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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children typically results in similar symptoms with other viral respiratory agents including human adenoviruses (HAdVs). Mixed HAdV and SARS-CoV-2 infection (co-infection) in children might result in enhanced or reduced disease severity compared with single infections. The present study aims to investigate the rate of SARS-CoV2 and HAdV infection and also their coinfection and compare the two infections regarding their laboratory and clinical characteristics at hospital admission. A total of 360 combined oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swab samples from hospitalized children were examined by real-time PCR for the existence of the SARS-CoV-2 and HAdVs. The symptoms, the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were retrieved and compared in SARS-CoV-2 and HAdVs positive cases. Of the total 360 suspected COVID-19 hospitalized children, 45 (12.5%) and 19 (5.3%) specimens were PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2 and HAdV respectively. SARS-CoV-2 and HAdV co-infection was detected in 4 cases (1.1%). Regarding symptoms at hospital admission, fever in SARS-CoV-2 positive group was significantly higher than that in HAdV positive group [34 (85%) vs. 7 (46.7%), p = 0.012]. However, percentages of cases with sore throat, headache, fatigue, lymphadenopathy and conjunctivitis in HAdV positive group were significantly higher than those in SARS-CoV-2 positive group. SARS-CoV-2 and HAdV co-infected children showed mild respiratory symptoms. The present study revealed that SARS-CoV-2 positive children often appear to have a milder clinical course than children with respiratory HAdV infection and children co-infected with SARSCoV-2 and HAdV had less-severe disease on presentation.

Background: The New coronavirus (SARS COV-2) can cause acute respiratory disease and also multiorgan dysfunction. There is insufficient data about kidney involvement in children. So, this study was done on children with COVID-19 to evaluate nephrological involvement. Methods: All children with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 who were admitted in Children Hospital .were enrolled. They were admitted in hospital from March 2020 to July 2020. Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium and urinalysis were evaluated. Also, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated by Schertz's formula. All patients were evaluated by chest x-ray and/or computerized tomography scanning (CTS). The data were analyzed by SPSS software and P value less than 0.05 was determined as significant. Results: Forty-seven children with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 were enrolled to this study. At admission, 23.4 and 27.7 of children with COVID-19 had abnormal increase in serum BUN and creatinine, respectively. Also 78.8 and 25.5 of children had GFR less than 90 and 60 ml/min /1.732, respectively. Additionally, 13/47 (27.7) of children had abnormal urine analysis (microscopic hematuria and/or proteinuria). There wasn’t a significant relationship between pulmonary lesions and abnormal reduction of GFR (P

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the one-year prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, common comorbidities and demographic information among negative- and positive rRT-PCR in health care workers (HCW), hospitalized and outpatients. Also, the association between SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold (Ct) and the outcomes of patients were analyzed in Babol, northern Iran. Methods: This large retrospective cross-sectional study was performed between March 2020 and March 2021. The records of 19232 hospitalized, outpatients and HCW suspected to COVID-19 were collected from teaching hospitals in the North of Iran. Results: Out of the 19232 suspected to COVID-19 patients, 7251 (37.7) had a positive rRT-PCR result; 652 (9), 4599 (63.4) and 2000 (27.6) of those were categorized as HCW, hospitalized and outpatients, respectively. Moreover, between the hospitalized and the outpatient group, 10.2 and 0.8 cases died, whereas no death cases were reported in the HCW. Furthermore, it seems that death rate was significantly different between the three groups of Ct value, the highest mortality in those with Ct between 21 and 30 (group B=7.6) and the lowest in the group with the highest Ct (between 31 and 40 = 5.5) (p

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID -19 infection a global pandemic. Children have milder disease than adults but different aspects of disease in children are not fully understood. Case presentation: We describe 5 pediatric patients with COVID-19 that referred to Amirkola Children’s Hospital, Babol, Iran. The youngest patient was 4 years old and the oldest was 12 years old. Three patients were males. None of the patients had a history of contacts with symptomatic patients with COVID -19. The most common symptoms included fever, cough, anorexia, weakness and diarrhea. One patient had gastrointestinal symptoms without respiratory symptoms. All patients had elevated ESR and CRP. Three of them had lymphopenia. RT-PCR was positive in all patients. Management included supportive care, antibiotics, antiviral treatment and hydroxychloroquine. All patients were discharged with good condition. Conclusion: Children may have a variety of symptoms including respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Mortality is rare in children and prognosis is better than the adults.

