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The stable cooling system is an important system for a stable operation of the RF cavity. The new RF cavity system was installed in the Siam Photon Source (SPS) in 2016. The new cavity is kept running with 42-degree Celsius water cooling system. There were several problems with the cooling system during one-year operation. The main problem is the heat accumulate in the system. The activities to decrease this accumulated heat in the cooling unit is in progress. The study to decrease the cooling temperature is also started. Decreasing water temperature will prolong operation of water cooling unit and help a bit of reducing electricity consumption. The activities are concerned the changing position of tuner to get the operation frequency with the temperature changing. The cavity is a capacitive loaded type and is tuned by changing the capacitor gap. This deforms shape of the cavity, which affects the higher order mode (HOM) frequencies. The study of these HOMs with the temperature and the effect to the stored beam will be presented.

The MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden, houses two electron storage rings operating at the energies 1.5, and 3 GeV. Both of these produce high-brilliance synchrotron radiation for beamline users. While the 1.5 GeV storage ring is a conventional third generation storage ring, employing a double-bend achromat structure, the MAX IV 3 GeV ring is the first realised fourth generation synchrotron. This ring employs a 7-bend achromat lattice structure to achieve a horizontal emittance of a few hundred pmrad. The multi-bend achromat design is the basis for many fourth generation synchrotron light sources. These lattice designs often require strong non-linear magnets in order to achieve their desired performance in terms of momentum acceptance and dynamic aperture, which in turn is needed to achieve the requirements in terms of beam lifetime and injection efficiency. The MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring itself is no exception, as it has a large number of chromatic sextupoles designed to minimize quadratic chromaticity. It also employs largely harmonic octupoles to minimise the amplitude-dependent tune shifts. Because of the high requirements of the fourth generation storage rings' non-linear magnets, it is of general interest to find schemes which allow for accurate tuning of these elements, as well as the characterisation of the non-linear optics of the accelerator. Schemes of these types are already well established when dealing with the linear optics of a storage ring, and need now be developed further for the non-linear case. This thesis presents schemes and results regarding the characterisation, correction, and optimisation of the non-linear optics of the MAX IV storage rings. These studies are mainly focussed on the MAX IV 3 GeV ring, but are aimed to be general enough that they can be applied on most fourth or third generation storage rings. This thesis also presents a specific case of the non-linear dynamics of a storage ring, where its properties are used to achieve pseudo single bunch through transverse resonance island buckets.

Following the successful operation of the Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) in the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring, we plan to introduce a similar device in the MAX IV 1.5 GeV ring. In order to assess the effectiveness of such device and to define its working parameters, we performed a series of studies aimed at understanding the beam dynamics related to the injection process. In this paper we describe the optimization of the MIK working parameters, we study the resilience to tune shifts for a chosen injection scheme and illustrate some tests conducted to evaluate the ring acceptance. We conclude with remarks about the effects of magnet errors on key performance parameters such as the injection efficiency and perturbations to the size and divergence of the stored beam and a brief discussion on future work., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

At MAX IV Laboratory, the Swedish Synchrotron Radiation (SR) facility, the largest of two rings operates at 3 GeV with a bare lattice emittance of 330 pm rad. Upgrade plans are under consideration aiming at a gradual reduction of the emittance, in three stages: a short-term with an emittance reduction of 20% to 40%, a mid-term with an emittance reduction of more than 50% and a long-term with an emittance in the range of the diffraction limit for hard X-rays (10 keV). In this paper we focus on the short-term case, resuming previous work on a proposed lattice that can reach 270 pm rad emittance, with only minor modifications to the gradients of the magnets of the present ring, i.e. without any hardware changes and all within the present power supply limits. Linear lattice characterisation and calculations of key performance parameters, such as dynamic aperture and momentum aperture with errors, are described and compared to the present operating lattice. Experimental tests of injection into this lattice are also shown., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

Följande studie är skriven på svenska och behandlar fenomenet distansledarskap samt hur det skiljer sig mot ett ledarskap utan fysiskt avstånd. Studien tar reda på hur de arbetar med tillit och kommunikation samt hur förhållandet mellan kontroll och autonomi ser ut, när arbetet sker på distans. Studiens empiriska material består av 12st semistrukturerade intervjuer. Samtliga respondenter är svenska chefer som kommer från tre olika branscher, socialtjänsten, energi- samt rekryterings/bemanningsbranschen. Studiens resultat visar att chefers förutsättningar för att bedriva distansarbete skiljer sig åt inom olika organisationer. Det går att utläsa hur autonomi ses som viktigare än kontroll när arbetet sker på distans. Vidare presenteras en god tillit och kommunikation som viktiga aspekter i ett distansledarskap. Hur chefer går tillväga för att skapa denna tillit och hur de arbetar med kommunikationen på distans skiljer sig åt, och det är svårt att presentera en lösning som fungerar i alla organisationer. En enhetlig bild som skapas är att majoriteten av respondenterna föredrar en frekvent kommunikation när arbetet sker på distans. The following study is written in Swedish and deals with the phenomenon of distance leadership and how it differs from leadership in the proximal environment. The study explores how managers work with trust and communication and how the relationship between control and autonomy looks like, when work is managed remotely. The empirical material of the study consists of 12 semi-structured interviews. All respondents were Swedish managers who came from three different industries, these industries consisted of social services, energy and recruitment / staffing industries. The study's findings show that managers' conditions for conducting telework differ between organizations. It is possible to extract how autonomy is seen as a more important tool than control when the work is done at a distance. Furthermore, good trust and communication are presented as important aspects in the remote work environment. How managers go about creating trust and how they work with communication at a distance differs, and it is difficult to present a solution that works in all organizations. A unified image that we can present however, is that a majority of the respondents prefer frequent communication when remote work is present.

