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In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Lepidium spinosum Ard., which is distributed in many regions of the world, were determined. The aerial parts of the plant were dried, powdered and extracted with ethanol. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of the plant extract were determined using Rel Assay Diagnostics kits. Antimicrobial activities of the plant extract were determined against standard bacterial and fungal strains by agar dilution method. As a result of the studies, the TAS value of the plant extract was determined as 4.550±0.132, the TOS value as 12.610±0.221, and the OSI value as 0.277±0.007. In addition, it has been found to be effective at 25-200 µg/mL against standard bacterial strains and 100-200 µg/mL concentrations against fungal strains. As a result, it was determined that L. spinosum used in our study could be a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial source. In this context, it is thought that natural material may be used in pharmacological designs.

We aimed to investigate the quantitative detection of methylated suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) in schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), considering SOCS-1 -1478CA/del polymorphism and clinical parameters.Our research is a case-control study in which 114 patients with SCZ, 86 patients with BD, and 80 volunteers as a healthy group participated. Bisulfite-converted DNA samples were analyzed using the real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMS-PCR) method to measure the methylation level of the SOCS-1 gene. In addition, SOCS-1 -1478CA/del gene polymorphism was analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).When the SOCS-1 promoter methylation levels of SCZ and BD patients were compared with the control group, the methylation levels of SCZ and BD were significantly lower than the control group. An earlier age of illness onset was significantly related to the SOCS-1 promoter hypermethylation in DNA samples of SCZ patients. Again, SOCS-1 promoter hypermethylation was significantly associated with the higher Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score in BD patients. While the SOCS-1 CA/CA genotype frequency was significantly higher in the control group than in the BD group, the del/del genotype was significantly related to a higher frequency of rapid cycling and a lower frequency of family history in the BD patient group.In summary, the methylated SOCS-1 quantity in DNA samples of SCZ and BD patients were significantly lower than in control samples. Whereas the SOCS-1 -1478CA/del polymorphism was not related to SCZ, it may be associated with the BD.

Febrile neutropenia (FEN) was reported in patients with solid malignancies at a rate of 5-10% and in patients with hematological malignancies at a rate of 20-25%. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) (rs1800450) and suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) (rs33989964) gene variants on patients with FEN.A total of 123 patients who applied to pediatric emergency department between December 2019-12/2020 included in the study. Thirteen patients were excluded from the study due to the inability to obtain DNA. Demographic-clinical features at initial diagnosis and genotype distributions were recorded. The control group consisted of volunteers with the same ethnicity, age and gender, no active infection, and no consanguinity.CA/CA genotype of SOCS1 was found to be significantly higher in the healthy control group (p = 0.028). AB/BB genotype of MBL2 was significantly higher in FEN patients with a MASCC score of high risk, AA genotype was found to be higher in patients with low risk (p = 0.001). While the rate of microbiologically documented infection (MDI) was significantly lower in patients with the AA genotype of MBL2, it was significantly higher in patients with AA/BB genotypes (p = 0.025). MDI rate in patients with the del/del genotype of SOCS1 was found to be significantly lower than in patients with CA/CA + CA/del genotypes (p = 0.026).In this study, it was revealed that low expression-related MBL2 genotypes were riskier for FEN and also, gene variants associated with high SOCS1 transcription were both protective against FEN and increased the rate of culture-negativity.

A series-parallel hybrid-fed microstrip array antenna design is presented for X-band low-probability intercept (LPI) marine radars. Contrary to traditional counterparts, the proposed antenna has improved impedance and radiation bandwidth from 9.1 to 9.6 Gib to accommodate pulse compression and frequency diversity for LPI radars. The antenna structure consists of 24 x 4 patch elements with horizontal polarization. The two halves of the structure are fed in parallel and each arm is fed in a series-series feed network to achieve low sidelobe level (SLL) of -26.5 dB. The manufactured antenna has a gain of 24.0 dBi with half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of 4.5 degrees and 21.5 degrees in azimuth and elevation, respectively. The measured gain flatness is 10.3 dB over the radionavigation band and ILO dB over the entire band. A novel grid baffle structure with capacitive surface impedance is proposed and implemented to provide high isolation over the target bandwidth. The maximum and average isolations between transmit and receive antennas are measured as 65 and 62 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna is very suitable for dual-mode pulsed and continuous-mode LPI marine radars.

Purpose Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a serine protease belonging to the collectins and an important factor in the inherited immune system. We aimed to reveal the distribution of different MBL2 genotypes in patients diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Material and methods A total of 147 patients who applied to Pediatric Emergency between 01.12.2019-31.12.2020 included in the study. Patients were divided into two subgroups: Bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Results AA genotype was found to be significantly higher in healthy controls (p = 0.039). In pneumonia group, both AB/BB genotype was significantly higher compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001). While AA genotype was more common in patients with acute bronchiolitis, AB/BB genotypes were more common in the pneumonia group (p = 0.001). The presence of fever, crepitation, tachypnea, pathological x-ray finding and high leukocyte count are significantly more common in patients with AA genotype, while more than 3 days of follow-up duration and severe clinical picture were more common in patients with AB/BB genotypes (p Conclusions Genotypes with low MBL expression were significantly more common in patients with pneumonia and severe infection. All these results reveal the importance of MBL polymorphisms and expression in infections.

Phlomis genus is one of the genera of Lamiacea family with various pharmaceutical activity. Although phythochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of most of the Phlomis genus are well documented, there is a scarce of research on Phlomis syriaca. This study was performed to reveal phenolic acids of P. syriaca inorder to encourage more studies based on its phytochemicals to elucidate the pharmacalogical activity of this plant. Total phenolic compound amount of P. syriaca was detected as 48.46 ± 4.30 μg GAEs/mg extract according to Folin– Ciocalteu method. An HPLC method was developed to quantify the amounts of nine phenolic compounds in the methanol extract of P.syriaca. The developed analytical system led to the separation, identification and the quantification of nine phenolic compounds most frequently found in plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The phenolic acids with determined concentrations in descending order were as follows, respectively; p-coumaric acid (5.334 mg/L), caffeic acid (2.367 mg/L), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (1.978 mg/L), ferulic acid (1. 052 mg/L), chlorogenic acid (0.581 mg/L), rosmarinic acid (0.546 mg/L), protocautechic acid (0.287 mg/L), gallic acid (0.186 mg/L). cinamic acid (0.064 mg/L).