There is a compelling reason to design cost-effective sensors to detect and measure harmful molecules such as dichlorosilane (H2SiCl2) in the air. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) has been used to study the nature of the intermolecular interactions between the H2SiCl2 gas molecule with a single-walled pristine, Al-doped, and Ga-doped boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT, BNAlNT, and BNGaNT, respectively) to investigate their potential in gas-sensing applications. Full-dimensional geometry optimization and adsorption energies were calculated with four functionals: PBE0, M06-2X, ωB97XD, and B3LYP-D3 with a 6-311G(d) basis set. We find that the B, Al, or Ga atoms provide the most favorable sites for adsorption of the H2SiCl2 molecule. The adsorbate is more tightly bound to the surface of the doped rather than of the pristine BNNT nanotubes, demonstrating a larger energy gain due to adsorption. This is due to the fact that H2SiCl2 interacts with pristine BNNT through weak Van der Waals forces but seemingly has stronger ionic interactions with the doped variants. In general, introducing impurities can improve the selectivity and reactivity of the BNNT toward H2SiCl2. Among all of the absorbents, we find that BNGaNT exhibits the highest affinity toward H2SiCl2, and therefore holds a higher potential compared to the rest of the nanotubes investigated here for designing materials for dichlorosilane sensors.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children and has many complications, but simultaneous occurrence of renal abscess and splenic abscess is rare. Case report: In this case report, a 10-year-old boy with right flank, abdominal pain and high-grade fever was referred to Pediatric Nephrology Ward at Amirkola Childrenchr('39')s Hospital, northern Iran. In this patient abdominal ultrasonography revealed renal and splenic abscesses simultaneously. The patient was treated with kidney abscess drainage with the insertion of double-J (DJ) stent plus antibiotic therapy for about 4 weeks. An abdominal CT scan revealed complete cure and he was discharged with good condition. Conclusions: Simultaneous occurrence of renal and splenic abscess should be considered in any patient accompanied with underline urinary tract obstruction.

Phalaenopsis is one of the most popular orchids in the world, through the development of many artificial hybrids. In this research, a reliable and efficient protocol is presented for in vitro proliferation of Phalaenopsis amabilis Blume cv. Grandiflora. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of kinetin (Kn; 0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 and 3.00 mg l-1) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; 0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50 and 1.00 mg l-1), either individually or in combination and activated charcoal (AC; 0.00, 0.50 and 1.00 g l-1). A combination of 0.20 mg l-1 IBA and 2.00 mg l-1 Kn on medium containing 1.00 g l-1 AC was found to be suitable for maximum leaf number (6.16±0.503 per explant). The highest rooting frequency with 7.13±0.153 roots per explant was achieved on medium enriched with 0.50 mg l-1 IBA and 0.50 mg l-1 Kn on medium containing 1.00 g l-1 AC. The largest number of callus (9.10±0.611) was induced on explants cultured in medium containing 0.20 mg l-1 IBA and 0.50 mg l-1 Kn on medium without AC. The plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse with a survival rate of 95% exhibiting normal developmental patterns., Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol. 33 No. 4 (2019)

The GPS is vulnerable to GPS spoofing attack (GSA), which leads to disorder in time and position results of the GPS receiver. In power grids, phasor measurement units (PMUs) use GPS to build time-tagged measurements, so they are susceptible to this attack. As a result of this attack, sampling time and phase angle of the PMU measurements change. In this paper, a neural network GPS spoofing detection (NNGSD) with employing PMU data from the dynamic power system is presented to detect GSAs. Numerical results in different conditions show the real-time performance of the proposed detection method.

