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4. Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer: prelaunch

Author

Martin C. Weisskopf, Paolo Soffitta, Luca Baldini, Brian D. Ramsey, Stephen L. O’Dell, Roger W. Romani, Giorgio Matt, William D. Deininger, Wayne H. Baumgartner, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Enrico Costa, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Luca Latronico, Herman L. Marshall, Fabio Muleri, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Allyn Tennant, Niccolo Bucciantini, Michal Dovciak, Frederic Marin, Alan Marscher, Juri Poutanen, Pat Slane, Roberto Turolla, William Kalinowski, Alessandro Di Marco, Sergio Fabiani, Massimo Minuti, Fabio La Monaca, Michele Pinchera, John Rankin, Carmelo Sgro’, Alessio Trois, Fei Xie, Cheryl Alexander, D. Zachery Allen, Fabrizio Amici, Jason Andersen, Angelo Antonelli, Spencer Antoniak, Primo Attinà, Mattia Barbanera, Matteo Bachetti, Randy M. Baggett, Jeff Bladt, Alessandro Brez, Raffaella Bonino, Christopher Boree, Fabio Borotto, Shawn Breeding, Daniele Brienza, H. Kyle Bygott, Ciro Caporale, Claudia Cardelli, Rita Carpentiero, Simone Castellano, Marco Castronuovo, Luca Cavalli, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Marco Ceccanti, Mauro Centrone, Saverio Citraro, Fabio D’Amico, Elisa D’Alba, Laura Di Gesu, Ettore Del Monte, Kurtis L. Dietz, Niccolo’ Di Lalla, Giuseppe Di Persio, David Dolan, Immacolata Donnarumma, Yuri Evangelista, Kevin Ferrant, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, MacKenzie Ferrie, Joseph Footdale, Brent Forsyth, Michelle Foster, Benjamin Garelick, Shuichi Gunji, Eli Gurnee, Michael Head, Grant Hibbard, Samantha Johnson, Erik Kelly, Kiranmayee Kilaru, Carlo Lefevre, Shelley Le Roy, Pasqualino Loffredo, Paolo Lorenzi, Leonardo Lucchesi, Tyler Maddox, Guido Magazzu, Simone Maldera, Alberto Manfreda, Elio Mangraviti, Marco Marengo, Alessandra Marrocchesi, Francesco Massaro, David Mauger, Jeffrey McCracken, Michael McEachen, Rondal Mize, Paolo Mereu, Scott Mitchell, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Alfredo Morbidini, Federico Mosti, Hikmat Nasimi, Barbara Negri, Michela Negro, Toan Nguyen, Isaac Nitschke, Alessio Nuti, Mitch Onizuka, Chiara Oppedisano, Leonardo Orsini, Darren Osborne, Richard Pacheco, Alessandro Paggi, Will Painter, Steven D. Pavelitz, Christina Pentz, Raffaele Piazzolla, Matteo Perri, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Colin Peterson, Maura Pilia, Alessandro Profeti, Simonetta Puccetti, Jaganathan Ranganathan, Ajay Ratheesh, Lee Reedy, Noah Root, Alda Rubini, Stephanie Ruswick, Javier Sanchez, Paolo Sarra, Francesco Santoli, Emanuele Scalise, Andrea Sciortino, Christopher Schroeder, Tim Seek, Kalie Sosdian, Gloria Spandre, Chet O. Speegle, Toru Tamagawa, Marcello Tardiola, Antonino Tobia, Nicholas E. Thomas, Robert Valerie, Marco Vimercati, Amy L. Walden, Bruce Weddendorf, Jeffrey Wedmore, David Welch, Davide Zanetti, Francesco Zanetti, Weisskopf, M. C., Soffitta, P., Baldini, L., Ramsey, B. D., O'Dell, S. L., Romani, R. W., Matt, G., Deininger, W. D., Baumgartner, W. H., Bellazzini, R., Costa, E., Kolodziejczak, J. J., Latronico, L., Marshall, H. L., Muleri, F., Bongiorno, S. D., Tennant, A., Bucciantini, N., Dovciak, M., Marin, F., Marscher, A., Poutanen, J., Slane, P., Turolla, R., Kalinowski, W., Di Marco, A., Fabiani, S., Minuti, M., La Monaca, F., Pinchera, M., Rankin, J., Sgro', C., Trois, A., Xie, F., Alexander, C., Allen, D. Z., Amici, F., Andersen, J., Antonelli, A., Antoniak, S., Attina, P., Barbanera, M., Bachetti, M., Baggett, R. M., Bladt, J., Brez, A., Bonino, R., Boree, C., Borotto, F., Breeding, S., Brienza, D., Bygott, H. K., Caporale, C., Cardelli, C., Carpentiero, R., Castellano, S., Castronuovo, M., Cavalli, L., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Centrone, M., Citraro, S., D'Amico, F., D'Alba, E., Di Gesu, L., Del Monte, E., Dietz, K. L., Di Lalla, N., Persio, G. D., Dolan, D., Donnarumma, I., Evangelista, Y., Ferrant, K., Ferrazzoli, R., Ferrie, M., Footdale, J., Forsyth, B., Foster, M., Garelick, B., Gunji, S., Gurnee, E., Head, M., Hibbard, G., Johnson, S., Kelly, E., Kilaru, K., Lefevre, C., Roy, S. L., Loffredo, P., Lorenzi, P., Lucchesi, L., Maddox, T., Magazzu, G., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mangraviti, E., Marengo, M., Marrocchesi, A., Massaro, F., Mauger, D., Mccracken, J., Mceachen, M., Mize, R., Mereu, P., Mitchell, S., Mitsuishi, I., Morbidini, A., Mosti, F., Nasimi, H., Negri, B., Negro, M., Nguyen, T., Nitschke, I., Nuti, A., Onizuka, M., Oppedisano, C., Orsini, L., Osborne, D., Pacheco, R., Paggi, A., Painter, W., Pavelitz, S. D., Pentz, C., Piazzolla, R., Perri, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Peterson, C., Pilia, M., Profeti, A., Puccetti, S., Ranganathan, J., Ratheesh, A., Reedy, L., Root, N., Rubini, A., Ruswick, S., Sanchez, J., Sarra, P., Santoli, F., Scalise, E., Sciortino, A., Schroeder, C., Seek, T., Sosdian, K., Spandre, G., Speegle, C. O., Tamagawa, T., Tardiola, M., Tobia, A., Thomas, N. E., Valerie, R., Vimercati, M., Walden, A. L., Weddendorf, B., Wedmore, J., Welch, D., Zanetti, D., and Zanetti, F.

