1. AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders
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Vincenzo Salpietro1, 2 3, 140, Christine L. Dixon4, Hui Guo5, 6 140, Oscar D. Bello Stephanie Efthymiou 1, 4, Reza Maroofian1, Gali Heimer7, Lydie Burglen 8, Stephanie Valence 9, Erin Torti 10, Moritz Hacke11, Julia Rankin12, Huma Tariq1, Estelle Colin13, Vincent Procaccio13, Pasquale Striano2, 3, Kshitij Mankad15, Andreas Lieb 4, Sharon Chen16, Laura Pisani16, Conceicao Bettencourt 17, Roope Männikkö 1, Andreea Manole1, Alfredo Brusco 18, Enrico Grosso18, Giovanni Battista Ferrero19, Judith Armstrong-Moron20, Sophie Gueden21, Omer Bar-Yosef7, Michal Tzadok7, Kristin G. Monaghan10, Teresa Santiago-Sim10, Richard E. Person10, Megan T. Cho10, Rebecca Willaert10, Yongjin Yoo22, Jong-Hee Chae23, Yingting Quan6, Huidan Wu6, Tianyun Wang5, 6, Raphael A. Bernier24, Kun Xia6, Alyssa Blesson25, Mahim Jain25, Mohammad M. Motazacker26, Bregje Jaeger27, Amy L. Schneider 28, Katja Boysen28, Alison M. Muir 29, Candace T. Myers30, Ralitza H. Gavrilova31, Lauren Gunderson31, Laura Schultz-Rogers 31, Eric W. Klee31, David Dyment32, Matthew Osmond32, 33 34, Mara Parellada35, Cloe Llorente36, Javier Gonzalez-Peñas37, Angel Carracedo38, Arie Van Haeringen40, Claudia Ruivenkamp40, Caroline Nava41, Delphine Heron41, Rosaria Nardello42, Michele Iacomino43, Carlo Minetti2, Aldo Skabar44, Antonella Fabretto44, SYNAPS Study GroupMiquel Raspall-Chaure45, Michael Chez46, Anne Tsai47, Emily Fassi48, Marwan Shinawi48, John N. Constantino49, Rita De Zorzi50, Sara Fortuna 50, Fernando Kok51, Boris Keren41, Dominique Bonneau13, Murim Choi 22, Bruria Benzeev7, Federico Zara43, Heather C. Mefford29, Ingrid E. Scheffer28, Jill Clayton-Smith53, Alfons Macaya45, James E. Rothman4, Evan E. Eichler 5, Dimitri M. Kullmann 4, Henry Houlden 1, SYNAPS Study Group Michael G. Hanna1, Enrico Bugiardini1, Isabel Hostettler1, Benjamin O’Callaghan1, Alaa Khan1, Andrea Cortese1, Emer O’Connor1, Wai Y. Yau1, Thomas Bourinaris1, Rauan Kaiyrzhanov1, Viorica Chelban1, Monika Madej1, Maria C. Diana2, Maria S. Vari2, Marina Pedemonte2, Claudio Bruno2, Ganna Balagura3, Marcello Scala3, Chiara Fiorillo3, Lino Nobili3, Nancy T. Malintan4, Maria N. Zanetti4, Shyam S. Krishnakumar4, Gabriele Lignani4, James E. C. Jepson4, Paolo Broda43, Simona Baldassari43, Pia Rossi43, Floriana Fruscione43, Francesca Madia43, Monica Traverso43, Patrizia De-Marco43, Belen Pérez-Dueñas45, Francina Munell45, Yamna Kriouile57, Mohamed El-Khorassani57, Blagovesta Karashova58, Daniela Avdjieva58, Hadil Kathom58, Radka Tincheva58, Lionel Van-Maldergem59, Wolfgang Nachbauer60, Sylvia Boesch60, Antonella Gagliano61, Elisabetta Amadori62, Jatinder S. Goraya63, Tipu Sultan64, Salman Kirmani65, Shahnaz Ibrahim66, Farida Jan66, Jun Mine67, Selina Banu68, Pierangelo Veggiotti69, Gian V. Zuccotti69, Michel D. Ferrari70, Arn M. J. Van Den Maagdenberg70, Alberto Verrotti71, Gian L. Marseglia72, Salvatore Savasta72, Miguel A. Soler73, Carmela Scuderi74, Eugenia Borgione74, Roberto Chimenz75, Eloisa Gitto75, Valeria Dipasquale75, Alessia Sallemi75, Monica Fusco75, Caterina Cuppari75, Maria C. Cutrupi75, Martino Ruggieri76, Armando Cama77, Valeria Capra77, Niccolò E. Mencacci78, Richard Boles79, Neerja Gupta80, Madhulika Kabra80, Savvas Papacostas81, Eleni Zamba-Papanicolaou81, Efthymios Dardiotis82, Shazia Maqbool83, Nuzhat Rana84, Osama Atawneh85, Shen Y. Lim86, Farooq Shaikh87, George