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Under ekonomiska konjunkturcykler är sambandet mellan grundläggande makroekonomiska variabler och aktiemarknadens avkastning högst intressant att undersöka. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur aktiepriser på den svenska- och amerikanska aktiemarknaden påverkas av relevanta makroekonomiska faktorer under tidsperioden 1970–2021. Genom ko-integrationstest, Vector Error Correction modeller och kausalitetstest på årsdata finner vi signifikanta resultat för att den svenska aktiemarknaden divergerar från jämvikt av en chock i penningmängd. För den amerikanska aktiemarknaden finner vi fler signifikanta resultat och att en chock i statsskulden skapar en divergerande effekt i fjärde laggen men en konvergerande effekt i andra. För att fördjupa undersökningen genomförs en bivariat analys för att undersöka hur aktiepriser påverkas av BNP som en indikation på ekonomisk tillväxt och även hur aktiepriser påverkas av lång och kort ränta som en konjunkturindikator. Resultaten varierar för Sverige och USA. Det kausala sambandet mellan aktiepris och BNP visar att aktiepris påverkar BNP för Sverige. För USA finner vi däremot inga signifikanta resultat gällande det kausala sambandet. För sambandet mellan amerikanskt aktiepris mot kort och lång ränta så visade det sig att kort ränta orkar divergens mot jämvikt för aktiemarknaden. För Sverige påvisade resultaten att kort ränta orsakar konvergens och lång ränta divergens vid en chock i aktiemarknaden. During economic cycles, the relationship between fundamental macroeconomic variables and stock market returns is highly interesting to examine. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how share prices in the Swedish and American stock markets are affected by relevant macroeconomic factors during the period 1970–2021. Through co-integration tests, Vector Error Correction models and causality tests on annual data, we find significant results for the Swedish stock market to diverge from equilibrium by a shock in the money supply. For the US stock market, we find more significant variables and a result that a shock in the central government debt creates a divergent effect in the fourth layer but a converging effect in the second. To deepen the survey, a bivariate analysis is carried out to examine how share prices are affected by GDP as an indication of economic growth and how share prices are affected by long-term and short-term interest rates as a business cycle indicator. The results vary for Sweden and the USA. The causal relationship between share price and GDP shows that share price affects GDP for Sweden. For the United States, however, we find no significant results regarding the causal relationship. For the relationship between the US share price against short and long interest rates, it turned out that short interest rates can withstand divergence towards equilibrium for the stock market. For Sweden, the results showed that short-term interest rates cause convergence and long-term interest rate divergence in the event of a shock in the stock market.

Climate change and the policy responses to it have implications in terms of (in)justice. Research in fields such as political ecology and environmental justice emphasizes the importance of policy-making addressing and responding to climate injustices. It, moreover, stresses that democratic engagement is imperative, since no universal agreement on the meaning of “justice” exists. Democratic engagement on climate (in)justice is, however, hampered by the predominance of technocratic policy frames. Considering this, knowledge of ways to promote democratic engagement is called for. This study develops such knowledge related to policy-making for climate change adaptation and resilience at the local level, in developed country contexts. Specifically, it draws on the “what’s the problem represented to be?” approach to conceptualize different styles of democratic engagement and examine the possibilities and limitations of each. From the data, comprised of previous research, representations of three styles of democratic engagement are identified and analyzed: (1) closure-oriented engagement centered on changing behaviors, (2) closure-oriented engagement centered on changing the systemic production of unjust practices, and (3) disruptive engagement centered on changing the systemic production of unjust practices. The contributions of this study are relevant to researchers, policymakers, activists and others interested in how to promote a democratization of climate policy-making.

Samhällets beroende av fossila bränslen leder till en varmare atmosfär och högre havsnivåer. För att bromsa utvecklingen måste utsläppen minska. En lösning är att implementera förnybara elproduktionsanläggningar och energilagring i större utsträckning. Då Sveriges vattenkraftsutbyggnad har stannat av de senaste 30 åren behövs en implementering av andra förnybara metoder, i kombination med den redan utbyggda vattenkraften, för att förse framtidens elbehov. För arbetet ligger fyra olika orter med redan installerade vattenkraftverk i fokus, nämligen Fredriksberg, Hällefors, Grythyttan och Sävenfors. Syftet med arbetet är att se hur man kan integrera solcellsanläggningar med och utan batterienergilagring i redan installerade vattenkraftsystem för energiproduktion i mindre lokala elnät. Målet med arbetet är indelat i två olika delmål. Det första målet är att få fram hur stora solcellsanläggningar som är implementerbara i mindre orter utifrån ett ekonomiskt perspektiv, det vill säga hur stor kapacitet som är möjligt att installera samtidigt som anläggningen är ekonomiskt lönsam. Det andra delmålet är att få fram hur stor del av orternas egna elbehov som kan täckas med vattenkraft, solceller och med eller utan batterilagring. En modell för systemet byggdes i Simulink, där vattenkraften antogs producera kontinuerligt över året vid vissa tider på dygnet. En känslighetsanalys gjordes på solcellsanläggningarnas ekonomiska lönsamhet vid olika framtidsscenarier gällande elprisutveckling i Sverige fram till år 2050. Resultat från simuleringar visar på att orterna får olika hög grad ekonomisk lönsamhet vid olika mängd installerad kapacitet solceller. Generellt ger ett högre elbehov och ett lägre förhållande mellan producerad el från vattenkraft och elbehov ekonomisk möjlighet att installera större solcellsanläggningar. Gällande de olika framtidsscenarierna finns det vissa scenarier som kan förlänga solcellsanläggningarnas återbetalningstid. Ett scenario, med stor implementering av småskalig förnybar energi i Sverige, medför att mindre kapacitet solceller bör installeras för att garantera ekonomisk säkerhet för investeringen. Batterilagring bidrar till ett ökat försett behov då det finns ett överskott på producerad el från solcellerna. Andelen egenförsett behov ökar dock mer på orter där vattenkraften är mindre dominerande. Det kan bero på att det finns fler tillfällen då det kan förse ett elbehov på orten, vilket vattenkraften annars tagit över i andra orter. En viktig grundpelare till att batterilagringen inte resulterar i en ekonomisk förlust är multifunktionen att förse eget behov och vara kopplad till en stödtjänst. Stödtjänsten är en uppreglering av nätets frekvensvariation vilket behöver prioriteras över stora delar av dygnet. Över de tre olika orterna resulterade förhållandet installerad MWp solceller genom MWh batterier på cirka 3. Society's dependency on fossil fuels leads to a warmer atmosphere and rising sea levels. Emission levels need to be reduced to slow down this development. One solution is to implement renewable energy and renewable energy storage systems on a wider scale. Sweden’s expansion of hydro power has come to a stop 30 years ago, which leads the focus to other methods of renewable energy generation in combination with the already built hydro power plants for future energy supply. This work focuses on already built-in hydro power plants in smaller communities as Fredriksberg, Hällefors, Grythyttan and Sävenfors. The scope of this work is to investigate the possibilities of integrating photovoltaic systems, with and without battery energy storage, in operating hydro power plants in smaller local grids. The goal of this work is divided into two sub-goals. The first sub-goal is to find out what size of photovoltaic systems can be implemented in smaller communities from an economic perspective, that is, how much capacity is possible to install at the same time as the plant is economically profitable. The other sub-goal is to find out how much of the communities’ own electrical demands are covered with hydro power, photovoltaics and with or without battery energy storage. A model was built in Simulink, where the hydro power was assumed to produce electricity continuously throughout the year at certain times of the day. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the profitability of the photovoltaic systems using different scenarios for the future electrical price in Sweden until the year of 2050. Results from the simulations show that different communities have different degrees of profitability for varying capacities of photovoltaics. A higher electricity demand and a lower ratio between produced electricity from hydro power and electricity demand provides financial opportunities to install larger capacities of photovoltaic systems. Regarding the future price scenarios, there are some scenarios that will prolong the photovoltaics payback-time. One scenario, with a great implementation of small-scale renewable systems, results in a recommendation to install lower capacities of photovoltaics to ensure financial security on the investment. Battery energy storage contributes to increased provided demands because of the surplus electricity produced from the photovoltaics. The proportion of provided demands is increasing more in communities where hydro power is less available. It can be a result of opportunities where the hydro usually is providing needs in those timeframes in other communities. An important pillar in the positive result of the economy of battery energy storage is its multifunction to supply demands and provide a support service, where the service of regulating frequency on the main grid needs to be prioritized over large parts of the day. The ratio between installed MWp photovoltaics and MWh battery energy storage resulted in approximately three across three different communities.

Bostadsrättsföreningen Bladet i Bergshamra, Solna, installerade år 2019 solceller på taken till sina fem fastigheter. Dessa har nu varit i bruk i ett och ett halvt år och det finns driftdata att tillgå. Projektets syfte är att analysera och utvärdera investeringen utifrån denna driftdata och modellera tänkbara scenarier för framtiden för investeringens lönsamhet. En del av problemformuleringen som ställdes upp var även att undersöka hur länge de nuvarande solcellerna skulle förbli gynnsamma för föreningen eller om ett byte till nyare solceller, med högre verkningsgrad, skulle vara ett bättre alternativ efter avskrivningsperioden. En litteraturstudie genomfördes för att få en bättre förståelse kring ämnet, där bland annat solinstrålning, effektivisering, skattesubventioner, elprisutveckling, energiprestanda och hållbarhetsaspekter undersöktes. Gemensamt elavtal presenteras även, vilket är någonting som föreningen har bestämt sig för att genomföra under 2021. Baserat på den litteraturstudie som genomfördes och det data som fanns att tillgå från driftåret kunde olika modeller tas fram för hur informationen skulle användas för att modellera framtida ekonomiska aspekten av solcellsanläggningen. Olika parametrar som varierades och ställdes mot varandra var elpris, elproduktion från solcellerna, solstrålning och elanvändning. De ekonomiska aspekterna av solcellsanläggning modellerades även, huvudsakligen genom användning av internräntemetoden och paybackmetoden. Resultatet som togs fram var att återbetalningstiden för de installerade solcellerna blir 14 år, och gemensamhetsavtalet kommer få en återbetalningstid på runt två och ett halvt år. Efter gemensamhetsavtalet är infört kommer solcellernas återbetalningstid minska något genom ökad egenanvändning av solelen, och den totala återbetalningstiden kommer gå ner till 8 år sammanlagt. Byte till nya solceller konstaterades även inte vara gynnsamt för föreningen innan de nuvarande solcellernas livslängd är slut på grund av att kostnaden för de nya solcellerna kommer överstiga besparingarna som skulle ha gjorts med de äldre. Föreningen skulle därför inte tjäna pengar på en ny solcellsinvestering förrän 25 år efter bytet. Slutsatsen som togs fram var att föreningen bör behålla sina nuvarande solceller till slutet av deras livslängd och sedan undersöka kostnaderna för installation av en ny anläggning med en högre verkningsgrad. The housing cooperative Bladet in Bergshamra, Solna, installed solar panels in 2019 on the roofs of the five properties. These have been in use for a year and a half and there is operational data available. The purpose of the project is to analyse and evaluate the investment based on operational data and make possible scenarios for the future of the investment’s profitability. The problem definition was to investigate how long the current solar panels would be favourable for the housing cooperative, or whether a change to newer solar panels, with higher efficiency, would be a better alternative after the depreciation period. A literature study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the subject, where, among other things, solar irradiance, efficiency, tax subsidies, electricity price development, energy performance and sustainability aspects were reviewed. A joint electricity agreement is also presented, which is something the housing cooperative has decided to implement during 2021. Based on the literature study that was conducted and the data available from the operating year, different models could be developed for how the information should be used to model the future economic aspects of the photovoltaic system. Different parameters that were varied and set against each other were electricity price, electricity production from the solar panels, solar radiation and electricity use. The economic aspects of the photovoltaic system were also modelled, mainly through using the method of internal rate of return and the payback method. The result was that the repayment period for the installed solar panels will be 14 years, and the joint electricity agreement will have a repayment period of two and a half years. After the joint electricity agreement is introduced, the repayment period for the solar panels will decrease through increased self-use of the electricity from the solar cells, and the total repayment period will decrease to 8 years in total. An exchange to new solar panels was also found not to be favourable for the cooperative before the life of the current solar panels ends because the cost of the new panels will exceed the savings that would have been made with the old ones. The cooperative would therefore not benefit from the exchange until after 25 years. The conclusion reached was that the cooperative should keep the current solar panels until the end of their lifespan and then examine the cost of installing a new facility with higher efficiency

För att vara konkurrenskraftiga på marknaden tvingas företag utveckla nya strategier för produktutveckling, som kan anpassas till allt högre kundbehov. Syftet med detta arbete var att effektivisera produktutvecklingen för företag inom tillverkningsindustrin. Målet var att utveckla en effektiv arbetsprocess för produktutveckling samt att tillämpa processen på ett projekt, där ett helautomatiskt snabbfäste till mindre hjullastare skulle standardiseras till företaget OilQuick.Examensarbetet delades in i två delar. Den första delen behandlar skapandet av arbetsprocessen. Denna grundas i befintlig forskning och identifierades genom en litteraturstudie. Den andra delen behandlar tillämpning av arbetsprocessen på standardiseringen av snabbfästet till hjullastare. Data och kunskap till arbetet samlades in genom marknadsundersökningar, studiebesök, möten med kunder och Reverse Engineering. Kundkraven rangordnades med Best-worst metoden och översattes till tekniska produktegenskaper med Kvalitetshuset.Tre koncept genererades i Autodesk Inventor utifrån kraven och produktegenskaperna, samt datan som framkom av Reverse Engineering och marknadsundersökningen. Enligt kundkravet behövde det färdiga snabbfästet passa minst fyra olika hjullastarmodeller i viktklassen fem till åtta ton. Detta medförde att alla tre koncepten modulbaserades, både för att underlätta eventuella modifikationer mellan hjullastarmodellerna och för att minimera antalet detaljer som behövde modifieras. Alla tre konceptens redskapsgrindar hade standardiserade mått som passade de undersökta hjullastarmodeller. Det koncept som bäst uppfyllde kundkraven utvärderades med Fuzzy TOPSIS metoden. Det slutgiltiga konceptet justerades utifrån kundens önskemål innan det färdiga resultatet presenterades.Resultatet visade att arbetsprocessen var effektiv; Reverse Engineering och samarbetet med kunden gav en inblick i problematiken och förståelse för produkten, Best-worst metoden gjorde att rangordningen av kraven gick snabbt utan att minska på pålitligheten och Fuzzy TOPSIS metoden effektiviserade konceptvalet samtidigt som alla inblandades åsikter blev hörda. För att effektivisera produktutvecklingen ytterligare bör fler metoder undersökas alternativt utvecklas.Konceptförslagen som konstruerades påvisade att det är möjligt att standardisera gränssnittet mellan hjullastare och redskap. Genom modulärkonstruktion kunde snabbfästet anpassas till fyra olika hjullastarmodeller. Innan vidareutveckling av snabbfästet bör fler hjullastare mätas upp och studeras. In order to be competitive in the market, companies are forced to develop new strategies that can be adapted to ever-increasing customer requirements. The purpose of the work was to streamline product development for companies in the manufacturing industry. The objective was to develop an efficient work process for product development and apply the process to a project where a standardized fully automatic quick coupler for smaller wheel loaders would be developed for the company OilQuick.The thesis was divided into two parts. The first part deals with the development of a work process based on existing research. The second part deals with the application of the work process. Data for the application was collected through market research, meetings with customers and Reverse Engineering. Customer requirements were ranked using the Best-worst method and translated into technical specifications using the method QFD (House of Quality).Three concepts were generated based on the resulting requirements from the QFD. According to the customer requirements, the quick coupler had to be compliant with at least four different wheel loader brands in the weight span from five to eight tons. This meant that all three concepts were based on modular design, both to facilitate modifications between the wheel loader brads and to minimize the number of details that needed to be modified. All three of the concept's attachment brackets had standardized dimensions that fitted all examined wheel loader models. To determine which concept that best met the customer requirements the Fuzzy TOPSIS method was used. The final concept was adjusted based on OilQuick's requirements before the finished result was presented.The results showed that the work process was efficient and reliable and that the developed concept proposal indicates that it is possible for the company to standardize the interface between wheel loaders and attachments. With modular design the quick coupler can be adapted to the wheel loader brands that were studied. To ensure that the quick coupler can be applied to a larger variety of wheel loaders, it is necessary to examine and take measurements of more wheel loader brands before further development.

The different ways countries trade with each other have developed during the years but the purpose, free exchange in goods and services, remains intact. The main idea of trade between countries is that both parties gain from the exchange. The European Union is the world’s biggest trading block, and in the form of a customs union there are mainly two different ways in which it theoretically can affect bilateral trade flows, namely by trade diversion or by trade creation. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how the European Union affects the bilateral trade flows both within the union, as well as with countries outside of it. In order to examine these effects a quantitative method will be used where a regression analysis is applied based on a gravity model, observing the years 2000–2019. The results indicate a significant positive effect of EU-membership on both trade flows with different member countries, as well as with countries without a membership. The estimations from the different regressions indicate that the bilateral trade flows between member countries increases with around 33%–40%, while bilateral trade flows with countries outside of the union increases with around 3%. Länders sätt att handla med varandra har utvecklats genom åren men syftet, fritt utbyte av varor och tjänster, är intakt. Grundidén till handel mellan länder är att båda tjänar på utbytet. Europeiska unionen är världens största handelsblock, och som en tullunion så finns det framförallt två effekter detta kan ge på länders bilaterala handel, antingen handelsfrämjande eller handelsomfördelande. Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera hur den europeiska handelsunionen påverkar den bilaterala handeln dels med andra medlemsländer, dels med länder utanför handelsunionen. För att undersöka dessa effekter används en kvantitativ metod där en regressionsanalys genomförs med hjälp av en gravitationsmodell, där de observerade åren är år 2000–2019. Resultatet av denna studie visar ett positivt signifikant samband mellan bilateral handel med både andra medlemsländer såväl som länder utanför unionen. Estimeringarna från de olika regressionerna indikerar att den bilaterala handeln ökat mellan EU-medlemmar med cirka 33%–40% och med cirka 3% med länder utanför unionen.

Sustainability and sustainable development are political and essentially contested social phenomena. Despite this ambiguity, they continue to hold a central position as apolitical concepts in much of social science and policy making. In Europe, public procurement is increasingly used as a tool to reach sustainability, a fact that actualizes an inherent tension between politically charged objectives on the one hand, and technological processes and market logics on the other. Therefore, in this article, we investigate this tension by studying policies relating to sustainable public procurement of the built environment in the EU. We argue that governing any policy domain entails the construction and representation of particular policy problems. Hence, we focus on how the 'problems' of sustainable public procurement are represented in EU policy guidance and best practice documents. Our analysis shows that these central policy documents are dominated by a problem representation where unsustainability is constructed as technical design flaws and market failure. This has the primary effect that it renders sustainable development as, primarily, a technical issue, and beyond politics. Therefore, we conclude that current policy reproduces 'weak' forms of sustainable development, where the practice is depoliticized and premised upon continued growth and innovation.

Supplemental Material, Appendix_3 for The Transformative Potential of Resilience Thinking: How It Could Transform Unsustainable Economic Rationalities by David Olsson in Alternatives: Global, Local, Political

Bakgrunden till denna uppsats är det ökande intresset av olika designtekniker inom webbdesign. Ämnet som studeras växer och är något som de flesta individer i dagens samhälle kommer i kontakt med. Problemet ligger i att det potentiellt sett finns en baksida med att använda sig av denna typ av designelement. Med tanke på att tidigare forskning inte studerat de potentiella negativa konsekvenserna som finns med detta så väljer vi i vår studie att utforska existensen av dessa potentiella negativa påverkan genom att undersöka hur dark patterns påverkar varumärkeslojaliteten. Syftet med denna studie är därmed att förklara hur dark patterns påverkar konsumenternas varumärkeslojalitet. För att besvara vårt framtagna syfte utformas fyra stycken hypoteser som baseras på tidigare forskning, där dark patterns, oetiskt beteende, attityd och varumärkeslojalitet är våra variabler. Med utgångspunkt i en kvantitativ studie i form av en enkätundersökning testas sedan hypoteserna. Datainsamlingen sker i form av en enkätundersökning där informationen sedan analyseras genom en regressionsanalys. I denna analys undersöks sambandet mellan dark patterns och varumärkeslojalitet genom två medierande variabler; oetiskt beteende samt konsument-attityder. Slutsatsen i denna studie är att de hypoteser som presenteras och är framtagna från den tidigare teorin visar sig vara signifikanta. Data och analysen tillstyrker därav våra hypoteser om att dark patterns resulterar i en minskad varumärkeslojalitet.

The aim with this content analysis was to describe and analyze how children may react to sexual abuse and also elaborate if there occurs any specific reactions or symptoms. Furthermore we analyzed children's feeling of shame after sexual abuse. Our focus was not only on the symptoms and feeling of shame that a child who’s a victim of sexual abuse may show, but also if there was any difference between how boys and girls react to the abuse. More specific if the symptoms and feelings of shame differed based on gender. This was done with a gender perspective in order to get a deeper understanding if one's gender lead to different symptoms or levels of shame. The study was done by analyzing a number of six autobiographies of people who were victims of sexual abuse as children and study how they described feelings of shame and their symptoms. Our result showed the existence of difference between genders regarding symptoms. For example the female authors described more and deeper mental symptoms than the male authors, even though some of the symptoms were the same. The physical symptoms were completely different between the males and the females. While the females described symptoms that were related to their mental state the males described bleeding, sickness and pain. However both genders described feelings of shame, regret and self-blame. But even here the females describe more in detail.

