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Faith, as a way of how people understand God and the world and make or discover meaning in their life, is characterized by individual differences and changes over the lifetime. Our research investigates these changes over the life span in terms of hierarchically ordered types that are the elements in our developmental model, which is a critical advancement and modification of Fowler’s theory of faith development. This study is the first to investigate whether there is development in faith over the adult life span and to identify predictors of developmental change. Our mixed-method design used three-wave longitudinal data (mean lag time 10.47 years from Wave 1 to Wave 3). A sample of N = 75 participants were interviewed with the faith development interview three times and each time answered comprehensive questionnaires. Results evidenced faith development over the life span: a majority in our data moved to a higher type, while change to a lower type did occur. Openness to experience and the religious schema truth of text and teachings were potential antecedents for faith development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Objective High neuroticism, low agreeableness, and low conscientiousness are consistent correlates of drug use, though such patterns may be due to common familial influences rather than effects of personality per se. The present study aimed to explore associations of Big Five traits with various forms of drug use independent of confounding familial influences by leveraging differences within twin pairs to identify potentially causal (i.e., within-pair) effects of personality on use. Method 980 same-sex twin pairs from the Australian Twin Registry Cohort III (Mage = 31.70, 71% female) were interviewed regarding lifetime (mis)use of cannabis, cocaine/crack, prescription and illicit stimulants, prescription and illicit opioids, sedatives, hallucinogens, dissociatives, inhalants, and solvents, and completed a Big Five inventory. Co-twin control analyses predicted the use of each drug from all traits simultaneously. Results Individual-level analyses generally showed the expected associations of neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness with drug use. Familial effects were also somewhat generalized: high neuroticism, high openness to experience, and low agreeableness were associated with the use of several drug types. More specificity emerged for within-pair effects. High neuroticism was associated with prescription drug misuse; high extraversion was associated with cocaine/crack and stimulant use; high openness to experience was associated with cannabis use; low agreeableness was associated with cocaine/crack use and illicit opioid use; and no within-pair effects emerged for conscientiousness. Conclusions Trait associations common across drugs may be primarily attributable to familial effects. There appears to be more drug-specific influence of personality on use with respect to potentially causal within-pair effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Background Course of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) is studded with multiple relapses. Personality factors are implicated as one of the influencing factors in the course of this disorder. Keeping in view of scarcity of Indian data available, the study was planned with the aim to find Personality traits more commonly associated with ADS patients, and identify specific traits, associated with relapses of ADS. Method With sample size of 100 consecutive cases and 100 controls, socio-demographic data was collected. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Severity of Alcohol Use Disorder Test (SAD-Q) were administered to each of these patient. Personality dimensions were assessed with NEO-five factor inventory (NEO-FFI) (Costa and McCrae), for both groups and further compared for differences in the dimensions in each of its subscale. Results The NEO scores, showed statistically significant difference with Cases having higher scores in Neuroticism and control group in Openness and Conscientiousness. Neuroticism linked to higher scores of AUDIT and SADQ and also associated with relapses. Other traits also showed statistically significant association which are discussed. Conclusion As new factors are being explored for effective management, routine personality profiling is easily accomplished and can give delightful insight into focused and designed management plan.

Organizations increasingly require employees to be proactive and creative problem solvers in their daily work. We employ a multilevel perspective (i.e., weekly activity level, group/context level, and personal level) to understand employees’ day-to-day creative process. Specifically, we examine whether weekly help-seeking behaviour is positively related to weekly creativity and to what extent this relationship is affected by work group functional diversity and employees’ level of openness to experience. We recruited 368 medical employees nested within 42 work groups over four consecutive weeks. The results showed that help-seeking behaviour was not related to this week’s creativity, but was positively related to next week’s creativity when work group functional diversity was high. Moreover, this lagged effect was even stronger when simultaneously employees scored high on openness to experience. Our findings suggest that help-seeking behaviour sparks creativity after a period of incubation. Furthermore, employees’ creative performance reaches the highest level when they engage in help-seeking behaviour in a more functionally diverse work environment and simultaneously are more open-minded to different experiences. We thus present an integrative model (i.e., what actions individuals engage in, which circumstances individuals are exposed to, and what personal abilities individuals are capable of) to understand employees’ creativity.

For the past 30years, the Afro-Brazilian religions have crossed the Atlantic, reaching Portugal. One of the aspects that the Portuguese find most appealing is the possibility of expressing their emotions freely, either through possession and the incorporation of entities whose performances are directly connected with a sense of emotional freedom, or because these religions proclaim a clear openness and acceptance of different races, sexual preferences or even other religious beliefs. Nevertheless, the process of becoming initiated as well as the ritual sequences are both strongly hierarchical, obeying norms that should not be transgressed in order to advance in one’s religious career. Split between such contradictory emotions, individuals manage them as a means to negotiate their identities within the religious group and outside of it (Wulff 2007). I will expand on the issues of emotional behavior, performance, and authenticity, connecting them with the case-study of the expansion of the Afro-Brazilian religions in Portugal. In order to do this, the performative side (Beeman 2007; Schechner and Appel 1990) of these religions and the relationship between emotions and issues of authenticity – anchored on the seminal work compiled by Thomas Fillitz and Jamie Saris in the bookDebating Authenticity(2013) – will be discussed., Nos últimos 30 anos, as religiões afro-brasileiras cruzaram o Atlântico, chegando a Portugal. Um dos aspetos que os portugueses consideram mais apelativos é a possibilidade de expressar livremente as suas emoções, quer através da posse e incorporação de entidades cujas atuações estão diretamente ligadas a um sentimento de liberdade emocional, quer porque estas religiões proclamam uma clara abertura e aceitação de diferentes raças, preferências sexuais ou mesmo outras crenças religiosas. No entanto, tanto o processo de iniciação como as sequências rituais são fortemente hierárquicas, obedecendo a normas que não devem ser transgredidas para avançar na carreira religiosa. Divididos entre essas emoções contraditórias, as pessoas gerem-nas como um meio de negociar as suas identidades dentro do grupo religioso e fora dele (Wulff 2007). Discutem-se aqui questões de comportamento emocional,performancee autenticidade, relacionando-as com o estudo de caso da expansão das religiões afro-brasileiras em Portugal. Para fazer isso, o lado performativo (Beeman 2007; Schechner e Appel 1990) dessas religiões e a relação entre emoções e questões de autenticidade – ancorada no trabalho seminal compilado por Thomas Fillitz e Jamie Saris no livroDebating Authenticity(2013) – será igualmente analisada.