Koutsis88, Marianthi Breza88, Domenico A. Coviello89, Yves A. Dauvilliers90, Issam AlKhawaja91, Mariam AlKhawaja92, Fuad Al-Mutairi93, Tanya Stojkovic94, Veronica Ferrucci, Massimo Zollo, Fowzan S. Alkuraya96, Maria Kinali97, Hamed Sherifa98, Hanene Benrhouma99, Ilhem B. Y. Turki99, Meriem Tazir100, Makram Obeid101, Sophia Bakhtadze102, Nebal W. Saadi103, Maha S. Zaki104, Chahnez C. Triki105, Fabio Benfenati106, Stefano Gustincich106, Majdi Kara107, Vincenzo Belcastro108, Nicola Specchio109, Giuseppe Capovilla110, Ehsan G. Karimiani111, Ahmed M. Salih112, Njideka U. Okubadejo113, Oluwadamilola O. Ojo113, Olajumoke O. Oshinaike113, Olapeju Oguntunde113, Kolawole Wahab114, Abiodun H. Bello114, Sanni Abubakar115, Yahaya Obiabo116, Ernest Nwazor117, Oluchi Ekenze118, Uduak Williams119, Alagoma Iyagba120, Lolade Taiwo121, Morenikeji Komolafe122, Konstantin Senkevich123, Chingiz Shashkin124, Nazira Zharkynbekova125, Kairgali Koneyev126, Ganieva Manizha127, Maksud Isrofilov127, Ulviyya Guliyeva128, Kamran Salayev129, Samson Khachatryan130, Salvatore Rossi131, Gabriella Silvestri131, Nourelhoda Haridy132, Luca A. Ramenghi133, Georgia Xiromerisiou134, Emanuele David135, Mhammed Aguennouz136, Liana Fidani137, Cleanthe Spanaki138, Arianna Tucci139, University College of London [London] (UCL), Instituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, University of Genoa (UNIGE), University of Washington [Seattle], Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, King‘s College London, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute - St George’s [London, UK] (Genetics Research Centre), University of London [London], Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine [Tel Aviv, Israël], Service de génétique et embryologie médicales [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neuropédiatrie [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), GeneDx [Gaithersburg, MD, USA], Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust [UK], Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée (BNMI), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Universita degli studi di Genova, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), The University of Sydney, Hofstra University [Hempstead], Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], Safra Children's Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Central South University [Changsha], Kennedy Krieger Institute [Baltimore], University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of Melbourne, Mayo Clinic [Rochester], Department of Health Sciences Research [Mayo Clinic] (HSR), Mayo Clinic, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], University of British Columbia (UBC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, University of Trieste, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University-Baylor University, Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of São Paulo (USP), Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Pédiatrie, CHUR Poitiers, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Pediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, University of Manchester [Manchester], Yale University School of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Oxford, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Salpietro V, Dixon CL, Guo H, Bello OD, Vandrovcova J, Efthymiou S, Maroofian R, Heimer G, Burglen L, Valence S, Torti E, Hacke M, Rankin J, Tariq H, Colin E, Procaccio V, Striano P, Mankad K, Lieb A, Chen S, Pisani L, Bettencourt C, Männikkö R, Manole A, Brusco A, Grosso E, Ferrero GB, Armstrong-Moron J, Gueden S, Bar-Yosef O, Tzadok M, Monaghan KG, Santiago-Sim T, Person RE, Cho MT, Willaert R, Yoo Y, Chae JH, Quan Y, Wu H, Wang T, Bernier RA, Xia K, Blesson A, Jain M, Motazacker MM, Jaeger B, Schneider AL, Boysen K, Muir AM, Myers CT, Gavrilova RH, Gunderson L, Schultz-Rogers L, Klee EW, Dyment D, Osmond M, Parellada M, Llorente C, Gonzalez-Peñas J, Carracedo A, Van Haeringen A, Ruivenkamp C, Nava C, Heron D, Nardello R, Iacomino M, Minetti C, Skabar A, Fabretto A, SYNAPS Study Group, Raspall-Chaure M, Chez M, Tsai A, Fassi E, Shinawi M, Constantino JN, De Zorzi R, Fortuna S, Kok F, Keren B, Bonneau D, Choi M, Benzeev B, Zara F, Mefford HC, Scheffer IE, Clayton-Smith J, Macaya A, Rothman JE, Eichler EE, Kullmann DM, Houlden H, Salpietro, Vincenzo, Dixon, Christine L, Guo, Hui, Bello, Oscar D, Vandrovcova, Jana, Efthymiou, Stephanie, Maroofian, Reza, Heimer, Gali, Burglen, Lydie, Valence, Stephanie, Torti, Erin, Hacke, Moritz, Rankin, Julia, Tariq, Huma, Colin, Estelle, Procaccio, Vincent, Striano, Pasquale, Mankad, Kshitij, Lieb, Andrea, Chen, Sharon, Pisani, Laura, Bettencourt, Conceicao, Männikkö, Roope, Manole, Andreea, Brusco, Alfredo, Grosso, Enrico, Ferrero, Giovanni Battista, Armstrong-Moron, Judith, Gueden, Sophie, Bar-Yosef, Omer, Tzadok, Michal, Monaghan, Kristin G, Santiago-Sim, Teresa, Person, Richard E, Cho, Megan T, Willaert, Rebecca, Yoo, Yongjin, Chae, Jong-Hee, Quan, Yingting, Wu, Huidan, Wang, Tianyun, Bernier, Raphael A, Xia, Kun, Blesson, Alyssa, Jain, Mahim, Motazacker, Mohammad M, Jaeger, Bregje, Schneider, Amy L, Boysen, Katja, Muir, Alison M, Myers, Candace T, Gavrilova, Ralitza H, Gunderson, Lauren, Schultz-Rogers, Laura, Klee, Eric W, Dyment, David, Osmond, Matthew, Parellada, Mara, Llorente, Cloe, Gonzalez-Peñas, Javier, Carracedo, Angel, Van Haeringen, Arie, Ruivenkamp, Claudia, Nava, Caroline, Heron, Delphine, Nardello, Rosaria, Iacomino, Michele, Minetti, Carlo, Skabar, Aldo, Fabretto, Antonella, Raspall-Chaure, Miquel, Chez, Michael, Tsai, Anne, Fassi, Emily, Shinawi, Marwan, Constantino, John N, De Zorzi, Rita, Fortuna, Sara, Kok, Fernando, Keren, Bori, Bonneau, Dominique, Choi, Murim, Benzeev, Bruria, Zara, Federico, Mefford, Heather C, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Clayton-Smith, Jill, Macaya, Alfon, Rothman, James E, Eichler, Evan E, Kullmann, Dimitri M, Houlden, Henry, Salpietro1, Vincenzo, 3, 2, Dixon4, Christine L., Guo5, Hui, 140, 6, Bello Stephanie Efthymiou 1, Oscar D., Maroofian1, Reza, Heimer7, Gali, 8, Lydie Burglen, 9, Stephanie Valence, Torti 10, Erin, Hacke11, Moritz, Rankin12, Julia, Tariq1, Huma, Colin13, Estelle, Procaccio13, Vincent, Striano2, Pasquale, Mankad15, Kshitij, 4, Andreas Lieb, Chen16, Sharon, Pisani16, Laura, Bettencourt 17, Conceicao, 1, Roope Männikkö, Manole1, Andreea, Brusco 18, Alfredo, Grosso18, Enrico, Battista Ferrero19, Giovanni, Armstrong-Moron20, Judith, Gueden21, Sophie, Bar-Yosef7, Omer, Tzadok7, Michal, Monaghan10, Kristin G., Santiago-Sim10, Teresa, Person10, Richard E., Cho10, Megan T., Willaert10, Rebecca, Yoo22, Yongjin, Chae23, Jong-Hee, Quan6, Yingting, Wu6, Huidan, Wang5, Tianyun, Bernier24, Raphael A., Xia6, Kun, Blesson25, Alyssa, Jain25, Mahim, Motazacker26, Mohammad M., Jaeger27, Bregje, Schneider 28, Amy L., Boysen28, Katja, Muir 29, Alison