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Traditional approaches to understanding the emergence and mobilization of social movements focused primarily upon fluctuations in the hearts and minds of aggrieved individuals. Analysts of social movements inspired by the accelerated founding rates of more or less bureaucratically organized groups of citizens in the 1960s—joining early risers in the organizational field some of which, such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), had emerged in the nineteenth century—began to focus more directly upon the central mediating role that social movement organizations (SMOs) play in mobilizing social movement activity. Zald and Ash (1966) first systematically deployed the concept in their classic paper that effectively challenged the universality of Roberto Michels' (1949) “iron law of oligarchy.” Denotatively bounding the SMO, their analyses referenced civil rights movement organizations of the 1960s, including the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) and the NAACP, as well as the American Communist Party and the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). The concept was later more clearly specified by McCarthy and Zald (1973: 1218): “A social movement organization (SMO) is a complex, or formal organization which identifies its preferences with a social movement or a counter-movement and attempts to implement those goals.” In subsequent years, the term and its acronym, SMO, have come into widespread use as scholars have sought to understand patterns of SMO emergence, variations in SMO structure, and functioning. Keywords: bureaucracy; movements; protests; public participation; resource mobilization

Researchers and practitioners are increasingly interested in understanding how organizations transform their value proposition and practices using digital technologies. While extant literature offers important empirical and theoretical insights into digital transformation in individual organizations, we know little about how adopting organizations within an organizational field react differently over time to the same digital transformation initiative. This is unfortunate, as such insights can help scholars and managers understand option repertoires and constraints in handling digital transformation ideas that travel into organizations. Against this backdrop, we had access to a unique case over an eighteen-year period, which shows how organizations within the Danish homecare field reacted differently to a nation-wide digital transformation initiative on mobile technology use. To analyze this case, we applied the Virus Theory as a promising perspective for examining how and why the same digital technology and transformation idea occasions different reactions in similar contexts. Our analysis highlights the emerging, fluctuating, and consequential nature of digital transformation within the Danish homecare field that led to very different reactions across the adopting organizations. Drawing on this analysis, we contribute to the expanding literature on digital transformation by providing theoretical and practical knowledge about variations in how organizations within an organizational field react over time to digital transformation ideas.

Although certainly of a much older (or even ancient) origin, during the last two decades or so project networks have become an established object of management and organization research in general and project management studies in particular. While projects are a common, if not the most common form of a temporary organization, project networks are typically conceived as being more than an only temporary form, combining – like other forms of project-based organizing – the temporary with the permanent in a specific manner. For in the case of project networks, the coordination of the temporary is enabled (but also restrained) by the more permanent networks of past relationships to other critical actors and their resources on the one hand. On the other, however, the prospects to maintain or re¬activate these relationships for future collaborations have an influence on respective coordinative practices in the present. As a consequence of coordinating relationships in the shadow of the past as well as in the shadow of the future, project networks are strictly speaking of a semi-temporary rather than a merely temporary nature. While there is still some debate about how exactly to define and conceptualize this particular organizational form, project managers have always known that in many if not most settings there is more to managing projects than managing just the temporary. Respective management tasks indeed even go, as will be shown shortly, beyond having an eye on the interface to the surrounding, immediate and more permanent structures of the organization, the inter-organizational network and/or the organizational field and how they support or constrain temporary organizing.

The article analyzes the intergation processes in the post-Soviet space and shows that their direction is determined by the competition of states in a specific organizational field of political values. The effectiveness of the governments in this field depends directly on their ability to switch between the political values of the country and universal aggregations. This ability is becoming a key attribute of the empirical sovereignty of the state today. It is shown that in the conditions of asymmetric integration into the EU space in post-socialist countries and insufficient integration in the former Soviet republics, the accomplishment of this function requires specific institutional adaptations: differentiation between buffer mechanisms responsible for communication with external value systems, and the core that holds the deep value complexes of the community. The stability of the organizational bundle of state sovereignty and identity, the specifics of its functionaries in the post-Soviet space are described as giving the Russian Federation an opportunity of value action, focused on the population of post-Soviet and post-socialist countries and bypassing communications with pro-European-oriented and subordinated power apparatuses.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether positive organizational behavior, which is a new subject in the organizational field, has an effect on organizational commitment, which has been researched in the literature. The sample of the study consisted of 179 employees working in five different manufacturing companies in Istanbul. Survey technique was used as data collection technique in the research. The questionnaire form consists of three parts. The first part includes demographic information, the second part includes the positive organizational behavior scale, and the third part includes the organizational commitment scale. The data obtained as a result of the research were analyzed statistically. These analyzes are frequency distribution, correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was found that there is a positive, statistically significant relationship between positive organizational behavior and organizational commitment. In addition, according to simple linear regression analysis; It was determined that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between positive organizational behavior and organizational commitment.

U.S. journalism during the Trump era has experienced numerous legitimacy attacks by the leading political figure. Building on the concepts of institutional legitimacy and intentional trust, this study analyzes legitimation narratives in projections of journalism’s future, using the Harvard University’s NiemanLab Predictions of Journalism from 2017 to 2021. Projectory narratives are meaningful constructions of a field’s future and provide guidance for its actors. The qualitative analysis of a Trump-related subset of predictions (ca. n = 130) convey (1) confrontational narratives of threat, self-reproach, and epistemological authority loss. Confrontational narratives serve to secure consent for suggested transparency and audience relationship building solutions. These (2) solution narratives represent trustification strategies. Lastly, (3) survival narratives aim at regaining authority and agency through legacy mythopoesis and the construction of a cautiously optimistic post-Trump outlook for journalism. Hence, the analysis of projectory narratives reveals how an organizational field collectively prepares for change to regain legitimacy.

In this paper, we leverage the concept of organizational field, currently under-explored in international business literature, to understand how Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) from developed markets (DMs) strategically manage their institutional context in emerging markets (EMs). To develop theoretical arguments, we focus on institutional strategies and theorize how and to what extent MNEs in central, peripheral, and intermediate field positions engage with host country institutions in EMs. Using an international business perspective, organizational theory, and illustrations from EMs, we develop a dynamic view of field positions to identify how MNEs’ intermediate repositioning trajectories in between the field’s center and the periphery, driven by environmental and corporate factors, lead to the associated changes in the form and scope of institutional strategies deployed in EMs. In doing so, we offer testable propositions for future research.

Organizational transformation based on capabilities and, implicitly, the transfer of experience and expertise between different generations are valuable and interesting organizational processes to increase organizational performance, regardless of the type of organization. In the field of human resources, the temporary succession of different typologies of generations (Z, Millennials, etc.) has brought to the attention of theorists and practitioners the need to reconsider practices to reach the audience with the most appropriate message, in terms of gaining the most appropriate resource, its formation and loyalty throughout their career. An important role, certainly amplified by the context of the pandemic crisis, is held by the formative component (through basic specialized education and through specialized trainings or training sessions) and subsequently, the way in which good managerial practices are highlighted in it. In the general framework described in this article, it is intended to highlight the existing particularities for the military field, with emphasis on the university dimension, considering the premise that the cultivation of successful managerial behaviors is a factor in increasing knowledge in the field of defense. Using mainly qualitative research methods, several possible directions are proposed for the development of solutions specific to the field mentioned in the title, which would contribute to making the current practice more dynamic.

