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Introduction: Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are a common vascular pathology and are associated with a risk of rupture, which is often fatal. Aneurysm growth is considered a surrogate of rupture risk; therefore, the study aimed to develop and evaluate prediction models of future artificial intelligence (AI) growth based on baseline aneurysm morphology as a computer-aided treatment decision support.Materials and methods: Follow-up CT angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) angiograms of 39 patients with 44 IAs were classified by an expert as growing and stable (25/19). From the angiograms vascular surface meshes were extracted and the aneurysm shape was characterized by established morphologic features and novel deep shape features. The features corresponding to the baseline aneurysms were used to predict future aneurysm growth using univariate thresholding, multivariate random forest and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) learning, and deep shape learning based on the PointNet++ model.Results: The proposed deep shape feature learning method achieved an accuracy of 0.82 (sensitivity = 0.96, specificity = 0.63), while the multivariate learning and univariate thresholding methods were inferior with an accuracy of up to 0.68 and 0.63, respectively.Conclusion: High-performing classification of future growing IAs renders the proposed deep shape features learning approach as the key enabling tool to manage rupture risk in the “no treatment” paradigm of patient follow-up imaging.

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have become an important tool in the assessment of breast tumors with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CAD systems can be used for the detection and diagnosis of breast tumors as a "second opinion" review complementing the radiologist's review. CAD systems have many common parts, such as image preprocessing, tumor feature extraction, and data classification that are mostly based on machine-learning (ML) techniques. In this review article, we describe applications of ML-based CAD systems in MRI covering the detection of diagnostically challenging lesions of the breast such as nonmass enhancing (NME) lesions, and furthermore discuss how multiparametric MRI and radiomics can be applied to the study of NME, including prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Since ML has been widely used in the medical imaging community, we provide an overview about the state-of-the-art and novel techniques applied as classifiers to CAD systems. The differences in the CAD systems in MRI of the breast for several standard and novel applications for NME are explained in detail to provide important examples, illustrating: 1) CAD for detection and diagnosis, 2) CAD in multiparametric imaging, 3) CAD in NAC, and 4) breast cancer radiomics. We aim to provide a comparison between these CAD applications and to illustrate a global view on intelligent CAD systems based on machine and deep learning in MRI of the breast. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 2

This work evaluates volatile induced surface features on Vesta and Ceres, two of the largest asteroids present within the asteroid belt. Both the planetary objects have similar surface acceleration but different regolith nature. Vesta is a relatively dry body whereas Ceres is rich with water ice. Direct measurement of volatiles is challenging due to harsh space conditions. However, when they are mixed with regolith, it produces peculiar landforms due to melting and/or sublimation and affects the overall evolution of a planetary body. Therefore, in this study the surface features which have direct or indirect link to ice and/or volatiles are examined in order to understand the volatile distribution. For this, regional and global scale investigations related to ponded deposits, pit chains and mass wasting analysis were conducted on Vesta and Ceres. In the vicinity of Marcia and Cornelia impact craters of Vesta, two types of pond deposits were observed. Type 1 melt ponds have smooth, shallow deposits (depth

Introduction. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the Udmurt written monuments are studied only partially at the moment. Today more than 400 names of pre-revolutionary Udmurt monuments are known, but most of them are still not described. An analysis of written monuments is necessary, because they provide important information for language reconstruction, and besides that, they help to determine the chronology of linguistic phenomena. Materials and Methods. The description of morphological characteristics in the article is based on the previously identified graphic and phonetic features of the translation of «God’s law» in the Udmurt language. It involved the method of comparing the linguistic material of the work with the data of the literary language and modern Udmurt dialects. Results and Discussion. As a result of the analysis of «God’s law» in the Udmurt language, we revealed some features in the design of morphological indicators of plural, possessiveness, some case and verb forms, as well as pronouns. Conclusion. A comparison of the linguistic data of the “God’s Law” with the literary language and modern Udmurt dialects confirmed the hypothesis regarding the dialectic affiliation of the written source.