Objective: Schizophrenia (Sch) is a complex, multifactorial psychiatric disorder. Growing evidence shows that oxidative damage and immunological dysfunction exist in the Sch physiopathology. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether the Uncoupling protein 2 and Complement factor H gene variants play any role in susceptibility to Sch. Methods: This study was carried out on 200 individuals (100 Sch patients and 100 healthy controls). Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples.UCP2-866G /A (rs659366) and CFHY402H variants were analyzed by PCR-RFLP analysis. Results: The UCP2 -866G/A variant G/G genotype and G allele were associated significantly with increased risk of Sch (p=0.001, p=0.001, respectively). The subjects carrying UCP2 -866G/A variant G/G genotype had 4.377-fold increased risk for Sch.There was no significant difference between the groups for the genotype and allele frequencies of CFH Y402H variant (p>0.05). The observed genotype counts deviated significantly from those expected in Sch patients according to the HWE for UCP2 -866G/A variant (p=0.001). Conclusion: We present the first results investigating UCP2 -866G/A/ and CFH Y402H variants for susceptibility to Sch in a Turkish population. These results indicate that the UCP2 -866G/A, but not CFH Y402H variant, might play an important role in the development of Sch.

Flavocillin, a newly discovered beta-lactam antibiotic, shows promise in its ability to be a TrxR and OATP inhibitor. Through our docking experiments, we identified key residues in the docking process, that proves the idea that this molecule can increase the susceptibility of various bacteria to beta-lactams since it has been proven that the combination of TrxR inhibitors, along with beta-lactams, can minimize the creation of MRSA. Also, Flavocillin shows an affinity for the metallo beta-lactamase, omitting the use of clavulanic acid. Possibly, the combination of Flavocillin with other beta-lactams, as a therapeutic approach, could minimize the chances of creating antibiotic-resistant strains.

Dysregulation of circadian rhythms has been thought to be associated with psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD) and depression. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between clinical specifiers of BD, mainly seasonal pattern (SP), and the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) variant of the PERIOD3 (PER3) gene (rs57875989) in BD patients by comparing genotype distributions with healthy controls considering clinical parameters.A sample of 98 BD patients and 97 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders (SCID-I) was administered to all participants. The patients were evaluated with some scales (Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and The Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI)) in terms of clinical features and symptom severity. Blood samples were obtained from participants to isolate their DNA. PCR-RFLP was used to determine the PER3 gene variant.The PER3 genotype (4/4, 4/5, 5/5) distribution of BD was found to be significantly different from the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in the PER3 genotype distribution between BD patients with SP and BD patients without SP. Again, the PER3 allele (4, 5) distributions of BD patients with the SP were statistically different from the control group. The BD patients' PER3 genotype distributions with a family history of BD were significantly different from the BD patients without family history or control group.It was found that the VNTR variant of the PER3 gene (rs57875989) may be associated with the SP and family history of BD as well as the BD itself. Further studies with the VNTR variant of the PER3 gene (rs57875989) in different ethnic populations are also required to determine these polymorphisms' exact role in BD.

The suppressor of the cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) gene is a short sequence located on chromosome 16 that functions to induce an appropriate immune response and is an essential physiological regulator of interferon (IFN) signaling. In addition to comparing the global DNA and SOCS1 gene promoter methylation status between our patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and healthy controls, this study demonstrates the effect of the SOCS1 rs33989964 polymorphism on patients with COVID-19. The study group included 139 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in our hospital's clinics between June and December 2020, and the control group included 78 healthy individuals. After comparing the initial gene polymorphisms of the patients with the healthy control group, three separate clinical subgroups were formed. The gene polymorphism distribution and the methylation status of SOCS1 were examined in these clinical subgroups. Hypomethylation of the SOCS1 gene was observed in the COVID-19 patient group compared to the healthy control group (p = 0.001). Between the patients divided into two separate clinical subgroups, those with severe and mild infections, the Del/Del genotype of the SOCS1 gene was more common in patients with severe infection than in patients with mild infection (p = 0.018). Patients with the CA/CA and CA/Del genotypes were 0.201 times more likely to have a severe infection (95% CI: 0.057-0.716, p = 0.007). Having a non-Del/Del genotype was a protective factor against severe infection. The effect of the SOCS1 rs33989964 polymorphism and methylation status of the SOCS1 gene throughout the COVID-19 pandemic could be significant contributions to the literature.

For COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) cases, detecting host-based factors that predispose to infection is a very important research area. In this study, the aim is to investigate the MBL2 and NOS3 gene polymorphisms in COVID-19 patients with lung involvement, whose first nasopharyngeal PCR results were negative. Seventy-nine patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between April-June 2020 who were admitted to a university hospital, and 100 healthy controls were included. In the first statistical analysis performed between PCR-positive, CT-negative and PCR-negative, CT-positive patients; the AB of MBL2 genotype was significantly higher in the first group (p = 0.049). The B allele was also significantly higher in the same subgroup (p = 0.001). The absence of the AB genotype was found to increase the risk of CT positivity by 6.9 times. The AB genotype of MBL2 was higher in healthy controls (p = 0.006). The absence of the AB genotype was found to increase the risk of CT positivity; also, it can be used for early detection and isolation of patients with typical lung involvement who had enough viral loads, but whose initial PCR results were negative.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the antioxidant and anticancer activities of Sideritis perfoliata methanolic extract (SPE) on cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Different doses (25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL) of SPE were used to determine proliferation of HeLa cells by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining method. Induction of apoptosis was determined by Annexine-V and propidium iodide staining method. Interleukin (IL) 6-8 levels were measured by ELISA method. Antioxidant activities of SPE were determined by DPPH, DNA (plasmid pBR322) protecting and cellular antioxidant activity tests. Some phytochemicals of SPE were also screened by LC-MS-MS. It was determined that SPE reduced the proliferation of HeLa cells and also induced apoptosis. IL6-8 levels importantly decreased at 200 µg/mL. SPE exhibited moderately antioxidant activities in tests used. Among the phenolics identified, vanillic acid had the highest amount. As a result, it was determined to have the anticancer activity of SPE by decreasing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and decreasing IL6-8 in HeLa cells.

