehilbertian space and its completion belongs ( under some weak additional topological conditions on the locally convex space)to the locally convex space. Moreover, this injection is continuous. Positive kernels then seem to be deeply related to some particular Hilbert spaces andour will in this thesis is to study the other kernels. What can we say if the kernel is neither positive, nor Hermitian ?To do this we actually follow a second path and study directly spaces rather than kernels. Considering Hilbert spaces, some mathematicians have been interestedin a particular subset of the set of Hilbert spaces, those Hilbert spaces that are continuously included in a commonlocally convex vector space. The relative theory is known as the theory of Hilbertian subspaces and is closelyinvestigated in the first chapter. Its main result is that surprisingly the notions of Hilbertian subspaces and positive kernels are equivalent, which is generally summarized as follows:``there exists a bijective correspondence between positive kernels and Hilbertian subspaces''.The main difference with the existing theory in the first chapter is the use of dual systems and bilinear forms and one of its consequence is the emergence of some loss of symmetry that will lead to our general theory of subdualities. In the second chapter we study the existing theory of Hermitian (or Krein) subspaces which are indefinite inner product spaces.These spaces actually generalize the previous notion of Hilbertian subspaces and their study is a first step to the greater generalization of chapter three.These spaces are deeply connected to Hermitian kernels but interestingly enough the previous fundamental equivalence is lost. Then we focus on the differences between this theory and the Hilbertian one for these differences will of course remain when dealing with subdualities. In the third chapter we present a new theory of a dual system of vector spaces called subdualities which treat the previous chapters as particular cases.A topological definition of subdualities is as follows:a duality $(E,F)$ is a subduality of the dual system $(\cE,\cF)$ if and only if both $E$ and $F$ are weakly continuously embedded in $\cE$.It appears that we can associate a unique kernel (in the sense of L. Schwarz) with any subduality,whose image is dense in the subduality.The study of the image of a subduality by a weakly continuous linear operator, makes it possible to define a vector space structure upon the set of subdualities, but given a certain equivalence relation.A canonical representative entirely defined by the kernel is then given, which enables us to state a bijection theorem between canonical subdualities and kernels.Finally a fourth chapter is dedicated to applications. We first study the link between Hilbertian subspaces and Gaussian measures and try to extend the theory to Krein subspaces and subdualities. Then we study some particular operators: operators in evaluation subdualities (subdualities of $\KK^(\Omega)$)and differential operators., L'étude des fonctions de deux variables et des opérateurs intégraux associés, ou l'étude directe des noyaux au sens de L. Schwartz (définis comme opérateurs faiblement continus du dual topologique d'un espace vectoriel localement convexe dans lui même), est depuis plus d'un demi-siècle une branche des mathématiques en pleine expansion notamment dans le domaine des distributions, des équations différentielles ou dans le domaine des probabilités avec l'étude des mesures gaussiennes etdes processus gaussiens.Les travaux de Moore, Bergman et Aronszajn ont notamment abouti au résultat fondamental suivant qui concerne les noyaux positifs : il est toujours possible de construire un sous-espace préhilbertien à partir d'un noyau positif et, moyennant quelques hypothèses (faibles) supplémentaires, de compléter fonctionnellement cet espace afin d'obtenir alors un espace de Hilbert. Cet espace possède alors la propriété d'être continûment inclus dans l'espace vectoriel localement convexe de départ.Il existe donc une relation forte entre noyaux positifs et espaces hilbertiens. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes posés le problème suivant : que se passe t'il si l'on lève l'hypothèsede positivité ? D'hermicité ?Dans cette perspective nous considérons une seconde approche qui consiste à travailler directement sur des espaces vectoriels plutôt que sur les noyaux.Précisément, adoptant une démarche classique en mathématiques, nous étudions les propriétés d'une classe d'espaces vérifiant des hypothèses additionnelles. Partant des espaces de Hilbert continûment inclus dans un espace localement convexe donné, cette approche a conduit aux espaces de Hilbert à noyau reproduisant de N. Aronszajn puis aux sous-espaces hilbertiens de L. Schwartz. Cette théorie est présentée dans la première partie de la thèse, le résultat majeur de cette théorie étant sans doute l'équivalence entre sous-espaces hilbertienset noyaux positifs, résumé par la phrase suivante :``Il existe une bijection entre sous-espaces hibertiens et noyaux positifs.''Le principal apport à la théorie existante est l'utilisation intensive de systèmes en dualité et de formes bilinéaires (et pas uniquement sesquilinéaires). De manière surprenante,cela conduit à une certaine perte de symétrie qui porte les germes de la théorie des sous-dualités.Dans une seconde partie nous suivons encore les travaux de L. Schwartz et étudions la théorie moins connue des sous-espaces de Krein (ou sous-espaces hermitiens).Les espaces de Krein ressemblent aux espaces de Hilbert mais sont munis d'un produit scalaire qui n'est plus nécessairement positif. Les sous-espaces de Krein constituent donc une première généralisation des sous-espaces hilbertiens. Un des principaux intérêt de l'étude de tels espaces réside en la disparition de l'équivalence fondamentale entre les notions de sous-espaces et de noyaux, même si une relation étroite subsiste. Nous étudions plus particulièrement les similitudes et les différences entre ces deux différentes théories, que nous retrouverons dans la théorie des sous-dualités.La troisième partie généralise la perte de symétrie évoquée dans le chapitre 1. Nous développons les bases d'une théorie non plus basée sur une structure hilbertienne, mais sur une certaine dualité.Nous développons ainsi le concept de sous-dualité d'un espace vectoriel localement convexe (ou d'un système dual) et de son noyau associé.Une sous-dualité est définie par un système de deux espaces en dualité vérifiant des conditions d'inclusion algébrique outopologique. Plus précisément :un système dual $(E,F)$ est une sous-dualité d'un espace localement convexe $\cE$ (ou plus généralement d'un système dual $(\cE,\cF)$) si $E$ et $F$ sont faiblement continûment inclus dans $\cE$.Dans ce cas, il est possible d'associer à cette sous-dualité un unique noyau d'image dense dans la sous-dualité. Nous étudions également l'effet d'une application linéaire faiblement continue. Il devient alors possible (moyennant une relation d'équivalence) de munir l'ensemble des sous-dualités d'une structure d'espace vectoriel qui le rend isomorphe algébriquement à l'espace vectoriels des noyaux. Nous exhibons ensuite un représentant canonique de ces classes d'équivalences, ce qui permet d'établir une bijection entre sous-dualités canoniques et noyaux.Une quatrième et dernière partie propose quelques applications. Le premier champ d'application possible est une généralisation du lien entre sous-espaces hilbertiens et mesures gaussiennes. Le second est l'étude d'opérateurs particuliers, les opérateurs dans les sous-dualités d'évaluation (sous-dualités de $\KK^(\Omega)$) et les opérateurs différentiels.

