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AFI may be an important predictor for deciding timing of delivery and adverse maternal and fetal outcome. Hence, we aimed at determining whether an antepartum low amniotic fluid index (AFI) is a predictor of adverse perinatal outcome in normal pregnancy and to determine a threshold level of AFI that could predict an adverse outcome. This study was conducted as an observational study on a total of 100 antenatal females presenting with term pregnancy at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lord Mahavir Civil Hospital, Ludhiana during study period. Detailed history and clinical examination was done. AFI was assessed with help of USG. The study was conducted on a total of 100 antenatal females. AFI was AFI is an important determinant of adverse maternal and fetal outcome. AFI

Malnutrition is characterized by deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person's nutrient or calorie consumption. Children in developing countries like India continue to struggle with this serious and challenging public health problem. According to India's most recent National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 36% of infants under five have stunted growth (too short for their age). This is an indication of ongoing malnutrition. 32% of children under five are underweight, which is a symptom of severe undernutrition, while 19 percent of children under five are wasted (too small for their height). Malnutrition can be correlated with Karshya in Ayurveda, and it can be managed with a preparation of Ashwagandha called "Ashwagandhadi Leha." This drug is made up of the following ingredients: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Tila (Sesamum indicum), Mash (Vigna mungo), Guda (Jaggery), Pippali (Piper longum), and Ghrita (Cow ghee). Emphasizing "Ashwagandhadi Leha's" efficacy in treating malnourished children is the main purpose of the current review. The ingredients of this drug have Deepana (increase digestive fire), Balya (Provide strength), Brinhana (provide nourishment), and Rasayana (rejuvenator) properties. The clinical evidence shows that these health promoters enhance bioavailability and have excellent nutritional properties. The present paper reveals that this drug is better for gaining weight in malnourished children.

PPH is most common cause of maternal death, contributing to approximately 35% of maternal death all over the world. WHO (2017) recommended that tranexamic acid should be considered as a standard comprehensive PPH treatment package and must be used in all cases of PPH regardless of the cause of PPH.To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intravenous Tranexamic acid (TA) for reduction of postpartum blood loss after vaginal delivery and LSCS and to record any adverse effects following its administration.This study was conducted as a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial on females at high risk of PPH and delivered vaginally or via LSCS at our Institute. All the participants were randomly categorized into two groups study group (tranexamic acid) and control group. The two groups were compared with respect to efficacy (amount of blood loss and incidence of PPH) and safety (vitals and side effects). Mean blood loss from the delivery of placenta to the end of delivery and from end of delivery to 2 hours postpartum was significantly lower in study group as compared to control group (p0.05). Most common side effect due to tranexamic acid in study group was nausea (16%) followed by vomiting and diarrhea in 9% and 1% respectively. Tranexamic acid is an effective drug that can be used safely for prophylactic management of PPH regardless of its cause. This antifibrinolytic agent significantly reduce blood loss and incidence of PPH irrespective of type of delivery. Though, the drug is associated with minor side effects such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, it was not associated with major complications, thromboembolic phenomenon and maternal or perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Background: There is an increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral disorders and other psychological issues. These all are considerably increasing in the paediatric age group in the present era. Children are the nation's future and tomorrow's citizens; it is a big concern for a paediatrician. All neuropsychiatric disorders are considered under the broad term unmada in Ayurveda. As per the pathophysiology of unmada, manas or chitta is affected. For this samprapti vighatana, there is a need for calming therapies like Shirodhara. Shirodhara also has many effects on sareerika and manasika doshas. To search and re-evaluate the possible mode of action of Shirodhara in different neurodevelopmental, neurobehavioral, and other psychotic disorders and also find the effectiveness of Shirodhara in neuropsychiatric disorders.