Plants have been used for centuries to treat various diseases. In this study, Marrubium globosum Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. plant was used as a material. The extract of the plant was extracted with the help of soxhlet device using ethanol, which is a good polar solvent, and Rel Assay kits were used to determine the oxidant and antioxidant levels in the plant extract. Antifungal and antibacterial activities of M. globossum were tested against standard bacteria and fungus strains by agar dilution method. As a result of the analysis, TAS value of plant extract was determined as 7.677±0.231, TOS value as 12.387±0.083 and OSI value as 0.162±0.004. In this context, it has been observed that the plant has an important antioxidant potential. In addition, the plant extract was found to be effective against test microorganisms at 50-200 μg/mL extract concentrations. As a result, it has been determined that M. globossum can be a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial source.

We aim to evaluate the methylation status of membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase (A sample of 110 patients with SCZ and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers was included in the study. The interview was started by filling out data forms that included sociodemographic and clinical information. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders was used to confirming the diagnosis according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Then the patients were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale in terms of symp- tom severity. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the methylation status ofWhen we compared the percentages ofThe MB-COMT promotor

Many people in different parts of the world benefit from alternative medicine in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Plants are among the important natural materials used in alternative medicine. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Datura stramonium L. was determined. Ethanol extracts of the plant's flower parts were obtained in the soxhlet device. The antioxidant and oxidant potential of the plant extract was determined using Rel Assay TAS and TOS kits. Antimicrobial activity was tested by the agar dilution method. The TAS value of the plant extract was 7.559±0.224 mmol/L, the TOS value was 10.711±0.243 μmol/L, and the OSI value was 0.142±0.002. It was determined that the plant extract was effective against bacteria and fungus strains at 100-400 μg/mL concentration. As a result, it was determined in our study that D. stramonium can be a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial source.

Objective: Mitochondria are multifunctional and dynamic organelles found in cells. Nicotine is a natural alkaloid found in the tobacco plant and has been well studied as a component of cigarette smoke. It has also been reported to affect mitochondrial function both in vitro and in vivo. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) reduces generation of ROS by mitochondria. Our purpose in this study was to investigate whether the -866G/A variant of the UCP2 gene is associated with smoking status. Methods: A total of 238 individuals consisting of 138 smokers and 100 healthy controls were examined. The UCP2-866G/A variant was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results: The proportion of individuals carrying the three possible genotype was significantly different between the smoker and healthy control groups. The UCP2-866G/A variant GG genotype was associated significantly with an increased risk of smoking (p=0.001) while AA genotype was associated significantly with a decreased risk of smoking (p=0.001). The UCP2-866G/A variant G allele was found to be increased in the smoker group compared to the healthy controls (p=0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the UCP2-866 G/A variant GG genotype and G allele might reflect the risk of smoking status in a Turkish population Amaç: Mitokondriler hücrelerde bulunan çok fonksiyonlu ve dinamik organellerdir. Nikotin tütün bitkisinde bulunan doğal bir alkaloiddir ve sigara içme durumunun iyi çalışılmış bir bileşenidir. Nikotinin in vitro ve in vivo olarak mitokondriyal fonksiyonu etkilediği rapor edilmiştir. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) mitokondri ile ROS üretimini azaltır. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız UCP2-866G/A varyantının sigara içme durumu ile ilişkili olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Yöntemler: Yüz otuz sekiz sigara içen ve 100 sağlıklı kontrolden oluşan toplam 238 kişi değerlendirildi. UCP2-866G/A varyantı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu-sınırlayıcı enzim parça uzunluk çeşitliliği metodu ile genotiplendi. Bulgular: Üç olası genotipi taşıyan kişileri oranı sigara içenler ve sağlıklı kontrol grupları arasında belirgin şekilde farklıydı. UCP2- 866G/A varyantı AA genotipi belirgin şekilde azalmış sigara içme riski ile ilişkiyken (p=0,001), GG genotipi belirgin şekilde artmış sigara içme durumu ile ilişkiliydi (p=0,001). UCP2-866G/A varyant G alelinin sigara içen grupta sağlıklı kontrollere göre artmış olduğu bulundu (p=0,001). Sonuç: Verilerimiz UCP2-866 G/A varyant GG genotip ve G alelin Türk popülasyonundaki sigara içme riskini yansıtabileceğini desteklemektedir. WOS:000640072700012

Bu çalışmada sorgulamaya dayalı öğretimin fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının erişilerine ve sorgulayıcı öğrenme becerilerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Konya ilinde bulunan bir devlet üniversitesinin Eğitim Fakültesi Matematik ve Fen Bilimleri Eğitimi Bölümü Fen Bilgisi Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı 2. Sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan 60 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Ön-test son-test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen ile tasarlanan araştırma, 2017-2018 Öğretim Yılı Güz Yarıyılı Genel Biyoloji I Laboratuvarı dersinde haftada 4 saat olacak şekilde 10 hafta boyunca araştırmacı tarafından yürütülmüştür. Deney grubundaki öğretmen adaylarının dersleri sorgulamaya dayalı laboratuvar uygulamaları ile kontrol grubundaki öğretmen adaylarının dersleri ise doğrulayıcı laboratuvar yöntemi kullanılarak işlenmiştir. Bu araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak akademik başarı testi ve sorgulayıcı öğrenme becerileri ölçeği ön test ve son test olarak uygulanmıştır. Veriler SPSS paket programı kullanılarak çözümlenmiş ve araştırmanın alt problemleri bağımsız gruplar t-testi, Mann-Whitney U testi ve Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar testi ile analiz edilerek yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre sorgulamaya dayalı Genel Biyoloji Laboratuvar I uygulamalarının öğretmen adaylarının erişileri ve sorgulayıcı öğrenme becerileri bakımından istatistiksel açıdan deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmiştir.

In this study, antioxidant, oxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities of Asparagus acutifolius L. and Asparagus officinalis L., known for their nutritional properties, were determined. In this context, methanol (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of plants were obtained. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined using Rel Assay kits. Antimicrobial activities of plant extracts were determined against the test microorganisms using the agar dilution method. Antiproliferative activity was tested on the lung cancer cell line A549. As a result of the studies, it has been determined that the plant species have high antioxidant potential. In addition, it was observed that the antifungal potentials of plant extracts are high. Antiproliferative activity was determined to be at high level in both plant species. As a result, it has been determined that A. acutifolius and A. officinalis have medical potential and can be used as natural agents in pharmacological designs.

The suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) functions to induce an appropriate immune response and is an essential physiological regulator of interferon signaling. DNA methylation involves adding a methyl group to the carbon 5 position of cytosine. Besides comparing SOCS-1 gene methylation status between patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and healthy controls, this study also aimed to demonstrate the effect of SOCS-1 gene distribution and the effect of methylation of SOCS-1 on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).This study included 120 patients diagnosed with MM between January 2018 and 2020 and 80 healthy individuals. The distribution of the SOCS-1 genotypes was statistically compared between MM patients and healthy controls. Additionally, the statistically significant effects of these genotypes on survival were examined.The CA/CA genotype of SOCS-1 was significantly higher in healthy controls (The effects of SOCS-1 polymorphisms on the pathogenesis of.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease caused by malignant plasma cells, causing free light chain release accompanying the increase in monoclonal immunoglobulin. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is one of the large and functional enzyme families composed of various hemoproteins. This protein network has been shown to play a role in many treatment steps in current practices. We aimed to investigate the relationship between genotypes of CYP3A4*1B and treatment response and prognosis of MM. Seventy-two patients diagnosed with MM between January 2016 and 2020 and 100 healthy people to create a control group participated in our study. Genotypes were classified in 3 separate groups as NN, MN, and MM. Both PFS and OS were significantly higher in the NN genotype (p = 0.001, p = 0.014). Being under the age of 65 was 27.988 times more protective for OS and 4.496 times for PFS (p = 0.006, p = 0.017). NN genotype was shown to be 41.666-fold protective for OS and 3.144-fold protective for PFS (p = 0.004, p = 0.030). This study demonstrated that CYP3A4*1B NN genotype, which is an important cytochrome p450 member for the treatment of MM, was 41.666-fold protective for OS and 3.144-fold protective for PFS. It was shown in this study for the first time in the literature as a valuable contribution.

Aim: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease caused by chronic inflammatory response. Complement system is the major component of the innate immune defence. In this study, we investigated the potential association between complement factor H (CFH) gene Tyr402His variant (rs1061170) with AS in a Turkish population. Methods: Seventy-eight AS patients and 80 healthy individuals were enrolled in the present study as case and control subjects, respectively. The Tyr402His variant of CFH gene was analysed by PCR-RFLP method. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between AS patients and healthy controls in terms of CFH Tyr402His genotype and allele frequencies. However, the visual analogue scale (VAS) daytime and the AS Quality of Life (ASQoL) were significantly different according to CFH Tyr402His genotype distribution (p=0.032 and p=0.036, respectively). VAS of daytime and ASQoL were higher in subjects carrying Tyr402His variant Tyr/Tyr + Tyr/His genotypes compared to those carrying His/His genotype. Conclusion: This is the first study evaluating the association between CFH Tyr402His and susceptibility to AS in a Turkish population. Although CFH Tyr402His variant was not considered a candidate gene for AS susceptibility in our samples, some clinical findings seem to be associated with genotype distribution of CFH Tyr402His variant. Amaç: Ankilozan spondilit (AS) kronik enflamatuar cevabın neden olduğu otoimmün bir hastalıktır. Kompleman sistemi doğal bağışıklığın esas savunma sistemidir. Bu çalışmada, Türk toplumunda kompleman faktör H (CFH) geni Tyr402His varyantı (rs1061170) ve AS arasındaki olası ilişkiyi araştırdık. Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya 78 AS hastası ve 80 sağlıklı birey, olgu ve kontrol bireyleri olarak alındı. CFH Tyr402His varyantı PPCRRFLP yöntemi ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: AS hastaları ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında CFH Tyr402His genotip ve alel sıklıkları açısından istatistiksel olarak önemli fark yoktu. Ancak, gündüz vizüel analog skala (VAS) ve AS Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (ASQoL) CFH Tyr402His genotip dağılımına göre önemli derecede farklıydı (p=0.032, p=0.036, sırasıyla). Gündüz VAS ve ASQol Tyr402His varyantı Tyr/Tyr + Tyr/His genotiplerini taşıyan kişilerde His/His genotipi taşıyanlara göre daha yüksekti. Sonuç: Bu, Türk toplumunda CFH Tyr402His varyantı ve AS yatkınlığı arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendiren ilk çalışmadır. CFH Tyr402His varyantı bizim örneklerde AS yatkınlığı için aday bir gen olmasa da, bazı klinik bulgular CFH Tyr402His varyantın genotip dağılımı ile ilişkili görünmektedir. WOS:000521098000005 2-s2.0-85083251015

To evaluate the relationship between patients' clinical parameters, especially clinical specifiers, and the intron 4 VNTR variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (A sample of 95 patients with BD and 95 healthy volunteers were included in the case-control study. The patients consecutively admitted to the outpatient psychiatry clinic for 6 months and were evaluated with some scales for clinical parameters. In addition, PCR was used to determine theTheWe propose that the intron 4 VNTR variant of the

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a serine protease belonging to the collectins and an important factor in the inherited immune system. We aimed to reveal the distribution of differentA total of 147 patients who applied to Paediatric Emergency between 01.12.2019 and 31.12.2020 were included in the study. Patients were divided into two subgroups: Bronchiolitis and pneumonia.AA genotype was found to be significantly higher in healthy controls (Genotypes with low MBL expression were significantly more common in patients with pneumonia and severe infection. All these results reveal the importance of MBL polymorphisms and their expression in infections.

