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Additional file 1: Figure S1. Physiological characteristics of old mice exposed to the three treatments. Figure S2. Physiological characteristics of very old mice transplanted with microbiota from control, very old, and young mice. Figure S3. Immune profile of FMT mice. Figure S4. Correlation analysis between microbial clusters and DEGs in the colon tissue.

Lead-free ferroelectrics and piezoelectrics are important components for smart infor- mation and digital technologies. To expand the unchartered material space of these polar materials, tuning their compositional complexity via multicomponent alloy- ing allows us access to enhanced polar properties for chosen compositions by precise engineering and design. In this study, using first-principles density-functional (per- turbation) theory calculations and modern machine learning methods, we investigate the impact of isovalent A-site alloying in lead-free potassium niobate (KNO) alloys. We consider various alloy compositions of KNO and examine their mixing thermo- dynamics and associated polar properties. To establish specific structure-property design rules for improved polarity, the recently developed Sure Independence Screen- ing Sparsifying Operator (SISSO) method is employed to extract key features that capture the essential physics of the A-site driven polarization in the binary alloys. Us- ing a new metric of “agreement” via feature-assisted regression and classification, we further extend our SISSO model to predict A-site driven polarization in multicompo- nent KNO-based alloys for different alloy compositions, reducing our prediction errors to 1 %. By establishing a feature-derived polarity-composition map, we predict (and validate) that these multicomponent KNO-based alloys can offer up to 25 % boosting in A-site driven polarization and achieving more than 150 % of the total polarization in pristine KNO. This study offers a design-based breakthrough in the development of lead-free multicomponent polar oxides for niche information technologies such as ferroelectric random access memory and piezoelectric energy converters.

Supplementary Material, Supplementary_Figure_1 for In vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity of silymarin on oral cancer by Dong-HoonWon, Lee-Han Kim, Boonsil Jang, In-Hyoung Yang, Hye-Jeong Kwon, Bohwan Jin, Seung Hyun Oh, Ju-Hee Kang, Seong-Doo Hong, Ji-Ae Shin and Sung-Dae Cho in Tumor Biology

Wireless sensor netwo rk has a wide range of applications in vario us fields, extending rapidly its area due to the development of technologies both in sensor and IT. However, technology of efficient battery energy utilization cannot catch up with the rapidly developing technology in releva nt fields. Therefore, energy efficiency becomes the critical factor in wireless sensor networks that requires more attention. Clustering technology is emerging as a promising method to solve efficient energy utilization problem and various cluster-head selection techniques are now under research. This paper suggests an energy efficient cluster-head selection algorithm considering the optimal number of cluster-heads and transmission energy. Our proposed scheme selects cluster-head by computing communi cation cost in probability by adopting distance between base station and n odes to assure an o ptimal number of clusters for a given wireless sensor network. With rapidly increasing amount of information produced by the Internet users along with the constant information technology development, clustering methods are gaining more importance. Clustering technology classifies a given data into significant subgroups, minimizes energy consumption, and maximizes the life span of a network by using limited resources efficiently in various fields such as data analysis, visualization, compression, and data processing. The important goal of clustering technology research is t o extend the l ife span o f a network by distributing energy consumption fairly among all nodes. Among many clustering approaches to extend the life span of a network there are two typical methods, now under research, a cluster-head selection and optimization of the number of cluster-heads or clusters. The typical head selection methods include LEACH-C (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy-Centralized) (1), EACHS (Energy Adaptive Cluster-head Selection) (2), HEED (Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed Clustering) (3). But, LEACH- C requires a big initial cost for hardware and EACHS bears a trans mission cost to acknowledge a quantity of energy, while HEED has no guarantee on the number of cluster-heads. This research suggests the energy efficient cluster-head selection technique (EECHS), an efficient header selection algorithm that takes into account the optimal number of cluster-heads and the transmission energy. E ECHS adopts distance in formation between a n ode and base station (BS) as communication cost to ensure the optimal number of clusters. A proposed cluster-head selection method operates by computing communication cost as internal information probability to save overall communication or transmission energy. The rest of this paper consists of following chapters. Chapter 2 d escribes related cluster header selection techniques and examines HEED, the basis of selection method for EECHS, in more detail. Chapter 3 explains the cluster-head selection technique of EECHS, Chapter 4 identifies performance of EECHS whose technique suggested through analysis on the test result using a simulator, and Chapter 5 deduces a conclusion.

