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Medical care is one such region, where WIFI is as yet not utilized as the electromagnetic waves influences patients with sicknesses like neurological problems, diseases and so forth. Accordingly, LIFI can be respected the following large thing, as it represents no gamble to patients and offers more advantages than WIFI, such as faster speeds and a larger spectrum. The only issue that hospitals have while exchanging data through it is ensuring confidentiality. The methodology proposed here leverages Secure Hash Algorithms to give maximum security as a solution to this challenge. The Secure Hash Algorithm is a bonus feature that is mostly utilised for authentication. IoT connects physical devices such as sensors and actuators to networks. The programming routines can be visualised from any location thanks to cloud storage. These algorithms can be employed in a variety of applications, including smart homes, digital technologies, and banking systems. This research presents a model that takes into account a human's heart rate, glucose level, and temperature. In the even to fan emergency, adjacent hospitals are alerted to the patient's condition, allowing them to provide timely and correct care. This will save you from having to go to the hospital. Temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, gas sensor, and fall detection are among the vital signs monitored by the system. An Arduino controller and a GSM900Amodule make up the system design. The monitored values can be supplied via mobile phones, and if an abnormal state is detected, the buzzer is activated, and the information is communicated to the concerned members via the mobile app.

The students from the Madras Group (Zone) in Tamil Nadu, India are the primary focus of this investigation. The study was carried out in nine different districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in India, and it received responses from 18,324 college students residing in these diverse areas. The t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) methodologies were used in the course of an investigation of the responses provided by students. In accordance with the objectives of the study, the data were gathered, compiled, and arranged into categories before being subjected to statistical and objective analysis. Students who had participated in NCC training in the Madras Group of Tamil Nadu were found to have higher levels of personality development and stronger levels of discipline than students who had participated in NCC training in other parts of Tamil Nadu. These results are presented in a manner that is consistent with the conclusions obtained from the research that was carried out. These findings should be accepted given that they are in agreement with the results of the investigation.

Quantum engineering in kesterite solar cells reveals a blending advancement keeping in mind that copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS)-based material requires high-research implementation as a replacement for copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) materials. In this article, quantum well-solar cells (QWSCs) on kesterite material is proposed in which CZTS x Se1− x and CZTS material is taken as well and barrier materials with different Sulfur (S) and Selenium (Se) content. All the optical, electrical, and material properties are investigated in detail to achieve high efficiency. The focus on the incorporation of a high number of quantum wells (QWs) (2 to 100 QWs) and performance analysis show the uniqueness of the study. Quantum efficiency (QE) of the solar cell with separate internal and external absorptions is also investigated here. Different issues on carrier propagation, recombination, and collection are emphasized to highlight the effect of carrier quantization in the material. A remarkable efficiency of 38% with 88% fill factor (FF) could be achieved from the broad range of the proposed structure, which may show a new path for next-generation solar cells.

This study is the first to examine the applicability of BCL-2 inhibition in the setting of active HIV infectionin vivo. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that venetoclax significantly enhances target cell killing induced by Fas ligand, TRAIL, and perforin/granzyme B and synergistically enhances autologous NK and CD8 cells’ killing of target cells.

While modern HIV therapy can effectively suppress viral replication, the persistence of the latent reservoir posits the greatest hurdle to complete cure. The “shock and kill” strategy is under investigation for HIV therapy, aiming to reactivate latent HIV, and subsequently eliminate it through anti-retroviral therapy and host immune function. However, thus far, studies have yielded suboptimal results, stemming from a combination of ineffective latency reversal and poor immune clearance. Concomitantly, studies have now revealed the importance of the BCL-2 anti-apoptotic protein as a critical mediator of infected cell survival, reservoir maintenance and immune evasion in HIV. Furthermore, BCL-2 inhibitors are now recognized for their anti-HIV effects in pre-clinical studies. This minireview aims to examine the intersection of BCL-2 inhibition and current shock and kill efforts, hoping to inform future studies which may ultimately yield a cure for HIV.

The presence of backlash in servo system is always deteriorates the controller performance. It resulted in stability problem and poor steady state accuracy. The backlash is proportionate to the wear and tear caused by the friction during continuous movements of the transmission system in machine tool applications. Hence, there is a need to estimate the backlash on a continual basis and this information is fed back to the servo system in order to improve the controller performance. In general backlash error is occurred whenever there is a change in direction of the motor. In this work, the backlash is estimated by measuring backlash distance and this value is displayed in the user interface screen and that value can be added in software to compensate the backlash. The proposed methodology has an online estimation, which eliminates the necessity of physical sensors as compared to the earlier approaches.