In this work, the effect of building direction on the microstructure evolution of laser-powder bed fusion (LPBF) processed AlSi10Mg alloy was investigated. The building direction, as shown in experimentally fabricated parts, can influence the solidification behavior and promote morphological transitions in cellular dendritic microstructures. We develop a thermal model to systemically address the impact of laser processing conditions, and building direction on the thermal characteristics of the molten pool during laser processing of AlSi10Mg alloy. We then employ a multi-order parameter phase field model to study the microstructure evolution of LPBF-AlSi10Mg in the dilute limit, using the underlying thermal conditions for horizontal and vertical building directions as input. The phase field model employed here is designed to simulate solidification using heterogeneous nucleation from inoculant particles allowing to take into account morphological phenomena including the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET). The phase field model is first validated against the predictions of the previously developed steady-state CET theory of Hunt \cite{hunt1984steady}. It is then used under transient conditions to study microstructure evolution, revealing that the nucleation rate is noticeably higher in the horizontally built samples due to larger constitutional undercooling, which is consistent with experimental observations. We further quantify the effect of building direction on the local cooling conditions, and consequently on the grain morphology., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, two tables

Background: Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with growing frequency which is considered as a world health threatening problem is an autoimmune disease with insulinupenia. Considering the relationship between the incidence of T1DM and environmental factors, the aim of this study was to assess seasonal incidence of T1DM and its association with birth season. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 diabetic patients (66 males, 46 females) less than 18 years, referred to Pediatric Endocrine Clinic (Amirkola Children's Hospital) during 2011-2017. All the needed information was extracted from the patient's files and asking questions of their parents. Data were collected in a checklist. Comparison between different seasons and age groups was done by Pearson's chi-square test. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 and p£0.05 was considered significant level. Results: The mean age of the patients during diagnosis of T1DM was 7.34±3.70 years. The incidence of T1DM was significantly increased in the cold seasons (especially winter) (P

Although grain yield is the most important trait for growers, milling and baking industries demand high-quality and scab-free grains for various end products. To accelerate breeding of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with high grain quality, genetic dissection of quality traits is necessary. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted to identify genomic regions responsible for milling and baking quality traits in soft red winter wheat (SRWW). Seven quality traits were evaluated in two locations and 2 yr for 270 elite SRWW lines. These traits include flour yield, softness equivalent, flour protein, and four solvent (lactose, sodium carbonate, sucrose, and water) retention capacity measurements. In this study, 27,449 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed by using both genotyping-by-sequencing and 90K SNP array technologies. A linear mixed model in GWAS, accounting for population structure and kinship, was fitted to identify 18 [-log(P) >= 4.0] genomic regions on 12 different chromosomes associated with the quality traits. Only one of these associations seems to be a previously identified quantitative trait locus, whereas others are novel associations. The most significant associations for quality traits were identified on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 4B, 5A, 7A, and 7D. Candidate gene searches, facilitated by the wheat genome assembly, led us to the identification of putative genes related to SRWW quality traits including fasciclin-like arabinogalactan. The results of this study can be used in developing high-quality SRWW varieties for the eastern region of the United States. USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants [2011-68002-30029, 2017-67007-25939]; Virginia Tech; The Ohio State UniversityOhio State University; USDAARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory; Hatch Grant [IND010810] This project was supported by the USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants 2011-68002-30029 (Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project [TCAP]) and 2017-67007-25939 (Wheat Coordinated Agricultural Project [WheatCAP]). We are grateful for financial support provided by Virginia Tech, The Ohio State University, and the USDAARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory. The authors would like to thank the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC, www.wheatgenome.org) for prepublication access to IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 and annotation v1.0. The corresponding author is also thankful for the financial support from Hatch Grant no. IND010810. Public domain – authored by a U.S. government employee

Background: Burns remained a major health problem in most developing countries which have increased the mortality and morbidity among the people. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of burn among females at reproductive age and investigate the factors that associated with mortality during the study period in in Baghdad/Iraq. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken at Al-Karama academic Hospital in Baghdad. Four hundred and thirty-seven females were admitted to this center from 1st of January 2017 to the end of October 2018. Data were collected from the records and patient file at the department of statistics. The information was including the age, education, marital status, occupation, TBSA, degree of burn, length of stay in hospital, causes, and patient condition. Software of STATA version 13 was used to analysis this data. Results: The mean age was 27.1 and SD 0.34 with 95% CI (26.4358 to 27.8067). the fire 64.8% (283/437) were the most cause of burn among females. Housewives 65% (284/437) were more probably exposed to burn than others with the mechanism of burning and females with primary education 42.8% (187/437) were more probability of burn than others group. Regard to length of stay, the mean was 7 days and the 95% CI [6.489-7.629]. Thus, 79.2% (346/437) of females that stayed in the hospital for less than 10 days had higher percentage of burn comparing with another period. Mean and SE of TBSA was 57.8 and 1.2 with the 95% CI [55.4051-60.2516]. A significant relationship was found between occupation, education status, TBSA, length of stay, causes of burn and outcomes at the p. value