M., Myers30, Candace T., Gavrilova31, Ralitza H., Gunderson31, Lauren, Schultz-Rogers 31, Laura, Klee31, Eric W., Dyment32, David, Osmond32, Matthew, 34, 33, Parellada35, Mara, Llorente36, Cloe, Gonzalez-Peñas37, Javier, Carracedo38, Angel, Van Haeringen40, Arie, Ruivenkamp40, Claudia, Nava41, Caroline, Heron41, Delphine, Nardello42, Rosaria, Iacomino43, Michele, Minetti2, Carlo, Skabar44, Aldo, Fabretto44, Antonella, Study GroupMiquel Raspall-Chaure45, Synap, Chez46, Michael, Tsai47, Anne, Fassi48, Emily, Shinawi48, Marwan, Constantino49, John N., De Zorzi50, Rita, Fortuna 50, Sara, Kok51, Fernando, Keren41, Bori, Bonneau13, Dominique, Choi 22, Murim, Benzeev7, Bruria, Zara43, Federico, Mefford29, Heather C., Scheffer28, Ingrid E., Clayton-Smith53, Jill, Macaya45, Alfon, Rothman4, James E., Eichler 5, Evan E., Kullmann 4 &, Dimitri M., 1, Henry Houlden, Hanna1, SYNAPS Study Group Michael G., Bugiardini1, Enrico, Hostettler1, Isabel, O’Callaghan1, Benjamin, Khan1, Alaa, Cortese1, Andrea, O’Connor1, Emer, Yau1, Wai Y., Bourinaris1, Thoma, Kaiyrzhanov1, Rauan, Chelban1, Viorica, Madej1, Monika, Diana2, Maria C., Vari2, Maria S., Pedemonte2, Marina, Bruno2, Claudio, Balagura3, Ganna, Scala3, Marcello, Fiorillo3, Chiara, Nobili3, Lino, Malintan4, Nancy T., Zanetti4, Maria N., Krishnakumar4, Shyam S., Lignani4, Gabriele, Jepson4, James E. C., Broda43, Paolo, Baldassari43, Simona, Rossi43, Pia, Fruscione43, Floriana, Madia43, Francesca, Traverso43, Monica, De-Marco43, Patrizia, Pérez-Dueñas45, Belen, Munell45, Francina, Kriouile57, Yamna, El-Khorassani57, Mohamed, Karashova58, Blagovesta, Avdjieva58, Daniela, Kathom58, Hadil, Tincheva58, Radka, Van-Maldergem59, Lionel, Nachbauer60, Wolfgang, Boesch60, Sylvia, Gagliano61, Antonella, Amadori62, Elisabetta, Goraya63, Jatinder S., Sultan64, Tipu, Kirmani65, Salman, Ibrahim66, Shahnaz, Jan66, Farida, Mine67, Jun, Banu68, Selina, Veggiotti69, Pierangelo, Zuccotti69, Gian V., Ferrari70, Michel D., Van Den Maagdenberg70, Arn M. J., Verrotti71, Alberto, Marseglia72, Gian L., Savasta72, Salvatore, Soler73, Miguel A., Scuderi74, Carmela, Borgione74, Eugenia, Chimenz75, Roberto, Gitto75, Eloisa, Dipasquale75, Valeria, Sallemi75, Alessia, Fusco75, Monica, Cuppari75, Caterina, Cutrupi75, Maria C., Ruggieri76, Martino, Cama77, Armando, Capra77, Valeria, Mencacci78, Niccolò E., Boles79, Richard, Gupta80, Neerja, Kabra80, Madhulika, Papacostas81, Savva, Zamba-Papanicolaou81, Eleni, Dardiotis82, Efthymio, Maqbool83, Shazia, Rana84, Nuzhat, Atawneh85, Osama, Lim86, Shen Y., Shaikh87, Farooq, Koutsis88, George, Breza88, Marianthi, Coviello89, Domenico A., Dauvilliers90, Yves A., Alkhawaja91, Issam, Alkhawaja92, Mariam, Al-Mutairi93, Fuad, Stojkovic94, Tanya, Ferrucci, Veronica, Zollo, Massimo, Alkuraya96, Fowzan S., Kinali97, Maria, Sherifa98, Hamed, Benrhouma99, Hanene, Turki99, Ilhem B. Y., Tazir100, Meriem, Obeid101, Makram, Bakhtadze102, Sophia, Saadi103, Nebal W., Zaki104, Maha S., Triki105, Chahnez C., Benfenati106, Fabio, Gustincich106, Stefano, Kara107, Majdi, Belcastro108, Vincenzo, Specchio109, Nicola, Capovilla110, Giuseppe, Karimiani111, Ehsan G., Salih112, Ahmed M., Okubadejo113, Njideka U., Ojo113, Oluwadamilola O., Oshinaike113, Olajumoke O., Oguntunde113, Olapeju, Wahab114, Kolawole, Bello114, Abiodun H., Abubakar115, Sanni, Obiabo116, Yahaya, Nwazor117, Ernest, Ekenze118, Oluchi, Williams119, Uduak, Iyagba120, Alagoma, Taiwo121, Lolade, Komolafe122, Morenikeji, Senkevich123, Konstantin, Shashkin124, Chingiz, Zharkynbekova125, Nazira, Koneyev126, Kairgali, Manizha127, Ganieva, Isrofilov127, Maksud, Guliyeva128, Ulviyya, Salayev129, Kamran, Khachatryan130, Samson, Rossi131, Salvatore, Silvestri131, Gabriella, Haridy132, Nourelhoda, Ramenghi133, Luca A., Xiromerisiou134, Georgia, David135, Emanuele, Aguennouz136, Mhammed, Fidani137, Liana, Spanaki138 &, Cleanthe, and Tucci139, Arianna