Background: In a phase 1b study, intravenous daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone induced a very good partial response or better rate of 42% and was well tolerated in patients with heavily pretreated multiple myeloma. We aimed to evaluate whether daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone would improve progression-free survival versus pomalidomide and dexamethasone alone in patients with previously treated multiple myeloma. Methods: In this ongoing, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial (APOLLO) done at 48 academic centres and hospitals across 12 European countries, eligible patients were aged 18 years or older, had relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma with measurable disease, had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2, had at least one previous line of therapy, including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor, had a partial response or better to one or more previous lines of antimyeloma therapy, and were refractory to lenalidomide if only one previous line of therapy was received. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) by an interactive web-response system in a random block size of two or four to receive pomalidomide and dexamethasone alone or daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone. Randomisation was stratified by number of previous lines of therapy and International Staging System disease stage. All patients received oral pomalidomide (4 mg, once daily on days 1–21) and oral dexamethasone (40 mg once daily on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; 20 mg for those aged 75 years or older) at each 28-day cycle. The daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone group received daratumumab (1800 mg subcutaneously or 16 mg/kg intravenously) weekly during cycles 1 and 2, every 2 weeks during cycles 3–6, and every 4 weeks thereafter until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was analysed in all patients who received at least one dose of study medication. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03180736. Findings: Between June 22, 2017, and June 13, 2019, 304 patients (median age 67 years [IQR 60–72]; 161 [53%] men and 143 [47%] women) were randomly assigned to the daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone group (n=151) or the pomalidomide and dexamethasone group (n=153). At a median follow-up of 16·9 months (IQR 14·4–20·6), the daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone group showed improved progression-free survival compared with the pomalidomide and dexamethasone group (median 12·4 months [95% CI 8·3–19·3] vs 6·9 months [5·5–9·3]; hazard ratio 0·63 [95% CI 0·47–0·85], two-sided p=0·0018). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were neutropenia (101 [68%] of 149 patients in the daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone group vs 76 [51%] of 150 patients in the pomalidomide and dexamethasone group), anaemia (25 [17%] vs 32 [21%]), and thrombocytopenia (26 [17%] vs 27 [18%]). Serious adverse events occurred in 75 (50%) of 149 patients in the daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone group versus 59 (39%) of 150 patients in the pomalidomide and dexamethasone group; pneumonia (23 [15%] vs 12 [8%] patients) and lower respiratory tract infection (18 [12%] vs 14 [9%]) were most common. Treatment-emergent deaths were reported in 11 (7%) patients in the daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone group versus 11 (7%) patients in the pomalidomide and dexamethasone group. Interpretation: Among patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone reduced the risk of disease progression or death versus pomalidomide and dexamethasone alone and could be considered a new treatment option in this setting. Funding: European Myeloma Network and Janssen Research and Development., European Myeloma Network and Janssen Research and Development.

For COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) cases, detecting host-based factors that predispose to infection is a very important research area. In this study, the aim is to investigate the MBL2 and NOS3 gene polymorphisms in COVID-19 patients with lung involvement, whose first nasopharyngeal PCR results were negative. Seventy-nine patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between April-June 2020 who were admitted to a university hospital, and 100 healthy controls were included. In the first statistical analysis performed between PCR-positive, CT-negative and PCR-negative, CT-positive patients; the AB of MBL2 genotype was significantly higher in the first group (p = 0.049). The B allele was also significantly higher in the same subgroup (p = 0.001). The absence of the AB genotype was found to increase the risk of CT positivity by 6.9 times. The AB genotype of MBL2 was higher in healthy controls (p = 0.006). The absence of the AB genotype was found to increase the risk of CT positivity; also, it can be used for early detection and isolation of patients with typical lung involvement who had enough viral loads, but whose initial PCR results were negative.

The AETHERA trial reported an increased progression-free survival (PFS) when brentuximab vedotin (BV) was used as maintenance therapy in high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Thus, we aimed to determine the impact and safety of BV as maintenance after ASCT in real-world patients. Seventy-five patients with relapsed/refractory HL started on BV consolidation therapy after ASCT due to high risk of relapse, between January 2016 and July 2019, from 25 institutions, were included in the study. The median follow-up time was 26 months. The most common high-risk features were primary refractory or relapsed disease

Inthis study, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungalactivities of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. collected from Duhok (Iraq)were determined. Ethanol, methanol and dichloromethane extracts of the fruitpart of plant were obtained. Antioxidant potential was determined with TAS andTOS kits using ethanol extracts. Antibacterial and antifungal activity weredetermined using agar dilution method. Antibacterial activity was determinedagainst 6 bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus MRSA, Enterococcusfaecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacterbaumannii). Antifungal activity was determined against Candida albicans,C. krusei and C. glabrata. As a result of the studies, it wasdetermined that plant extracts have high antioxidant activity. It was alsofound to be effective against bacteria at 25-400 µg/mL concentrations. Plant extracts were found to be moreeffective against gram negative bacteria. It was found to be effective against Candidaspecies at 400-800 µg/mL concentrations. As a result, it was determined thatthe fruit parts of plant could be a natural antioxidant and antibacterialsource., In this study, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. collected from Duhok (Iraq) were determined. Ethanol, methanol and dichloromethane extracts of the fruit part of plant were obtained. Antioxidant potential was determined with TAS and TOS kits using ethanol extracts. Antibacterial and antifungal activity were determined using agar dilution method. Antibacterial activity was determined against 6 bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus MRSA, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii). Antifungal activity was determined against Candida albicans, C. krusei and C. glabrata. As a result of the studies, it was determined that plant extracts have high antioxidant activity. It was also found to be effective against bacteria at 25-400 µg/mL concentrations. Plant extracts were found to be more effective against gram negative bacteria. It was found to be effective against Candida species at 400-800 µg/mL concentrations. As a result, it was determined that the fruit parts of plant could be a natural antioxidant and antibacterial source.

Background Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease presenting with variable and various clinical findings. PNH might be overlooked and diagnosis may be delayed due to low awareness about PNH. This is the first multicenter study in Turkey, investigating the efficiency of diagnostic screening of PNH by multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM) according to consensus guidelines. Methods We evaluate the efficiency of consensus clinical indications for PNH testing with FCM in 1689peripheral blood samples from 20 centers between January 2014 and December 2017. Results Overall, at the 20 centers contributing to this study, PNH clone were detected in 62/1689 samples (3.6%) by FCM test. 75.8% (n = 47) of patients with PNH clone had aplastic anemia, 3.2% (n = 2) had Coombs (-) hemolytic anemia, 6.5% (n = 4) had unexplained cytopenia, 3.2% (n = 2) had MDS with refractory anemia, 1.6% (n = 1) had hemoglobinuria and 9.7% (n = 6) had others (elevated LDH, splenomegaly, etc.). In contrast, we detect no PNH clone test in patients who were screened for unexplained thrombosis. Conclusions Our study showed that current clinical indications for PNH testing are highly efficient and diagnostic screening of suspected patients for PNH with FCM is recommended. However, advanced screening algorithms are required for patients presenting with unexplained thrombosis and normal complete blood count.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a choice of treatment for malignant and non-malignant diseases. After HSCT, some complications may develop in patients. Cardiac complications are particularly important. The aim of this study was to investigate whether systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) is a marker for overall survival (OS) in HSCT patients.In our study, 428 HSCT patients were evaluated. Ejection fraction (EF) and PAP values were investigated during symptom-oriented echocardiography in the pre-HSCT and post-HSCT periods.Pre-HSCT EF values were similar between the groups. In patients with autologous HSCT (auto-HSCT) (PAP25 mmHg), it was found that the 5-year mortality rate was 48.6%, while in the other group (PAP25 mmHg) the 5-year mortality was 25.5%. There was a significant association between 5-year mortality rate and PAP level (p0.046) in the auto-HSCT group. OS was 38% in the pre-auto-HSCT period with PAP values of25 mmHg, while OS was 61% in the pre-auto-HSCT period with PAP values of25 mmHg (p0.001). We determined that there was a statistically significant difference between OS and PAP levels in patients with auto-HSCT. Five-year mortality rate and OS were not significantly different in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) (p0.05).Our results suggest that pre-HSCT PAP value is an important risk factor for mortality and OS in patients undergoing auto-HSCT.Hematopoietik kök hücre transplantasyonu (HKHT) malign ve non-malign hastalıklarda kullanılan bir tedavi seçeneğidir. Nakil sonrasında bir çok komplikasyon gelişmektedir. Kardiyak komplikasyonlar önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sistolik pulmoner arter basıncının (PAB) nakil yapılan hastaların sağkalımına olan etkisini araştırmaktır.Çalışmamızda 428 HKHT yapılan hasta değerlendirildi. Ejeksiyon fraksiyonu (EF) ve PAB değerleri, semptom oryante ekokardiyografi ile post ve pretransplantasyon dönemde değerlendirildi.Karşılaştırılan gruplar arasında pre-HKHT döneminde EF değerleri açısından farklılık saptanmadı. Beş yıllık mortalite otolog HKHT yapılan hastalarda PAB değeri 25 mmHg üzeri olanlarda %48,6, diğer grupta %25,5 olarak gözlendi ve istatistiksel olarak p0,046 olarak hesaplandı. Total sağkalıma bakıldığında otolog HKHT yapılan hastalarda; nakil öncesi PAB değeri 25 mmHg üzeri olanlarda %38 iken; nakil öncesi PAB değeri 25 mmHg altında olan grupta sağkalım %61 olarak saptandı ve bu durum istatistiksel olarak anlamlı hesaplandı (p0,001). Aynı verileri değerlendirerek total sağkalım ve PAB değeri arasında otology HKHT yapılan hastalarda anlamlı ilişki oldugunu, allojenik HKHT yapılanlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki olmadığını tespit etmiş bulunmaktayız.Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre HKHT öncesi ve sonrası ölçülen PAB değeri hastalarda total sağkalım ve mortalite üzerine önemli etkisi olan bir faktör olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Objective/Background: Lymphoma is seen as a highly treatable and curable malignancy with aggressive treatment methods. Efficacy is often limited by toxicity and many patients need alternative treatment strategies as they cannot tolerate existing high cytotoxic approaches. Our aim is to compare BEAM [carmustine (BCNU), etoposide, cytarabine (ARA-C, cytosine arabinoside), and melphalan] and mitoxantrone–melphalan (Mx-Mel) regimens utilized in our patients with a diagnosis of lymphoma who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and to demonstrate that the Mx-Mel regimen has similar but less toxic results than the BEAM regimen we have been using frequently as standard conditioning regimen. Methods A total of 101 patients with lymphoma who underwent ASCT were included in our study. The BEAM regimen included BCNU, etoposide, ARA-C, and melphalan. The Mx-Mel regimen included mitoxantrone and melphalan. Results Of 101 patients included in the study, 60 (59.4%) received BEAM and 41 (40.6%) received Mx-Mel (40.6%) conditioning regimen. The median time to neutrophil engraftment was 10 (range: 9–20) days and 12 (range: 9–12) days in the BEAM and Mx-Mel arms, respectively; it was statistically significantly shorter in the BEAM arm (p = .001). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the Mx-Mel regimen has similar efficacy and toxicity compared with the BEAM regimen. Although time to neutrophil engraftment was shorter in the BEAM arm, it did not result as significant transplant-related complications between the two regimens. The Mx-Mel regimen is seen as a good alternative with low toxicity and high efficacy.

Bu çalışmada, pürüzsüz bakır boru iç yüzeyi hidrofobik özellik kazandırılacak şekilde kaplanarak türbülanslı akımda basınç kaybı ve sürtünme faktörü üzerindeki etkisi deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Kaplama malzemesi olarak floroidetilenpropilen (FEP) ve bu temel malzemeye ağırlıkça %1 oranda grafen (FEP-G) ve grafit (FEP-C) ekleyerek elde edilen solüsyonlar kullanılmıştır. FEP, FEP-G ve FEP-C malzemeleri ile pürüzsüz bakır boru iç yüzeyleri sprey yöntemi ile kaplanıp 400 °C sıcaklıkta kurutularak hidrofobik yüzeyler elde edilmiştir. İşlenmemiş konvansiyonel pürüzsüz bakır yüzeyi ile FEP, FEP-C ve FEP-G kaplı yüzeylerin hidrofobikliği temas açıları sırasıyla 65°, 93°, 96° ve 102° olarak ölçülerek belirlenmiştir. Türbülanslı akımda, 5000 – 30000 Reynolds sayıları aralığında deneysel olarak basınç kayıpları ölçülerek sürtünme faktörü belirlenmiştir. FEP, FEP-C ve FEP-G kaplı hidrofobik yüzeyler, konvansiyonel bakır yüzeye kıyasla 5000 – 30000 Reynolds sayısı aralığındaki türbülanslı akımda %7 - %36.1 aralığında sürtünme faktöründe bir azalma göstermiştir., In this study, the inner surface of the smooth copper pipe was coated with a hydrophobic material and an experimental study was made to determine the effect on the friction factor in turbulent flow. Fluoroid ethylene propylene (FEP) was chosen as the base coating material and 1% by weight of graphene and graphite are added to this base material to obtain FEP-G and FEP-C materials, respectively. The inner surface of the smooth copper pipe was coated with FEP, FEP-G and FEP-C materials by using the spray technique. Than coated pipe was dried at 400 °C to form hydrophobic surfaces. The contact angles representing the hydrophobicity of the uncoated conventional smooth copper, FEP, FEP-C, and FEP-G coated surfaces were measured as 65°, 93°, 96° and 102°, respectively. In the turbulent flow, the pressure losses in the range of 5000 – 30000 Reynolds numbers were experimentally measured and the friction factor was determined. As a result, the decrease in the friction factor in the range of 7% to 36.1% was determined.

No Abstract required

The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra or IL-1RN) is a member of the IL-1 superfamily that functions as a competitive antagonist of the cell surface IL-1 receptor, thereby regulating various immune and inflammatory responses related to IL-1. IL-1 induces tumor growth and metastasis, while IL-1RN inhibits the secretion of IL-1α and IL-6 in cancer cells. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, can be secreted by many types of immune cells. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the effects of IL-1RN and IL-4 VNTR polymorphisms on disease development and survival in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).In this study, 244 patients diagnosed with MM in hematology clinic between January 2010 and January 2021, and 179 healthy individuals were included. The genotypes of the IL-1RN VNTR polymorphism were statistically compared before treatment between patients having undergone stem cell transplantation and healthy controls, as were the genotypes of IL-4 VNTR polymorphism. Additionally, the statistically significant effects of these genotypes on survival were examined.In the statistical analysis of the distribution of IL-1RN VNTR gene variants, 1/3 and 1/4 genotypes were found to be significantly higher in patients with MM compared to the healthy controls (p = 0.035). There was no significant difference between the MM patient group and the healthy controls in terms of IL-4 VNTR genotype distribution. PFS of patients with IL-1RN VNTR non-2-allele carrier genotypes was significantly shorter, but no significant effect was found on OS (p = 0.03, p = 0.786, respectively). Patients with IL-1RN VNTR non-2-allele carrier genotypes had 1.718-fold increased risk of shorter PFS.In conclusion, with this study, the effects of IL-1RN VNTR and IL-4 VNTR polymorphisms on MM were evaluated for the first time in the literature. This study will shed light on ones on cytokine-MM relationship and epigenetic mechanisms.

Context The AETHERA trial reported an increased progression-free survival (PFS) when brentuximab vedotin (BV) was used as maintenance therapy in high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Objective To determine the impact and safety of BV as maintenance after ASCT in real-world patients. Design Patients with relapsed/refractory HL started on BV consolidation therapy after ASCT due to high risk of relapse, between January 2016 and July 2019, from 25 institutions, were retrospectively analyzed. Setting All patients were followed by the bone marrow transplantation team of their hospital. Patients or Other Participants Seventy-five patients were included in the study. The median follow-up time was 26 months. The most common high-risk features were primary refractory or relapsed disease Interventions BV consolidation was initiated within 6 months of ASCT and administered at a dose of 1.8 mg/kg intravenous infusion over 30 min every 3 weeks for up to 16 cycles in an outpatient setting. Main Outcome Features The primary endpoint of the study was PFS; secondary endpoints were safety and overall survival (OS). Results At the time of analysis, 42 patients completed consolidation courses, and BV was discontinued in 33 patients. Fifty patients had an ongoing response (CR in 41, PR in six, and SD in three patients), 25 had progressed. Ten died in the follow-up, eight with progressive disease and two due to infection while in CR. The 2-years PFS and OS rates were 67.75% (95% CI:0.55–0.77) and 87.61% (95% CI:0.76–0.94), respectively. Seventeen patients (23%) received BV in the pre-ASCT treatment lines, and there was no survival difference between the BV naive and BV exposed groups. The most common adverse events were neutropenia (27%) and peripheral neuropathy (21%). Sixteen patients (21.3%) experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicity. BV was discontinued due to AE in 12 patients. Conclusions Consolidation with BV after ASCT can achieve a 2-year PFS of 67.75% (95% CI: 0.55–0.75) with an acceptable toxicity profile.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is commonly located in the liver and lungs of affected hosts. Surgical management is one of the best choices for the treatment of hydatidosis and using effective scolicidal agents during hydatid surgery is essential to prevent secondary infection. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro scolicidal activity of methanol extract of Sideritis perfoliata against the protoscoleces of hydatid cysts. Methods: The protoscoleces were collected from slaughtered livestock in Adiyaman and the effect of three concentrations of the aerial part extract of S. perfoliata (0.1mg/ml, 0.2mg/ml, and 0.4mg/ml) was assessed over three different exposure periods. All tests were carried in dublicate. Finally, the mortality of protoscoleces was assessed by the eosin exclusion test (0.1% eosin staining). Methanol extract of S. perfoliata was assessed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: The results showed that the scolicidal effect of this extract at exposure periods of 10, 20, and 30 min was 29.6, 32.5, and 43.6% at concentrations of 0.1mg/ml, 37.8, 50, and 58.1% at concentration of 0.2mg/ml and finally 57.9, 71.8, and 79.1% at concentration of 0.4mg/ml, respectively; indicating that the extract requiring a further time to display a potent protoscolicidal effects. Some phenolic acids such as fumaric acid (260,13mg/L), syringic acid (27,92mg/L) and caffeic acid (26,84mg/L) and a flavonoid, luteolin (11,23 mg/L) were detected in high concentrations. Conclusions: The present study has demonstrated that the methanol extract of S. perfoliata has high scolicidal power in vitro, although the low concentration of plant extract may provide a base for future treatment of hydatid cysts. However, more research on the in vivo efficacy of S. perfoliata extract and its potential side effects is recommended.

To the editor. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which is characterized by the overproduction of mature cells in the granulocytic series, is included in the group of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms.1 It is the first disease ascertained as due to a specific chromosomal anomaly emerging from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. A chimeric gene denominated as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is the product of the fusion of the Abelson oncogene (ABL) from chromosome 9q34 with the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) on chromosome 22q11.2, t (9;22)(q34;q11.2).