This is the preprint version of the article, before changes for publication.; THIS IS THE PREPRINT VERSION OF THE ARTICLE.Using the recent notion of inverse along an element in a semigroup, and the natural partial order on idempotents, we study bicommuting generalized inverses and define a new inverse called natural inverse, that generalizes the Drazin inverse in a semigroup, but also the Koliha-Drazin inverse in a ring. In this setting we get a core decomposition similar to the nilpotent, Kato or Mbekhta decompositions. In Banach and Operator algebras, we show that the study of the spectrum is not sufficient, and use ideas from local spectral theory to study this new inverse.

This paper reviews the functional aspects of statistical learning theory. The main point under consideration is the nature of the hypothesis set when no prior information is available but data. Within this framework we first discuss about the hypothesis set: it is a vectorial space, it is a set of pointwise defined functions, and the evaluation functional on this set is a continuous mapping. Based on these principles an original theory is developed generalizing the notion of reproduction kernel Hilbert space to non hilbertian sets. Then it is shown that the hypothesis set of any learning machine has to be a generalized reproducing set. Therefore, thanks to a general "representer theorem", the solution of the learning problem is still a linear combination of a kernel. Furthermore, a way to design these kernels is given. To illustrate this framework some examples of such reproducing sets and kernels are given.

A biamperometric method is described for the determination of uranium in plutonium bearing nuclear fuel materials. Ti(III) is used for reducing U(VI) to U(IV) in 6 to 9 M H 2 SO 4 medium, followed by destruction of the excess reductant by HNO 3 . Plutonium is also reduced to Pu(III), but is selectively oxidized to Pu(IV) by the HNO 2 produced in situ during the destruction of the excess Ti(III) by HNO 3 . The U(IV) is determined by titration with standard K 2 Cr 2 O 7 . Accuracy and precision of the method have been evaluated using different amounts of uranium ranging from 5 microgram to 20 milligram. The method has been applied to U determination in uranium oxides, uranium carbides, (U, Pu)O 2 , (U, Th)O 2 , (U, Pu)C and U-Al alloy. The method has also been employed for the determination of U present at very low levels (< 0.2%) in PuO 2 .

A biamperometric method for the determination of sulfate has been developed. Its application to the determination of sulfate content in rubidium uranium trisulfate is discussed. Sulfate is determined by titration with lead nitrate in aqueous ethanolic medium using ferrocyanide-ferricyanide redox system as biamperometric indicator. Initially, the method has been tested for standard. K2SO4 solutions. In case of Rb2 U(SO4)3, since uranium interferes, it is precipitated as ammonium diuranate and excess ammonia is removed prior to the titration. Precision of better than 0.3% was achieved with no significant bias.

A method is described for the determination of uranium in the presence of iron and plutonium. Ti(III) is used as the reductant in a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3. Fe(II) and Pu(III) are selectively oxidized by the nitrous acid generated in the reaction between Ti(III) and HNO3. The U(IV) is determined by titration with K2Cr2O7 using biamperometry to detect the end point. The method is applicable to a variety of nuclear materials encountered at different stages of the nuclear fuel cycle and has no bias. The precision of the method is evaluated at different levels from 100 microgram to 100 milligram. The method is simple, rapid and convenient.