Potmarigold, scientifically known as Calendula officinalis L., has shown great medicinal properties, in addition to its use in landscapes. Because of this and sustainable agricultural development, and in order to explore the effect of different fertilizing methods, an experiment was performed, in which the effects of biological phosphate fertilizer, Barvar-2, and NPK fertilizer, as conventional chemical fertilizers, on the growth characteristics and the amount of phosphorous in plant tissue of Potmarigold were compared with different ratios separately and in combination. This research was conducted in the fields of the Department of Agriculture in Ramin Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources in Khuzestan, Iran, in cropping season 2012-2013. This factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and 27 experimental plots. The factors included phosphate biofertilizer in 3 levels [zero(a1), seed treatment(a2) and road(a3)] and complete fertilizer, NPK, on 3 levels [ zero(b1), 150(b2) and 300 Kg/hectar(b3)]. Studies have shown the maximum numbers of flowers (161.995) and leaves (717.17) per plant were found in co-application of chemical fertilizer. Also the maximum height were found in the combination of the second level of NPK fertilizer (106.6 cm). But the highest P content of the tissuewere found in control treatment (0.002 mg/gr). The results of this research showed that the combined use of seed treatment of phosphate biofertilizer with the second level of the complete fertilizer, NPK, resulted in the improvement of the measured traits, and can thus be recommended in order to increase productivity.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Brain and bone metastases are common in patients with lung cancer. The development of metastasis is associated with poor survival in lung cancer patients. Although tumor morphologic features on radiographs are routinely assessed for differentiation between benign and malignant lung nodules, they are not used to predict metastasis. We assessed morphologic features of pulmonary adenocarcinomas with brain/bone metastasis on computed tomography (CT) to identify related factors for metastasis. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of initial chest CT findings (size, type of contour, percentage of necrosis, enhancement, presence or absence of calcification, and air cavity) from 2009 to 2010 of patients with brain or bone metastasis and compared the findings with those of patients without metastases. RESULTS In total, 128 patients were included (78 men, 52 women; mean age 69 years; range, 36 to 87). Nineteen patients had brain metastases and 32 had bone metastases. Morphologic features associated with brain metastasis included size ≥ 50 mm (odds ratio [OR], 3.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24 to 9.17; p = 0.013), necrosis ≥ 30% (OR, 4.51; 95% CI, 1.62 to 12.55; p =0.002), and presence of calcification (OR, 3.97; 95% CI, 1.16 to 13.55; p = 0.035). Morphologic features associated with bone metastasis included necrosis ≥ 30% (OR, 4.639; 95% CI, 1.98 to 10.82; p < 0.001) and T 3 to 4 stage (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.07 to 6.00; p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS We found that necrosis ≥ 30% was associated with pulmonary adenocarcinoma with brain and bone metastasis at initial chest CT morphologic feature. To validate these results, further research should be conducted.

Purpose. To characterize the morphometric and morphologic peculiarities of peled grown in ponds of the aquaculture farms “Okonsk” and “Korop” for creating the initial brood stock for its further use for broadening species diversity in fish farms of Ukraine. Methodology. The study materials were the young-of-the-year and yearlings of peled obtained from the eggs imported in March 2008 from Russian Federation. According to Pravdin’s method, 27 plastic features, which are used most frequently for biological and systematic analyses, have been examined. The analysis of plastic features was carried out in the system of absolute values and in the index system – as percentages of the body length by Smith. Based on the analysis of the features, we examined their mean values (M± m), deviation (δ), and coefficient of variation (Cv). Findings. Based on the obtained data and available literature data, we carried out a comparative analysis of morphometric features of young-of-the-year peled grown in pond conditions of Polissya and Prykarpattya. An analysis of plastic and meristic features of yearlings with young-of-the-years has been conducted. A comparative analysis of the morphometric features of the yearlings reared in the conditions of Polissya with those of native water bodies from literature data has been carried out.With an increase in the body length in experimental fish, there is a decrease in the highest and lowest body depth values, anterodorsal distance, head and eye lengths, an increase in the values of pectoventral, postdorsal, anteanal distance and the dorsal fin height. Compared to fish from native water bodies, the examined fish are characterized by an increase in the snout length, eye diameter, head length, caudal peduncle length; a decrease in the anteanal, anteroventral, ventral distances, length of the base and height of the dorsal and abdominal fins. Originality. For the first time we carried out works on the study of the peculiarities of peled growth based on morphometric features in the conditions of their combined rearing in the Polissya and Prykarpattya zones. The obtained results will allow widening our knowledge on the topics of peled culture in pond farms in Ukraine. Practical value. The obtained results showed the plasticity of peled in the conditions of their combined rearing in the Polissya and Prykarpattya zones of Ukraine that will contribute to the creation of local brood stocks of peled.