This study determined the level of openness to experience, neuroticism and resilience of the instructors of Bohol Island State University. It utilized the quantitative method, involving a descriptive survey and documentary analysis. Two hundred forty- seven instructors were selected through purposive sampling. The Neo-Pi-R personality assessment, and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to measure the variables. Results revealed that instructors were average with neuroticism and openness to experience Furthermore, it showed that the instructors were highly resilient considering self-belief, optimism, purposeful direction, adaptability, ingenuity, challenge orientation, emotion regulation, and support seeking. There was a significant relationship between neuroticism and resilience. However, no significant relationship was found between openness to experience and resilience. Differences among neuroticism and openness to experience showed that most instructors fall short of being open-minded. It also showed that instructors are optimistic; but they fall short in handling their emotions well. Recommendations were proposed to address the phenomenon studied.

The first purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of feedback seeking behavior in the process of openness to experience and perceived organizational support for creativity on creative performance. The second purpose was to examine whether self-efficacy moderates the effects of openness to experience and perceived organizational support for creativity on feedback seeking behavior. An online survey was conducted on employees from domestic companies and a total of 284 data were analyzed. The structural equation modeling and multiple regression analysis results are as follows. First, the effects of openness to experience and perceived organizational support for creativity on creative performance was statistically significant. Second, the mediating effect of feedback-seeking behavior was significant in the openness to experience and perceived organizational support for creativity on creative performance. Third, the moderating effect of self-efficacy was significant in the relationship between perceived organizational support for creativity and feedback-seeking behavior. Specifically, the positive relationship between perceived organizational support for creativity and feedback-seeking behavior was stronger when the self-efficacy was high rather than low. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed., 본 연구의 첫 번째 목적은 경험에 대한 개방성과 창의성에 대한 조직지원인식이 창의적 수행에 미치는 영향에서 피드백 추구 행동의 매개효과를 확인하는데 있다. 두 번째 목적은 경험에 대한 개방성과 창의성에 대한 조직지원인식이 피드백 추구 행동에 미치는 영향을 자기효능감 수준에 따라 달라지는지를 확인하는데 있다. 이를 위해 국내 기업의 남녀 직장인을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하였고 총 284명의 자료가 분석에 이용되었다. 구조방정식과 다중회귀분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경험에 대한 개방성과 창의성에 대한 조직지원인식은 창의적 수행에 정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경험에 대한 개방성과 창의성에 대한 조직지원 인식이 창의적 수행에 영향을 주는 과정에서 피드백 추구 행동의 매개효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 셋째, 창의성에 대한 조직지원인식과 피드백 추구 행동 간의 관계를 자기효능감이 조절하는 것으로 나타났는데, 창의성에 대한 조직지원인식이 피드백 추구 행동에 미치는 정적 영향을 자기효능감이 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 시사점과 제한점의 논의되었다.

Colquitt et al. (Journal of Applied Psychology, 2000, 85, p. 678) integrative theory based on meta-analysis and model testing has served as the foundation for our understanding of training motivation. However, the applicability of the theory today may be limited for several reasons. There has been significant growth in training motivation research since Colquitt et al. (Journal of Applied Psychology, 2000, 85, p. 678) proposed and tested their theory. Also, advances in meta-analysis and model testing allow for a more complete and rigorous test of the theory than was previously possible. As a result, we propose and test a contemporary and comprehensive theory of training motivation based on Colquitt et al. (Journal of Applied Psychology, 2000, 85, p. 678) and other studies conducted over the last 20 years. To do so, we conducted an updated meta-analytic review of 167 independent studies and tested a mediation model of training motivation theory using both conventional meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) and full-information MASEM (FIMASEM). The results support a partially mediated model of training motivation that includes additional antecedents (e.g., openness to experience, extroversion, agreeableness, and goal orientation) and learning outcomes (e.g., turnover intentions and job satisfaction) not included in Colquitt et al. (Journal of Applied Psychology, 2000, 85, p. 678). In addition, we conducted exploratory analyses to understand the relative importance of the antecedents of both motivation to learn and learning outcomes and the moderating role of training and studying characteristics on the relationships between motivation to learn and its antecedents and consequences. Finally, the authors discuss the implications of the results for theory, practice, and future research directions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose The aim of this study is to determine the effect of ethical leadership (EL) on individual ambidexterity (IA). Equity sensitivity (ES) was proposed as an underlying mechanism between EL and ambidexterity. Openness to experience (OTE) was hypothesized to strengthen the effect of EL on IA. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected, using a cross-sectional survey design, from employees working in Software Houses in Pakistan using multistage sampling. A usable sample of 255 was subjected to analysis in a two-step structural equation modelling. Findings The empirical findings revealed that EL has a positive effect on IA. ES partially mediated between EL and IA. OTE strengthens the impact of EL on IA. Practical implications This study carries some implications for practitioners, and in particular it provides a clear direction to the management who exhibits EL characteristics. Ethical leaders encourage their followers to explore new things, to behave more innovatively at work and to take the risk in implementing and introducing new ideas. Social implications This study highlights that EL should establish a positive work environment in which employees have a comfortable feeling when applying their explorative and exploitative activities to their work. Originality/value This study investigates critical linkages between EL and IA. Given the importance of IA, results provide novel guidance regarding EL style and the significance of equity in workplace. Recruitment decisions will also be guided by choosing those who have an open personality orientation in the workplace.

