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Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2020; Aachen 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 208 Seiten) : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2020). = Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2020, Strategic interactions – the overarching theme of this dissertation – are an integral part of human life. They consist of decision-makers who can affect their own outcome(s) and/or the outcome(s) of one or more interaction partners. Examples include deciding whether to engage in war, deciding whether to lend money to a friend in need, determining how much effort to assert in a team project, and deciding whether to donate to charity. In their most extreme form, they can inspire the most extraordinary acts of self-sacrifice (e.g., a soldier who sacrifices his life to save a comrade) and precipitate the most appalling acts of greed and cruelty (e.g., the ferocity displayed towards enemies during war). In doing so, strategic interactions cover a broad spectrum of human life and deserve our utmost attention. This dissertation contains three essays, all dealing with societal-relevant strategic interactions (i.e., cooperating to reduce environmental pollution, refugee helping, and intergroup conflict). In these essays, methodological advances are made by modifying economic games to model these strategic interactions better. By using these games in behavioral experiments, cause-and-effect relationships are tested for a broad range of realistic elements that are present in real life but whose influence is not yet fully understood. These include the influence of refugees’ integration efforts on citizens’ willingness to help, the influence of negative outcomes on cooperation, and the influence of intergroup conflict on intragroup cooperation., Published by Aachen

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa relativa ao livro Marília de Dirceu, de Tomás Antônio Gonzaga. Nesse trabalho, analisaram-se as imagens do amor na primeira e na segunda partes dessa obra. Foi uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, em que a partir de revisão de bibliografia publicada sobre o livro e dos conceitos de amor presentes em O Banquete, de Platão, verificou-se como o amor está representado nas liras dedicadas a Marília. Para isso, partiu-se do pressuposto de que o amor que é representado nas liras pode ser relacionado aos discursos a respeito do amor presentes em O Banquete. Após a análise, constatou-se que o amor nas duas primeiras partes de Marília de Dirceu é o amor platônico, sintetizado no discurso de Sócrates.

Background. Despite being one of the most studied families within the Carnivora, the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the bear family (Ursidae) have long remained unclear. Widely divergent topologies have been suggested based on various data sets and methods. Results. We present a fully resolved phylogeny for ursids based on ten complete mitochondrial genome sequences from all eight living and two recently extinct bear species, the European cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) and the American giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus). The mitogenomic data yield a well-resolved topology for ursids, with the sloth bear at the basal position within the genus Ursus. The sun bear is the sister taxon to both the American and Asian black bears, and this clade is the sister clade of cave bear, brown bear and polar bear confirming a recent study on bear mitochondrial genomes. Conclusion. Sequences from extinct bears represent the third and fourth Pleistocene species for which complete mitochondrial genomes have been sequenced. Moreover, the cave bear specimen demonstrates that mitogenomic studies can be applied to Pleistocene fossils that have not been preserved in permafrost, and therefore have a broad application within ancient DNA research. Molecular dating of the mtDNA divergence times suggests a rapid radiation of bears in both the Old and New Worlds around 5 million years ago, at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. This coincides with major global changes, such as the Messinian crisis and the first opening of the Bering Strait, and suggests a global influence of such events on species radiations., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo