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Purpose Research supports a role for coping responses in adjustment to chronic pain. However, it is likely that some coping responses play a larger role in adjustment to pain for some individuals than others. The identification of the factors that moderate the association between coping responses and pain-related outcomes has important clinical implications. This study sought to determine if musculoskeletal pain diagnosis moderates the associations between eight pain-coping responses and both pain and function. Patients and Methods A non-probabilistic sample of 323 persons with different chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions completed measures of pain intensity, physical function, psychological function, and pain-coping responses. Results With only one exception, the frequency of use of pain-coping responses was not associated with pain diagnosis. Statistically significant moderation effects of pain diagnosis on the association between coping and pain outcomes were found for two coping responses: 1) support seeking when predicting pain intensity, and 2) resting when predicting both physical and psychological function. Conclusion The findings indicate that coping responses tend to play a similar role in patients' pain and function across different musculoskeletal pain conditions, with some important exceptions. If the findings are found to replicate in other samples, they would have important implications for determining when psychosocial pain treatments might (and when they might not) need to be adapted for specific diagnostic groups.

Alexandra Ferreira-Valente,1,2 Inês Queiroz-Garcia,1 José Pais-Ribeiro,1 Mark P Jensen2 1William James Center for Research, ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal; 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USACorrespondence: Alexandra Ferreira-ValenteWilliam James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco, no 34, Lisbon 1149-041, PortugalTel +351 969082988Fax +351 218860954Email mafvalente@gmail.comPurpose: Research supports a role for coping responses in adjustment to chronic pain. However, it is likely that some coping responses play a larger role in adjustment to pain for some individuals than others. The identification of the factors that moderate the association between coping responses and pain-related outcomes has important clinical implications. This study sought to determine if musculoskeletal pain diagnosis moderates the associations between eight pain-coping responses and both pain and function.Patients and Methods: A non-probabilistic sample of 323 persons with different chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions completed measures of pain intensity, physical function, psychological function, and pain-coping responses.Results: With only one exception, the frequency of use of pain-coping responses was not associated with pain diagnosis. Statistically significant moderation effects of pain diagnosis on the association between coping and pain outcomes were found for two coping responses: 1) support seeking when predicting pain intensity, and 2) resting when predicting both physical and psychological function.Conclusion: The findings indicate that coping responses tend to play a similar role in patients’ pain and function across different musculoskeletal pain conditions, with some important exceptions. If the findings are found to replicate in other samples, they would have important implications for determining when psychosocial pain treatments might (and when they might not) need to be adapted for specific diagnostic groups.Keywords: pain etiology, moderation effect, coping responses, pain, physical function, psychological function

Purpose: Research supports a role for coping responses in adjustment to chronic pain. However, it is likely that some coping responses play a larger role in adjustment to pain for some individuals than others. The identification of the factors that moderate the association between coping responses and pain-related outcomes has important clinical implications. This study sought to determine if musculoskeletal pain diagnosis moderates the associations between eight pain-coping responses and both pain and function. Patients and Methods: A non-probabilistic sample of 323 persons with different chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions completed measures of pain intensity, physical function, psychological function, and pain-coping responses. Results: With only one exception, the frequency of use of pain-coping responses was not associated with pain diagnosis. Statistically significant moderation effects of pain diagnosis on the association between coping and pain outcomes were found for two coping responses: 1) support seeking when predicting pain intensity, and 2) resting when predicting both physical and psychological function. Conclusion: The findings indicate that coping responses tend to play a similar role in patients' pain and function across different musculoskeletal pain conditions, with some important exceptions. If the findings are found to replicate in other samples, they would have important implications for determining when psychosocial pain treatments might (and when they might not) need to be adapted for specific diagnostic groups. Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCT info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A dor crónica é uma experiência multidimensional influenciada por diferentes variáveis biológicas (e.g. etiologia da dor, estadio da doença), psicológicas (e.g. humor, crenças, estratégias de coping), sociais (e.g. suporte social) e espirituais (e.g. esperança, otimismo, perdão). Crê-se que a etiologia assume um papel importante na experiência de dor e no seu impacto, podendo ter um efeito moderador na associação de fatores psicossociais e medidas de ajustamento à condição. O presente estudo visa testar um modelo de moderação da etiologia da dor na associação entre a auto-eficácia e suporte social percebido e medidas de ajustamento à condição. A amostra foi constituída por 202 participantes adultos com dor crónica músculoesquelética de diferentes etiologias, que responderam a medidas de dor, ajustamento psicológico, auto-eficácia e suporte social percebido. A auto-eficácia e o suporte social percebido associam-se positiva e significativamente a medidas de ajustamento psicológico e negativamente a medidas de dor. A etiologia da dor não apresenta um efeito moderador na associação entre as variáveis do estudo. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a relevância da auto-eficácia e do suporte social percebido na experiência de dor músculo-esquelética independentemente da sua causa. A intervenção psicossocial junto desta população clínica deve promover a auto-eficácia e o suporte social percebido destes utentes. Chronic pain a multidimensional experience influenced by different biological (e.g. pain etiology, stage of the condition), psychological (e.g. humor, beliefs, coping strategies), social (e.g. social support) and spiritual (e.g. hope, optimism, forgiveness) variables. It is hypothesized that pain etiology has a relevant role in the experience of pain and its impact. Pain etiology might have a moderating role in the association between psychosocial factors and measures of adjustment to pain. This study aims at testing a moderation model of pain etiology in such association. The 202 adult participants with chronic musculoskeletal pain of different etiologies completed measures of pain, psychological adjustment, self-efficacy and perceived social support. Self-efficacy and perceived social support were positively and significantly associated with measures of psychological adjustment, and negatively correlated with measures of pain. Pain etiology was not a statistically significant moderator of the association between the study measures. Results confirm the relevance of self-efficacy and perceived social support in pain experience regardless of its etiology. Psychosocial intervention programs directed to this clinical population should promote these psychosocial factors of these patients.

Objective: It is assumed that pain control is better in inpatients compared to patients at home. Pain assessment is an important tool to improve pain management. In this study, 'One Day Pain Evaluation Questionnaire' was given to inpatients twice in 5 years. The aim was to evaluate and compare results of one day pain evaluation questionnairre. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was approved by the hospital administration and performed in May 7th in 2007 and March 15th in 2012 in Gazi University Hospital patients in medical and surgical clinics who accepted to participate in the study. One day pain questionnairre was developed by researchers and included patient's ward, pain scores (NRS-Numeric Rating Scale 0-10), causes of pain (operation, disease etc.) and pain related complications. Both questionnairres were evaluated and compared. Results: This questionnairre was administered in non-surgical and surgical wards; to 511 and 391 patients in 2007 and 2012, respectively. In 2007, moderate to severe pain (NRS=4-7) was 42.6% (36% postoperative pain) and in 2012 53.5% (22% postoperative pain). Postoperative pain score of patients with moderate to severe pain (NRS=4-7) was NRS 7.1±2.4 in 2007 and NRS 5.1±2.2 in 2012. The most common complication related to pain was sleep loss. Sleeplessness was 38.7% in 2007, compared to 25.8 in 2012. In 2012 postoperative pain was statistically less common compared to 2007 (p