The unsteady MHD flow of a compressible liquid through a stainless steel plate of porous medium described in terms of a non-linear partial differential equation for a liquid pressure or a linear differential equation for the density if gravitational effects are considered to be negligible. In gravitational flow fields the formulation yields a non-linear equation for both density and pressure. A transformation is given and it shows that in the absence of gravitational effects, the solution of the non-linear boundary value problem in terms of the pressure involves no complexity than the solution of the linear problem in terms of the density. More over this transformation gives in addition the solution to a problem in gravity flow.

In this paper, we discussed unsteady magneto hydrodynamic incompressible viscous couette flow along the silver metallic parallel plates in which constant periodic suction takes place at the bottom porous silver metallic shield subjected to the magnetic field with inclination along with the rotation of system. By means of appropriate choice of stream function we obtained exact solution analytically. Axial Velocity component and radial Velocity component are obtained from the analytical solution. Velocity profiles like axial and transverse are examined for different parameters α , K r , M a n d ω t . The effects of Magnetic parameter, Suction Reynolds number and Rotation parameter on the plates are discussed and illustrated graphically.

The main objective of the study is to fabricate nano boron carbide (B4C) reinforced with titanium metal matrix composite (Ti-6Al-4 V) through powder metallurgy route. Composites preforms of Ti-6Al-4 V- (2–10) wt. % of nano boron carbide were fabricated. The characterization of the fabricated samples was preformed through Scanning electron microscope and X-Ray diffraction. Pin-on-disk wear testing machine was used to describe the lubricating wear behavior of the composites by varying loads and sliding distances. The surface morphology of worn out surfaces was also examined. Investigations over basic and functional properties of developed MMC revealed that the addition of nano B4C decrease the specific wear rate (SWR) and coefficient of friction (CoF). To predict the tribological properties of titanium matrix composites, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique was adopted to arrive at optimal values of the input parameters based on the experimental data. The results illustrated that the mathematical models of tribological properties of Ti-6Al-4 V-B4C are reliable with a less error and high level of accuracy.

Near field communication, development in radio frequency detection has put its foot in today’s life of individuals through sophisticated mobile phones. NFC technology has become very popular due to its transparent and simple integration with a number of applications such as health care, consumer electronics, public transport payment methods, etc. A few new approaches have been attempted to make NFC progressively competent in routine day-to-day applications. This paper discusses the latest development in the use of NFC’s in a few implementations and the potential outcomes of the hustle-free implementation of these applications. A systematic analysis of recent research deployment in different areas of use has been clarified and explored.

This study experimentally tests a combination of thermal conductivity and viscosity characteristics for maximum heat transfer using therminol 55 Nanoplastic gallium phosphide (GaP). Recent studies ...

This paper presents an improved multi-objective mayfly algorithm (IMOMA) to resolve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in a regulated power system network with different loading conditions. The OPF problem, considered a multi-objective optimization problem, comprises multiple objective functions related to economic, technical, operational and security aspects. The IMOMA algorithm has been developed by implementing the simulated binary crossover (SBX), polynomial mutation and dynamic crowding distance (DCD) operators in the original multi-objective mayfly algorithm (MOMA).The OPF problem is analyzed by considering multiple objective functions in the IEEE30-bus test system, the IEEE118-bus test system and the 62-bus Indian utility system. The hypervolume performance metric is used to compare the performance of the MOMA and IMOMA with respect to different operating scenarios. Further, loading conditions ranging between 150% and 50% of the base load are considered for the evaluation. The effectiveness of the IMOMA over the MOMA is observed from the results of the different loads. The best compromise solution is obtained from a set of pareto optimal solutions by implementing the TOPSIS method.

Protein misfolding occurs due to the loss of native protein structure and adopts an abnormal structure, wherein the misfolded proteins accumulate and form aggregates, which result in the formation of amyloid fibrils that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Amyloid beta (Aβ42) aggregation or amyloidosis is contemplated as a unique hallmark characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to aberrant accrual and aggregation of Aβ42 in extracellular space, the formation of senile plaques is found in AD patients. These senile plaques occur usually in the cognitive and memory region of the brain, enfeebles neurodegeneration, hinders the signaling between synapse, and disrupts neuronal functioning. In recent years, herbal compounds are identified and characterized for their potential as Aβ42 inhibitors. Thus, understanding their structure and molecular mechanics can provide an incredible finding in AD therapeutics. To describe the structure-based molecular studies in the rational designing of drugs against amyloid fibrils, we examined various herbal compounds that belong to prenylflavonoids. The present study characterizes the trends we identified at molecular docking studies and dynamics simulation where we observed stronger binding orientation of bavachalcone, bavachin, and neobavaisoflavone with the amyloid-beta (Aβ42) fibril structure. Hence, we could postulate that these herbal compounds could be potential inhibitors of Aβ42 fibrils; these anti-aggregation agents need to be considered in treating AD.