Organizational scholars are increasingly interested in understanding how ideas travel across an organizational field. While most studies focus on how travelling ideas translate into organizational practices, we lack insights into the broader issue of how ideas translate as they move among heterogeneous actors across the field. To explore this multidirectional travelling of ideas, we build on the notion of translation ecology to capture the ongoing interactions among field members as they are involved in translation work within and outside adopting organizations. To develop our argument, we draw from a longitudinal, 20-year case study of a public sector digital transformation programme in Denmark through which ideas about mobile technology use for caregivers spread across the entire homecare field. By following the mobile technology initiative over time, we show how ideas travelled in multiple directions as adopting organizations and other influential field actors participated in and contributed to diverse practices across organizations. Based on our analyses, we identify three distinct forms of multidirectional idea travelling – reinforcing, complementing and polarizing – and describe how they together shape the morphing of ideas as they move among heterogeneous actors in a translation ecology. As a result, we advance knowledge about multidirectional idea travelling as an under-theorized and important perspective in the translation literature.

Positive public perceptions of academic quality and professional ethics are critical to the long-term legitimacy of American colleges and universities. Faculty codes of conduct are one mechanism whereby the professoriate can define acceptable practice, exercise social control, and maintain public confidence in higher education, yet the drivers of their adoption are not well understood. Building upon previous research into such organizational behavior by institutional type, this study examined the prevalence and content of publicly posted faculty codes of conduct within an organizational field of institutions that share a common religious identity but differ in their institutional types and employment structures. Faculty handbooks from American member institutions of the Council for Christian Colleges & Universities (CCCU), an international association of faith-based institutions, were gathered and analyzed. Although only 27% of CCCU member institutions in the U.S. (36/135) publicly posted faculty codes of conduct, the average number of tenets present in each code (n = 7.5) was higher than suggested by previous research. Study findings also revealed that membership category, institutional type, and employment structures influence the content of faculty codes of conduct, indicating that isomorphic pressures operate within this particular organizational field. The piece concludes by commending publicly posted codes of conduct as an affirmation of the personal responsibility, fairness, and care exercised by ethical professionals in the academy.

PurposeInitiated by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) over half a century ago, fair trade has successfully evolved from a regional business discourse to a global social movement within international trade. In the matter of fair trade coffee, this global social movement has transformed the traditional coffee trade structure of inequality and unfairness into a conglomerate of international institutions that embrace equity and inclusivity – a metamorphosis that can be attributed to NGOs’ institutional entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachIn this exploratory study, the authors examine the fair trade coffee industry and trace the actions of NGOs along with other stakeholders at the organizational field level, in moving toward an inclusive model of globalization.FindingsDeparting from exploitative globalization, fair trade practices advocate inclusive growth through the promotion and establishment of greater equity for all as well as higher environmental standards in global value chains.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to nascent research on inclusive growth by analyzing how fair trade promotes inclusive growth and trade in GVCs. This study also contributes to research on institutional entrepreneurship by examining two enabling conditions – the shift in institutional logics and the peripheral social position of NGOs – that enabled NGOs to serve as institutional entrepreneurs in the initiation phase of institutional entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsPolicymakers may encourage collaboration between profit organizations and nonprofit organizations to provide entrepreneurial opportunities for trials, errors, and revisions. The evolution of fair trade coffee provides such an example.Social implicationsThe coevolution of NGOs and MNEs has made the globalization of fair trade practices possible. The collaboration between NGOs as institutional entrepreneurs (operating on the community logic) and MNEs as institutional followers (operating on the financial logic) support inclusive globalization and sustain fair trade practices.Originality/valueDrawing on the process model of institutional entrepreneurship, the authors seek to understand the role of NGOs as institutional entrepreneurs in the dynamics of initiating, diffusing and sustaining fair trade coffee practices.

[要約]本稿では，１９９０年代以降急激に市場規模が縮小している陶磁器産業において，相対的に出荷額の縮小幅を抑えることに成功し，結果，市場シェアを増加させている波佐見焼産地の分業構造の変化を分析する。とりわけ，明治期から昭和５０年までの期間に生じた産地内の分業構造の変化を生み出した要因を探求する。これにより，産地内分業構造が産地間関係の影響を受けて形成されていること，および，産地内企業が果たす機能によって産地に対する認識が異なり，異なる戦略が形成されることが示唆された。[Abstract] In this research we analyze the restructuring of regional specialization in the Hasami porcelain production area which was successful to relatively curb the decline in its shipment volume and consequently increased its market share under the circumstances which the market size of Japan’s porcelain industry has shrunk since the 1990s. In particular, factors facilitating the restructuring of regional specialization in the porcelain production area during the period from 1868 to 1975 are to be explored. Through this exploration the following two points are suggested. First, the regional specialization in question is formed primarily by the influence of relationships with other porcelain production areas. Second, different strategies are formed in individual firms within the porcelain production area since they have different perceptions about the said area due to the differences between the functions that they perform.

The subject of the study is conflict, its essence and conflictological culture from the point of view of the formation of the company’s employees’ behavior style in conflict situations in the organizational field. The article considers components of the conflictological culture, the contexts of conflicts and the optimal styles of behavior of the individual. Due to the fact that the behavior of the opponent is a marker for the adoption of an effective strategy of actions, the author examines effective conflict management based on the study of the types of behavior of the opponent in a conflict situation. The paper notes that the conflictological culture of the individual in the context of problematic interpersonal interaction acts as an integrative quality based on the existential-humanistic apparatus of values, communicative, behavioral and psychological culture, and manifests itself in the optimal tactics of behavior aimed at constructive conflict resolution. The study concludes that conflict, as a phenomenon, contains the potential for the development and improvement of employees’ experience and skills in resolving difficult situations.

The organizational field is the result of interactions over time between organizations, individuals and the context in which they are inserted. The foundations of the new institutional theory allow this reading and, in this sense, the objective of this research was to identify which institutional factors influenced the formation of the Gastronomic Pole in the Santa Felicidade District, in the city of Curitiba, Capital of Parana, Brazil. To achieve this purpose, the qualitative research strategy was used, in which documentary research on the tourist-gastronomic sector of the referred neighborhood was adopted as a method, considering a sectional profile with longitudinal evaluation, in the period from 1878 to 2020. The data collected were analyzed using the thematic content analysis technique and the analytical categories used were institutional entrepreneurship at the action level and institutions in the context. It was concluded that the institutional entrepreneurship performed by the social actors allowed the evolution of the organizational field in this location, enabling the formation of the investigated Gastronomic Pole.