Background: “Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections”, or PANDAS, is a syndrome characterized by acute-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or tics accompanied by the neuropsychiatric symptoms. This case is reported because of its rarity. Case report: A 6.5-year-old boy with swollen tonsils, high-grade fever and rash was admitted to Amirkola Children’s Hospital, Northern Iran. Thereafter he got involved with tachycardia, hypotension, suppurative conjunctivitis and swelling of extensor surfaces of extremities. In addition, after the onset of fever, he had some neuropsychiatric problems such as social isolation, irritability, aggression, oppositional behavior, behavioral regress, unusual sound production, repeated vilifications, loss of appetite and handwriting deterioration. He was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The patient was discharged from the hospital in a good condition. Conclusions: The medical treatment of underlying disease leads to remarkable patient's neuropsychological and OCD symptoms. PANDAS should be diagnosed in the streptococcal infections associated with abrupt behavioral symptoms and treated with IVIG and antibiotics.

Günümüzde yığma yapılar az sayıda inşa edilmekte olsa da geçmişten kalan ve hala kullanılan bu tür yapılara çok rastlanılmaktadır. Genellikle kırsal alanlarda var olan yığma yapıların mühendislik hizmeti almadan yapılması, uygulamada yapılan hatalar, yapıyı oluşturan gevrek malzemelerin basınç dayanımı yüksek ve çekme dayanımı düşük olduğu için çok az deformasyon yapılması gibi nedenlerle yığma yapıların orta-şiddetli depremlerde bile hasar almakta ve yıkılarak çok ciddi can kayıplara sebep olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, Türkiye deprem kuşağında yer aldığı için ve yapı stoğunun önemli bir kısmını oluşturan yığma yapıların deprem etkisindeki davranışlarının incelenmesi oldukça önemlidir.Bu çalışma kapsamında yığma yapıların deprem dayanımının incelenmesi yapılmıştır. Ele alınan yapının bir kısmı betonarme kolonlar ve kirişler üzerine otururken, dış duvarlar yığma yapı olarak yapılan bina tipi incelenmiştir. İncelenen bina deprem bölgesinde olup, 3 katlıdır. Model bina bilgisayar ortamında paket sonlu elemanlar programı ile modellenmiş ve deprem dayanımı irdelenmiştir. Bina içinde bazı mekanlarda duvar bulunmamakta, bunun yerine döşeme yükleri kolonlara taşıtılmaktadır. Bu nedenle deprem yönetmeliğinin tarif ettiği modelleme yaklaşımı ile deprem hesabı mümkün değildir. Modellenen binada deprem iyileştirme alternatifleri özetlenerek, seçilen bir yada daha fazla güçlendirme metodu da analitik olarak ele alınmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, güçlendirilmemiş binanın deprem dayanımı yetersiz olarak tespit edilmiş ve önerilen güçlendirmelerin uygulanmasıyla bina deprem dayanımı Deprem Yönetmeliğinin verdiği sınır şartları sağlar durumuma gelmiştir. Masonry structures are well known structural types in human history. Although it was very popular in history, its use is also common. The masonry structures are constructed without any engineering services in rural parts. The material properties of masonry is brittle. Low tensional capacity and brittle nature of the material results in low deformation capacity and easy crack formation. The design and application mistakes in masonry structures also results in earthquake vulnerability.Keeping in mind, Turkey is one a very active earthquake zone, and for above mentioned reasons, the studies in masonry and its seismic behavior becomes very important for our country.In this study, Seismic performance of masonry structure is studied. The unique structure has reinforced (RC) columns and beams at the interior of a saloon. The outer walls are masonry type. The masonry structure is situated in 1.seismic zone and it has 3 stories. Since the structure has RC columns and masonry walls, it cannot be analyzed by the code defined methods. For this reason, the structure is modelled in finite element program. Two different strengthening approach is included in the study. The original structure has inadequate seismic performance. The strengthened structures satisfied Turkish earthquake codes requirements. 158