‘Swarnaprashana’ as a lehana chikitsa and several Ayurveda Rasayana drugs can boost the immune system in a specific or nonspecific manner including both innate or adaptive arms of the immune response and enhance the body’s overall natural resistance to the disease-causing agent rather than directly neutralize the agent itself in children. Aim: To critically review and analyze the role of Ayurveda in the management of childhood immunodeficiency disorders. Method: Various Traditional Ayurveda texts and books, magazines, and research journals as well as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, Ayush research portal, and Clinical Trial Registry, India are used as a source of information about the immune-enhancing effect of Ayurveda drugs useful in childhood immunodeficiency disorders. Discussion: Immunodeficiency disorders are a group of heterogeneous disorders with immune system abnormalities characterized by various combinations of recurrent infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, granulomatous process, etc. ‘Swarnaprashana’ as a lehana chikitsa and Ayurveda Rasayana drug helps the body resist its natural tendency to manage or tolerate the strength, severity, or progression of an illness as well as its natural tendency to prevent the emergence of an illness. ‘Swarnaprashana’ and Rasayana drugs are used as antioxidants, improving immune status, bactericidal & antimicrobial activity, antiviral, and protectives. It promotes an individual's strength, boosts immunity, and helps to prevent and overcome illness. When the immune system is compromised, it results in immunodeficiency, which leaves the body exposed to a variety of fatal illnesses. ‘Swarnaprashana’ and Rasayana drugs mentioned in Ayurveda classics are known to boost the immune system. Conclusion: The present paper reveals that ‘Swarnaprashana’ as lehana chikitsa and Ayurveda Rasayana drugs are effective in treating childhood immunodeficiency disorders.

In India, malnutrition remains a significant and challenging public health issue despite dietary rehabilitation and the effort of the government to tackle malnutrition. Childhood malnutrition is an underlying cause of an estimated 35% of all deaths among children under five and 21% of global disability-adjusted life years lost among less than five children. In Ayurveda, malnutrition in children is described as balashosha, karshya, phakka and parigarbhika. A large number of clinical studies on the management of malnutrition with Ayurveda drugs have been conducted and published. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Ayurveda interventions in the management of malnutrition in children. This review is accomplished using a complete and organized search of the available literature in Ayurveda texts and published articles. The searches were performed using various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, MedLine, and Google Scholar. Ayurveda drugs described for managing karshya and balashosha are formulated to meet all the deficiencies and cure the same. The findings of this review suggest that Ayurveda drugs, along with nutritional rehabilitation, proves to be more effective than nutritional rehabilitation alone, which may be due to the presence of deepana, pachana, brimhana and rasayana property of the Ayurveda drug. These findings will provide a substratum for future research studies for generating good-quality evidence that can help design new health policies to combat malnutrition effectively.

The term “pigmentation of oral mucosa” is applied to a wide range of lesions or conditions featuring a change of color of oral tissues. Common causes of mucosal coloration including petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses, hematomas, vascular tumors and exogenous substances are not true pigmented lesions. In contrast, melanin which is synthesized by melanocytes, is a true pigment and usually imparts a brown, blue or black appearance of the mucosa. Oral pigmentation affects about 3% of the total population and most likely in those with dark skin, more prevalent in females than males during the 3rd or 4th decade of life. In this review, we are describing the oral manifestation and dental considerations associated with common pigmented disorders which will allow the practitioner to have a holistic approach in diagnosis and management of these patients.

Asrigdar has been characterised by excessive bleeding per vaginum. Acharya Charaka described Asrigdar as a separate disease along with its treatment in Yoni Vyapada Chikitsha Adhyaya. Acharya Charaka also described it as a Raktaja Vikara. Acharya Sushruta described Asrigdar due to Pitta Samyukt Apana Vayu. It can be correlated with Abnormal Uterine bleeding in modern. Any uterine bleeding other than normal duration, frequency and volume is considered as abnormal uterine bleeding. It affects about 30% of women in reproductive period. It is often associated with backache, pain in lower abdomen and weakness. A 23 years old female patient presented with complaints of Irregular menses with excessive bleeding per vaginum associated with pain lower abdomen. On further enquiry it was found that she had irregular menses since menarche. She took modern treatment but didn’t get significant relief. Due to excessive bleeding she had Anaemia also. Keeping all the aspects in mind a treatment has been planned. Doshas involved in Asrigdar are mainly Pitta and Vata, That is why, for Samprapti vighatan basic treatment divided into three parts i.e. Shaman chikitsha along with Sthanik chkitsha over abdomen with Krishna Mritika and Basti chikitsha. Shaman chikitsha which includes Pitta and Vata shamak, Raktastambhaka and Balya Aushadh. In Bhavprakash Nighantu Krishna Mritika has been kept in Ashtama Dhatwadi Varga and mentioned in Rakta Pradra or Rakt Vikara. The treatment protocol was followed for three cycles with positive outcome as better cycle control and symptomatic improvement in this patient.