Den här studien undersöker hur fyra gymnasielärare i Malmö upplever att undervisa i samhällskunskap på distans samt huruvida det går att använda sig av vedertagna didaktiska tankesätt vid distansundervisning. Detta genom en kvalitativ undersökning som bygger på intervjuer. Tidigare forskning om ämnet visar att distansundervisning ofta upplevs som positivt av elever, och att likvärdiga resultat går att uppnå på distans som med traditionell undervisning. Vårt resultat visar dock att de lärare vi intervjuat upplever mer eller mindre svårigheter med distansundervisning. Detta grundar sig främst i att det är svårt att använda sig av samma metoder på distans som lärarna normalt sätt använder sig av. Slutsatsen av arbetet är att intervjusvaren tyder på att lärarna ofta upplever en viss problematik med distansundervisning samt att deras undervisningsmetoder har behövt ändras.

Supplemental Material, Appendix_1,_list_of_quotes_in_Swedish_original for The Transformative Potential of Resilience Thinking: How It Could Transform Unsustainable Economic Rationalities by David Olsson in Alternatives: Global, Local, Political

Supplemental Material, Appendix_2_on_conceptual_structuring_and_process_conceptualizing_the_themes for The Transformative Potential of Resilience Thinking: How It Could Transform Unsustainable Economic Rationalities by David Olsson in Alternatives: Global, Local, Political

The MAX IV 3 GeV ring is the first synchrotron light source utilizing the Multi-Bend Achromat scheme to achieve a low horizontal bare-lattice emittance of 328 pm rad providing high brilliance x-rays for users. A novel Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) designed and constructed by SOLEIL is used to allow top-up operation with only minor disturbances to the stored beam, i.e., the users. We investigate the stored beam perturbations due to quadrupole fields arising during the MIK pulse, originating from its inner coating. Maximum bunch emittance growth of §I{21}{πco\meter\radian} was found in simulations. Measurements of the stored beam impact are performed and found to be in good agreement with simulations. We conclude that the MIK at MAX IV 3 GeV has the potential to deliver quasi-transparent injections with good capture efficiency., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

The MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden, consists of three electron accelerators and their respective synchrotron radiation beamlines: a 3 GeV ring, which is the first implementation worldwide of a multi-bend achromat lattice, a 1.5 GeV ring optimized for soft X-Rays and UV radiation production and a 3 GeV linear accelerator that acts as a full-energy injector into both rings and provides electron pulses as short as 100 fs that produce X-rays by spontaneous emission in the undulators of the short-pulse facility (SPF). In this paper, we review the latest achieved accelerator performance and operational results., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Företag idag producerar stora mängder data. För att tolka data behövs ett verktyg som visualiserar den effektivt och direkt. Den digitala instrumentbrädan är ett sådant verktyg. Trots det höga värdet hos välutvecklade instrumentbrädor misslyckas de flesta instrumentbrädor genom att de inte kommunicerar tydligt. Istället läggs det bland annat resurser på visuella effekter, vilket snarare försvårar kommunikationen än förbättrar den. Studien har resulterat i ett webbaserat verktyg för att skapa en instrumentbräda. Webbsidan består av en meny, ett rutnät samt ett antal olika komponenter. Extra fokus har lagts på två av dessa, mätare och cirkeldiagram. Instrumentbrädan visualiserar data med hjälp av grafiska komponenter. Studien har tagit del av designmål för att undvika vanliga designmisstag i utvecklandet av det webbaserade verktyget. Designen har en generell lösning då slutanvändaren är odefinierad. Resultatet innehåller en utvärdering av hur väl designmålen har implementerats. Verktyget har en låg multidimensionalitet då två grafiska komponenter finns tillgängliga. Tillgängligheten är hög på grund av att verktyget är webbaserat. God lyhördhet uppnås med hjälp av tekniken Flexbox som gör det enklare att placera innehåll på webbsidan korrekt. SPA, som står för Single Page Application, skapar korta laddningstider för den. Det finns stora möjligheter med fortsättningsarbete för applikationen. Hur data presenteras och i vilket sammanhang den sätts i är avgörande för en välutvecklad instrumentbräda. Det är kritiskt att, där det är möjligt, involvera slutanvändarna i utvecklingsprocessen av ny programvara. Utan slutanvändarna är det svårt att utvärdera användarvänligheten i nyskapad mjukvara. Companies today produce large amounts of data. To interpret data, a tool is needed which visualises it effectively and instantly. One such tool is the digital dashboard. Despite the high value of well-developed dashboards, most dashboards fail to communicate clearly. Instead, resources are spent on visual effects, which makes communication more difficult than improves it. The study has resulted in a web-based tool that creates a dashboard. The webpage consist of a menu, a grid and different components. This study has focused on two of those, gauge and pie chart. The dashboard visualizes data using graphical components. The study has taken note of design guidelines to avoid common design flaws in the development of the web-based tool. The design has a general solution since the end user is undefined. The result contains an evaluation of how well the design guidelines have been implemented. The tool has a low multidimensionality as only two graphic components are available. Accessibility is high because the tool is web-based. Good responsiveness is achieved using the Flexbox technology. SPA creates low loading times of the web page. There are great opportunities with continuing work for the application. Chapter 5 also goes through a complete user flow. How data is presented and in which context it is set is crucial for a well-developed dashboard. It is critical to involve end users in the development process of new software. Without endusers, it is difficult to evaluate the user-friendliness of newly created software.

The MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring lattice contains several strong sextupoles. In order to achieve nominal lattice performance it is important to be able to characterise and correct the higher order magnets and optics of the lattice. This has been done through the analysis of the Off-Energy Response Matrix (OEORM). Its approximate linearity in sextupole strength has been utilised to identify sextupole errors, as well as symmetrise the 2nd order optics. The symmetrisation was able to correct chromaticity, and increase horizontal acceptance by 50 %, compared to magnet settings based solely on rotating coil measurements. An approximate decrease of 10 % in vertical acceptance was detected. This work was inspired by similar investigations at ESRF., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

The MAX IV LINAC operates both as a full-energy injector for two electron storage rings, and as a driver for a Short Pulse Facility (SPF). There are also plans to build Soft X-ray Laser (SXL) beamlines at the end of the existing LINAC. For SPF and SXL operation, it is important to characterize beam parameters such as bunch profile, slice energy spread and slice emittance. For these measurements, two 3 m long transverse deflecting RF structures are being developed. The structures are operating at S-band, and it is possible to adjust the polarization of the deflecting fields. In order to verify the RF concept, a short 9-cell prototype was constructed. The measurements results of the prototype are presented in this paper., Proceedings of the 8th International Beam Instrumentation Conference, IBIC2019, Malmö, Sweden

This report reviews the research literature on professional learning communities (PLCs) in order to provide insights into of how practice-based research, in the form of various types of collaborative inquiry, could be promoted in ways that improve teaching and learning in Swedish schools. The review is based on research from many parts of the world, published in peer reviewed English-speaking journals and books. It thus has relevance beyond the Swedish context as well. The report presents research findings demonstrating the benefits of PLCs. It also describes the defining characteristics of these PLCs. Finally, it provides a research informed discussion of how PLCs could be developed and sustained, including suggestions that can inform future research. The report thus offers several important insights that can prove valuable to both researchers and policy makers seeking ways to develop teaching and learning in primary and secondary schools.