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease manifested by the clonal proliferation of atypical plasma cells. Macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) is one of the pleiotropic regulators in various biological and cellular processes. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a crucial protein involved in the lectin pathway of the immune system. Objective: We aimed to assess whether variants of MIF and MBL2 genes are associated with MM among a Turkish population. Methods: We analyzed the MIF-173G/C (rs755622) and MBL2 codon 54A/B (rs1800450) variants in 200 patients with MM and 200 healthy control subjects using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction endonuclease digestion. There was also an evaluation of the patients undergoing autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) for these variants. Results: AA and BB genotypes of MBL2 codon 54A/B increased in the patients as compared to the controls (p=0.008, p=0.001, respectively). The subjects carrying AA and BB genotypes of MBL2 were at high risk of development of susceptibility to MM by 7.377 and 8.812 times, respectively. The distribution of MBL2 codon 54A/B alleles was similar between the groups (p>0 .05). There was no statistical difference between the patients and controls in the genotype and allele frequencies of the MIF- 173G/C variant (p>0 .05). The patients undergoing ASCT, MBL2 codon 54A/B AA and BB genotypes also showed association with increased risk for MM (p=0.004, p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: As far as we know, this is the first report of the study on an association between these variants and MM in our population. Our results indicate that the MBL2 codon 54A/B variant may be associated with susceptibility to MM.

This study investigates the relationship between cannabinoid use disorder (CUD) or synthetic cannabinoid use disorder (SCUD) and the global methylation, methylation of NR3C1 gene promotor, and NR3C1 BclI poly-morphism, considering clinical parameters. Based on the DSM-5 criteria, 172 SCUD patients? and 44 CUD pa-tients? diagnoses were confirmed with a positive urine test; 88 healthy volunteers were also included in the study. Global DNA methylation was measured using a 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) DNA ELISA Kit. Methylation-specific PCR was used to identify the methylation of the NR3C1 gene. The analysis of the BclI polymorphism of the NR3C1 gene was evaluated by using the PCR-RFLP. Our results demonstrated that the mean of 5-mC percentages of SCUD patients differed significantly from those of the control group. When comparing NR3C1 gene methyl-ation and clinical parameters due to NR3C1 genotype distribution in patients, the genotype distribution was significantly different between the groups, due to the former polysubstance abuse. Additionally, there was a significantly positive correlation between the 5-mC percentages of SCUD patients and the reported durations of their disorders. In summary, whereas global DNA methylation may be associated with SCUD, the methylation of the NR3C1 gene and NR3C1 BclI polymorphism were not related to CUD or SCUD. Istanbul University BAP-YOPIstanbul University [TYO-2019-32579] This study was supported by the Istanbul University BAP-YOP (TYO-2019-32579) program. WOS:000634552600007 2-s2.0-85100380991 PubMed: 33556690

BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis, caused by helminths within the genus Echinococcus, is mainly localised in the liver and lungs of affected hosts. Surgery has been the best choice for the treatment of hydatidosis and using effective scolicidal agents during hydatid surgery is required to prevent secondary infection. Several plant extracts have been shown to exert scolicidal efficacy. This study was designed to investigate the in vitro scolicidal activity of methanol extract of Sideritis perfoliata against the protoscolices of hydatid cysts. METHODS The protoscolices were collected from a liver of a sheep slaughtered in Adiyaman city slaughter, Turkey. Three concentrations of the aerial part extract of S perfoliata (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL) were assessed at three different exposure periods. All tests were carried in duplicate. The viability of protoscolices was assessed by the eosin exclusion test (0.1% eosin staining). RESULTS Scolicidal effect of S perfoliata extract at exposure periods of 10, 20 and 30 minutes was 29.6%, 32.5% and 43.6% at the concentration of 0.1%, 37.8%, 50% and 58.1% at concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, and 57.9%, 71.8% and 79.1% at the concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, respectively; indicating a longer time is required to display protoscolicidal effects. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that some phenolic acids, such as fumaric acid (260.13 mg/L), syringic acid (27.92 mg/L) and caffeic acid (26.84 mg/L), and a flavonoid, luteolin (11.23 mg/L) were detected in high concentrations in the extract. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that the methanol extract of S perfoliata has high scolicidal activity in vitro. However, research on the in vivo efficacy of S perfoliata extract and its potential side effects is required.

ObjectiveMultiple myeloma (MM) arises from malignant plasma cells as a single clone in the bone marrow. Accumulating evidences have reported that there is an association betweenmiR-196a2(rs11614913) variant and various cancers while there were unverified and inconsistent results in MM. The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of themiR-196a2 variant on clinical findings and susceptibility in MM. Two hundred MM patients (156 patients under transplantation of autologous stem cell) and 200 healthy controls included in this study.ResultsThe statistical analysis showed no significant relationship for allele and frequencies ofmiR-196a2genotype between patients and controls (p > 0.05). Log-rank test showed that gender has highly significant impact on both OS and PFS (p = 0.027, p = 0.045).In the univariate analysis, TT genotype (p = 0.022), and CT/TT (p = 0.008) had better OS. In the multivariate analysis, CC/CT-TT were associated with positively OS (p = 0.041). Currently, the most valuable prognostic markers in MM that has clinical implication are genetic abnormalities. It can be concluded from the results thatmiR-1962avariant is effective in prognosis of the MM. It is believed that these findings will help us understand the molecular basis of disease.

Abnormality of the immune system may play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ). We aim to investigate the relationship between clinical features of SCZ and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) -238 G/A, -308 G/A polymorphisms in SCZ patients by comparing genotype distributions of TNF-α gene polymorphisms between patients and healthy controls. A sample of 113 patients with SCZ and 104 healthy volunteers was included in the study. SCID-I was used to confirming the diagnosis according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. We evaluated the patients with some scales and data forms in terms of clinical features, symptom severity, level of insight, suicidal behavior, and treatment response. PCR-RFLP was used to determine TNF-α gene polymorphisms from DNA material. The distributions of TNF-α - 238 G/A and TNF-α - 308 G/A polymorphisms of the patients diagnosed with SCZ were not significantly different from the control group. There was a significant difference in the TNF-α - 238 G/A genotype distributions between treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive SCZ patients. Again, the distributions of TNF-α - 238 G/A genotype of attempted suicide patients in SCZ were significantly different from the non-attempted suicide of SCZ patients. Whereas TNF-α - 238 G/A and -308 G/A polymorphisms were not associated with SCZ, TNF-α - 238 G/A polymorphism may be related to treatment resistance and attempted suicide in SCZ patients in the Turkish population.