Este artículo presenta una serie de conversaciones entre territorio y estudios organizacionales latinoamericanos a partir de cuatro paradigmas: los sistemas complejos, el poder, la cultura y la gobernanza. Además, propone un nuevo significado para el territorio: se concibe como un campo organizacional desde el ámbito de los estudios organizacionales. Reflexionar de esta forma el territorio no solo permite encontrar nuevas alternativas para comprenderlo, explicarlo o analizarlo, sino también posibilitará avanzar en el estudio de las organizaciones al incorporar la dimensión territorial. En este abordaje, existe como premisa fundamental entender que en la dimensión espacial hay presencia de organizaciones, aspecto que le otorga un carácter organizacional. Se termina con algunas interrogantes que pudieran avanzar en la construcción de la agenda de investigación organizacional que enriquecería las conversaciones con los estudios organizacionales en Latinoamérica.

We develop a model of practices undertaken by project managers to address the challenges of organizational fields in an emerging economy context. We anchor the model in a qualitative study of project managers’ activities in a major construction industry firm in India. We make three contributions. First, our study illustrates how the micro activities of project managers, in coordination with the actions of senior management, address the emerging economy challenges, and project managers’ responses hold lessons for the emerging literature on “projects as practice.” Second, we augment the dominant cognitive orientation in the discussion of organizational fields in project management literature with a practice perspective. Finally, we enrich the institutional theory stream in project management. In addition to the mechanisms identified in that stream of literature, our data suggest that the activities of project managers in major construction projects may act as a mechanism of transition in emerging economies. While the project managers in the Indian construction industry firm undertook numerous field building activities that were crucial for their projects’ success, these activities were simultaneously addressing major gaps in the economic infrastructure of India. Thus, our data portray construction industry managers as not merely engaged in project execution, but as active participants in the economic transition of a country. Similarly, labor and supplier markets in India were underdeveloped, and the projects had to bear the cost of this development.

This study examines social closure processes in the organizational field of higher education and their implications with respect to Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Using insti...

La actividad normativa ha venido protagonizada por dos normas con rango de Ley. El Decreto-ley núm. 3/2019, de Medidas urgentes para la adecuación ambiental y territorial de las edificaciones irregulares y el Decreto-Ley núm. 4/2019, de Fomento de iniciativas económicas mediante la agilización y simplificación administrativas. En el horizonte se atisba una iniciativa pionera de y la codificación y simplificación de la normativa ambiental propiciada desde la Unión Europea. En el ámbito organizativo mediante Decreto del Presidente 2/2019, de 21 de enero, sobre reestructuración de Consejerías, Medio Ambiente pasa de Ordenación del Territorio a Agricultura.

This article analyses the diversification of research systems by focusing on the role of the new population of centres created by universities, public research organizations, and firms for the purpose of knowledge transfer and exchange. It departs from the mix of policies and the structural conditions in Spain which resulted in an organizational field frequently unnoticed in research evaluation exercises. An original methodology combining a map of centres and a survey has been used to observe their profiles, activities, and internal organization. This study highlights the role of hybrid research organizations in the system and the importance of institutionalization processes to shape their portfolio of activities and outcomes. In the conclusions, methodological and practical implications are provided for an understanding of the heterogeneity of research systems as a result of collaboration between academic science and industry.

PurposeThis essay raises a concern about the trajectory that new institutionalism has been following during the last decades, namely an emphasis on heterogeneity, change and agentic behavior instead of isomorphism and conformist behavior. This is a crucial issue from the perspective of the philosophy and methodology of science since a theory that admits both change and stability as a norm has less scientific weight then a theory that predicts a prevalence of passivity and isomorphism over change and strategic behavior. The former provides explanations and predictions while the latter does not.Design/methodology/approachThe paper offers an analysis of the nature, characteristics, functions and boundaries of institutional theories in the spirit of philosophy and methodology of science literature.FindingsThe power of the former institutional theory developed by Meyer, Rowan, DiMaggio and Powell lies in its generalization, explanation and prediction of observable and unobservable phenomena: as a typical organizational theory that puts forward directional predictions, it explains and predicts the tendency for organizations to become more similar to each other over time and express less strategic and interest-driven behavior, conforming to ever-increasing institutional pressures. A theory of isomorphism makes scientific predictions while its modern advancements do not. Drawing on Popper's idea of the limit of domains of explanation and limited domains of theories we present two propositions that may direct our attention towards the strength or weakness of institutional theories with regard to their explanations of organizational processes and behavior.Practical implicationsThe paper draws implications for further theory building in institutional analysis by suggesting the nature of institutional explanations and the place of institutional change in the theoretical apparatus. Once institutional theory explains the tendency of the system towards equilibrium, there is no need to explain the origins and causes of radical changeper se. Institutional isomorphism theory explains and predicts how even after radical changes organizational fields will move towards isomorphism, that is, institutional equilibrium. The task is, therefore, not to explain agency and change but to show that it is natural and inevitable processes that organizational field will return to isomorphic dynamics and move towards homogenization no matter how much radical change occurred in this field.Originality/valueThe paper discusses the practical problems with instrumental utility of institutional theories. In order to be useful any theory must clearly delineate its boundaries and offer explanations and predictions and it is only the former 1977/1983 institutional theory that satisfies these requirements while modern advancements merely offer ambiguous theoretical umbrellas that escape empirical tests. For researchers therefore it is important to recognize which theory can be applied in a given limited domain of research and which one has little or no value.

Los centros de trabajadores son organizaciones co munitarias que prestan servicios, intervienen políticamente a y mo vilizan a trabajadores de bajos salarios, principalmente migrantes, en Estados Unidos. El presente artículo analiza los centros de traba jadores como campo organizativo, prestando atención a los facto res que originan tanto isomorfismo como heterogeneidad. A partir del estudio etnográfico llevado a cabo en el área metropolitana de Nueva York, se concluye que ante un contexto de segmentación del mercado de trabajo y de ausencia de implicación sindical en los mercados de trabajo secundarios, la respuesta de los trabajadores migrantes se ha concentrado en el desarrollo de formas organizati vas propias que presentan como principal activo el recurso a la re des que se conforman y (re) crean para adaptarse. Asimismo, como campo organizativo, las redes entre estas organizaciones implican tanto colaboración como rivalidad. En este sentido, se identifican dos grandes modelos: uno que tiende a la institucionalización y otro que ponen énfasis en la acción directa en los lugares de trabajo. Worker centers are community-based organizations that provide services, undertake political advocacy and organize low-waged workers, mainly migrants, in the USA. This article at tempts to analyze worker centers as an organizational field, paying attention to the factors that foster both isomorphism and heteroge neity. Drawing on an ethnographic study in NYC metropolitan area, it concludes that before a context of segmentation of the labor mar ket and lack of trade union engagement in secondary labor markets, the response of migrant workers has focused on developing their own organizational forms, whose main asset are the networks that are (re) created for adapting. In addition, as an organizational field, the networks among these organizations imply both collaboration and competition. In this sense, the article identifies two main mod els: one that tends to institutionalization and another that put em phasis on direct action and the workplace.

The present paper analyzes and discusses of the best practices offered by the Russian universities in the field of organization of practice-based training in engineering specializations. Based on the integrated approach to forming professional competences and generic skills in university engineering graduates, the professional portfolio of a university engineering graduate is viewed as the three in one set of competences including those in research, engineering and development entrepreneurship. Based on the review of documentation, reports, information databases, including the analysis of the statistical findings, the authors discuss the main global trends in the development of engineering education and training and offer the solutions to tackle the priority objectives in organizational field of university performance, teaching and learning processes organization and teaching aids development. The article discusses the educational practices of the six leading Russian engineering universities from the standpoint of the implemented teaching and learning formats, correspondent teaching aids development and the organizational solutions. The authors dwell on the example of Tomsk polytechnic university (TPU) in providing practice-based training to university students in physics, the critical organizational solutions in teaching and learning as well as approaches to teaching aids development that enable to shape the professional portfolio of a future engineer from the viewpoint of professional competences and generic skills enhancement. The discussed TPU experience in the field of practice-based training in physics is realized in compliance with the complex, integrative approach to forming the trinity of research, engineering, and entrepreneurship competences in a university engineering graduate. The designed system of practice-based engineering training implemented at TPU can be successfully extrapolated to the bachelor, master and PhD degree training of engineering students.

Institutional change is typically studied at the organizational field level; we leverage political culture to examine how the context in which these fields are embedded influence processes of institutional change within such fields. Specifically, we look at the effect of conservative political culture on legitimation and adoption of crowdfunding in the United States. We find that crowdfunding is less popular and more slowly legitimated in conservative regions. However, we also find that crowdfunding’s legitimacy is more important in these regions and that once a legitimacy threshold is reached, the adoption of crowdfunding in conservative regions surpasses that in liberal regions.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to expand the theory on multistory cultural change by showing how a dominant narrative on construction safety dynamically interrelates and is contested on multiple intertextual levels in an organizational field of organizations contributing to the recovery of houses in an earthquake region.Design/methodology/approachAn ethnoventionist research approach was adopted in which interpretation of data to find narratives and designing interventions went hand-in-hand.FindingsWe found four distinctive composite narratives besides the dominant narrative to which five actors refer in their accounts, thereby contributing to three types of story patterns. These narratives disclose the taken-for-granted ideas and beliefs that characterize the challenge of changing organizational culture. One intervention, which intended multiple stories to touch the surface, was highlighted as a multistory intervention.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research could extend the knowledge on other change interventions that contribute to multistory cultural change processes.Originality/valueAdopting an ethnoventionist approach to provide deep insights on an unfolding cultural change process for both scholars and practitioners.

Finding a successor has become a severe challenge for family firms in Germany. As family firms are disproportionately concentrated in rural economies, succession has also become a considerable threat for peripheral regions and their labor markets. It therefore lies in the interest of regional stakeholders to help support family business continuity. One way to do this is by providing consulting services for family entrepreneurs, especially when searching for a family-external successor. Succession consultancy, however is still in its infancy. Applying the framework of the organizational field that centers on the concept of legitimacy, this paper examines the strategies consultants employ in order to get selected by family entrepreneurs in their succession process, as well as consultants’ strategies to match family firms with external successors. Based on expert interviews with succession consultants in the region of Upper Palatinate in Bavaria, we demonstrate the importance of geography and interpersonal linkages in establishing legitimacy in the early stages of field formation, when heterogeneous groups of actors offer their services without set rules or standards. Our content analysis sheds light on the variety of strategies based on trust, networked, and public reputation in order to gain legitimacy as consultants, depending on whether or not they can draw on existing relationships with family firms. We furthermore identify a discrepancy between these legitimation strategies and the actual ways that consultants use to match family firms with external successors. Here, regardless of their previous contact with family firms, geography plays a major role in constraining both consulting and succession: Family firms more readily accept local consultants, and the consultants also preferred to screen succession candidates through their regional networks due to the higher chances of successful succession when finding external successors from within the same region. Conceptually, our analysis contributes to institutional theory by carving out legitimacy-enhancing mechanisms in emerging organizational fields, and by demonstrating the crucial role of geography and interpersonal linkages for succession as well as field formation processes.

PurposeThe paper represents a starting point of a broader research project in strategic start-up communication. The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the current state of research in this area and to compare those insights with an explorative study on the start-up ecosystem.Design/methodology/approachA neo-institutional framework is combined with the dual narrative framework of strategic communication and emergence to explain the emergence of strategic communication in this organizational field (start-up ecosystems). Research questions are derived from a systematic literature review and subjected to exploratory testing in two different qualitative surveys, with experts and investors, reflecting an external perspective, and with start-ups themselves.FindingsResults from the literature review and the explorative interviews with expert external actors indicate eight areas in which start-ups face strategic communication challenges: the basic orientation of strategic communication, branding, external image, stakeholder relations, allocation of financial resources, owner centricity, human resources and internal communication. External consultants and funders recommend highly planned approaches like target group-oriented communication, well thought-out positioning with uniform messages and precisely applied communication channels. However, the internal perspective of start-ups presents a contrary picture based on emergent products of strategic communication.Research limitations/implicationsThe study indicates the importance of both the emergence in strategic start-up communication and the demonstration of planned strategic communication. Investigating a whole start-up ecosystem in a country regarding the emergence of strategic communication forms, practices and products offers potential for cross-country comparative research.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate key challenges of strategic communication of start-ups. Bearing in mind these key challenges when founding a start-up can make a difference in the success of the start-up.Originality/valueThe article presents the first systematic literature review in the area of strategic start-up communication and a theoretical framework for further investigation. Moreover, the results of the explorative study demonstrate the importance of the different forms of planning and emergence in strategic start-up communication. Hence, this paper provides practical implications for practitioners working and investing in the start-up ecosystem.

Maintaining an adequate blood supply for transfusion poses a pressing challenge to society. We argue that this challenge has not been adequately addressed in previous research. Building upon Healy’s seminal work on ‘blood-collection regimes’ and the subsequent shift towards a field-level approach that broadens the analytical focus beyond the dyadic relationship between donors and organizations, we embed the act of blood donation within the organizational field in which blood establishments operate. We assume that varying modes of governance shape the organizational practices of donor recruitment and blood collection. Our analysis is based on Eurobarometer data from 2014 (number of countries = 28; number of individuals = 19,363). The results identify considerable variance in donation rates according to field characteristics in terms of hierarchical centralization and competitiveness. Decentralized systems without competition perform worst in terms of the recruitment of (first-time) blood donors. Competitive systems in which several different bodies share responsibility for the provision of blood to patients yield the highest donation rates.

In the present study, we integrate research from the dynamic institutional theory literature to develop a set of theory‐driven hypotheses regarding how the institutionalization of corporate social performance (CSP) in the organizational field over the period 1991–2008 impacts the CSP‐ corporate financial performance (CFP) relationship for firms in the marketplace. The results of our panel time series and dynamic linear estimation models suggest that early CSP adopters are more likely to experience both greater firm profitability and increased stock market valuation as a result of their higher CSP levels. However, they also tend to incur more firm‐idiosyncratic risk for being ahead of the market’s CSP expectations. We also demonstrate that the significant rise in CSP adoption and activities over time, as CSP has become institutionalized, has resulted in CSP becoming a weaker driver of both firm profitability and stock market valuation.

Este estudo busca identificar a formação e estruturação do campo organizacional na indústria de petróleo no estado do Rio de Janeiro após a quebra do monopólio estatal do petróleo no mercado brasileiro em 1997, as forças existentes, o seu grau de institucionalização e, compreender qual a influência dos atores privados na formação e estruturação deste campo organizacional. Foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, recorrendo-se à metodologia historiográfica, identificando, através de documentos legais, livros, artigos, revistas e arquivos em mídia eletrônica, fatos relevantes na indústria de petróleo no Brasil com análise interpretativa de conteúdo dos dados obtidos. Foram identificadas as características da formação do campo organizacional do setor de petróleo no Brasil e constatou-se que se trata de um campo fortemente “institucionalizado”, uma vez que suas práticas são reconhecidas e adotadas pelos principais atores de um campo. Foi observada também a importância da existência da influência atores privados no campo organizacional objeto deste estudo. A principal limitação desta pesquisa deu-se por conta das restrições impostas pela pandemia da COVID-19, que limitou o acesso às bibliotecas físicas e o levantamento de dados mais antigos, principalmente os anteriores à 2010, os quais não estavam digitalizados. Entendendo a formação a evolução deste Campo Organizacional, sua maturidade e o grau de influência dos atores privados, é possível realizar um melhor planejamento estratégico por parte das organizações inseridas neste campo organizacional. Pelo nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro estudo que descreve a formação do campo organizacional da indústria de petróleo no Brasil e a análise da participação dos atores privados na formação e estruturação deste campo. The purpose of this work is to identify the formation and structuring of the organizational field in the oil industry in the state of Rio de Janeiro after the breaking of the state oil monopoly in the Brazilian market in 1997, the existing forces, its degree of institutionalization and, understand the influence of private actors in the formation and structuring of this organizational field. A qualitative research approach was adopted, using the historiographic methodology by identifying, through legal documents, books, articles, magazines and files in electronic media, relevant facts in the oil industry in Brazil with interpretive analysis of the data obtained. It was identified the characteristics of the formation of the oil & gas organizational field in Brazil as well as it is a strongly “institutionalized” field since its practices are recognized and adopted by the main actors of the field. It was also observed the importance of the existence of the influence of private actors in the organizational field object of this study. The main limitation of this research was due to the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which limited access to physical libraries and older data collection, especially prior to 2010, which were not digitized. Understanding the formation and evolution of this Organizational Field, its maturity, and the degree of influence of private actors, it is possible to carry out better strategic planning by the organizations inserted in this organizational field. To our knowledge, this is the first study that clarifies the formation of the organizational field of the oil industry in Brazil and the analysis of the participation of participants in the formation and structuring of this field.

The purpose of this study is to explore and interpret the different meanings and consequences of diversity and its associated practices for the police organization in Sweden. By highlighting possible discourses on the concept of diversity within the police organization and how the police organization presents the concept of diversity, based on that, contribute to an increased understanding of the police organization’s diversity work. Our study is based on a qualitative method, discourse analysis, which has helped us collect the empirical material. The purpose with discourse analysis is to interpret what is written, therefore this study is based on our own interpretations of the empirical material. The empirical material that consists of the police policy documents has in turn been analyzed based on Carol Bacchi’s “What’s the problem represented to be-approach” (WPR-approach) and the neo-institutional theory where concepts such as isomorphism and loosely coupled occur. When studying the police organization, the concept of diversity is seen to be common. The police highlights the importance of having diversity within their organization, which can be seen to have emerged over time. The result of this study indicates that the police organization works actively to make equal treatment a natural part of the organization today. This includes wanting to reflect society and they believe that diversity entails different skills which they want to utilize within the organization. The study also describes three different problem representations which we have identified in the empirical material. These problem representations have in turn helped us to highlight different discourses about the concept of diversity, which has contributed to an increased understanding of the police organization’s diversity work.

This article aims at understanding how institutional work influenced the implementation of the Tourist Route Senses of Countryside (TRSC), located in two cities in Paraná, Brazil, between 2009 and 2018. It is a descriptive qualitative case study, whose data were collected through semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and documents, which were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results showed that the implementation of the route was based on creation, maintenance, and interruption of institutional work, and on alteration of the regulatory, normative, and cognitive pillars of the organizational field, involving different actors (public and private). The main theoretical contribution of the research was to identify the types of institutional work and to reconcile them with typologies of institutional pillars. Also, it has practical implications for public policymakers and organizational actors, intending to establish and institutionalize a tourism cluster in rural areas, considered a source of regional economic development.

International audience; This research studies the role of the Fondation de France (FDF) in the development of palliative care in France. While the history of palliative care in France has been the subject of major studies over the last twenty years, the role of the FDF has hardly be noticed. However, the FDF developed many activities in this field, through the financing of projects that contributed to the formation of an organizational field. Based on interviews and a consultation of the archives of the FDF's palliative care program, this research shows how these interventions contributed to a public policy in favour of palliative care. Initially, FDF approached palliative care advocates, building affinity and legitimacy with them. Secondly, FDF facilitated the institutionalization of palliative care by acting as a catalyst for the actors favourable to its development, including within the State. Finally, the FDF establishes an inter-temporal mediation by maintaining attention on this issue and by brokering these initiatives from one period to another. The triple reference to the notions of affinity, catalysis and inter-temporal mediation characterizes a discrete and indirect mode of intervention, which proved to be effective: it allowed the construction of a new and legitimate organizational field, which the State was able to support.; Cette recherche porte sur le rôle de la Fondation de France (FDF) dans le développement des soins palliatifs en France. Alors que l'histoire des soins palliatifs en France a fait l'objet d'importants travaux depuis une vingtaine d'années, le rôle de la FDF semble être passé inaperçu. Or la FDF a développé de nombreuses activités dans ce domaine, à travers le financement de projets qui concourent à la formation d'un champ organisationnel. Réalisée à partir d'entretiens et d'une consultation des archives du programme de la FDF consacré aux soins palliatifs, cette recherche montre comment ces interventions ont contribué à l'élaboration d'une politique publique en faveur des soins palliatifs. Initialement, la FDF se rapproche des promoteurs des soins palliatifs, avec lesquels elle entretient des liens d'affinités tout en leur apportant une légitimité. Ensuite, la FDF facilite l'institutionnalisation des soins palliatifs en jouant un rôle de catalyseur auprès des acteurs favorable à son développement, y compris au sein de l'Etat. Enfin, la FDF établit une médiation inter-temporelle en maintenant l'attention sur cette thématique et en se faisant le courtier de ces initiatives d'une période à l'autre. La triple référence aux notions d'affinités, de catalyse et de médiateur inter-temporel caractérise un mode d'intervention discret et indirect, qui s'est avéré efficace : il a permis la construction d'un champ organisationnel nouveau et légitime, que l'Etat fut bientôt en mesure de soutenir.

International audience; This research studies the role of the Fondation de France (FDF) in the development of palliative care in France. While the history of palliative care in France has been the subject of major studies over the last twenty years, the role of the FDF has hardly be noticed. However, the FDF developed many activities in this field, through the financing of projects that contributed to the formation of an organizational field. Based on interviews and a consultation of the archives of the FDF's palliative care program, this research shows how these interventions contributed to a public policy in favour of palliative care. Initially, FDF approached palliative care advocates, building affinity and legitimacy with them. Secondly, FDF facilitated the institutionalization of palliative care by acting as a catalyst for the actors favourable to its development, including within the State. Finally, the FDF establishes an inter-temporal mediation by maintaining attention on this issue and by brokering these initiatives from one period to another. The triple reference to the notions of affinity, catalysis and inter-temporal mediation characterizes a discrete and indirect mode of intervention, which proved to be effective: it allowed the construction of a new and legitimate organizational field, which the State was able to support.; Cette recherche porte sur le rôle de la Fondation de France (FDF) dans le développement des soins palliatifs en France. Alors que l'histoire des soins palliatifs en France a fait l'objet d'importants travaux depuis une vingtaine d'années, le rôle de la FDF semble être passé inaperçu. Or la FDF a développé de nombreuses activités dans ce domaine, à travers le financement de projets qui concourent à la formation d'un champ organisationnel. Réalisée à partir d'entretiens et d'une consultation des archives du programme de la FDF consacré aux soins palliatifs, cette recherche montre comment ces interventions ont contribué à l'élaboration d'une politique publique en faveur des soins palliatifs. Initialement, la FDF se rapproche des promoteurs des soins palliatifs, avec lesquels elle entretient des liens d'affinités tout en leur apportant une légitimité. Ensuite, la FDF facilite l'institutionnalisation des soins palliatifs en jouant un rôle de catalyseur auprès des acteurs favorable à son développement, y compris au sein de l'Etat. Enfin, la FDF établit une médiation inter-temporelle en maintenant l'attention sur cette thématique et en se faisant le courtier de ces initiatives d'une période à l'autre. La triple référence aux notions d'affinités, de catalyse et de médiateur inter-temporel caractérise un mode d'intervention discret et indirect, qui s'est avéré efficace : il a permis la construction d'un champ organisationnel nouveau et légitime, que l'Etat fut bientôt en mesure de soutenir.

Mobilization by diaspora activists against illiberalism in their country of origin and by immigrants for equality in their country of settlement has received widespread attention in political science and sociology, respectively. However, because extant studies treat these mobilizations as distinct types, little is known about the relationship between diaspora and immigrant mobilization. This chapter addresses this theoretical gap using 167 interviews with Syrian and Yemeni activists in the United States and Britain. The findings demonstrate how Syrian and Yemeni diaspora mobilization in support of the 2011 Arab Spring revolutions facilitated their visibility and voice as immigrants. Syrians built an organizational field with the capacity to contest host-country discrimination and local extremism; Yemenis instituted protests and brokerage that shaped the context of reception for home-country elites and challenged intragroup inequality. At the same time, economic disparities between national groups shaped their capacities to diversify tactics and sustain efforts over time. My chief claim is that diaspora mobilization facilitates immigrant voice and visibility but is mitigated in important ways by group-wise resources. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of voice and visibility among marginalized groups subjected to intersecting repressions.

Studies have started to examine factors that explain when and why leaders enact procedural justice. However, these studies have not considered the idea that justice enactment can be a self-serving instrument for leaders. In this paper, we propose a threat-based tripartite model of procedural justice enactment. Specifically, we examine how leaders in unstable (vs. stable) power positions combine information from the two fundamental dimensions of person perception—that is, their perceptions of a follower’s competence and warmth—to shape the level of procedural justice they enact toward the follower. In support of our model, the results of a multisource organizational field study and a laboratory experiment show that leaders in unstable power positions enact procedural justice, particularly toward followers whom they perceive as highly competent but low in warmth. We discuss our findings in light of their implications for the justice and leadership literatures.

How does the implication of actors act as a condition of success in the diffusion of corporate social responsibility (CSR) within an organizational field? To answer this question, this research looks at the microfoundations of the diffusion of a socially responsible practice. This approach enables us to adopt a perspective that is focused on individuals and to explain the integration of CSR practices at the organizational level. We mobilize neo-institutional theory (NIT) and actor-network theory (ANT) in our approach to the diffusion process of this innovative practice. First, we identify three distinct stages in institutional practice: the pre-institutionalization stage, the theorization stage, and the reinstitutionalization stage. Second, we reveal the four stages of the diffusion of a CSR practice as identified by the ANT: the designation of an actor initiating the change, the identification of allies for the deployment of innovation, the analysis of the diffusion process within the network, and the conditions of diffusion. Finally, we produce six research propositions based on the results of our study, which advocate for multileveled analysis to understand how CSR practices are developed within organizations., En quoi l’implication des acteurs est-elle un gage de succès de la diffusion de la RSE au sein d’un champ organisationnel ? Pour répondre à cette question, cette recherche s’intéresse aux microfondations de la diffusion d’une pratique innovante de RSE. Cette approche permet d’adopter une perspective centrée sur les individus, tout en mobilisant des approches théoriques qui expliquent l’intégration des démarches RSE au niveau organisationnel. Les auteurs mobilisent la théorie néo-institutionnelle (TNI) et la théorie de l’acteur-réseau (actor-network theory ou ANT) pour appréhender la complexité du processus de diffusion de cette pratique innovante. Les résultats conduisent à distinguer tout d’abord trois phases du travail institutionnel : la phase de pré-institutionnalisation, la phase de théorisation et la phase de ré-institutionnalisation, puis quatre étapes de diffusion d’une pratique RSE identifiés par l’ANT : la désignation de l’acteur initiateur du changement, l’identification des alliés au déploiement de l’innovation, l’analyse du processus de diffusion au sein du réseau et l’analyse des conditions de diffusion. Enfin, l’étude réalisée fait l’objet de six propositions de recherche qui sont discutées au regard de la littérature mobilisée. Cette étude préconise de mener une analyse multiniveaux pour comprendre comment les pratiques institutionnelles de RSE se développent au sein des organisations.

PurposeThis paper aims to understand how competing logics can co-exist in the organizational field of Indian microfinance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses the theoretical lens of an organizational field to understand the composition of the microfinance field. Using the definition of an organizational field, key players in Indian microfinance are identified and their interactions within the field are analysed to understand the emergence and co-existence of multiple logics. The data used for this paper are collected from published work on Indian microfinance.FindingsThe co-existence of competing logics is sustained through the creation of two sub-fields within Indian microfinance. Each of the sub-field is dominated by one institutional logic. The field originated in developmental logic of microfinance and gradually adopted the banking logic post-2000. The sub-fields are dominated by different organizational forms with different nature of interaction within the field.Research limitations/implicationsActors within the field would experience institutional complexity with lesser intensity because of the existence of two distinct sub-communities with individual logic. Dual logics can sustain itself independently provided these are embedded in two different sub-communities. Despite the emergence of a new logic, the previous logic can still remain relevant given the enabling support from institutional infrastructure.Practical implicationsThe manifestation of development and banking logics through practices and the belief system in Indian microfinance would offer useful insights for social entrepreneurs balancing the dual goals of hybrid organizations. Due to the sub-communities, a professional working with different forms of organization would experience little pressure to adjust to diverse logic and would also experience no or little identity conflict.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on the microfinance sector in India as an organizational field and explores the mechanism of co-existence of the dual goals of microfinance at the field level.

Hoy en día, las tecnologías se han vuelto parte importante de la vida del ser humano, diariamente los individuos están conectados a las bases de datos, redes sociales o aplicaciones, que les permite estar informados de los acontecimientos del día a día, con tan solo tener a la mano ya sea una tableta, un celular o alguna computadora. Los cambios y las innovaciones tecnológicas han traído una gran cantidad de mejoras, ya sea en el ámbito social, cultural, deportivo u organizacional; las empresas se han percatado de la necesidad del uso de las tecnologías, modificando sus modelos de negocio al comercio electrónico. Ante este contexto, se realizó una investigación de diseño transversal dirigido en un enfoque cuantitativo a manera de estudio de caso, con el objetivo de identificar las tendencias de consumo en el comercio electrónico de estudiantes de la carrera de administración de una universidad pública del sur de Sonora, México, mediante una investigación de mercado para la comprobación de estos hábitos de consumo, preferencias y tendencias. Cabe destacar que, el proceso para llevar a cabo el estudio es el propuesto por Kinnear y Taylor (2007). Con base en la investigación realizada, se identifica como los productos de tipo electrónico captan mayor interés y seguridad por parte del consumidor al momento de adquirirlos por lo tanto son los más adquiridos por los usuarios. En conclusión, el comercio electrónico es una opción viable para el desarrollo organizacional, es una oportunidad fundamental para empresas de mejorar sus procesos y aumentar su alcance, entre otras cosas.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify the distinction between the Global Value Chains and selected strands of the business literature; business networks, strategy, and international business. These four research areas have starting questions that are often different and the audiences they address also differ. There have been attempts to establish links across these theories, but these are exceptions rather than the rule. Design/methodology/approach – The basic principles and concepts of the four areas are identified. The results are used to develop a summary matrix of the approaches. The methodological path is inductive and inferential, as the task involves searching for similarities, complementarities, and overlaps across the four social science disciplines. Findings – Literature of the studied fields overlap on the issues they are trying to understand, even if they do not use identical terminology. The four areas advocate the same principle in understanding the organizational field: complexity. Firms are triggered to enter into exchange with other companies. Originality/value – The theoretical contribution of this article is based on the idea that although the four research fields – GVC, Business Networks, Strategy, and International Business - advance independently from each other, common origins can be observed, allowing a set of common propositions. Objetivo – O objetivo deste artigo é esclarecer a distinção entre as cadeias globais de valor e as vertentes selecionadas da literatura sobre negócios; redes de negócios, estratégia e negócios internacionais. Essas quatro áreas de pesquisa têm perguntas iniciais muitas vezes diferentes e os públicos a que se dirigem também diferem. Houve tentativas de estabelecer ligações entre essas teorias, mas isso é uma exceção, e não a regra. Metodologia – Os princípios e conceitos básicos das quatro áreas são identificados. Os resultados foram usados para desenvolver uma matriz resumida das abordagens. Nossa via metodológica é indutiva e inferencial, pois a tarefa envolve a busca de semelhanças, complementaridades e sobreposições entre as quatro disciplinas de ciências sociais. Resultados – A literatura dos campos estudados se sobrepõe às questões que tentam entender, mesmo que não usem terminologia idêntica. As quatro áreas defendem o mesmo princípio na compreensão do campo organizacional: a complexidade. As empresas são incentivadas a realizar trocas com outras empresas. Contribuições – A contribuição teórica deste artigo baseia-se na ideia de que, embora os quatro campos de pesquisa – CGV, redes de negócios, estratégia e negócios internacionais – avancem de forma independente, origens comuns podem ser observadas, permitindo um conjunto de proposições comuns. Objetivo – O objetivo deste artigo é esclarecer a distinção entre as cadeias globais de valor e as vertentes selecionadas da literatura sobre negócios; redes de negócios, estratégia e negócios internacionais. Essas quatro áreas de pesquisa têm perguntas iniciais muitas vezes diferentes e os públicos a que se dirigem também diferem. Houve tentativas de estabelecer ligações entre essas teorias, mas isso é uma exceção, e não a regra. Metodologia – Os princípios e conceitos básicos das quatro áreas são identificados. Os resultados foram usados para desenvolver uma matriz resumida das abordagens. Nossa via metodológica é indutiva e inferencial, pois a tarefa envolve a busca de semelhanças, complementaridades e sobreposições entre as quatro disciplinas de ciências sociais. Resultados – A literatura dos campos estudados se sobrepõe às questões que tentam entender, mesmo que não usem terminologia idêntica. As quatro áreas defendem o mesmo princípio na compreensão do campo organizacional: a complexidade. As empresas são incentivadas a realizar trocas com outras empresas. Contribuições – A contribuição teórica deste artigo baseia-se na ideia de que, embora os quatro campos de pesquisa – CGV, redes de negócios, estratégia e negócios internacionais – avancem de forma independente, origens comuns podem ser observadas, permitindo um conjunto de proposições comuns.

The article proposes a comprehensive approach to the study of gifted personality development in the educational environment of the university; certain scientific prerequisites and practical substantiation of the development of the socio-psychological model of the educational environment of the university aimed at the development of a gifted personality, which includes the subject field, the content field, organizational field, and the field of interaction with the society integrated with them. The level of creative development of the personality is highlighted: low level (does not believe in own opportunities, does not want to participate in various kinds of educational and extracurricular creative activity, inert to participation in the work of creative associations); the average level (doubts about its capabilities, needs additional incentives when initiating creative activity, does not dare to take creative initiative on itself); high level (actively participates in various types of educational and extracurricular creative activity, is the initiator capable of creating a wide range of independent ideas, finds non-standard ways and embodies them in independent projects). The mechanism of implementation of the model of the educational environment of the university on the gradual increase of the level of manifestation of creative personality development has been developed. Setting and solving the problem of finding the educational environment of the university for the development of a gifted person contributes to the implementation of the ideas of personality-oriented psychology; a model of the educational environment of the university is designed, aimed at the development of a gifted personality, and an adequate mechanism for its implementation in the educational process of the university corresponds to the provisions of the new paradigm of education, contributes a certain contribution to the theory of personality development.

We present a dynamic multilevel framework for analyzing the mutual dependence of change in interorganizational networks and internal organizational structure. Change occurring at the former (interorganizational) level involves decisions to change the portfolio of network ties to external partners. Change occurring in the latter (intraorganizational) level involves decisions to change the portfolio of internal activities. We estimate a recently derived class of stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOMs) that we adopt and adapt to specify how decisions to change internal portfolios of activities and external portfolios of partners are connected by theoretically derived multilevel mixing and closure mechanisms that link organizational and network structures. We show that statistical models for multilevel networks reproduce with high fidelity the structural regularities observed in the distribution of: (i) activities within organizations; (ii) network ties between organizations, and (iii) knowledge available in the organizational field. We discuss the implications of the study for theory development, and for empirical research on interorganizational and other kinds of multilevel networks.

Motivation: The year 2018 was celebrated at the Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland as the 50th anniversary of the existence of the Faculty. To celebrate this jubilee, numerous conferences, debates, conventions and occasional meetings were organized. On the occasion of these events, people who contributed greatly to the development of the Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management in the area of science and didactics as well as in the organizational field were recalled and honoured. Undoubtedly, Professor Jerzy Tomala was one of them.Aim: The aim of this article is to present the biography of Professor Jerzy Tomala with special emphasis on his scientific accomplishments, international successes, as well as didactic and organizational achievements at the Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.Results: During many years of his scientific work, Professor Jerzy Tomala became a scholar who was recognised both in Poland and internationally — first and foremost as an authority in the field of broadly understood macroeconomic problems of economic growth (with particular emphasis laid on the impact of investment, technological progress and efficiency of technical and economic relations on the long-term growth of national income) and in the area of economic policy of developed countries, mainly of the United States of America. His scientific interests also included the issue of full employment, the concept of a potential national product and educational policy. Professor Jerzy Tomala was invited to various study internships at renowned universities in the United States and to renowned scientific and teaching institutions in Western Europe. He also worked as a consultant of the World Bank, and his publications impacted some important decisions made by international organizations such as, for instance, OECD, the European Community, or the World Bank. For his achievements in the field of science, didactics and organizational work, Professor Jerzy Tomala received high state awards, prestigious awards of the Minister of Higher Education and the Rector of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, as well as numerous honours from his students and alumni.

Sociotechnical transitions is an emerging research area that uses several methods, amongst which case study and simulation models are often applied. This paper focuses on system dynamics modelling and simulation research and its potential contribution to transition research. Current system dynamics work comes from a wide range of disciplines and spans across the micro, meso, and macro levels which transitions are predominantly analysed along. This overlap carries considerable potential as a conceptual and theoretical basis for transition research. The paper explores this potential and provides a cursory exposition of system dynamics research and exemplary work that is directly relevant to transition research. It raises a number of points that indicate the potential of system dynamics for transition research in terms of methodology and case study research, the behavioural aspects of transitions, and particular subject areas that lie at the organizational field level: technology platforms, business models and organizational change.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o processo político-cultural relacionado ao debate em torno da reforma dos Tribunais de Contas brasileiros (TCs), organizações de aplicação da lei responsáveis pelo controle de recursos públicos. A pesquisa centrou-se em analisar como legitimacy accounts conduzidos por diferentes categorias de atores se manifestaram no debate acerca da reforma dos TCs brasileiros no período de 2000 a 2017. Foram coletados dados de fontes documentais como discursos parlamentares, audiências públicas, debates e notícias. Também foram realizadas entrevistas com representantes de diversas categorias de atores, incluindo corporações profissionais, mídia, academia e sociedade civil organizada. Por meio da análise do processo de mobilização e dos argumentos centrais que apelaram para a legitimidade da reforma (legitimacy accounts), os resultados apontaram para: (a) a centralidade das corporações profissionais, tanto na mediação e tradução do debate, quanto no desenho de estratégias de intervenção no campo organizacional, e; (b) a identificação de aspectos organizacionais, relacionais, processuais, jurisdicionais e responsivos ligados à multidimensionalidade da legitimidade dos TCs. Os resultados contribuem para as áreas de estudos organizacionais, de administração pública e de administração da Justiça. JEL Code: D73, E6, H83 Abstract The objective of this research was to investigate the political-cultural process related to the debate on the reform of Brazilian Courts of Accounts (CAs), law enforcement organizations responsible for controlling public resources. The research focused on analyzing how legitimacy accounts conducted by different categories of actors manifested themselves in the debate about the reform of Brazilian CAs from 2000 to 2017. We collected data from documentary sources, such as parliamentary speeches, public hearings debates, and news. Interviews were also conducted with representatives of the various categories of actors, including professional corporations, media, academia, judiciary, and organized civil society. Through the analysis of the mobilization process and the central arguments that called for the legitimacy of reform (legitimacy accounts), the results pointed to: (a) the centrality of professional corporations, both in the mediation and translation of the debate, and in the design of intervention strategies in the organizational field, and; (b) the identification of organizational, relational, procedural, jurisdictional and responsive aspects related to the multidimensional legitimacy of CAs. The results contribute to the areas of organizational studies, public administration and administration of justice.

La teoría organizacional convencional se ha ocupado del fenómeno del cambio en las organizaciones desde distintos enfoques, anteponiendo las lógicas racionalistas a las visiones relativistas. Se pretende con este trabajo hacer la aproximación desde la perspectiva institucional, a través del estudio de caso en un hospital regional de Colombia. Se trata de un estudio amparado en el paradigma subjetivo que utilizando una metodología interpretativa, pretende la comprensión de la realidad, a partir de la lente de los sujetos que desarrollan la acción social. Hallazgos parciales señalan que las presiones del campo organizacional producen un proceso de institucionalización en las organizaciones hospitalarias, las que orientan sus estructuras y planes hacia la conformidad con el campo, para asegurar la legitimidad y con ella su permanencia. Esta investigación se convierte en una evidencia empírica de la acción organizacional como constructo social, que sostienen los teóricos del neoinstitucionalismo sociológico.

The main institution in Kosovo that deals with the execution of criminal sanctions and it is Kosovo Correctional Service (KCS). Since its establishment, this institution has undergone numerous changes in the organizational field, as well as changes created by legal regulation. The recent trends occurring in correctional services in democratic societies have transformed these services in order to have a human approach and, in several cases constitute a decisive factor in the change in the behaviour of delinquents. Delinquents that have been convicted for serious crimes by criminal proceedings of final judgment, in order to rehabilitate through based programs on contents of rehabilitation, resettlement, and reintegration used a various method which will be treated in this paper. Considering legal changes which have occurred, these changes have affected executive bodies in charge of the execution of criminal sanctions. In this paper were applied several methods, such as individual case study, normative analysis, and qualitative methods. From the results of the treatment, we can see that through the legal changes made in this area of Correction have special importance. The correctional system as organized by the Correctional Service has advanced regarding the terms of legislation, influenced by the European system implemented in some countries in this field.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the coaching process as perceived by experts and coaches, addressing its routine aspects and areas that are object of dissent in the organizational field. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research conducted through interviews with 20 experts and coaches who work in Portugal. Findings Lack of consensus on conceptual approaches, few demands from organizations for concrete results, and elitism due to its selective use for high-level professionals. There is an expectation of companies that adopt a “coaching culture,” which includes participative actions, dialogue and humanization of relationships. There are benefits for organizations and professionals that result from its application, which raises care in considering it just another management fad. Originality/value Professionals and organizations are increasingly adopting coaching processes, but there are few academic studies, with a scientific view, and more rarely from the perspective of practitioners (coaches). Hence, this topic lacks a more accurate approach, to better understand its application and extend the debate on controversial aspects, in order to make the discussion on its value more consistent.