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в работе отмечено, что сюжетно-ролевая игра наиболее полно формирует личность ребенка, поэтому является важным средством воспитания. Игра – отражение жизни. В играх дошкольники воспроизводят в ролях все то, что они видят из окружающего мира. В ходе игры они принимают на себя разные образы, роли и с удовольствием отражают ту жизнь, в которой они живут.

в статье рассмотрена тема безопасности жизнедеятельности детей. Содержательная воспитательная работа способствует развитию у старших дошкольников формированию осознанного и прочного усвоения знаний и умений по основам безопасности.

в представленной работе на основе онтологического анализа факторов риска предложена методика внедрения системы бюджетирования в организации произвольной природы, отличающаяся возможностью сформировать оптимальную (в том или ином смысле) институциональную среду внедрения., On the basis of the ontological analysis of risk factors the budgeting system implementation technique in the organization of arbitrary nature differing in an opportunity to create optimum (in this or that sense) the institutional environment of implementation is offered.

The article deals with the problem of migration, the formation of cultural identity and the establishment of intercultural dialogue at various levels of adjustive interaction from the perspective of the need to implement the socio-psycho-pedagogical support to migrant children when adjusting in educational institutions. Analysis of foreign and domestic research on the issue of migrant children and their adjustment to the new socio-cultural living environment, as well as identification of cultural identity formation aspects from the perspective of the impact of various environmental factors, led to the formulation of the research goal, namely, the organization of socio-psycho-pedagogical support for adjustment of migrant pre-school-age children. The formulated goal is realized with the help of two interrelated tasks: creating of socio-pedagogical conditions for the successful adjustment of migrant children, as well as the organization of volunteer groups of students, who are able and willing to carry out work on the adjustment of migrant children into the other-cultural environment. According to the authors, the optimal means of solving this problem is project activities that assume getting familiar with the traditions of Russian culture, fostering the skills of constructive engagement, and forming tolerance in migrant children. Means to form cultural identity of migrant children include folktales, games, toys and animated movies, used during the adaptive interaction between a child and an adult. The result of the project implementation has bilateral perspective: it allows solving not only the problem of adjustment of migrant children, but also helps student volunteers in getting hands-on experience of working with children, as well as expanding the ethnic and cultural horizons of future teachers. Presented statistical data reflect the peculiarities of the adjustment process in migrant children in the Russian Federation, including the Orenburg Region, as a border territory.

1. Each residue in the second transmembrane segment (TM2) of the human GABA(A) receptor alpha(2) subunit was individually mutated to tryptophan. The wild-type or mutant alpha(2) subunits were expressed with the wild-type human GABA(A) receptor beta(2) subunit in Xenopus oocytes, and the effects of these mutations were investigated using two-electrode voltage-clamp recording. 2. Four mutations (V257W, T262W, T265W and S270W) produced receptors which were active in the absence of agonist, and this spontaneous open channel activity was blocked by both picrotoxin and bicuculline, except in the alpha(2)(V257W)beta(2) mutant receptor, which was not sensitive to picrotoxin. 3. Six mutations (V257W, V260W, T262W, T267W, S270W and A273W) enhanced the agonist sensitivity of the receptor, by 10 - 100 times compared with the wild-type alpha(2)beta(2) receptor. Other mutations (T261W, V263W, L269W, I271W and S272W) had little or no effect on the apparent affinity of the receptor to GABA. Eight of the tryptophan mutations (R255, T256, F258, G259, L264, T265, M266 or T268) resulted in undetectable GABA-induced currents. 4. The S270W mutation eliminated potentiation of GABA by ethanol, whereas T261W markedly increased the action of ethanol. The T262W mutation produced direct activation (10% of maximal GABA response) by ethanol in the absence of GABA, while other mutations did not alter the action of ethanol significantly. 5. These results are consistent with a unique role for S270 in the action of ethanol within the TM2 region, and with models of GABA(A) receptor channel function, in which specific residues within TM2 are critical for the regulation of channel gating (S270, L264), while other residues (L269, I271 and S272) have little effect on these functions and may be non-critical structural residues.

K1 killer strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae harbor RNA viruses that mediate secretion of K1, a protein toxin that kills virus-free cells. Recently, external K1 toxin was shown to directly activate TOK1 channels in the plasma membranes of sensitive yeast cells, leading to excess potassium flux and cell death. Here, a mechanism by which killer cells resist their own toxin is shown: internal toxin inhibits TOK1 channels and suppresses activation by external toxin.