In traditional medicine, Guduchi is considered to have a status of the highest order in natural medicine and Ayurveda. Guduchi is derived from a Sanskrit word called “Amrita” due to its medicinal and therapeutic properties. In vitro and in vivo studies around the world proved the medicinal value of Tinospora cordifolia. Guduchi's medicinal therapeutic effect was identified: antioxidant property, antimicrobial property, anticancer activity, antihepatotoxic effects, anti-inflammatory activities, antistress and memory enhancement, antidiabetic property, anti-osteoporotic effect, analgesic activity, and wound healing. This paper is produced by systematically reviewing the scientific literature and comprehensive summary of the medicinal properties of Guduchi.

In this paper, we introduce the new definitions and fixed-point theorems for \((\hat{\alpha}-\hat{\psi})\)-Geraghty contraction with an aid of simulation function \(\zeta:[0, \infty) \times[0, \infty) \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) in generalized metric space satisfying the following condition:if \(\exists \hat{\beta} \in \mathcal{F}\) such that for all \(r, s \in \mathfrak{X}\), then we have\(\zeta[\hat{\alpha}(r, s)(d(\mathcal{P} r, \mathcal{P} \mathcal{s})), \hat{\beta}(\hat{\psi}(d(r, s))) \hat{\psi}(d(r, s))] \geq 0\), where \(\hat{\psi} \in \hat{\Psi}\) and \((\mathfrak{X}, d)\) is a generalized metric space. An example is also given to support our results.

Acute respiratory infections (A.R.I.s) remain the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in India, causing an estimated 4 million pneumonia and 1 million fatalities annually. Except during the neonatal period, A.R.I.s are the primary cause of illness and death in children under five, with an average of three to six episodes per year. The most prevalent, unpleasant, and early warning sign of A.R.I.s is cough. Cough caused by URTIs or cough without preceding infection causes parental worry in early childhood and is a primary cause of outpatient visits. Cough can impact one's quality of life, cause anxiety, and disrupt children's sleep; therefore, parents frequently seek a rapid remedy for their children. Since antiquity, honey and its numerous remedies have been used to treat coughs effectively. Honey is also essential to paediatric treatment in the Ayurveda medical system. Honey is said to cure various diseases and is recommended in multiple situations as the primary medicine as anupana, sahapana, and on occasion. To support the child's entire physical and cognitive development, Ayurveda encouraged the use of honey in the 'lehana' form, along with ghee (clarified butter oil), other herbal medicines, and Suvarna bhasma. When used to treat a night-time cough, honey gives significant symptomatic relief regarding cough severity, episode length, and insomnia. Honey's mucolytic, anti-inflammatory, and bronchodilator qualities provide comfort from nocturnal coughing, and multiple clinical research has shown that honey is more helpful in lowering cough frequency, intensity, and the impact of cough on sleep.

A simple, accurate, precise, and rapid UV spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous estimation of Etoricoxib and Thiocolchicoside in the tablet dosage form. Etoricoxib showed maximum absorbance at 270 nm, while Thiocolchicoside showed maximum absorbance at 260 nm. These two wavelengths were selected for further analysis. The developed method was validated as ICH guidelines including parameters as linearity, range, precision, LOD, LOQ, and accuracy. The absorbance range for Etoricoxib (5-30 µg/ml) was found to be 0.210-0.799. These aliquots obeyed Beer-Lambert’s law with regression of 0.995. The absorbance range of Thiocolchicoside (5-30 µg/ml) was found to be 0.147-0.468 with a regression of 0.998. The method of precision (interday, intraday) was found within limits (RSD>2). The % recovery was found to be within the range. As per the ICH Q2 R1 guideline, the result was validated statistically and was found to be satisfactory.