Supplemental material for A performance metric for additively manufactured microlattice structures under different loading conditions by Nathaniel Després, Edward Cyr and Mohsen Mohammadi in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; bağlantılı uzuv modelini kullanarak, AKH'ni temsil eden bir biyomekanik model oluşturarak eklemlere uygulanan kuvvet ve momentleri belirlemektir.Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya bir denek erkek milli Cimnastikçi katılmıştır. Çalışmada, yüksek hızlı dört adet kamera (120 alan ayarla) kullanılarak AKH'nin görüntüsü kaydedildi. AKH'nin özelliğinden yola çıkılarak calışmada deneğin 3B, beş bağlantılı üye, dört eklemle, mekanik modeli tasarlanmıştır. Bu amaçla görüntü alınmadan önce deneğin üzerinde belirlenen anatomik noktalarına 15 tane yansıtıcı işaret yerleştirildi. Kuvvet platformun veri toplama frekansı 120 Hz ayarlandı Kamera görüntülerindeki işaretleyicilerin 3B konum verilerinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla MATLAB yazılımında hazırlanan kodlar kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Özet olarak bu çalışmada, oluşturulan biyomekaniksel model beş üyeden oluşan katı cisim modelinde dört adet eklem bulunmaktadır. El bileği ekleminde ortalama 10°'lik eklem açısal gerçekleştiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Omuz eklem açısı ortalama 6°, kalça 5° ve dirsek 3° elde edilmiştir.Sonuç: El bileğinin açısal değişimi ve momenti göz ardı edilemeyecek kadar büyüktür. El bileği ekleminin AKH'nin sırasında vücut kontrolünde önemli bir rol oynadığı ortaya çıkmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: AKH, Biyomekanik, 3B, Modellenme Aim: The purpose of this study was to establish a biomechanical model to compute the force and moments acting on the joints during handstand by the link segment model.Material and Method: One male gymnast participated in this study. Using motion analyzer system equipped with four cameras (set at 120 Hz) and one force plate, the execution of balance on two hands for five seconds was recorded. The data collection frequency of the force platform was set at 120 Hz. The fifteen spherical reflective markers were placed on the anatomical landmark. By defining a five segmental model of three dimensional to four joınts through the inverse dynamic in MATLAB software, the torque for joints was calculated. Results: In summary, in this study, there are four joints in the rigid body model consisting of five limbs in biomechanical model. An average of 10 ° angular of joint of the wrist has occurred. The average shoulder angle was 6 °, hip 5 ° and elbow 3 °.Conclusions: The most angular changes and torque were observed in the wrist. The wrist has been shown to play an important role in body control during handstand.Key Words: Biomechanics, Three Dimensional Analyses, Handstand, Modelling 82

Backgrounds: Vitamin D deficiency is a public health concern even in sunny areas, so we decided to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its related factors among university students in Shiraz. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 254 (128 male and 126 female) university students. Demographic questionnaires and a questionnaire on exposure to sun light and sun protection were completed by the participants. Serum 25OH-vitamin D was measured using a radioimmunoassay kit. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software # 16. A P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of serum 25OH-vitamin D was 49.29 ± 12.87 (nmol/l) and 27.46 ± 10.37 (nmol/l) among male and female students, respectively. 51.2% of female students were vitamin D insufficient and 44% of them had vitamin D deficiency. Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and marginal status among male students were 49.5 and 48%, respectively. Serum vitamin D of female students was significantly less than the males (P < 0.001). Serum vitamin D was negatively correlated to sun protection score (P < 0.001, r = 0.50), but there was no correlation between serum vitamin D and sun exposure. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency especially among female students is alarmingly prevalent. Increasing use of sunscreen lotion and clothing style could be the main factors inhibiting endogenous vitamin D synthesis which results in its deficiency.