The following fictional case is intended as a learning tool within the Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME), a set of national standards for teaching pathology. These are divided into three basic competencies: Disease Mechanisms and Processes, Organ System Pathology, and Diagnostic Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology. For additional information, and a full list of learning objectives for all three competencies, see http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2374289517715040.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) has a characteristic clinical presentation, morphology, immunophenotype and primary chromosomal aberration, that is, the translocation t(8;14)(q24;q32) or its variants. However, diagnostic dilemmas may arise in daily practice due to overlap of BL with subsets of other aggressive, mature B-cell lymphomas such as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Recently, two gene expression studies have described a distinct molecular profile for BL, but also showed the persistence of some cases intermediate between BL and DLBCL. An alternative approach to define BL is to consider (cyto) genetic data, in particular chromosomal abnormalities other than the t(8;14) or its variants. In this review the 'Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations in Cancer,' harboring the majority of all published neoplasia-related karyotypes, was explored to define a cytogenetic profile of 'true' BL. This core subset of BL showed a very low complexity of chromosomal abnormalities with 40% of the cases having the IG-MYC fusion as the sole abnormality. In the remaining cases, additional recurrent but partially exclusive abnormalities included gains at chromosomes 1q, 7 and 12, and losses of 6q, 13q32-34 and 17p. Within the core subset, no differences were found between pediatric and adult patients. In addition, the genetic profile of the core subset was significantly different from BL with an 8q24 breakpoint not affecting one of the three immunoglobulin loci, BL with a translocation involving 18q21/BCL2, 3q27/BCL6 or 11q13/BCL1, additionally to a breakpoint at 8q24/MYC, and from other morphological types of lymphomas with an 8q24/MYC breakpoint. These groups showed a higher cytogenetic complexity than the core subset of BL. BL without a detectable 8q24/MYC breakpoint might be heterogeneous and deserves further studies. We suggest that, concordant with the WHO classification to be published in 2008, the diagnosis of BL should be restricted to cases with expression of CD10 and BCL6, absence or very weak expression of BCL2 protein, a homogeneously very high proliferation index and a proven IG-MYC translocation without evidence of a chromosomal translocation typical for other lymphoma entities. In addition, a high number of nonspecific cytogenetic abnormalities should suggest need for a critical review of the diagnosis of BL.

Sport result depends a lot on morphologic features of the sportsman, that is one of the selective factors determining the sportsman's perspective. Purpose of research is to determine body build peculiarities of the students involved in archery.

A patient is presented who had Castleman's disease with constitutional symptoms, a palpable supra-clavicular/axillar mass, and a microcytic anemia, among other laboratory abnormalities, including elevated levels of interleukin-6. Treatment consisted of irradiation of the involved area, with subsequent disappearance of all symptoms and normalization of the laboratory abnormalities. Iron kinetic studies demonstrated a hypoproliferative erythropoiesis, which normalized after radiotherapy, Hypoproliferative erythopoiesis could not be ascribed to serum inhibitors, since normal burst-forming units were observed in the absence or presence of autologous serum. The role of interleukin-6 in relation to Castleman's disease is highlighted.

A patient is presented who had Castleman's disease with constitutional symptoms, a palpable supra-clavicular/axillar mass, and a microcytic anemia, among other laboratory abnormalities, including elevated levels of interleukin-6. Treatment consisted of irradiation of the involved area, with subsequent disappearance of all symptoms and normalization of the laboratory abnormalities. Iron kinetic studies demonstrated a hypoproliferative erythropoiesis, which normalized after radiotherapy, Hypoproliferative erythopoiesis could not be ascribed to serum inhibitors, since normal burst-forming units were observed in the absence or presence of autologous serum. The role of interleukin-6 in relation to Castleman's disease is highlighted.