Subjects
grazing-incidence optic, Space and Planetary Science, Control and Systems Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, gas pixel detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, x-ray polarimetry, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

Launched on 2021 December 9, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a NASA Small Explorer Mission in collaboration with the Italian Space Agency (ASI). The mission will open a new window of investigation—imaging x-ray polarimetry. The observatory features three identical telescopes, each consisting of a mirror module assembly with a polarization-sensitive imaging x-ray detector at the focus. A coilable boom, deployed on orbit, provides the necessary 4-m focal length. The observatory utilizes a three-axis-stabilized spacecraft, which provides services such as power, attitude determination and control, commanding, and telemetry to the ground. During its 2-year baseline mission, IXPE will conduct precise polarimetry for samples of multiple categories of x-ray sources, with follow-on observations of selected targets.

Published
2022

5. Development of a clinical prediction model for the onset of functional decline in people aged 65-75 years: Pooled analysis of four European cohort studies

Author

Jochen Klenk, Vieri Del Panta, Trynke Hoekstra, Natasja M. van Schoor, Andrea B. Maier, Kilian Rapp, Mirjam Pijnappels, Luca Cattelani, Dominique Mauger, Michael Denkinger, Stefania Bandinelli, Chris Todd, Marco Colpo, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Martijn W. Heymans, Jorunn L. Helbostad, Nini H. Jonkman, Beatrix Vereijken, Jonkman N.H., Colpo M., Klenk J., Todd C., Hoekstra T., Del Panta V., Rapp K., Van Schoor N.M., Bandinelli S., Heymans M.W., Mauger D., Cattelani L., Denkinger M.D., Rothenbacher D., Helbostad J.L., Vereijken B., Maier A.B., Pijnappels M., Neuromechanics, Methodology and Applied Biostatistics, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Methodology, AMS - Ageing and Morbidity, Epidemiology and Data Science, APH - Personalized Medicine, Internal medicine, and APH - Aging & Later Life

Subjects
Male, Activities of daily living, Predictive Value of Test, lcsh:Geriatrics, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Disease, Germany, Activities of Daily Living, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Functional ability, Middle aged, Netherlands, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Hand Strength, Depression, Personalised care, Justice and Strong Institutions, 3. Good health, Italy, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cohort, Female, Independent Living, Cohort study, Research Article, Human, SDG 16 - Peace, Population, Follow-Up Studie, External validity, 03 medical and health sciences, Netherland, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Predictive Value of Tests, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Functioning, education, Aged, Preventive medicine, business.industry, Risk Factor, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, United Kingdom, Walking Speed, lcsh:RC952-954.6, Active aging, Chronic Disease, Individual patient data, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Cohort Studie, business, Body mass index, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background Identifying those people at increased risk of early functional decline in activities of daily living (ADL) is essential for initiating preventive interventions. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a clinical prediction model for onset of functional decline in ADL in three years of follow-up in older people of 65–75 years old. Methods Four population-based cohort studies were pooled for the analysis: ActiFE-ULM (Germany), ELSA (United Kingdom), InCHIANTI (Italy), LASA (Netherlands). Included participants were 65–75 years old at baseline and reported no limitations in functional ability in ADL at baseline. Functional decline was assessed with two items on basic ADL and three items on instrumental ADL. Participants who reported at least some limitations at three-year follow-up on any of the five items were classified as experiencing functional decline. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to develop a prediction model, with subsequent bootstrapping for optimism-correction. We applied internal-external cross-validation by alternating the data from the four cohort studies to assess the discrimination and calibration across the cohorts. Results Two thousand five hundred sixty community-dwelling people were included in the analyses (mean age 69.7 ± 3.0 years old, 47.4% female) of whom 572 (22.3%) reported functional decline at three-year follow-up. The final prediction model included 10 out of 22 predictors: age, handgrip strength, gait speed, five-repeated chair stands time (non-linear association), body mass index, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, and depressive symptoms. The optimism-corrected model showed good discrimination with a C statistic of 0.72. The calibration intercept was 0.06 and the calibration slope was 1.05. Internal-external cross-validation showed consistent performance of the model across the four cohorts. Conclusions Based on pooled cohort data analyses we were able to show that the onset of functional decline in ADL in three years in older people aged 65–75 years can be predicted by specific physical performance measures, age, body mass index, presence of depressive symptoms, and chronic conditions. The prediction model showed good discrimination and calibration, which remained stable across the four cohorts, supporting external validity of our findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-019-1192-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2019

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