Context In the breeding of oilseed Brassica crops for human consumption and animal feed, the main objective is the expansion of commercial varieties with low erucic acid, low glucosinolates, and high oleic acid content. Indian cultivars are high in erucic acid and glucosinolates. Aims This study examined variation among species and genotypes of Brassica for early screening potential in breeding programs for enhanced oil quality of rapeseed mustard. Methods Seeds of 165 Brassica genotypes including exotic and indigenous collections from India were analysed for oil content, fatty acid composition of seed oil, and glucosinolate content in seed meal. Species represented were B. juncea (159 genotypes), B. rapa (2), B. napus (2), B. carinata (1) and Eruca sativa (1). Correlation, principal component and cluster analyses were performed. Key results Substantial genetic variability was detected among genotypes for all studied traits. Oil content ranged from 32% to 45%. Oleic (11.93–54.13%), linoleic (13.33–35.85%), linolenic (3.42–20.77%) and erucic (0–50.70%) acids were the dominant fatty acids. Erucic acid had a significant and negative association with oleic, linoleic, linolenic and eicosenoic acids. Glucosinolate content varied from 7.32 to 282.17 μmol/g in the defatted meal. The first two principal components accounted for 48.10% of cumulative variation. Genotypes were grouped into five major clusters. Genotypes of one cluster had high oleic acid (46.73%) and low erucic acid (1.72%). Conclusions Five promising genotypes were found with low glucosinolate (

The skills required of academic library professionals are greatly influenced by the rapidly evolving digital technologies. The purpose of the present study is to observe the current state of job qualifications, skills and competencies required for working in academic digital libraries in India. The study was conducted to identify the 15 top ranked skills demanded for positions in academic digital libraries. A typology of 44 skills and competencies resulted from the content analysis of 180 job advertisements of academic digital libraries in India from January 2011 to December 2019. The resulting typology was divided into five different categories: technological skills, technical skills, information skills, collection development skills, and soft skills. The findings were found to emphasize the skills required for technical services. In addition to technical skills, employers were seeking candidates with basic computer knowledge, Microsoft office skills, website development and designing, database management, and networking skills. Moreover, the findings indicate that good communication skills were most in-demand in job advertisements. Ability to conduct information literacy programs and knowledge of digital resources and skills to build institutional repository are also emphasized in the study.

Adolescence is the transitional phase for mental health promotion since more than half of mental health problems begin during this time, and many of them remain into adulthood. These conditions account for 10-20% of the global disease burden. This impacts the individual's likelihood of having an intellectual disability. According to Ayurveda, acharya Kashyap describes a Kushthadi ghrita prepared with Kushtha (Saussurea lappa), leaf-buds of Vata (Ficus benghalensis), Gauri (yellow mustard) (Sinapis alba), Pippali (Piper longum), Triphala [Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Amalaki (Phyllanthus emblica), Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica)] Vacha (Acorus calamus), and rock-salt which is one of the best drugs for improving mental functions (Nootropic activity). The present paper reviews the indications and uses of Kushthadi ghrita described in Ayurveda texts. Studies published in various journals regarding the evidence of its ingredient effect are also examined. This Kushthadi ghrita drug acts as a Medhya drug and Rasayana, which is beneficial for improving mental functions. Medhya drugs ultimately increase the overall cognitive capacity of the brain, i.e., by increasing perfusion and metabolism and improving the chemical imbalance in the brain. Rasayana drugs supposed to increase all the sharira dhatu. The ingredients of these drugs have Antioxidant, Anxiolytic, Antistress activity, antidepressant, Neuroprotective, and Anti-amnestic Properties, which are supportive for improving mental functions (Nootropic activity).

A novel fabrication of magnetite (Fe

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors that include central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and atherogenic dyslipidemia and is strongly associated with a greater risk for developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using the words metabolic syndrome, definition and pathogenesis in Scopus, and PubMed. The search also extended to cover medicinal plants and their role as a potential treatment of the metabolic syndrome. The search based on studies published in the English language from 1st of January 2000 to 30th of May 2021. The abstracts and the articles were then screened. Articles were scanned and read; further relevant references in the reference lists are also included. RESULTS: Both lifestyle factors and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Recently, MetS have gained significant attention due to the high prevalence of obesity worldwide. Diagnosis of patients with MetS is important to improve the outcomes of the disease by employing lifestyle and risk factors modifications. Currently, there is a rising interest in medicinal plants and their extracts because the medicinal plants have minimal side effects. Here we review the history, definitions, pathogenesis, management of metabolic syndrome and summarize the beneficial effects of some medicinal plants and their extracts on MetS. CONCLUSION: Further research and clinical studies are needed to establish whether medicinal plants can be safely given as potential therapy for metabolic syndrome and whether this can be beneficial in low resources setting countries.

Background: Microglial overactivation promotes the production of various second messengers and inflammatory markers in brain tissue, resulting in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, which may lead to cognitive decline. The cyclic nucleotides are one of the important second messengers involved in the regulation of neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and cognition. The levels of these cyclic nucleotides are maintained by phosphodiesterase enzyme isoforms, particularly PDE4B, in the brain. An imbalance between PDE4B levels and cyclic nucleotides may lead to aggravating neuroinflammation. Methods: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were administered intraperitoneally on alternate days for 7 days at a dose of 500 µg/kg in mice, which triggered systemic inflammation. This may lead to the activation of glial cells and may activate oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers in brain tissue. Furthermore, oral administration of roflumilast (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg) in this model ameliorated oxidative stress markers, neuroinflammation and improved neurobehavioral parameters in these animals. Results: The detrimental effect of LPS increased oxidative stress, AChE enzyme levels, and decreased catalase levels in brain tissues, along with memory impairment in animals. Moreover, it also enhanced the activity and expression of the PDE4B enzyme, resulting in a decline in cyclic nucleotide levels. Furthermore, treatment with roflumilast improved the cognitive decline, decreased AChE enzyme level, and increased the catalase enzyme level. Roflumilast also reduced the PDE4B expression in a dose-dependent manner, which LPS up-regulated. Conclusion: Roflumilast has shown an anti-neuroinflammatory effect and reversed the cognitive decline in LPS-induced mice model.

In the present study, a magnetic nanocomposite based on biochar (BC) derived from sugarcane bagasse, nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), and chitosan (CS) was fabricated to investigate its efficacy for the removal of two widely used pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), namely aspirin (ASA) and carbamazepine (CBZ). The synthesized nanocomposite (BC-CS@nZVI) was characterized using XRD, FTIR, and FESEM-EDX. The Response Surface Methodology–Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) model was used for the optimization of removal efficacies for both drugs using five variables, i.e., adsorbent dose (0.05–0.1 g), pH (2–10), drug concentration (20–40 ppm), time (40–80 min), and temperature (40–60 °C). Under optimized conditions of adsorbent dose: 0.075 g, pH: 2, drug concentration: 30 ppm, time: 60 min, and temperature: 50 °C, the maximum removal efficiency of ASA drug was observed to be 97.8%, while in the case of CBZ drug under similar conditions with pH 6, the maximum removal was found up to 89.32%. The isotherm models revealed that both ASA and CBZ adsorption data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm showing monolayer adsorption. The kinetics of adsorption was well explained by the pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order models in the case of ASA and CBZ, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed the feasibility of the reaction and its spontaneous and exothermic nature. The reusability and efficiency in water samples of the Ha’il region were investigated to demonstrate its potential for practical application.

Education is a process of receiving or giving systematic instruction especially at schools or university. It is the process of facilitating learning or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, value moral belief and personal development. Researcher conducted “A comparative study on the impact of online and offline classes among nursing students in selected college of nursing at district Mandi [H.P]. A quantitative research approach and comparative design was used to assess the impact of online and offline class among the nursing students. Total samples of study were 200 nursing students and convenience sampling technique was used to select the sample. A self-structured questionnaire was prepared to assess the impact of online and offline classes among nursing students. The result of the study shows that 85% nursing students has average impact on online classes and 66% nursing student has good impact on offline classes. There was significant association between the score level and socio -demographic variables with type of previous medium. There is no significance association between the level of score and other demographic variables with any type of psychological health issue. The study concluded that online classes are better than offline classes.