High population and irregular urban development in Kabul city, Afghanistan's capital, are among factors that increase its vulnerability to earthquake disasters (on top of its location in a high seismic region); this can lead to widespread economic loss and casualties. This study aims to evaluate earthquake risks in Kabul's 13th district based on scientific data. The research data, which include hazard curves of Kabul, vulnerability curves, and a questionnaire survey through sampling in district 13, have been incorporated to develop risk curves. To estimate potential casualties, we used a set of M parameters in a model developed by Coburn and Spence. The results indicate that in the worst case scenario, more than 90% of district 13, which comprises mostly residential buildings, is exposed to high risk; this may lead to nearly 1000 million USD economic loss and 120 thousand casualties (equal to 25.88% of the 13th district's population) for a nighttime earthquake. To reduce risks, we present the reconstruction of the most vulnerable buildings, which are primarily adobe and masonry buildings. A comparison of risk reduction between reconstructing adobe and masonry buildings indicates that rebuilding adobe buildings would be more effective., {"references":["Boyd, O.S., Muller, C.S., and Rukstales, K.S., \"Preliminary probabilistic seismic Hazard Map for Afghanistan (Report Style),\" U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1137.","M. Mirzaei, \"Urban assessment analysis of district 13th of Kabul city (Translation Unpublished work style),\" Islamic Azad University, Afghanistan, 2012.","Ministry of Urban Development Affairs, Independence Directorate of Local Governance, Kabul Municipality, \"The State of Afghan Cities (Report Style),\" 2014/15.","Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Promotion of Kabul Metropolitan Area Development, Capacity Development Project, \"Kabul City Current Status Report for Urban Development (Report Style),\" May 2011.","Babak. Omidvar, Behruz Gatmiri, Sahar Derakhshan, \"Experimental vulnerability curves for residential buildings of Iran (Journal Style),\" Nat Hazard 60:345‒365, 2011.","Andrew Coburn and Robin Spence, \"Earthquake Protection (Book style),\" 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, 2002, pp. 338–341.","Nieves Lantada, Luis G. Pujades, Alex H. Barbat, \"Vulnerability index and capacity spectrum based methods for urban seismic risk evaluation. A comparison (Journal style),\" Nat Hazards 51:501‒524, 2008.","Guagenti E, Petrini V, \"II caso delle vecchie costruzioni: verso una nuova legge danni-intensita (Published Conference Proceedings style),\" in Proc. 4th Italian Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Milano, 1:145‒153 (in Italian), 1989","Margottini C, Molin D, Narcisi B, Serva L, \"Intensity versus ground motion: a new approach using Italian data (Journal Style),\" Eng Geol 33:45‒48, 1992\n[10]\tMurphy JR, O' Brien LJ, \"The correlation of peak ground acceleration amplitude with seismic intensity and other physical parameters (Journal Style),\" Bull Seism Soc Am 67:877‒915, 1977\n[11]\tWald DJ, Quitoriano V, Heaton TH, Kanamori H, \"Relationship between peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and Modified Mercalli intensity for earthquakes in California (Journal Style),\" Earthq Spectr 15(3):557‒564, 1999\n[12]\tWu Y-M, Teng T-l, Shin T-C, Hsiao N-C, \"Relationship between peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and intensity in Taiwan (Journal Style),\" Bull Seism Soc Am 93:386‒396\n[13]\tGiovinazzi S, \"The vulnerability assessment and the damage scenario in seismic risk analysis (Journal Style),\" PhD dissertation, University of Florence (I) and Technical University of Braunschweig (D), 2005.\n[14]\tMilutinovic ZV, Trendafiloski GS, \"an advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios with applications to different European towns (Journal Style),\" RISK-UE-EVK4-CT-2000-00014\n[15]\tMohajer-Ashjai. A, Nowroozi Ali. A, \"Observed and probable intensity zoning of Iran (Journal Style),\" Tectonophysics, volume 49, 1978"]}