The principal aim of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or Global Goals is to attain a much better and more sustainable future for all. In recent times, microgrids have attracted much attention, given the transformation of software systems and raising the bar for customers in terms of sustainability, reliability and cost predictability. Consequently, there is a need for microgrid development in remote areas. Our paper proposes a hybrid renewable energy microgrid (HREM) that focuses on the affordable, efficient, reliable and sustainable growth of energy systems. This paper presents an optimized off-grid HREM for a remote locality in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The proposed approach employs a configuration of photovoltaic (PV) arrays, AC loads, a diesel generator set, a wind turbine and a battery energy storage system (BESS) connected to AC/DC buses and designed to satisfy the power requirements of a remote, rural community residential area. The primary objective was to carry out a cost optimization of the designed system. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to obtain a feasible solution from the optimized results and evaluate the robustness of the design. The primary objective was to carry out a cost optimization of the designed system. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to obtain a feasible solution from the optimized results and evaluated the robustness of the design. A detailed analysis was made by comparing the [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and it was found that the former offered better results for the particular location. Overall, it was observed that our proposed system offers renewable energy for residential loads that is relatively inexpensive, reliable and sustainable.

The naturally occurring polymer cellulose acetate with tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvent was used as base agents to develop the electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium ion cell. The biopolymer electrolyte was developed and by the popular solution casting technique. Maximum elevated conductivity of this biopolymer electrolyte was recorded at 2.136 × 10–2 Scm-1 at room temperature for the concentration of 10:90 weight proportion of CA: LiCl. The cell has been constructed with a configuration of charcoal || 10 m% cellulose acetate/90 m% LiCl, and a maximum cell potential of 3.55 V has been accomplished. This affirms the applicability of the membrane as a feasible choice of electrolyte for solid-state lithium ion batteries.

Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by distinct aging-independent loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region urging toward neuronal loss. Over the decade, various key findings from clinical perspective to molecular pathogenesis have aided in understanding the genetics with assorted genes related with PD. Subsequently, several pathways have been incriminated in the pathogenesis of PD, involving mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, and misfolding. On the other hand, the sporadic form of PD cases is found with no genetic linkage, which still remain an unanswered question? The exertion in ascertaining vulnerability factors in PD considering the genetic factors are to be further dissevered in the forthcoming decades with advancement in research studies. One of the major proponents behind the prognosis of PD is the pathogenic transmutation of aberrant alpha-synuclein protein into amyloid fibrillar structures, which actuates neurodegeneration. Alpha-synuclein, transcribed by SNCA gene is a neuroprotein found predominantly in brain. It is implicated in the modulation of synaptic vesicle transport and eventual release of neurotransmitters. Due to genetic mutations and other elusive factors, the alpha-synuclein misfolds into its amyloid form. Therefore, this review aims in briefing the molecular understanding of the alpha-synuclein associated with PD.

This research work investigates the use of a UPQC to reduce challenges and harmonics of network energy efficiency affected by non-linear loads. In this analysis the UPQC is supported by the fuzzy-controlled Photo Voltaic (PV) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). The PV device generates active power for the application in most cases. If the photovoltaic system does not supply energy, the BESS starts up and supplies energy, particularly during long voltage losses. The single PV-UPQC system is less dependable than the hybrid PV-BESS system due to its volatility and substantial environmental dependence. Therefore, BESS will be able to further improve its voltage support capability over time, reduce the DC-link voltage control algorithm's power consumption and continue to provide renewable energies. The controller of UPQC is driven by a self-tuned filtering (STF) and the unit vector generation (UVG) approach. STF ensures an unbalanced and skewed UPQC grid voltage condition. The Fuzzy STF is therefore an unbalanced and distorted grid voltage situations UPQC is ensured by STF. As a result, the Fuzzy STF-UVG generates synchronization stages for the sequence and shuts the UPQC controller with the Active power filter (APF) rectifier instead of a phase-locked loop (PLL). Finally, the suggested STFUVG with a fuzzy approach is contrasted with the UPQC-based traditional SRF-PLL reference frame to prove the efficacy of the technique recommended. MATLAB-Simulink software is used to check the results using different case studies.