The present study aims to estimate potential of rain water stored from the rooftop and to study water requirement for present day scenario using the geo spatial techniques in Karnal municipal area (Haryana). Rooftop area was digitized using World View – II (0.5m resolution) satellite data. The available rainfall data has been analysed so as to know the rainfall pattern and calculate the Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Potential (RWHP) in Karnal city. A total of 11100 building footprints were digitized (1:1000 scale) and roof top area of 9396122 m2 was found to be available for collecting the rainwater. It was calculated that a potential volume of 5430762.18m3 rainwater will be available on the study area, which is sufficient for toilet flushing in the study area. In this study, we estimated that annually 3140744700 L (57%) of total harvested rain water (5430762183.29 L) can be used in toilet flushing and 43% surplus water could be used for other purposes such as home-grown fruits and vegetables and watering in park.

In the last decade, the whole scientific community has witnessed great advances and progress in the various fields of nanoscience. Among the different nanomaterials, zirconia nanomaterials have found numerous applications as nanocatalysts, nanosensors, adsorbents

Background: Swarnaprashanis a herbo-mineral Ayurveda preparation recommended in pediatric age group to enhance immunity and intellect since antiquity. Numbers of advocates are available for the practice of Swarnaprashanand its utility. Aim & Objective: The current review is aimed to assess the role of Swarnaprashanin children which could potentially have multifaceted benefits. Material and Method: A systematic review was conducted following PRISM ScR guidelines. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) analyzing the role of Swarnaprashanin children and published articles between 2001 to 2022 year were included in this study. Electronic databases were screened viz. PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus. The following keywords were used: “Swarnabinduprashan, Suvarnabinduprashan, Suvarnaprashan, and Swarnaprashana. To obtain additional data a manual search was performed using the reference lists of included articles.Results:Present systematic review reveals the beneficial health effects of Swarnaprashan: a) Immunomodulatory effect b) Effect on ITQOLc) Effect on hematological biochemical parameters/ Assessment of safety d) Effect on cognition e) Effect on growth, developmentand behavior. Conclusion: Present systematic review proves the role of Swarnaprashanain enhancing the cognition, physical growth, development as well as protection against the diseases by enhancing the immunity. There for Swarnaprashancould serve as drug of multimodal action at various levels which could lead complete development of a child.

During the past few years, a large volume of freshwater has been transformed into contaminated water due to anthropogenic activities. For monitoring and tackling the issue of contamination in water, various effective and reasonable methods are available such as titrimetric analysis and chromatography analysis, etc. However, these techniques require a longer time and large sample volumes for the analysis. Therefore, to deal with such problems, a new technology, microfluidic sensing is emerging. Microfluidic sensing is an advanced and cost-effective technique and can perform real-time analysis using a very small quantity of analytes. In this review, different microfluidic technique-based electrochemical and optofluidic sensors have been discussed. Additionally, critical analysis for the implementation of such sensors has been carried out. Among different sensing approaches, the advantages of electrochemical microfluidic devices outweigh that of optical microfluidic sensors.

Today development disabilities are emerging as a new problem of society. While disability is discussed particularly in children, about a quarter of chronic childhood problems are neurological in origin. Disability treatment and management in the world is a big challenge. The Ayurveda medicine (like Vatashamakadrug and Medhya drug) and along with Panchkarma procedures will help at possible level for the rehabilitation towards lives with potential of independence. SamvardhanaGhritis mentioned in the Lehadhyayachapter of the Kashyapa Samhita. It is used to promote healthy growth of child without interferencefrom disease, as well as to improve or treat impaired conditions in children who are Pangu(lame), Muka(dumb), Ashruti(deaf), and Jada(idiot). Aim:To evaluate the efficacy of Samvardhanaghritin the management of childhood disability disorders. Materials and Methods:A literature review was conducted with the help of many important Ayurvedic and Modern textbooks, and article published in various journals. Result and discussion:Present review reveals that the ingredients of SamvardhanaGhrithave action on the brain and nervous system. Further, as the formulation is in ghritform, it can easily cross the blood brain barrier and show its effect. Conclusion:SamvardhanaGhritcan be used for the management of childhood disability disorder. However, additional panchakarma and physiotherapy may provide additional benefit to the patients.