In order to achieve nominal performance in terms of the dynamic aperture and lifetime of a storage ring, it is important to be able to characterise and correct its second order optics. At the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring in Lund, Sweden, the linearity of the 2nd order dispersion with chromatic sextupole field strengths has been utilised to investigate the sextupole circuits. The beating induced in the 2nd order dispersion when reducing the strength of a sextupole magnet can be compared to the beating in simulations. From this a beam-based sextupole calibration curve can be found. This work was inspired by similar work done at ESRF., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Air pollution has been classified as carcinogenic to humans. However, to date little is known about the relevance for cancers of the stomach and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). We investigated the association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution with incidence of gastric and UADT cancer in 11 European cohorts. Air pollution exposure was assigned by land-use regression models for particulate matter (PM) below 10 µm (PM10), below 2.5 µm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10 µm (PMcoarse), PM2.5 absorbance and nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOX) as well as approximated by traffic indicators. Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders were used for cohort-specific analyses. Combined estimates were determined with random effects meta-analyses. During average follow-up of 14.1 years of 305,551 individuals, 744 incident cases of gastric cancer and 933 of UADT cancer occurred. The hazard ratio for an increase of 5 µg/m3 of PM2.5 was 1.38 (95% CI 0.99; 1.92) for gastric and 1.05 (95% CI 0.62; 1.77) for UADT cancers. No associations were found for any of the other exposures considered. Adjustment for additional confounders and restriction to study participants with stable addresses did not influence markedly the effect estimate for PM2.5 and gastric cancer. Higher estimated risks of gastric cancer associated with PM2.5 was found in men (HR 1.98 [1.30; 3.01]) as compared to women (HR 0.85 [0.5; 1.45]). This large multicentre cohort study shows an association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and gastric cancer, but not UADT cancers, suggesting that air pollution may contribute to gastric cancer risk.

The MAX IV 1.5 GeV ring is an electron storage ring for production of synchrotron light in the IR to soft X-ray spectral range. The ring will deliver light to its first users during 2018. Bunch-By-Bunch (BBB) feedback has been needed to suppress coupled-bunch mode instabilities (CBMIs), and the feedback has this far been provided in all three planes by a single stripline kicker. This is done by combining the horizontal and vertical baseband feedback signals with the longitudinal feedback signal that is upconverted to the 150 MHz - 250 MHz range. The combined signal is then fed to two stripline electrodes. The layout of the BBB feedback system in the MAX IV 1.5 GeV ring is presented in this paper. Results from instability studies are also discussed., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

By describing climate change as one of the greatest challenges of our time, the Swedish government has expressed a commitment to climate change adaptation as an integral part of the country’s sustainable development efforts. Sweden has also been portrayed as a frontrunner of climate policy and sustainable development. However, research and rankings describe even the ‘good example’ of Sweden as unsustainable, including its responses to climate change. Transformation is needed. Based on the ‘what’s the problem represented to be?’ (WPR) approach, this thesis describes and problematizes conditions of ‘sustainability’ constituted through problem representations of governing climate change adaptation in Sweden. In addition, the study provides a discussion of alternative problem representations constituting conditions with new possibilities for transformation. The empirical material for the analysis of current conditions in Sweden consists of policy documents as well as interviews with municipal and regional experts involved in promoting and implementing adaptation. I also analyze conditions constituted through problem representations in research. These are used as points of comparison for the problematization of conditions in Sweden. My conclusions are that the current conditions of ‘sustainability’, constituted through the problem representations in Sweden, create a focus on advancing functional governance of adaptation as well as a focus on reducing marginalization of neglected sustainability concerns by integrating them with the current order of things. Problematizations of domination are largely absent. I argue that possibilities for transformation could be advanced by problematizing domination. Through problematizations of the current decentralization of responsibility, the integration imperative, and the primacy of economic growth over environmental and social dimensions of sustainability, I suggest ways in which this type of problematization could be facilitated. The climate is changing. This poses severe risks to humans, societies, and ecosystems on which human well-being depends. Sweden is one of the countries described as a frontrunner in meeting the challenges of climate change. In addition to reducing human influence on the climate, these challenges also include climate change adaptation. However, even Sweden’s responses to these challenges are described as deficient in both rankings and research. Considering the cataclysmic risks posed by climate change, transformation is needed. In this thesis, I focus on current conditions of ‘sustainability’ in governing climate change adaptation in Sweden. I illustrate their limitations and possibilities in facilitating transformation and argue that conditions with new possibilities are needed. I also suggest ways to promote such transformative conditions. My research contribution forms part of a broader discussion of how ‘sustainability’ currently is constructed and how different possibilities for transformation could be attained, both in Sweden and elsewhere.

At synchrotron light storage rings there is demand for serving both high-brilliance and timing users simultaneously. At many rings this is commonly achieved by operating fill patterns with gaps of sufficient length, but this is not favorable for rings that operate with passive harmonic cavities to damp instabilities and increase Touschek lifetime by lengthening the bunches. For such rings, gaps in the fill pattern could severely reduce the achievable bunch lengths. For the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring, sufficient bunch lengthening is also essential for conserving the ultralow emittance and reducing heat load on vacuum components at high current. It is therefore of interest to study methods to serve timing users while operating without gap in the fill pattern. Once such method is PPRE, where the transverse emittance of one bunch in the bunch train is increased by an incoherent betatron excitation. This paper presents simulations for the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring and discusses the machine requirements as well as the achievable performance for timing users., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

The MAX IV LINAC operates both as a full-energy injector for two electron storage rings, and as a driver for a Short Pulse Facility (SPF). A soft X-ray Laser (SXL) beamline will also be installed in the end of the existing LINAC. For SPF and SXL operation, it is important to characterize beam parameters such as bunch profile, slice energy spread and slice emittance. For these measurements, two 3 m long transverse deflecting RF structures with a matching section are being developed. The structures are operating at S-band and have variable polarizations. When fed via a SLED pulse compressor, the two structures can generate a total integrated deflecting voltage higher than 100 MV which is sufficient for measurements with temporal resolutions down to 1 fs. This paper describes the initial RF design of the deflecting structures., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