Relatively common behavioral patterns in adolescence are problematic use of video games (PG), social media (PSMU) or alcohol (PAU). According to theoretical models, personality traits are relevant for Internet-related problematic behaviors. In the present study, associations of the Big Five personality domains and their 15 facets with PG, PSMU and PAU were compared for the first time. Therefore, 492 adolescents (mean age: 16.83 years) were examined with the established Big Five Inventory-2 as well as other standardized questionnaires on PG, PSMU and PAU. For statistical evaluation, correlation analyses were used as bivariate procedures and multiple regression analyses as multivariable procedures. At the personality domain level, consistently in bivariate and multivariate analyses, statistically significant associations between higher Negative Emotionality (Neuroticism) and PG, PSMU and PAU as well as between lower Open-Mindedness and PG and PAU were observed. At the level of facets, higher Anxiety (facet of Negative Emotionality) was related to PG and PSMU as well as lower Aesthetic Sensitivity (facet of Open-Mindedness) and lower Productiveness (facet of Conscientiousness) to PG. Considering the overlap of 95% confidence intervals, very comparable patterns of associations between PG, PSMU and PAU and the Big Five and their facets were observed in adolescence (indicating similarities in etiology).

To prepare students for an increasingly globalized world, intercultural group work (IGW) holds promise as a pedagogical tool, because it may help them develop intercultural competence and second-language proficiency. These skills also are needed to complete the discipline-specific aspects of group work successfully. This study investigates the extent to which cultural intelligence (CQ), English language proficiency, and personality contribute to students’ cognitive engagement in IGW. A questionnaire was completed by 846 students from six universities in the Netherlands and Canada. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that CQ and the personality trait of openness are the strongest predictors of cognitive engagement. English language proficiency is a relatively weak predictor. The development of CQ thus should be actively promoted to enhance students’ cognitive engagement in IGW.

The article examines stock index price responses in Brazil, Chile and Mexico to those in the US, Spain and four European countries during three sub-periods surrounding the neoliberal reforms of the 1990s: 1988 to 1994, 1995 to 1998, and 1999 to 2004, using VAR modeling. It finds that equity markets became more interconnected as countries opened to international trade and capital flows, and that there was an increasing impact of Spain on Latin American equity markets. Stronger economic linkages (more trade and foreign direct investment) between Spain and these countries, specially in Brazil, seem to explain increased equity markets interconnectedness.

In this empirical paper, we revisit the financial development-impact of financial globalization using a panel dataset comprising the OECD countries for the period 1996–2017. We rely on a multidimensional financial development index and the KOF financial globalization index. We find that financial globalization has a positive impact on financial development. Considering the heterogeneity in the conditional distributions of financial development, we also discover that financial globalization favourably impacts financial development across all the conditional distributions (quantiles) albeit with varying magnitude. These findings are robust to the KOF de facto and de jure measures of financial globalization as well as an alternative measure of financial globalization–financial openness index.

© 2020 American Psychological Association. The development of creativity in young children has been studied extensively, but relatively few studies have examined the period of adolescence and emerging adulthood in relation to creative potential. The present study uses a combination of frequentist and Bayesian analyses to evaluate the impact of individual factors (e.g., IQ) and contextual factors (e.g., pursuit of creative hobbies) on creative ideation in three cohorts of young people aged 14-20 years. Measures of divergent thinking, specifically the Alternate Uses Task (AUT) and the Overcoming Knowledge Constraints Task, were used to this end. Openness to aesthetic and imaginative experience was the strongest predictor of creative potential for the 3 AUT measures. Moreover, Bayesian hypothesis testing revealed that the best predictive model for AUT ideational fluency and AUT overall originality was one that included only Openness, whereas the best predictive model for AUT peak originality, or the propensity to generate highly original responses, included Openness, as well as IQ and Engagement in Creative Hobbies. No group differences in creative potential were found between the three age cohorts (aged 14-15, 16-17, and 18-20). The study not only confirms the importance of openness to aesthetic and imaginative experience as a predictor of creative potential in adolescents and young adults, but also indicates the necessity to consider the combined and differentiated impact of individual and contextual factors in different facets of creative ideation.

Objective Heavy episodic drinking (HED) and high-intensity drinking (HID) are common in young adulthood but pose unique risks. Quantitative studies have used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Prototype-Willingness Model (PWM) to understand decision-making processes underlying alcohol misuse. However, our understanding of intentions (plans) and willingness (openness) for HED/HID is in its nascent stages. This study represents the first qualitative examination of relationships between intentions and willingness to engage in HED/HID. Method We conducted individual interviews among 28 young adult high-intensity drinkers (12 male, 15 female, 1 trans male; M age = 23 years). Interviews focused on HED/HID events with open-ended questions examining: (a) variability in intentions/willingness by occasion and within a drinking event; (b) formation of intentions for consumption and/or intoxication; and (c) interplay of willingness and intentions on heavy drinking nights. Verbatim transcripts were coded within NVivo software and content was analyzed using applied thematic analysis. Results Participants described intentions and willingness as varying by occasion and perceived their shifting across a drinking event. Intentions for heavy drinking reflected a desired level of intoxication, rather than a specific number of drinks. Willingness, rather than intentions, to engage in heavy drinking/HID was more evident. Conclusions Findings have significant implications for future measurement work in this area. There may be value in assessing intentions and willingness multiple times per day and during the drinking event itself. We also recommend that intentions for both consumption and intoxication levels be assessed, particularly in studies aiming to examine impaired control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Irrefutable evidence shows that greater openness toward external partners enhances a firm's ability to solve innovation-related problems. To manage open innovation (OI) projects, firms use a variety of governance modes, including market-based contracts, platform intermediaries, and equity and non-equity partnerships. While innovation projects can be very diverse and characterized by various attributes, such as complexity and knowledge hiddenness, only a few conceptual studies have hitherto considered project attributes as drivers of OI governance mode selection. Using a sample of 85 OI projects and a set of illustrative cases, this article explores empirically how project attributes influence OI governance mode selection. This empirical study advances previous conceptual work on OI governance. By accounting for project-level heterogeneity, we explore the microfoundations of OI and provide more stable and fundamental insights into OI governance than previous industry- and firm-level analyses did. In addition, we suggest that effective OI management depends on matching project attributes with the benefits and costs of specific governance modes. Finally, we argue that this study enhances understanding and conceptualization of the relationship between project complexity and decomposability in the context of OI.

