Search

Number of captured birds (and number of recaptures), number of individual birds with intact seeds, number of individual birds with more than 10 pollen grains and number of individual birds with both intact seeds and pollen grains. Birds were captured with mist nets, operating for five consecutive hours after sunrise on each sampling day on two Galápagos Islands (SC = San Cristóbal and SX = Santa Cruz).; Intra- and inter-layer edge weights for each bird species captured on the islands of San Cristóbal (top) and Santa Crux (bottom). ; Sampling effort (i.e. number of nets multiplied by the number of hours) and number of captured birds with mist nets, operating for five consecutive hours after sunrise on each sampling day, from March 2010 to February 2011, on two Galápagos Islands (San Cristóbal and Santa Cruz).; Generalised linear mixed model testing if multilayer versatility is influenced by species abundances in Galápagos birds. This analysis considered Geospiza fuliginosa as an outlier and was compared with Fig. 4 (Abundance plot) to check if the outlier effect influenced the positive relationship between versatility and abundance.

Climatic conditions changing over time and space shape the evolution of organisms at multiple levels, including temperate lizards in the family Lacertidae. Here we reconstruct a dated phylogenetic tree of 262 lacertid species based on a supermatrix relying on novel phylogenomic datasets and fossil calibrations. Diversification of lacertids was accompanied by an increasing disparity among occupied bioclimatic niches, especially in the last 10 Ma, during a period of progressive global cooling. Temperate species also underwent a genome-wide slowdown in molecular substitution rates compared to tropical and desert-adapted lacertids. Evaporative water loss and preferred temperature are correlated with bioclimatic parameters, indicating physiological adaptations to climate. Tropical, but also some populations of cool-adapted species experience maximum temperatures close to their preferred temperatures. We hypothesize these species-specific physiological preferences may constitute a handicap to prevail under rapid global warming, and contribute to explaining local lizard extinctions in cool and humid climates. © 2019, The Author(s).

A technique for the accurate computation of the time domain electromagnetic fields radiated by a charged distribution traveling along an arbitrarily shaped waveguide region is presented. Based on the transformation (by means of the standard Fourier analysis) of the time-varying current density of the analyzed problem to the frequency domain, the resulting equivalent current is further convolved with the dyadic electric and magnetic Green's functions. Moreover, we show that only the evaluation of the transverse magnetic modes of the structure is required for the calculation of fields radiated by particles traveling in the axial direction. Finally, frequency domain electric and magnetic fields are transformed back to the time domain, just obtaining the total fields radiated by the charged distribution. Furthermore, we present a method for the computation of the wakefields of arbitrary cross-section uniform waveguides from the resulting field expressions. Several examples of charged particles moving in the axial direction of such waveguides are included., The authors would like to thank ESA/ESTEC for having cofunded this research activity through the Network Partnering Initiative program and through the project "Multipactor Analysis in Planar Transmission Lines" (contract 20841/08/NL/GLC). We also are grateful to the Spanish government and the local Council of Murcia for their support through the projects CICYT Ref. TEC2010-21520-C04-04 and SENECA Ref. 08833/PI/08, respectively.

Propósito: El propósito de esta investigación fue realizar un estudio in vitro del sellado marginal de 80 incrustaciones de resina compuesta cementadas con resina compuesta fluida utilizando un sistema adhesivo autograbante (Go!, SDI, Australia) y un sistema adhesivo con grabado ácido total (Stae, SDI, Australia). Método: Las piezas dentarias restauradas fueron puestas en una estufa a 37ºC y 100% de humedad relativa durante 48 horas para simular las condiciones bucales. Luego fueron sometidas a termociclado, en una solución de azul de metileno al 1%. Posteriormente las muestras fueron cortadas en sentido vestíbulo lingual o palatino, para ser observadas bajo un microscopio óptico, para evaluar la interfase diente restauración midiendo los porcentajes de filtración para ambos grupos. Resultados: Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante el t-test de Student obteniéndose diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos estudiados. Conclusión: Todos los cuerpos de prueba presentaron algún grado de filtración marginal, sin embargo el grupo que utilizó un sistema adhesivo autograbante demostró tener valores significativamente mayores de filtración que el grupo que utilizó el sistema convencional. Aim: The purpose of this research was to study the marginal sealing in 80 composite resin inlay, bonded with flow composite resin using a Self-etch fluid (Go!, SDI, Australia) versus a total-etching system (Stae, SDI, Australia). Method: The samples were placed in an oven at 37ºC and 100% humidity for 48 hours, after which the samples were thermocycled in a methylene blue 1% solution. This cycle was repeated 80 times. The samples were cut transversally, the restorations were observed trough an optical microscope to calculate the percentage of filtration in relation to the total length of the cavity to the axial wall. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by Student t-test. And there were significant differences in the marginal leakage. The group that used a Self-etch adhesive system showed significantly higher marginal leakage values than the group that used the conventional system. Conclusion: All the samples showed some degree of marginal leakage, but the group using a self-etching adhesive system showed marginal leakage values significantly higher than the group using the conventional one.