In order to improve the resilience of the MAX IV 3 GeV ring's beam to a horizontal dipole kick while at the design tunes (42.20, 16.28) the optimisation algorithm RCDS (Robust Conjugate Direction Search) was deployed. The algorithm was able to increase the horizontal acceptance by finding new settings for the sextupole and octupole magnets, whilst leaving the vertical acceptance virtually unchanged. Additionally, the optimisation increased the momentum acceptance of the lattice, increasing beam lifetime., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Reasons why brokers choose to terminate have been investigated by Lee et al. (2014) and Love et al. (2011). However, we experience an information gap because all the studies we have learned were carried out on brokers who were still active. This essay contains reasons why Swedish brokers choose to quit and the study has been completed on brokers who have actually terminated their employment. The study is based on a qualitative survey where we interviewed brokers by telephone regarding reasons why they chose to quit. We also present the pattern we can see between the different reasons that have been shown during the course of the study. It will also be reported what previous studies have come up with and comparisons between this study and those previously done. The result of this study shows that, for example, payroll systems, stress, conflicts between work and privacy and burnout all contribute to brokers choosing to terminate their positions. In addition, it has been found that one of these causes, commission pay, seems to be the foundation of all of our respondents' redundancies.

The MAX IV Linac is now in routine operation for injection into two storage rings, and as a high-brightness driver for a Short Pulse Facility (SPF). In short-pulse mode the electron bunch is created in a photo cathode gun and compressed in two double achromat bunch compressors that also linearize longitudinal phase space with the second order transfer matrix element T566. T566 in the compressors can be tweaked with weak sextupoles located at high dispersion. In this paper we present the current experience from operating the bunch compressors at MAX IV and results from initial measurements of longitudinal phase space using the zero-crossing method., Proceedings of the 38th Int. Free Electron Laser Conf., FEL2017, Santa Fe, NM, USA

MAX IV and SOLARIS are two synchrotron light sources located in Lund and in Krakow, respectively. A stripline is a standard multi-purpose component that is used in many accelerators and consists of one or multiple electrodes. The currents that are induced by the Lorentz contracted fields of the electron beam at the electrodes can be used for beam diagnostics, or one can excite the electrodes in order to manipulate the properties of the beam. The design and initial measurements of the MAX IV/SOLARIS striplines are presented in this report. Different design considerations and possible applications for the striplines are also presented.

The MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden consists of two storage rings for production of synchrotron radiation. The larger 3 GeV ring has been delivering light to the first users since November 2016, while the smaller 1.5 GeV ring is being commissioned. Coupled-Bunch Mode Instabilities (CBMIs) have been observed in both rings, and they have a degrading effect on the beam quality since they increase the effective emittance and the energy spread. In order to suppress CBMIs, a digital Bunch-By-Bunch (BBB) feedback system has been commissioned in the 3 GeV ring. The feedback in the three planes has this far been two provided by two striplines kickers. A waveguide overloaded cavity kicker, dedicated for feedback in the longitudinal plane, will soon be commissioned. Apart from applying negative feedback, the BBB feedback system is a comprehensive diagnostic tool. The design of the feedback kickers and the implementation of the BBB feedback system in the 3 GeV ring are presented in this report. Initial results from instability studies are also discussed.

The MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden, consists of two storage rings for production of synchrotron radiation, and a full-energy LINAC for top-up injections. The LINAC also delivers short high-intensity electron bunches to a short pulse facility. MAX IV was inaugurated in June 2016, and the larger 3 GeV ring has been delivering light to users since November 2016. In this thesis, the design and implementation of RF kickers for different systems in MAX IV are presented. The first system is the chopper which is located in the so called thermionic pre-injector that delivers the electron pulses to the main LINAC during ring injections. The electron source is here a thermionic S-band RF gun. All electrons that enter the chopper can not be captured by the rings during injection. These undesired electrons are deflected and dumped by the chopper before they reach the first accelerating structure in the LINAC. The RF kickers in the chopper system are two planar striplines.The second system is the bunch-by-bunch feedback system in the 3 GeV ring. The system is mainly used to suppress coupled-bunch mode instabilities. These instabilities drive coherent oscillations of the electron bunches. The oscillations have a degrading effect on the beam quality since they increase the effective emittance and the energy spread. By sampling the beam motion, the bunch-by-bunch feedback system suppresses the oscillations by corrective kicks to the bunches in all three planes via RF kickers. The system is also a comprehensive diagnostic tool that can be used to characterize many different parameters of the ring. This far, two striplines have been operating as RF kickers in the three planes. A waveguide overloaded cavity kicker has been designed, and this device will operate as a dedicated kicker in the longitudinal plane after the 2017 summer shut-down. The third system is a diagnostic stripline with switching networks that is mainly used for betatron tune measurements in the two MAX IV storage rings and in the SOLARIS storage ring. This stripline can be used for many different applications.

Several studies have indicated weakly increased risk for kidney cancer among occupational groups exposed to gasoline vapors, engine exhaust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other air pollutants, although not consistently. It was the aim to investigate possible associations between outdoor air pollution at the residence and the incidence of kidney parenchyma cancer in the general population. We used data from 14 European cohorts from the ESCAPE study. We geocoded and assessed air pollution concentrations at baseline addresses by land-use regression models for particulate matter (PM10 , PM2.5 , PMcoarse , PM2.5 absorbance (soot)) and nitrogen oxides (NO2 , NOx ), and collected data on traffic. We used Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random effects models for meta-analyses to calculate summary hazard ratios (HRs). The 289,002 cohort members contributed 4,111,908 person-years at risk. During follow-up (mean 14.2 years) 697 incident cancers of the kidney parenchyma were diagnosed. The meta-analyses showed higher HRs in association with higher PM concentration, e.g. HR=1.57 (95%CI: 0.81-3.01) per 5μg/m(3) PM2.5 and HR=1.36 (95%CI: 0.84-2.19) per 10(-5) m(-1) PM2.5 absorbance, albeit never statistically significant. The HRs in association with nitrogen oxides and traffic density on the nearest street were slightly above one. Sensitivity analyses among participants who did not change residence during follow-up showed stronger associations, but none were statistically significant. This study provides suggestive evidence that exposure to outdoor PM at the residence may be associated with higher risk for kidney parenchyma cancer; the results should be interpreted cautiously as associations may be due to chance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The MAX IV linac is used both for full energy injection into two storage rings at 3 GeV and 1.5 GeV, and as a high brightness driver for a Short Pulse Facility (SPF). The linac has also been designed to handle the high demands of an FEL injector. The linac is now routinely injecting into the two storage rings, and commissioning work is focused towards delivering high brightness pulses to the SPF. In this paper we present results from characterisation of the linac in ring injection mode, as well as results from measurements of key parameters for the SPF such as bunch length and emittance., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