Given the omnipresence and potential of entering the food web, the recently emerged pollutant microplastics (MPs) has become a global threat. The impacts of MPs in marine ecosystems are well documented, but the freshwater environment is relatively understudied. Improper disposal of industrial and commercial waste introduces MPs in the freshwater environment where it is either transported to the ocean or eventually settles down to the bottom. To elicit the impacts on components of fitness, the effect of inert particles on the reproductive and behavioral performance on organisms can only be translated after long-term experiments, but most of the available information on freshwater benthos relies only on short-term experiments. This study investigated the rates of microplastic ingestion, locomotion and reproduction in the globally invasive snail Physa acuta (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) at six environmental concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/200 mL) of polystyrene (PS) MPs particle (size = 32–63µm) for 93 days after maturity. The PS particle ingestion was confirmed by analysis of P. acuta excreta and tissue digestion. P. acuta displayed Type II functional response to MPs. We measured locomotion speed and reproductive rate for 93 days after maturation at 20, 30 and 40 mg/200 mL concentrations of PS MPs equivalent to 500 × 104, 750 × 104 and 1000 × 104 particles/200 mL, respectively. Average locomotion speed and egg capsule production were significantly lower in the MP applied environment than in the control. The percent reduction in ovisac production and egg hatching success were a direct function of MP concentrations in the medium., although, in a natural setup, plastic debris was observed as a frequent oviposition substrate for P. acuta favoring the species in dispersal. The present results point to a higher tolerance of P. acuta to MPs and their role as a vehicle of MP transfer from sediment to fish.

Commercial supplements are dietary supplements that are manufactured products intended to supplement one’s diet in the form of pills, capsules, tablets, powder or liquids. This paper is aimed to assess the attitude, use, reason and impact of commercial supplements among gym members. Today’s youth especially who are going to gym are focused more on appearance and looks due to which prevalence of supplements among them is more. The data were collected using a questionnaire cum interview. A total of 220 respondents belonging to the early adulthood period (19-30 years old age group) were considered for the present study. The method of data collection is based on primary data. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. In the survey it is found that majority of the respondents were consuming commercial supplements among which majority were male respondents, for purpose like maintaining fitness, gaining muscle and losing body fat. More of positive impact was experienced by them than negative impacts. Thus, the study concludes that the respondents had more of positive attitude towards the supplements because negative impacts take time to show up.

An eco-friendly, premium and discerning method was validated for quantifying residue of fipronil and hexythiazox in chilli fruit using GC-ECD and HPLC–DAD, respectively. Within the measured range, all calibration curves exhibited a strong linear relationship (r > 0.99). The approach has a quantification limit of 0.01 mgkg− 1, and its recovery of individual molecules ranged from 81.23 to 91.23% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 3%. Fipronil and hexythiazox dissipate according to first order kinetics with half-life 2.99 and 2.83 days for single dose and 3.93 and 3.1 days for double dose, respectively. A safe holding period of 27 days for formulation and 27 and 19 days each for fipronil and hexythiazox was recommended for safe consumption of chilli considering the FSSAI maximum residual limit (MRL) of 0.01mgkg− 1 for both molecules. RQ

Objectives: Menstrual problems and infertility are the major problems affecting society nowadays. It can occur due to many reasons namely pathology of Garbhashaya, Artavavaha Dhamani, Dushta Artava etc. For the evalu- ation of structural abnormalities, various technologies like USG, HSG, Hormonal assay etc. are available. But no methods were developed yet to check the purity of Artava. In this background, the Vastraranjana concept men- tioned in the context of Shudha Rakta Lakshana can be considered as a useful tool for diagnosing Artava Dushti. The practicality of this Pareeksha if proved it envisages a new and simple diagnostic tool in Ayurveda. Methods- Menstrual blood samples-stained cotton clothes were washed, and changes were noted. Results- Dushita Artava was found to be causing a stain on the cloth. Conclusion- Changes in the character of Dosha produces Soshana Vidaha Ghanatha etc. of Artava which involve a change in pH, viscosity like elements creating a stain on the cloth. Keywords: Artava Pareeksha, Vastra Ranjana, Menstrual Cycle