Aiming to evaluate the development of seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolius under different irrigation depth, an experiment was installed in a greenhouse. The experimental design used was randomized block consisting of 4 treatments with 3 blocks. The irrigation depths evaluated were 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm daily, respectively T1, T2, T3 and T4. Seedling production was performed in tubes with 280 cm ³ filled with pine bark basis substrate and fertilizer. The development of the seedlings, were evaluated by the following characteristics: height of aerial part (APA), diameter at breast height (D),dried mass weight of roots (PMSR), dried mass weight of aerial part (PMSPA), total dried mass (MST) and relation (h/d). The treatment T3 presented the best results in relation to the appraised variables, followed by T2. The Schinus terebenthifolius needs a daily sheet of water of around 10 mm, which is smaller than other pioneer species. doi: 10.4336/2012.pfb.32.69.23 O objetivo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de Schinus terebinthifolius em diferentes lâminas de irrigação efetiva. O experimento foi instalado na casa de vegetação do viveiro florestal do Departamento de Ciências Florestais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso consistindo em quatro tratamentos, com três blocos. Os tratamentos avaliados foram 8, 10, 12 e 14 mm de água diária, respectivamente T1, T2, T3 e T4. A produção das mudas foi realizada em tubetes de 280 cm³, preenchidos com substrato, composto a base de casca de Pinus e fertilizante. A avaliação do crescimento das mudas foi realizada através das seguintes características: altura da parte aérea (APA), diâmetro do colo (D), massa seca de raiz (MSR), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca total (MST) e relação APA/D. O tratamento T3 apresentou o melhor desempenho em relação às características avaliadas, seguido do T2. Assim, pode-se inferir que a produção de mudas de Schinus terebenthifolius necessita de uma lâmina de água diária em torno de 10 mm, a qual é menor do que a necessária para outras espécies pioneiras. doi: 10.4336/2012.pfb.32.69.23

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) has a characteristic clinical presentation, morphology, immunophenotype and primary chromosomal aberration, i.e. the translocation t(8;14) (q24;q32) or its variants. However, diagnostic dilemmas may arise in daily practice due to overlap of BL with subsets of other aggressive, mature B cell lymphomas such as a small subset of diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Recently, two gene expression studies have described a distinct molecular profile for BL, but also showed the persistence of some cases intermediate between BL and DLBCL. An alternative approach to define BL is to consider (cyto)genetic data, in particular chromosomal abnormalities other than the t(8;14) or its variants. In this study the “Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations in Cancer”, harboring the majority of all published neoplasia related karyotypes, was explored to define a cytogenetic profile of “true” BL. To that end a core subset of BL was defined by a histologic diagnosis of BL, the presence of a t(8;14), t(2;8) or t(8;22) indicating a MYC/IG breakpoint, and the absence of a 3q27/BCL6, 18q21/BCL2 or 11q13/CCND1 breakpoint additional to the 8q24/MYC breakpoint. These core BL (N=481) showed a very low complexity of chromosomal changes, with 40% of the cases having the IG-MYC fusion as the sole abnormality; in the remaining cases additional recurrent and partially exclusive abnormalities included gains at chromosomes 1q, 7 and 12, and losses of 6q, 13q32-34 and 17p. No differences were found between pediatric (N=205) and adult patients (N=215). Moreover, no differences were found between such core BL cases published before (N= 280) and after 1994 (N=201) indicating that historical changes in classification systems had no major impact on this profile. The genetic profiles and age distribution of the core subset were significantly different from BL with an 8q24 breakpoint not affecting one of the three IG loci (N=13), lymphomas that were diagnosed as BL but had a translocation involving 18q21/BCL2, 3q27/BCL6 or 11q13/BCL1 additional to a breakpoint at 8q24/MYC (“double hit BL”; N=44), and from other morphological types of lymphomas with an 8q24/MYC breakpoint (N=327; 256/327 cases had an IG-MYC breakpoint). These groups showed an other age distribution and a higher cytogenetic complexity than the core subset of BL. BL without a detectable 8q24/MYC breakpoint (N=108) might have been heterogeneous and deserves further studies. We suggest that, concordant with the WHO classification to be published in 2008, the diagnosis of BL should be restricted to cases with expression of CD10 and BCL6, absence or very weak expression of BCL2 protein, a homogeneously very high proliferation index, and a proven IG-MYC translocation without evidence of a chromosomal translocation typical for other lymphoma entities. Additionally, a high number of non-specific cytogenetic abnormalities should suggest need for a critical review of the diagnosis of BL. Finally, the steady increase in age of lymphomas that mimic BL strongly emphasizes that there is no distinct age at which a pathologist can safely make a diagnosis of BL without any ancillary cytogenetic or molecular studies.