Background: Sustainability reporting is increasingly recognised by both companies and stakeholders to be a valuable tool of communication. However, the quality of these reports has come in to question where the inter-firm comparability principle, accentuated by the Global Reporting Initiative, is argued by scholars to be ineffective. Inter-firm comparability being essential for the user of the reports to understand how companies compare to others therefore needs to be analyzed. Purpose: The objective of this paper is to study the inter-firm comparability of sustainability reports among companies in the EU energy sector that employ the GRI G4 guidelines. Method: This study conducts a comparative content analysis of 13 energy companies’ sustainability reports. The systematic comparison conducted on the 28 most common G4 indicators in the energy companies’ sustainability reports shed light on the underlying conditions of inter-firm comparability. Conclusion and Contributions: The results of this study show that it is difficult to compare sustainability reports due to the qualitative nature of most indicators, the absent explanatory information, the incomplete disclosure on many indicators, and the extensive amount of superfluous information included in the reports. The moral and managerial branch of the stakeholder theory is further applied in the study to discuss the possible explanations as to why inter-firm comparability issues exist. The outcome of the study will therefore provide a deeper understanding of the inherent comparability issues and to possibly aid future improvements of the reports and their guidelines.

The commissioning of a bunch-by-bunch feedback system for the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring was started in early 2016. At date, the actuators are two stripline kickers oriented in the horizontal and in the vertical plane, respectively. Apart from providing feedback in the transverse plane, the horizontal stripline is simultaneously operating as a longitudinal kicker. This is done by upconverting the longitudinal 0 - 50 MHz baseband signal to the 150 MHz - 250 MHz range where the longitudinal shunt impedance of the stripline is higher. This signal is then fed to the stripline electrodes in common-mode. The design of the stripline kickers and the layout of the bunch-by bunch feedback system in the 3 GeV ring are presented in this report. Results from instability studies in this ring are also discussed., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

The MAXIV injector has two guns - a thermionic used for ring injections, and a photocathode used for short pulse facility operation. A commercial Ti:sapphire laser from KMLabs drives the copper based photocathode gun. It has been running without major issues for more than 3 years. The laser delivers up to §I{500}{\textmu J} on the cathode at the third harmonic, §I{263}{nm}, via a vacuum laser transport system. To achieve the desired pulse duration of 2–§I10{ps} the laser pulses, originally ~§I{100}{fs} long, are stretched with a prism pair and the resulting §I{1.5}{ps} pulses stacked by a series of birefringent \textalpha -BBO crystals. Diagnostics consist of photodiodes, spectrometers, and cameras. Longitudinal pulse characterization is done with a cross correlator and a UV FROG., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

The increased amount of traffic combined with higher traffic loads leads to many existing bridges needing strengthening in the future to ensure their expected lifespan. This means the bridge owners will be focusing more on strengthening projects and smart solutions will be crucial for preserving a healthy bridge stock. When strengthening existing non-composite bridges (with steel girder and concrete deck) one potential method is to achieve composite action by installing shear connectors. The post-installed shear connectors prevent slip between the steel girders and the concrete. The composite action will reduce bending stresses and deflection of the bridge, due to the increase in moment of inertia and relocation of the neutral axis. Different types of shear connectors can be used for achieving composite action and each type of connector has its own installation method. The biggest distinction between the methods is how the connectors gain access to the steel girder for installation and what technique is used when installing them. This thesis presents the theory behind composite action, the current methods used for achieving composite action on existing bridges and to what extent a bridge can be strengthened by composite action. The thesis also provides a status of the existing road bridge stock around the world. The four case studies examined in this thesis have used different post-installed shear connectors to manage different strengthening problems like weight restriction, fatigue life of shear connectors and a unique problem on the Pitsund Bridge where loud bangs appeared from the bridge when truck passed in the morning. For the case study on the Pitsund Bridge an interview was conducted that explains the entire procedure of the project, from the noise problem to how the installation of coiled spring pins was performed. The bridge over Lule River at Akkatsfallen consists of two steel girders and a concrete deck. This bridge is chosen as a real case study to determine to what extent a bridge can increase its capacity by achieving composite action. The calculations are performed in accordance with the Eurocodes on both non- and full-composite action and the result is compared to the other case studies.

The MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden consists of two storage rings for production of synchrotron radiation. The two rings are designed for 1.5 GeV and 3 GeV, respectively, where the former is under construction, and the latter is undergoing beam commissioning. Both rings will be operating with top-up injections delivered by a full-energy injector that consists of 39 traveling-wave S-band LINAC structures. In order to reduce losses of high-energy electrons along the injector and in the rings during injection, only electrons that are within an allowed time structure are accelerated. This time structure depends on several parameters such as the available RF voltage and the radiation losses in the ring that is about to be injected, but also on the momentum acceptance of the transport lines in the injector. The electrons that are outside the allowed time structure are dumped when they have energies below 3 MeV by a chopper system that is located between a thermionic RF gun and the first LINAC structure. Basically, the chopper system consists of two planar striplines and a variable aperture, and the first stripline is fed with a superposed RF signal and the second one with HV pulses. The performance of the chopper system during commissioning of the 3 GeV ring is presented in this article., Proceedings of the 28th Linear Accelerator Conf., LINAC2016, East Lansing, MI, USA

A motivation for the development of a versatile, programmable source of shaped picosecond pulses for use in photocathode electron gun preinjectors is presented. We present the experimental setup for arbitrary longitudinal pusle shaping of the MAX IV photocathode gun laser. The setup consists of a grating-based Fourier-domain shaper capable of stretching the pulses directly in the UV domain. Preliminary results are presented and discussed., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

The nuclear physics facility at MAX-lab requires high energy electrons for photonuclear experiments. These electrons are first accelerated in two LINACs that are fed via a SLED system. Arcing in the waveguide structures is currently the limiting factor of the available electron energy. In this report, the implementation of a phase modulation scheme into the injector system is presented. This makes it possible to increase the power delivered to the LINACs and thereby increasing the energy gain without increasing the risk of arcing. Calculations of the available electron energy at the nuclear physics facility using focal plane detectors and tracking code is also presented.

The linear accelerator at the MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden, was constructed for injection and top up of the two storage rings and as a high brightness driver for the Short Pulse Facility. It is also prepared to be used as an injector for a possible future Free Electron Laser. Installation of the linac was completed and beam commissioning started in the early fall of 2014. In this paper we present the progress during the first phase of commissioning along with results from initial measurements of optics, emittance, beam energy and charge., Proceedings of the 37th International Free Electron Laser Conference, FEL2015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

The MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden is currently under commissioning. In the MAX IV injector there are two guns, one thermionic gun for storage ring injection and one photocathode gun for the Short Pulse Facility. The commissioning of the injector and the LINAC has been ongoing for the last year and ring commissioning is due to start shortly. In this paper we will present the results from beam performance experiments for the injector at the current stage of commissioning., Proceedings of the 37th International Free Electron Laser Conference, FEL2015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea