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The phenotype of triple X syndrome comprises a variety of physical, psychiatric, and cognitive features. Recent evidence suggests that patients are prone to severe language impairments. However, it remains unclear whether verbal impairments are pervasive at all levels of language, or whether one domain is relatively more spared than others. Here we document the language profile of one patient with triple X, using standardized language tests and reports. Results concur in showing that impairments are noticeable both in expressive and receptive language skills, and in vocabulary as well as in structural components of language. Although receptive ability in some tests appears relatively spared, even here A's performance is clearly below average. This single case study further underscores that language and communication at all levels can be severely compromised in patients with triple X. Practitioners should be aware of the limited language abilities that possibly exist in patients with triple X.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Results for surface area of each cortical region of interest for the 47,XXX subjects versus healthy controls comparison controlling for FSIQ and ICV. Supplementary Table S2. Results for thickness of each cortical region of interest for the 47,XXX subjects versus healthy controls comparison controlling for FSIQ. Supplementary Table S3. Results for folding of each cortical region of interest for the 47,XXX subjects versus healthy controls comparison controlling for FSIQ and ICV. Supplementary Table S4. Correlation between thickness of each cortical region of interest and social cognition in 47,XXX subjects.