- Subjects
Male ,[SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,Ion channels in the nervous system ,Cohort Studies ,fluids and secretions ,Loss of Function Mutation ,Receptors ,AMPA ,AMPA receptor ,lcsh:Science ,Child ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,AMPA receptor, GluA2, neurodevelopmental disorders, autism spectrum disorder, glutamatergic synaptic transmission, GRIA2 ,neurodevelopmental disorders ,Developmental disorders ,Neurodevelopmental disorders ,Brain ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA ,GluA2 ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Adult ,Heterozygote ,Adolescent ,Science ,autism spectrum disorder ,Article ,Young Adult ,[SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics ,MESH: Intellectual Disability/genetics ,Neurodevelopmental Disorders/genetics ,Receptors AMPA/genetics ,Intellectual Disability ,mental disorders ,Humans ,Infant ,Neurodevelopmental Disorders ,Receptors, AMPA ,GRIA2 ,Preschool ,Ion channel in the nervous system, Developmental disorders, Synaptic development, NG sequencing ,[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,[SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics ,glutamatergic synaptic transmission ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,[SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,NG sequencing ,Synaptic development ,Ion channel in the nervous system ,Next-generation sequencing ,lcsh:Q - Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ligand-gated channels made up of combinations of GluA1-4 subunits encoded by GRIA1-4 genes. GluA2 has an especially important role because, following post-transcriptional editing at the Q607 site, it renders heteromultimeric AMPARs Ca2+-impermeable, with a linear relationship between current and trans-membrane voltage. Here, we report heterozygous de novo GRIA2 mutations in 28 unrelated patients with intellectual disability (ID) and neurodevelopmental abnormalities including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome-like features, and seizures or developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). In functional expression studies, mutations lead to a decrease in agonist-evoked current mediated by mutant subunits compared to wild-type channels. When GluA2 subunits are co-expressed with GluA1, most GRIA2 mutations cause a decreased current amplitude and some also affect voltage rectification. Our results show that de-novo variants in GRIA2 can cause neurodevelopmental disorders, complementing evidence that other genetic causes of ID, ASD and DEE also disrupt glutamatergic synaptic transmission., Genetic variants in ionotropic glutamate receptors have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, the authors report heterozygous de novo mutations in the GRIA2 gene in 28 individuals with intellectual disability and neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with reduced Ca2+ transport and AMPAR currents.”
- Published
- 2019
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