A new micromechanics framework is developed for long fibre reinforced composites using a single fibre surrounded by a functionally graded interphase and matrix as a representative unit cell. The unit cell is formulated to represent any number of aligned fibres by a single fibre. Using this model the elastic response of long fibre composites is predicted in all directions. The model is calibrated to experimental results and shows very good agreement in the elastic regime. The differences between the proposed model and existing models are discussed., {"references":["A. Esnaola, I. Tena, J. Aurrekoetxea, I. Gallego, and I. Ulacia,\n\"Effect of fibre volume fraction on energy absorption capabilities\nof e-glass/polyester automotive crash structures,\" Composites: Part B,\nvol. 85, pp. 1–7, 2016.","B. Bussadori, K. Schuffenhauer, and A. Scattina, \"Modelling of CFRP\ncrushing structures in explicit crash analysis,\" Composites: Part B,\nvol. 60, pp. 725–735, 2014.","R. Talreja, \"Assessment of the fundamentals of failure theories for\ncomposite materials,\" Composites Science and Technology, vol. 105, pp.\n190–201, 2014.","J. Aboudi, S. Arnold, and B. Bednarcyk, Micromechanics of Composite\nMaterials. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2013.","D. O'Dwyer, N. O'Dowd, and C. McCarthy, \"Micromechanical\ninvestigation of damage processes at composite-adhesive interfaces,\"\nComposites Science and Technology, vol. 86, pp. 61–69, 2013.","V. Kushch, S. Shmegera, and L. Mishnaevsky, \"Explicit modeling\nthe progressive interface damage in fibrous composite: Analytical vs.\nnumerical approach,\" Composites Science and Technology, vol. 71, pp.\n989–997, 2011.","T. Sabiston, M. Mohammadi, M. Cherkaoui, J. L´evesque, and K. Inal,\n\"Micromechanics for a long fibre reinforced composite model with\na functionally graded interphase,\" Composites Part B: Engineering,\nvol. 84, pp. 188–199, 2016.","S. Kyriakides, R. Arseculeratne, E. Perry, and K. Liechti, \"On\nthe compressive failure of fiber reinforced composites,\" International\nJournal of Solids and Structures, vol. 32, pp. 689–738, 1995.","H. Hsiao and I. Daniel, \"Nonlinear elastic behavior of unidirectional\ncomposites with fiber waviness under compressive loading,\" Journal of\nEngineering Materials and Technology, vol. 118, pp. 561–570, 1996.\n[10] C. Chamis, \"Simplified composite micromechanics for predicting\nmicrostresses,\" National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA\nTechnical Memorandum 87295, 1986. [11] J. Eshelby, \"The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal\ninclusion, and related problems,\" Proceedings of the Royal Society of\nLondon. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Science, vol. 241, no.\n1226, pp. 376–396, 1957.\n[12] Z. Hashin, \"Failure criteria for unidirectional fiber composites,\" Journal\nof Applied Mechanics, vol. 47, pp. 329–334, 1980."]}

This article focuses on the history of European military music in Persia and shows how this history was twisted by French/Artesian patriotism and self-promotion. In order to provide an alternative history, this article explores various sources and introduces several European musicians who worked in Persia in the nineteenth century, including the Italian Marco Brambilla.

This article focuses on recording Persian music by the German record companies during the interwar period and social, economic, and political motivations behind it.

In this thesis, the elastic field in circular beams and pipes made of functionally graded materials is considered. The following aspects are presented First, the thermoelastic stress field in a functionally graded curved beam, where the elastic stiffness varies in the radial direction, is considered. An analytical solution is obtained where the radial variation of the stiffness is represented by a fairly general form. The stress fields corresponding to two different cases for the elastic properties are examined. The flexural stress in the curved beam is then compared with that of a ring. A relatively simple ap­ proximate solution is then developed and this is shown to be in good agreement with the analytical results. Secondly, the effect of a nonconstant Poisson’s ratio upon the elastic field in functionally graded axisymmetric solids is analyzed. Both of the elastic coefficients, i.e. Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, are permitted to vary in the radial direction. These elastic coefficients are considered to be func­ tions of composition and are related on this basis. This allows a closed form solution for the stress function to be obtained. Two cases are discussed in this investigation: a) both Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio are allowed to vary across the radius and the effect of spatial variation of Poisson’s ratio upon the maximum radial displacement is investigated; b) Young’s modulus is taken as constant and the change in the maximum hoop stress resulting from a variable Poisson’s ratio is calculated. Thirdly, the stress concentration factor around a circular hole in an infinite plate subjected to uniform biaxial tension and pure shear is considered. The plate is made of a functionally graded material where both Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio vary in the radial direction. For plane stress conditions, the governing differential equation for the stress function is derived and solved. A general form for the stress concentration factor in case of biaxial tension is presented. Using a Frobenius series solution, the stress concentration factor is calculated for pure shear case. The stress concentration factor for uniax­ ial tension is then obtained by superposition of these two modes. The effect of nonhomogeneous stiffness and varying Poisson’s ratio upon the stress con­ centration factors are analyzed. A reasonable approximation in the practical range of Young’s modulus is obtained for the stress concentration factor in pure shear loading.

An introduction to twenty Persian musical texts written in India which included both Persian and Indian music