Estudiamos la epidemiología de las fracturas de la extremidad distal del radio en el área de salud de Badajoz atendidos en urgencias del Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina que cubre una población de 237.732 habitantes mayores de 15 años, entre Noviembre de 2003 a Octubre de 2004. Se recogieron los datos de edad, sexo, lateralidad, antecedentes personales, lugar donde ocurrió la fractura, mecanismo de producción. El número total fue de 379, de las que 250 (66%) se produjeron en mujeres. La incidencia en hombres fue de 12,5 por 10000 y en la mujeres de 23,5 por 10.000. La edad media fue de 57 años. El lado más afectado fue el izquierdo con 210 (55,6%), 169 (43%) el derecho y 6 (1,3%) bilaterales. Las enfermedades concomitantes más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial, la enfermedad neurológica y la diabetes. Un 12,9% de los pacientes seguía o tenía algún tipo de tratamiento contra la osteoporosis. La caída casual o deportiva fueron las causas más frecuentes. Hubo una mayor incidencia en los meses de verano. The epidemiology of distal radius fracture has being studied in Badajoz and its sanitary area during November 2003 to October 2004. The population over 15 years old of this area was 237.732. Age, sex, side, comorbility, mechanism of production were studied. Total number was 379, of which 260 (66%) were in women. The annual incidence was 23.5 per 10000 in women and 12.5 in men per 10.000 inhabitant. The median age was 57. The left side was affected in 210 cases and the right in 169, and bilateral in 6. Arterial hypertension, neurological diseases and diabetes were the most frequent associated diseases. Some form of osteoporosis treatment was taken by 12. 9% . Casual and sport falls were the most frequent mechanism. Most of fractures occur during summer.

Studies dealing with interactions between vertebrate frugivores and fleshy-fruited plants have focused on the selective role of vertebrates upon fruit or plant traits (l.e., dispersal syndromes), assuming that these systems are coevolved (Howe & Estabrook. 1977. Herrera. 1981)., We thank many friends for helping us during the fieldwork and laboratory analysis but we would specially like to mention L. Hernández and M. González, P. Jordano offered valuable advice during the planning of this study, as well as during data analysis and interpretation. R. Sallabanks, P. Joprdano, D. Levey, J. Lovett-Doust, and an anonymous referee revised the manuscript and gave very valuable suggestions. Meterorological data were provided by Instituto Nacional de Meteorología (Canarias Occidentales). We are also grateful to J. Vega for permission to work on Teno bajo. Part of this investigation was supported by the Dirección General de Universidades e Investigación del Gobierno de Canarias, grant 93/150.

The first data on aspects of the reproductive biology of D. m. canariensis on Tenerife and D. m. thanneri on Gran Canaria, based on the observation of 11 nests in the island of Gran Canaria and 14 on Tenerife, are presented. All the clutches found on Gran Canaria had 5 eggs (n=5), while on Tenerife the number was 4 or 5 (x= 4,5; n= 6). The low breeding success of both subspecies is noteworthy (30% in D. m. thanneri and 40% in D. m. canariensis) with respect to other continental subspecies.

In this paper we present a new case of the scarcely known phenomenon of fruigivory by the Rabbit. A total of 1,843 seeds of Plocama pendula (Rubiaceae), an endemic species of the Canary Islands, were found in an analysis of 1.200 faeces collected in three different zones of a ravine located on Tenerife island (inverbed, hillside and slopiong zone). The external damage produced by rabbits upon the seeds was relatively low (16% of broken seeds) and significant differences in germination percentage were found when comparing with control seeds collected on the plants (plants: 66.5% vs rabbits: 34.5%). Furthermore, seeds from plants germinated significantly earlier than those from rabbit's droppings. This experiment was performed over two months. In terms of frecuency of seed occurrences, the highest value was found in the riverbed (77.5%), decreasing gradually away from this habitat (16.4% on hillside and 6.1% in the sloping zone). Furthermore it is in the riverbed where the species reaches the highest density of plants. This is a clear case where and introduced hervibore is interacting with the seed dispersal system together with the native frugivore species (lizards and warblers)., We are grateful to Luisa Hernández and Mercedes González for helping us to collect and to analyze the droppings, Pedro Jordano, José Guitián and an anonymous referee who made helpful comments that improved the manuscript, and Mr. Jesús Vega for permission to work on Teno Bajo. Part of this investigation was supported by Dirección General de Universidades e Investigación del Gobierno de Canarias, grant 93/150.

This work presents a new rigorous investigation of corona effects in microstrip components. To carry out the investigation, a new software tool has been developed. The new tool first calculates the electromagnetic fields in complex microstrip structures using a Volume Integral Equation (VIE) formulation. Novel numerical techniques have been incorporated in the VIE to increase the accuracy during the computation of the electromagnetic fields. This includes novel techniques introduced to treat the singularities of the Green's functions. Once the electromagnetic fields are computed accurately, corona effects in the relevant structures are investigated. For this, a numerical solution of the free electron density continuity equation has been implemented.The new software developed has been used, for the first time,in the study of corona effects in the neighborhood of coaxial to microstrip transitions, containing flat ribbons. Numerical results are validated through measurements, showing the accuracy of the developed models.