In order to handle complex tasks in hard-to-reach environments, small-scale robots have to possess suitable dexterous and untethered control capabilities. The fabrication and manipulation of soft, small-scale grippers complying to these requirements is now made possible by advances in material science and robotics. In this paper, we use soft, small-scale grippers to demonstrate pick-and-place tasks. The precise remote control is obtained by altering both the magnetic field gradient and the temperature in the workspace. This allows us to regulate the position and grasping configuration of the soft thermally-responsive hydrogel-nanoparticle composite magnetic grippers. The magnetic closed-loop control achieves precise localization with an average region-of-convergence of the gripper of 0.12±0.05 mm. The micro-sized payload can be placed with a positioning error of 0.57±0.33 mm. The soft grippers move with an average velocity of 0.72±0.13 mm/s without a micro-sized payload, and at 1.09±0.07 mm/s with a micro-sized payload.

Recently, many new concepts have been developed for humancomputer interaction interface. XBOX, was introduced my Microsoft, is a game device with console interface. Kinect is a low-cost device which supports multiple speakers, microphone, RGB camera, depth camera for voice recognition, motion recognition. At the beginning Kinect was developed for XBOX, then it was supported various functions for Window system. In this paper, we propose a window system interface based using Kinect voice and motion recognition. Instead of using mouse or keyboard, users can easily control the computer by their voice and motion, especially hand gestures. In additional, we develop a voice recognition system for Kinect. With the voice recognition system, Kinect not only can recognize words or command, but also sentences. Also, we construct a registration system to add new voice/sentences from users.

Metastasis is a critical event in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and closely correlates with clinical outcome. We previously showed that the farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336 has antitumor activities in HNSCC by inducing the secretion of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), which in turn inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis. In our study, we found that SCH66336 at a sublethal dose for HNSCC inhibited the migration and invasion of HNSCC cells. The inhibitory effect of SCH66336 was associated with the blockade of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathway via suppressing IGF-1R itself and Akt expression. Consistent with previous work, induction of IGFBP-3 by SCH66336 also contributed in part to the anti-invasive effect. SCH66336 treatment also reduced the expression and activity of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), both important regulators of tumor metastasis. The effect of SCH66336 on uPA activity was inhibited partly by knockdown of IGFBP-3 using small interfering RNA. The inhibitory effect of SCH66336 on migration or invasion was attenuated partly or completely by knockdown of IGFBP-3, Akt or IGF-1R expression, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the IGF-1R pathway plays a major role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of HNSCC cells, suggesting that therapeutic obstruction of the IGF-1R pathway would be a useful approach to treating patients with HNSCC.

Recently, many researches of various fields that used a ubiquitous sensor network are going on. Specially, various experiment had a function of monitoring without human is preceded in the environmental fields where access of a person is difficult. For example, in Korea, various pilot u-city projects are driven by nation. This paper designed a service as it used a wireless sensor network to measure and monitor environmental information in the campus.

Continuous efforts have been doing for simpler and easier interface for human with rapid development of computer technology and its wider use. At present, various voice synthesizing systems and voice recognition systems are commercially available as the result of such an efforts to implements voice synthesizing system and recognition system upon conclusion voice to be the most suitable interface for human and the computer interaction. Among them, voice synthesizing systems have been developed in the form of TTS (Text-to-Speech) domestically, and provide users more convenient interface medium. In this paper, we implement Korean language TTS system with much more improved naturalness in synthesized voice based on MBROLA, an Open source project, which reads Hangeul text file, and selects Pronouncing syllable by searching pronouncing dictionary DB, then extracts rhythm and length information in a series of intonation rule.