This paper investigates the relationship between trade openness and labor productivity by accounting for the level of openness and the structure of exports in 61 developing countries over 1999-2018. Using panel vector autoregressive and Granger causality tests, we provide new evidence on the trade-productivity literature. We show that the trade-led productivity hypothesis does not hold for all countries, and only countries with higher levels of openness display essential productivity gains. We provide evidence for both export-led productivity and productivity-driven export hypotheses in our analysis. It is also evidenced that productivity gains can make domestic market production more efficient by reducing imports and improving the structure of exports. Following the prediction of the Dutch Disease phenomenon, we demonstrate that dependence on primary commodity exports is associated with lower labor productivity. Finally, we find that commodity-based economies should improve the overall labor productivity of their economies to accelerate economic diversification.

The virtue of humility and “humble leaders” have attracted increasing attention in leadership given the positive effects it can have on team and firm performance. In spite of what we know about the favorable outcomes of leader humility, we do not know much about how personality influences humble behaviors. How is leader humility related to personality? How can leaders develop humility? In this paper, we look at how the personality factors of Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, and Extraversion, lead to specific humble behaviors: self-awareness, appreciation of others, low self-focus, teachability, and self-transcendent pursuits. We find that the personality mix of Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness to Experience represents the substantial base for leader humility. At the same time, a humble leader can be introvert or extrovert, and can demonstrate different degrees of emotional stability. We offer recommendations and a behavioral inventory of leader humility that can be used by emerging leaders and by organizations to recruit and promote for humility, engage in behavioral modeling and coaching, and create interventions to develop leader humility.

This article investigates the asymmetric effect of internet access (index of the internet) on economic growth in 42 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 2008-2018.The estimation procedure is obtained following a dynamic panel threshold regression technique via 1000 bootstrap replications and the 400 grids search developed by Hansen (1996, 1999, 2000). The investigation first explores the presence of inflection points in the relationship between internet access and economic growth through the application of Hansen's threshold models. The finding from the nonlinearity threshold model revealed a significant internet threshold-effect of 3.55 percent for growth. The article also examines the linear short-run effect of internet access on economic growth while controlling for the effects of private sector credit, trade openness, government regulation, and tariff regimes. The marginal effect of internet access is evaluated at the minimum, and the maximum levels of government regulation and tariffs regime are positive. On the other hand, the minimum and maximum levels of private sector credit and trade openness are negative via the interaction terms. The article advances the literature by its nonlinear transformation of the relevance of internet access on economic growth by exploring interactive mechanisms of internet access versus financial resource, internet access versus trade, internet access versus government regulation, and internet access versus the tariff regimes from end-user subscriptions. In policy terms, the statistical significance of the joint impact of government regulations and tariff regimes is relevant in the operation of the telecommunication industry in SSA countries.

Donation-based crowdfunding, as part of impact investment, plays a vital role in promoting economic development and alleviating poverty. In order to enhance the lender's enthusiasm for lending behavior, some platforms, for example Kiva, have introduced groups to facilitate lending. This study examines how the group environment can affect the lenders’ behaviors in crowdfunding. It has been found that lenders who join groups contribute 1.2 more loans (about $30-$42) per month than those who do not, but the theoretical mechanism of these differences is unclear. To understand in depth how the group environment affects lending behaviors, we introduce and develop the Person-Organization fit theory and Free-rider theory in this study. Combining machine-learning techniques with empirical analysis, the results show that the matching degree of motivation between group and lender has a positive effect on the lender behavior, i.e., lending to loans, and this relationship is weakened by free-riding in large groups. In addition, the group openness can have different effects on lenders of different group sizes. Our research enriches the existing crowdfunding literature and fills the gap in the research on new lending models in crowdfunding, and it will also be useful for crowdfunding platforms in setting the rules for building groups.

Students' academic achievement is a key predictor of various life outcomes and is commonly used for selection as well as for educational monitoring and accountability. With regard to achievement indicators, a differentiation has traditionally been drawn between grades and standardized tests. There is initial, albeit inconclusive, evidence that these indicators might differentially reflect students' personality as encapsulated in the Big Five personality traits as well as measures of cognitive abilities. In this article, we propose the personality-achievement saturation hypothesis (PASH) as an overarching model that describes the association between achievement indicators and personality. The PASH suggests that the differentiation between grades and tests is too simplistic and that associations between personality and achievement instead vary across five main features of the achievement measures that are used: level of standardization, relevance for the student, curricular validity, instructional sensitivity, and cognitive ability saturation. On the basis of findings from prior studies, we focused in particular on conscientiousness and openness to test the PASH. We used data from three large-scale studies (total N = 14,953) and aggregated our findings across these studies. In line with the PASH, the Big Five trait of conscientiousness was most strongly related to measures that were less standardized and less saturated with cognitive ability but higher on curriculum validity, relevance, and instructional sensitivity. In addition, openness was most strongly related to measures that were higher on standardization and cognitive ability saturation but lower on relevance, curriculum validity, and instructional sensitivity in English.Educational Impact and Implications Statement Achievement measures are of central importance for student selection, employment, and educational policy, and according to a widely shared belief, they involve intellectual abilities as well as aspects of personality such as effort and persistence. Up to now, prior research has remained rather inconclusive about why achievement measures vary in their degree of personality saturation. In this study, we developed and successfully tested a new framework (the PASH), which categorizes achievement measures along five main features and thereby contributes to a better explanation of differential associations between personality traits and different achievement measures.

A large body of research has documented how personality develops across adulthood, yet very little longitudinal work has examined whether these findings generalize beyond predominantly middle-class, highly educated White American or Western European individuals. This preregistered study uses longitudinal data from 1,110 Mexican-origin adults who completed a well-validated personality measure, the Big Five Inventory, up to six times across 12 years. Individuals generally maintained their rank ordering on the Big Five over time (rs = .66-.80), and the relative ordering of the Big Five within persons was also highly stable (rs = .58-.66). All of the Big Five traits showed small, linear mean-level decreases across adulthood. These trajectories showed few associations with sociodemographic factors (sex, education level, and IQ) and cultural factors (generational status, age at immigration, Spanish/English language preference, Mexican cultural values, American cultural values, and ethnic discrimination). The statistically significant findings we did observe mostly concerned associations between cultural values and Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness. Acquiescence bias was also positively associated with Big Five personality trait scores at every wave. There was no evidence of mean-level change in the Big Five when including time-varying acquiescence scores as covariates in the models. Divergences between the present findings and previous research highlight the need to study personality development with diverse aging samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Innovation management research has recently pointed out that competitive advantage depends on the ability to connect knowledge at both intra- and inter-organisational levels through multiplex boundary work. Resource-based view (RBV) and knowledge-based view (KBV) can provide valuable and complementary insights to understand which individual-level determinants enable knowledge exchange through collaborative boundary work. Based on these arguments, we adopt a microfoundational approach to explore, through a multiple-embedded case study of seven small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs), the individual characteristics that make organisational members able to connect across boundaries and perform effective multiplex boundary work for collaborative innovation. Our findings show the relevance of three sets of individual determinants (i.e., openness to others, assertiveness, and balancing skills). This study extends the RBV and the KBV by identifying the main individual determinants that represent an essential resource base for leveraging internal and external knowledge in SMEs' engaging in multiplex boundary work for collaborative innovation.