A major percentage of the energy is utilised for the building sectors for cooling the building which is used for Airconditioning systems. One of the techniques for decreasing energy consumption in building systems is passive cooling. The PCM materials was integrated in the building which is isothermal temperature for storing and retrieving the energy during a phase change. The stored PCM is a constant temperature for phase change and also gives the large potential of energy during the storing and releasing energy. The integrated building wall to prevent the solar heat infiltration into buildings and controlling the indoor temperature swing. The selection and efficiency of PCMs are highly subjective to climatic conditions where they applied. In the present study, a real time PCM integrated residential building is studied through numerical simulation using Design Builder software in moderate climatic condition in Bangalore city, India. The result shows that throughout the year, the PCM room does not required any air-conditioning device for cooling application.

Nowadays the energy usage in the building sectors in the construction industry has been increased for increasing the cooling and heating loads of buildings. The renewable energy generation and incorporation of PCMs in building sectors attains around the world for energy savings. A passive cooling method with PCM integration in the building system is to decrease the energy demand of buildings. This process involves storing cool and heat energy and discharging it as needed. In this work, the ENERGYPLUS simulation has been carried for the PCMs incorporated in the constructed building wall in hot climatic weather conditions in India for considering the passive cooling method. It reduce the daily indoor temperature variation in PCM building throughout the year through absorption of cool energy in PCM during early morning hours without using mechanical energy devices.

The study of flow of fluid in a porous channel in a stenosis with the influence of an unsteady magnetic field, which is uniform, is considered. The mathematical formulation of this problem is consi...

The present work is focused on the finite element analysis carried out on special water filter used in the marine application developed by CVRDE. This paper describes specifically on various type of analysis such as structural, shock analysis and modal analysis for the special water filter. The analysis is carried out using finite element method and compared it with the test results. It is observed that the shock test and sine sweep vibration test carried out is in line with the predicted finite element simulation. The filter assembly is designed in such a way that the natural frequency is away from resonance frequency. Thus, the special water filter has been validated through analysis using the finite element technique which help reduce the repeated testing of all the filters.

CD4 T cells from HIV-1 infected patients die at excessive rates compared to those from uninfected patients, causing immunodeficiency. We previously identified a dominant negative ligand that antagonizes the TRAIL-dependent pathway of cell death, which we called TRAILshort. Because the TRAIL pathway has been implicated in CD4 T cell death occurring during HIV-1 infection, we used short hairpin RNA knockdown, CRISPR deletion, or Abs specific for TRAILshort to determine the effect of inhibiting TRAILshort on the outcome of experimental acute HIV infection in vitro. Strikingly, all three approaches to TRAILshort deletion/inhibition enhanced HIV-induced death of both infected and uninfected human CD4 T cells. Thus, TRAILshort impacts T cell dynamics during HIV infection, and inhibiting TRAILshort causes more HIV-infected and uninfected bystander cells to die. TRAILshort is, therefore, a host-derived, host-adaptive mechanism to limit the effects of TRAIL-induced cell death. Further studies on the effects of TRAILshort in other disease states are warranted.

Numerous methods are available to produce ultrafine grained material in severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques. Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) is the most effective techniques to prod...

In this paper, thermal properties of two titanium–titanium boride composites were processed by spark plasma sintering, hot-iso-static pressing, and vacuum sintering were characterized. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis are used to examine the uniform distribution of the secondary particles in the processed composites. Thermal properties of the composites such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal diffusivity and coefficient of thermal expansion were estimated for the temperature range between 50 and 250 °C. The results showed that thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat were increased with increase in temperature and titanium boride reinforcement. The influence of titanium boride reinforcement and processing technique on thermal properties is also discussed. Thermal properties presented in this paper confirmed that the titanium–titanium composites can be used for thermal, automobile, aerospace, and renewable energy applications.

The antiapoptotic protein BCL2 inhibits death of HIV-infected cells. Previously, we showed that the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax selectively kills acutely HIV-infected cells and reduces HIV DNA in latently infected CD4 T cells ex vivo after reactivation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28. However, there is a need to identify a combination therapy with venetoclax and a clinically relevant latency reversal agent. Ixazomib is an oral proteasome inhibitor which we have shown reactivates latent HIV and predisposes reactivated cells to cell death. Here, we determined that the combination of venetoclax and ixazomib kills more latently HIV-infected cells and leads to greater reduction in HIV replication than either treatment alone in vitro in a T cell model. However, combination treatment of ex vivo CD4 T cells from antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed, HIV-positive participants resulted in unanticipated and unacceptable nonspecific toxicity in primary cells. Therefore, while we show proof of concept that multiple agents can enhance selective killing of HIV-infected cells, the combination of venetoclax and ixazomib has unacceptable toxicity in primary cells, and so further investigation is needed to identify a clinically relevant latency reversal agent to combine with venetoclax as a novel strategy to reduce the size of the HIV reservoir. IMPORTANCE A cure for HIV would require eliminating cells that contain the virus in a latent form from the body. Current antiretroviral medications are unable to rid the body of latently infected cells. Here, we show that a combination of investigational agents—ixazomib plus venetoclax—which reactivate latent virus and predispose infected cells to apoptosis may reduce latent virus in a T cell model, but at the expense of nonspecific toxicity in primary cells.

Space-vector methods for two/three level inverters involve computation of dwell times for synthesizing the reference space vector which is practically impossible for high resolution inverters. Moreover, density of space vectors in the space vector diagrams for high resolution inverters is very high and that computation of dwell times may not be necessary. So, nearest space vector approach is used for controlling high resolution inverters. This paper presents a different approach to find the nearest space-vector algorithm for high-resolution multilevel inverters. The method finds coordinates of all the space vectors in the vicinity of a given reference space vector and determines the nearest one and thus controls the inverter. Working of the control strategy is verified by simulations in MATLAB/Simulink

This dissertation explores an Energy Management System (EMS) for smart grid delivery systems with hybrid technology. There is a photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and battery in the grid-connected Smart Grid (SG) unit. In the proposed hybrid method, joint implementation of the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) and the Radial Basis Functional Neural Network (RBFNN) is suggested and is therefore referred to as the SSA-RBFNN method. The main objective of the work is to optimally manage power resources, as well as to minimise the cost of the distribution system. The objective of the proposed technique is to identify the involvement of the grid-related SG system's fuel cost, grid power hourly power version, operational and maintenance costs. The constraints are power demand, renewable energy sources and the storage components' charge status. Batteries are used to stabilise energy sources and enable renewable energy system units to remain operational in a secure and stable manner. The function of MATLAB/Simulink at that stage.

Induction motor drives are the indispensable choice for the constant as well as variable speed applications due to evolution of the power electronics based sophisticated precise control systems. On the other hand, they offer consistent performance in any operating environment with less maintenance cost. However, faults are inevitable to occur and usually arbitrary in nature, so the detection of the faults well in advance is of paramount importance, especially the ones that can cause severe damage to the machine. This paper attempts to simulate the faults utilizing Fast Fourier Transform and Wavelet signal processing techniques for analysing the signals and diagnosing the fault condition. Further it will present that the Wavelets provide information on the localization of fault and stand out from the other techniques, especially for identifying the faults at the start-up of the drive. Another and most important advantage of Wavelets is that it diagnoses the fault at incipient level, which helps in reconfiguration of drive without shut down if load condition permits. Diagnosis of fault at incipient level is most sought in process control industries.

This paper presents the methodology of reducing the wear rate of SG iron component by coating on the material and comparatively analysing the microstructure and wear behaviour of the coated and uncoated spheroidal graphite (SG) iron. The components like piston, valves and spring shackle are made of SG which has a wide range of application in field of automobile industry. These components are subjected to high wear due to their working condition, which affect the life of the product and its performance. The physical vapour deposition method is adapted to coat on the substrate material and the two coating materials are selected to be coated. The best material which resists the wear is to be selected among the coated samples. The pin-on-disc (POD) wear tester machine is used to test the wear behaviour of the uncoated and coated SG iron sample by varying the parameters like load, speed and time. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the samples are taken, and the microstructural analysis and the wear behaviour of the worn surface material are found out.

The recent dynamical world cannot imagine the growth without fetching any thought of upgrading in material composite. Numerous studies are taking place in these biodegradable polymer composite materials to attain the required standards. Biodegradable fiber embedded polymer composites have a strong correspondence to change the composite fabricated of plastics. Natural polymer materials have the following pros like low-cost, lightweight, improved strength, easy accessibility, non-toxic, non-abrasive, and decomposable properties. Researchers have extended their proficiency idea in the product design by using raw materials which consist of natural fiber. Natural fibers are stronger and also can be utilized in producing high-end quality viable manufacturing products. The primary intention of the current experimentation is to observe the mechanical performance of Gangura roselle fiber reinforced with thermoplastics composites. Gangura roselle fibers are reinforced in thermoplastics like PLA and ABS to produce composite materials. Later test for mechanical properties of the polymer matrix composite is verified as per different ASTM standards. The outcomes of the testing were plotted in the graph and the properties are observed and their uses in different mechanical applications.