How trade affects environmental emissions has generated heterogeneous results over the years. This is due to empirical ambiguities that are endemic in the literature. In order to evaluate and explain the discrepancy in the literature, this paper conducts a meta-analysis of 88 empirical studies published until 2018. Our results show that trade contributes to environmental emissions after controlling for publication bias and heterogeneity. In explaining the heterogeneous results across the primary studies, our findings largely suggest the estimated elasticities depend systematically on the estimation characteristics, the choice of pollutants and the publication characteristics of the primary studies. Accounting for heterogeneity, the result remains robust only for CO2 emissions compared to SO2. Overall, the trade elasticity of emissions effect remains robust when we decompose the analyses for different groups of countries, however, the emissions-content of trade is more pronounced for developed compared to developing countries.

Objetive: This paper analyzes the environmental Kuznets curve (ekc) for the North American Free Trade Agreement (nafta) countries during 1971-2014. Methodology: In this regard, unit root, co-integration, and causality tests are applied making use of the data panel approach. Results: Results suggest that the series in this research are integrated of order one, and a long-run relationship among variables is observed. Besides, the ekc hypothesis is confirmed. In addition, the analysis shows that renewable energy and trade openness contribute to reducing pollution in these countries. Limitations: Further research should be done to include other variables such as financial development and human capital. Originality: The present paper contributes to understanding the relationship between trade openness and renewable energy consumption, on the one hand, and pollution, on the other. Conclusions: Policies concerned to trade openness and environmental issues should consider renewable energy and trade to reduce pollutant emissions in these countries. Recepción: 11/12/2018 Aceptación: 06/03/2020

Given the increasing importance of the global sharing economy, consumers face the decision of whether to choose an access-based option versus an owned option. However, understanding of how consumers’ global–local identity may influence their preference for access-based consumption is rather limited. The authors fill this knowledge gap by proposing that consumers high in global identity (“globals”) have a greater preference for access-based consumption than those high in local identity (“locals”). Such effects are mediated by consumers’ consumption openness. Consistent with the “consumption openness” account, the authors find that when the desire for openness is enhanced by a contextual cue, locals’ preference for access-based consumption is elevated, whereas globals’ preference for access-based consumption is unaffected. However, when the desire for openness is suppressed by a contextual cue, globals’ preference for access-based consumption is reduced, whereas locals’ preference for access-based consumption is unaffected. Similarly, consumers’ traveler–settler orientation sets a boundary for the relationship between global–local identity and preference for access-based consumption, given its close association with consumption openness. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

Going from the knowledge-based view of the firm, we designed a framework to describe top management team's (TMT) external social capital as a determinant of the depth and breadth of external knowledge search strategies in open innovation and Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) innovation performance. Besides, we examined the significance of strategic knowledge integration in external knowledge search strategies and innovation performance. Using a sample of 252 Kenyan manufacturing SMEs, the authors applied partial least square to a structural equation model to test the suggested hypotheses. The findings reveal that firms with intense, more frequent, and closer TMT external social capital with external knowledge sources can enhance the stock of externally acquired knowledge, showing that TMT's external social capital plays a crucial role in facilitating the breadth and depth of external knowledge search strategies. The article also finds that external knowledge search breadth is more affected by TMT's external social capital, whereas strategic knowledge integration mediates external knowledge search practices and innovation performance. Therefore, firms with a good ability to identify new opportunities and dynamic strategic businesses tend to be more innovative. This article contributes to social capital and open innovation literature by analyzing two critical determinants: external social capital and strategic knowledge integration. This article attempts to address these gaps in the literature by linking TMT's external social capital, the search for external knowledge, and strategic knowledge integration to innovation performance.

Inter-firm openness is critical to creating an open innovation ecosystem. However, a method for measuring openness among ecosystem firms has not been developed. We demystify the largely implicit openness construct by introducing a five-dimensional, 20-item Inter-Firm Openness Scale (IFO-Scale). Using three qualitative and four quantitative data sets from two innovation hubs: Macquarie Business Park (Australia) and Silicon Valley (USA), we present the development and validation procedures in three interrelated studies. Study 1 generates a descriptive model of an open innovation ecosystem, identifies the critical openness dimensions among ecosystem firms, and refines items for measurement. Study 2 examines dimensionality and internal construct validity. Finally, Study 3 establishes the nomological- and criterion-related external construct validity. The IFO-Scale replicates across samples and demonstrates strong psychometric properties. The measure aids managers in assessing the degree of inter-firm openness in their innovation ecosystems and enable researchers to test and advance open innovation theory.

Against the background of fundamentally changing political and social requirements of agricultural production, the requirement profile of farmers has changed. The future of agriculture is widely discussed. To prepare a ground for future debates and policy programme design, it is essential to obtain an understanding of which values underlie the behaviour of farmers. This paper applies Schwartz's value theory to a large quantitative survey (N = 787) of German farmers. In addition to the overall value portrait, different value portraits within the sample of farmers are analysed. Farmers of the sample first and foremost prioritise self-transcendence values followed by openness to change. Conservation and self-enhancement are ranked to be less important within the value priorities of farmers. Furthermore, three different value portraits are identifiable within the sample. These groups differ significantly in their risk attitude and involvement in structural diversification. Implications for agricultural policy design and agricultural management are derived from the results.

Using a recent reform policy of stock market liberalization in China, the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect(SHSC), as a quasi-natural experiment, we investigate the effect of stock market liberalization on stock price synchronicity. The difference-in-difference analysis suggests that the implementation of the SHSC significantly reduces stock price synchronicity of eligible firms listed in the Shanghai Stock Exchange, and this effect mainly exists in listed firms with a lower degree of openness. Furthermore, we document that the SHSC promotes information transparency and voluntary disclosure frequency. At last, we find that the SHSC does not affect stock price synchronicity of eligible firms listed in the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

The wide availability of online social networks (OSNs) facilitates positive information spread and sharing. However, the high autonomy and openness of the OSNs also allow for the rapid spread of negative information, such as unsubstantiated rumors and other forms of misinformation that often elicit widespread public cognitive misleads and huge economic losses. Therefore, how to effectively control the negative information spread accompanied by positive information has emerged as a challenging issue. Unfortunately, this issue still remains largely unexplored to date. To fill this gap, we propose an efficient feedback control mechanism for the simultaneous spread of the positive and negative information in OSNs. Specifically, a novel computational model is first proposed to present the temporal dynamics of the positive and negative information spread. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism restrains the negative information spread with minimal system expenses by devising and performing three synergetic intervention strategies. Technically, this mechanism intensively evaluates the number of seed users performing three intervention strategies. Besides, each seed user performs the received control task independently, and then the control plan for the next time step is adjusted dynamically according to the previous feedback results. Finally, we evaluate the efficiency of the proposed mechanism based on the extensive experimental results obtained from two real-world networks.

Abstract. The vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is expressed across a continuum of clinical and subclinical symptoms and impairment known as schizotypy. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct with positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. Openness to experience offers a useful personality domain for exploring multidimensional schizotypy. This study examined the factor structure of openness and its relation to schizotypy using the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale-Brief (MSS-B) in a sample of 2,236 adults. Positive schizotypy was broadly associated with elevated openness and negative schizotypy was generally associated with diminished openness. Principal components analysis of 15 openness facets replicated the four-factor structure of openness including Fantasy/Feelings, Eccentricity, Nontraditionalism, and Ideas factors. All three schizotypy dimensions were associated with Eccentricity. Positive schizotypy was associated with Fantasy/Feelings, whereas negative schizotypy was inversely associated with Fantasy/Feelings. Results support the construct validity of the MSS-B, use of alternative openness measures in examining schizotypy, and the multidimensional structures of schizotypy and openness.

A long tradition of research has shown that personality traits, such as extraversion and agreeableness, and interpersonal constructs better predict job performance with a tacit but not explicit distinction in sales marketing activities. In this contribution, we aim to understand the role of job-related and interest data, interpersonal, and personality traits in affecting either inbound or outbound marketing activities and the overall sales performance. An original questionnaire integrates the interpersonal traits and personality factors reported in the literature in sales marketing activities (independent variables). The results were matched with the individual job-related and interest data (control variables) and sales performance (criterion variables) - expressed as the total number of closed contracts over the inbound/outbound related contacts of employees with responsibility in marketing activities for a large banking group. We are able to identify the relevant predictors of sales performance by creating full binary trees using control and independent variables in conditional inference forests and variable importance index measures. Higher performers in either inbound or outbound marketing activities rely on distinct personality sub-traits, which have fundamentally essential implications for interpersonal functioning, and personal data when agreeableness is central to the ability to function effectively in the interpersonal realm of sales activity.

The importance of lifelong learning is an indisputable fact both for the development of a knowledge society and for personal development. It is essential and has been regarded as a learning outcome in engineering courses. The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a massive shift in the higher education landscape. The migration to online learning poses questions on whether students can cope with the sudden transition in learning from the perspective of lifelong learning skills. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the characteristics of lifelong learning competencies and factors affecting lifelong learning among chemical engineering students at Monash University Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods study (questionnaires and interviews) was conducted to address the research questions. Forty-two percent of the students completed the questionnaires voluntarily. Among these, six students were randomly selected for the interviews. The questionnaires of the lifelong learning scale and factor scale were adopted from the existing literature. Statistical analyses (ANOVA, t-test, and multiple linear regression) were used to analyse the differences based on gender and level of study and the correlation between the two scales. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the interview scripts and support the quantitative analysis. The results showed that awareness, gender, and level of study do not affect lifelong learning competencies. Factors such as curiosity and openness to learning have affected the chemical engineering students’ lifelong learning competencies during the pandemic. Higher education should undertake to elicit curiosity and openness to learning among students to increase their propensity for lifelong learning.

Emerging digital technologies give rise to digital entrepreneurship and the widespread phenomenon of open source collaboration (OSC) on GitHub for entrepreneurial pursuits. Although openness is a common theme in digital entrepreneurship, it is unclear how digital startups—that is, startups that that have digital artifacts at the core of their business model for value creation and capture—actually realize value from their OSC engagement. We develop a theoretical framework to explain how the engagement in OSC may affect the value of digital startups and how the effect is contingent on the stage of venture maturity (conception, commercialization, or growth) and the mode of OSC engagement (inbound or outbound). In analyses that pool 17,552 matched digital startups with monthly panel observations between 2008 and 2017, we find digital startups in the conception and commercialization stages benefit more from inbound OSC whereas the ones in the growth stage benefit more from outbound OSC. As digital startups increasingly use OSC for ideation, experimentation, and scaling, our contribution is to show whether, when, and how knowledge flows through OSC might affect the value of digital startups. We discuss implications for research on organizing for digital entrepreneurship as well as open innovation.

This study applied a panel data of 37 African countries in examining the impact of trade openness and foreign direct investment on sustainable agriculture towards the attainment of the United Nation (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially, SDG-2, with the aim of ending extreme hunger, achieve food security and improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Data for the study was sourced from the Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) and World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank, for the period 2005 – 2019. To control for endogeneity, the study engaged the system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). The result shows that FDI and trade openness have significant negative impact on agricultural sustainability in Africa. This result implies that, increase in FDI may decrease agricultural sustainability by 0.00294%, while increase in trade openness may lower agricultural sustainability by 0.430066 %. Therefore, the study concludes that while trade openness is negative, policy to raise local production towards export promotion should be encouraged. In addition, FDI should be encouraged to augment local employment and investment towards increasing output and productivity in the Africa region.

India is turning inward. Domestic demand is assuming primacy over export-orientation and trade restrictions are increasing, reversing a 3-decade trend. This shift is based on three misconceptions, which we dispel: that India’s domestic market size is big, India’s growth has been based on domestic not export markets, and export prospects are dim because the world is deglobalizing. In fact, India still enjoys large export opportunities, especially in labour-intensive sectors such as clothing and footwear. But exploiting these opportunities requires more openness and more global integration. Abandoning export orientation is thus akin to killing the goose that lays golden eggs. Indeed, given constraints on public, corporate and household balance sheets, abandoning export orientation is akin to killing the only goose that can lay eggs.

Scenario-based studies agree that the technical potential for CO emissions reduction from the housing stock is large. This paper explores how a market might be developed for the refurbishment activities assumed in these scenarios, taking the existing market for repair, maintenance and improvement (RMI) as its starting point. Interviews with 16 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the construction industry reveal the interdependence of products, practices and processes in housing renovation activities. Conservative practice as well as innovation can be understood as the outcome of multi-lateral influences on firms from other firms, clients, the material buildings and products in their working lives, and from regulations and regulators. Contractors' openness to innovation is contingent on an informal approach to risk assessment, taking account of cost, time efficiency, client demands, and installer confidence in the reliability of the resulting work. The implications of the research are discussed in relation to the need for new practices and processes on refurbishment projects, raising questions for future research on key questions of quality assurance, performance over time, the application of standards, and vocational training. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Awe is a fascinating emotion, associated with positive consequences such as greater prosociality, generosity, and epistemic openness. Unfortunately, in spite of the weighty consequences of awe, the exact way in which it arises, and what it entails, is still a puzzle. Particularly puzzling is the question of whether awe is the result of expectancy violation. While awe is thought to arise in reaction to expectancy-violating objects or events, classical expectancy violations (e.g., a red queen of spades playing card) do not tend to cause awe. To shed light on this problem, we distinguished two types of expectancy violations-those that disconfirm and those that exceed one's expectancies-and we investigated whether awe is more likely to arise in reaction to one versus the other. We also looked at what appraisals constitute and are most important to the awe experience and how they structurally interact. To do this, we utilized network analysis and mapped out the network structure of appraisals linked to awe and to expectancy violations. Across two experimental studies (N = 823), we demonstrated that awe arises in reaction to exceeded (rather than disconfirmed) expectancies and that appraisals linked to exceeded expectancies (vastness and uniqueness) are central to awe, while appraisals linked to disconfirmed expectancies (uncertainty and inconsistency) are peripheral to the awe experience. Taken together, our investigation sheds new light on psychologists' understanding of expectancy violations and reveals when and how awe arises and what it entails. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

An important issue that plagues the research on counterdispositional behavior is that there has been a predominant, nearly exclusive focus on extraversion and conscientiousness. A significant disadvantage of this focus is that a boost in energy is expected when people act in a more conscientious or extraverted way, while, if these behaviors are not in line with one’s typical behavior, this could also be experienced as depleting and energy draining. What one observes when studying counterdispositional extraversion and conscientiousness is the net result of a complex mixture of both processes, which makes it hard to pinpoint which effects are due to which process. To arrive at a ‘purer’ test of the effects of counterdispositional behavior, we will focus on a personality dimension that is less energizing in nature: Openness to Experience. A second issue is that, up until recently, research has exclusively relied on indirect measures of counterdispositional behavior, whereas one could also directly ask people how well their current behavior matches or deviates from their typical behavior. This direct measure captures one’s subjective feeling or perception of (in)congruent behavior and given that subjective perceptions have the potential to be more predictive for subjective and attitudinal outcomes than objective measures, we believe this is a valuable contribution. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to examine the affective and cognitive consequences of both a direct and an indirect measure of counterdispositional openness.

We administer a survey to thousands of affluent Americans about their personalities and investments. The Big Five personality traits can explain the heterogeneity among investors in their beliefs about the stock market and economy, risk preferences, and social-interaction tendencies. Two personality traits---Neuroticism and Openness---stand out in their explanatory powers for equity investments. Both investors with high Neuroticism and those with low Openness tend to allocate less to equity. While the former behavior is due to pessimism about future stock returns, the latter is due to high risk aversion. We find consistent out-of-sample evidence in a representative panel of Australian households.

This preregistration is a conceptual replication and extension of a previous study examining whether psychological experiences with art associated with meaning in life among samples with varying expertise and experience with art, including an online sample of adults (n = 100) recruited by CloudResearch.

Although the study of personality is one of the major themes in psychology, its role in the second language acquisition (SLA) process has not been unanimously acknowledged. The overall scarcity and obscurity of research outcomes can be attributed to methodological problems and lack of firm grounding in the vast field of personality theories. Moreover, it appears that personality may not exact an easily observable, direct effect on L2 behaviours and success. This paper is an attempt to broaden the understanding of the role of personality in the SLA field. Its main aim is to establish the predictive value of the personality dimensions (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness) for students’ EFL attainments operationalized as self-perceived levels of foreign language skills and final grades. The participants of the study were 560 secondary grammar school students who responded to a questionnaire created for the research purposes. The research revealed that the dimension predicting the two forms of EFL attainments was Openness to experience, Neuroticism predicted only self-assessed skills, while Conscientiousness and Agreeableness - final grades. It can be concluded that in most cases, a successful language student is characterised by intellectual independence and higher levels of verbal skills that underpin Openness to experience.

Marriage equality has been a topic of political debate worldwide, with several countries legalising marriage between two consenting adults regardless of sex or gender since the early 2000s. In 2017, Australia legalised marriage equality through the Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017. This decision followed a voluntary postal survey open to adult citizens to gauge public support for marriage equality. Although marriage equality was legislated, there is a need to understand community attitudes in order to promote safe environments for all citizens. Our study investigated demographic, personality characteristics, and social factors predictive of both attitudes towards marriage equality and response to the postal survey. Data were obtained from 250 Australian respondents through an anonymous online survey. Participants held positive attitudes towards marriage equality and 82% had returned a survey in favour of marriage equality. Attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people, sex, sexuality, geographic location, religious fundamentalism, social political conservatism, degree of comfort with gay and lesbian people, attitudes to marriage and marriage gender roles, gender role beliefs, general empathy, empathy towards same sex attracted people, and right-wing authoritarianism predicted attitudes to marriage equality and/or survey response. Findings suggest that increasing empathy towards and contact with LGBTQ+ people may increase more positive attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people and marriage equality.

This preregistration is a conceptual replication and extension of a previous study examining whether psychological experiences with art associated with meaning in life among samples with varying expertise and experience with art, including an online sample of adults (n = 100) recruited by CloudResearch.

Since the turn of the twenty-first century, popular Malay television fiction has been thriving and gaining popularity. Through staggering online reruns, this sheer popularity broadens the expanse of multifaceted issues. This paper contextualizes popular TV fiction within a space of imperfection, focusing on audience responses to Julia, Adam & Hawa, and About Dhia. Using the lens of democratic habits of mind according to Mezirow: “respect for others, self-respect, willingness to accept responsibility for the common good, willingness to welcome diversity and to approach others with openness,” this paper reveals two of the many emerging themes, namely, forgiveness and repentance, which can intensify possibilities for acknowledging human faults, vulnerability, and imperfection between the private/public and self/society. By considering reactions of some of the many popular TV fiction audience, this paper presents unfolding, interactive twenty-first-century insights into what it means to pursue an imperfect duty, whose responsibility could be understood in the sense of forgiveness and repentance.

Problem setting. Urban revitalization is a complex process of overcoming spatial, economic, social, cultural, ecological crisis phenomena of degraded urban territories functioning. Despite the growing attention in the development of urban policy on sustainable development, substantiation in this context of the goals and effective tools for revitalization of degraded urban areas remains an urgent task of theory and practice in public administration at the present stage. Recent research and publications analysis. Among native scientists engaged in research of various aspects in public management of sustainable territories development, it is necessary to point out: M. Averkin, V. Babayev, Z. Buryk, M. Voychuk, Z. Gerasimchuk, I. Degtyarev, V. Kuybid, O. Matveyev, O. Petroe, O. Sych, D. Tarasenko, V. Udovychenko, A. Chechel. In general, scientists have developed theoretical and methodological principles of the public policy impact on sustainable development in regions and cities. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. However, the further development of the public administration science requires the disclosure of methodological tools for specific local policies to ensure sustainable development, particularly the revitalization of the city. This problem has not yet been covered in native science. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the goals and identify effective tools for sustainable development of the degraded territory, which should be used by urban governments in developing a policy of urban revitalization, based on the analysis of the evolution of the concept for world’s sustainable development. Paper main body. Since the end of the twentieth century the concept of sustainable development is reflected at the local level, emphasizing the responsibility of local authorities implementing its goals. In the adopted Agenda for the XXI century (2015) the territorial dimension of sustainable development was emphasized, particularly the importance of endogenous factors and mechanisms of development “from the bottom up”. At the same time, rapid urbanization in the world has highlighted the role of cities in which there is an urgent need to balance development. Thus, in economically developed countries, the revitalization of degraded urban areas is becoming widespread as an instrument of sustainable development policy at the local level. Given the inevitability of urbanization and the growing importance of cities in the global economy, for the first time a separate sustainable development goal – “11. Sustainable development of cities and communities” was identified. Therefore, the actions of public authorities should be aimed to ensure the openness, security and sustainability of cities. In turn, the revitalization of cities should contribute to the achievement of 11 global goals, as well as ensure the implementation of other goals of the Global Agenda. There are many tools to ensure the sustainable development of the degraded area in the process of the city revitalization. In countries, they differ according to their historical, legal, spatial and other conditions. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Local governments are key players in the implementation of the Global Agenda for Sustainable Development until 2030, including the Sustainable Development Goals. They must develop effective measures to address socially significant issues that hamper sustainable development, including overcoming the degradation of urban areas. The guidelines for the formation of the city’s revitalization policy should be 17 Sustainable Development Goals, as they contain the main tasks of economic, social and environmental nature for the territory development. All Sustainable Development Goals in the process of revitalization of degraded urban areas can be achieved using the following groups of tools: planning, support, market, financial, tax and other legal instruments. Further research should focus on the study of tools for public participation in the development of policies for the city revitalization, which in modern conditions belong to the basic methodological foundations of urban management.

Problem setting. Given the need for the development of small cities, the world practice has developed a number of concepts based not on increasing production capacity, but on the development of creative areas of the economy. Thus, the concept of a glocal city, or stimulation of glocalization processes, is quite effective for the development of such cities.Recent research and publications analysis. The very concept of “glocalization” dates back to its widespread use from the end of the twentieth century, its origins in the sociological research of R. Robertson and M. Epstein. In the meaning of this term, they invested such a combination of globalization and localization in which informal components (mentality, cultural traditions, features) are closely intertwined with communicative practices due to the existing globalization features. R. Robertson, studying the phenomenon of glocalization, argued that global trends and local features can harmoniously complement each other, although sometimes in confrontation.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Given the development trends of the modern world, we note that localization and globalization (which together are glocalization) and open network economy - the key vectors of development of countries, regions and territories. At the same time, the concept of a glocal city is little studied and insufficiently represented in the domestic science and practice of public administration.Paper main body. Globalization involves the use of modern information technology, which allows for much less resource to spread information far beyond the city, and therefore the use of elements of image marketing strategies of territories are also available and possible.It is with the choice of a creative trajectory of development that a small town has a real opportunity not only to become more attractive, but also to consolidate the efforts of the three sectors present in the area around a single concept. Finally, glocalization creates a reliable and adaptive platform for business development: a clear positioning and presence in the information field attracts investors, and the uniqueness of the proposed product determines the demand for it.Since the basis of glocalization is a combination of globalization and localization, the basic here is the reorientation towards the creative economy. The main feature of the creative economy is that the main product in it is innovation, the resource for the production of which is certain information.The concept of “glocal city” is a very unique form of creative economy, which chooses one key vector of development, a common brand / concept / idea / uniqueness, around which the activities of all actors present in the small town: business, public, cultural figures, etc.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. One of the important vectors of small town development at the present stage is its transformation into glocal. Such transformations require a reorientation to a new path, namely the creation and functioning of a creative economy based on globality, freedom of access, openness and peer-to-peer. Such a reorientation, first of all, requires proper management support from local governments.