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Attacking a naval vessel with multiple missiles is an important way to improve the hit rate of missiles. Missile-borne radars need to complete detection and antijamming tasks to guide missiles, but communication between these radars is often difficult. In this paper, an optimization method based on multi-agent reinforcement learning is proposed for the collaborative detection and antijamming tasks of multiple radars against one naval vessel. We consider the collaborative radars as one player to make their confrontation with the naval vessel a two-person zero-sum game. With temporal constraints of the radar’s and jammer’s recognition and preparation interval, the game focuses on taking a favorable position at the end of the confrontation. It is assumed the total jamming capability of a shipborne jammer is constant and limited, and the shipborne jammer allocates the jamming capability in the radar’s direction according to the radar threat assessment result and its probability of successful detection. The radars work collaboratively through prior centralized training and obtain a good performance by decentralized execution. The proposed method can make radars collaborate to detect the naval vessel, rather than only considering the detection result of each radar itself. Experimental results show that the proposed method in this paper is effective, improving the winning probability to 10% and 25% in the two-radar and four-radar scenarios, respectively.

To evaluate the impact of hypertension on the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients aged 60 years old and older.This single-center retrospective cohort study enrolled consecutive COVID-19 patients aged 60 years old and older, who were admitted to Liyuan Hospital from January 1, 2020 to April 25, 2020. All included patients were divided into two groups: hypertension and nonhypertension group. The baseline demographic characteristics, laboratory test results, chest computed tomography (CT) images and clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed. The prognostic value of hypertension was determined using binary logistic regression.Among the 232 patients included in the analysis, 105 (45.3%) patients had comorbid hypertension. Compared to the nonhypertension group, patients in the hypertension group had higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, red cell distribution widths, lactate dehydrogenase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, D-dimer and severity of lung lesion, and lower lymphocyte counts (all P0.05). Furthermore, the hypertension group had a higher proportion of intensive care unit admissions [24 (22.9%) vs. 14 (11.0%), P=0.02) and deaths [16 (15.2%) vs. 3 (2.4%), P0.001] and a significantly lower probability of survival (P0.001) than the nonhypertension group. Hypertension (OR: 4.540, 95% CI: 1.203-17.129, P=0.026) was independently correlated with all-cause in-hospital death in elderly patients with COVID-19.The elderly COVID-19 patients with hypertension tend to have worse conditions at baseline than those without hypertension. Hypertension may be an independent prognostic factor of poor clinical outcome in elderly COVID-19 patients.

Peripheral neuropathy, accompanied by chronic neuropathic pain, is among the frequent and debilitating complications of diabetes. Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for neuropathic pain, but the pathological mechanisms are unclear. The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inflammatory axis is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain,so we examined how hyperglycemia influences the HMGB1/TLR4 axis and behavioural manifestations of hyperalgesia in the Sprague-Dawley rat sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. Short-term hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin significantly augmented mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI model rats compared to normoglycemic CCI model rats.These augmented nociceptive behaviours were associated with increased immune cell infiltration and activation, cytokine production and expression levels of TLR4 and HMGB1, as well as with reduced Sirt1 expression in spinal cord dorsal horn and sciatic nerve. High glucose also enhanced HMGB1/TLR4 inflammatory axis activity and cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results suggest that hyperglycemia predisposes individuals with peripheral nerve injury to neuropathic pain, in part through enhancement of Sirt1/HMGB1/TLR4 signalling and ensuing neuroinflammation. &nbsp

TAMs and clinical prognosis. Patients were divided into two groups dependent on the density of Iba1 and CD163-positive cells and the percentage of CD163-postive cells in Iba1-positive TAMs. Kaplan-Myer analysis was performed and p-values by Wilcoxon test were described in the Materials and Methods section.

Immunohistochemistry of CD68, Iba1, and CD163. Bizarre multinucleate giant tumor cells are positive for CD68, however, negative for Iba1 and CD163. In addition, CD68 expression in TAMs were reduced and unclear to be detected.

Recent findings have shown the significance of CD163-positive macrophages in tumor progression, yet there have been few studies on the function of CD163 in macrophages. Here, we uncover the role of CD163 in macrophage activation using CD163-deficient mice and human samples. We detected CD163 in 62 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma samples, in which a high percentage of CD163-positive macrophages was associated with decreased overall survival and higher histologic grade. We observed macrophage-induced tumor cell proliferation in cocultures of human monocyte-derived macrophages and leiomyosarcoma (TYLMS-1) and myxofibrosarcoma (NMFH-1) cell lines, which was abrogated by silencing of CD163. Tumor development of sarcoma (MCA205 and LM8) cells in CD163-deficient mice was significantly abrogated in comparison with wild-type (WT) mice. Coculture with WT peritoneal macrophages significantly increased proliferation of MCA205 cells but decreased in the presence of CD163-deficient macrophages. Production of IL6 and CXCL2 in CD163-deficient macrophages was suppressed in comparison with WT macrophages, and overexpression of CD163 in CD163-deficient macrophages induced production of IL6 and CXCL2. Silencing of IL6 but not CXCL2 abrogated macrophage-induced proliferation of MCA205 cells. Taken together, our results show that CD163 is involved in protumoral activation of macrophages and subsequent development and progression of tumors in mice and humans.Significance: Macrophage CD163-mediated induction of IL6 promotes tumor development and progression in murine and human malignant tumors. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3255–66. ©2018 AACR.

Microenvironment of tumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry for EMR1, CD31, CD4, CD8, and Ki67 were performed in tumor samples from WT and CD163-/- mice transplanted with MCA205 and LM8, and representative data were presented.

The phenotype of macrophages in WT and CD163-/- mice. The expression of CD163 and CD204 was detected in peritoneal macrophages by western blot analysis (A). The expressions of EMR1, CD163, CD204, and CD206 were tested in several tissues by immunohistochemistry (B).

Immune cell infiltration in tumor tissues. The percentage of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), EMR1+ TAMs, and CD3+ T cells in MCA205 tumor nodules were evaluated by flow cytometry.

Hematology analysis

Univariate Cox regression analysis for progression free survival and overall survival

CD163 expression in and around tumor nodule. Immunohistochemistry for CD163 in tumor nodule from WT mice was presented.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as endogenous non-coding RNA with unique closed ring structure, is closely related to animal reproduction, and understanding the expression of circRNA in yak and cattleyak epididymal tissues is of great significance for understanding cattleyak sterility. Based on this, we screened and identified the differentially expressed circRNA in the epididymis of three yaks and two cattleyak. A total of 1,298 circRNAs were identified in the epididymis of yak and cattleyak, of which 137 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs and the functions of some of them were elucidated in this research, as well as qPCR verification to 6 circRNAs from the 137 DE circRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggested that DE circRNAs were mainly related to metabolic process, development process, immune system process, reproductive process, reproduction, biological adhesion and growth. COG classification analysis showed that the DE circRNAs derived genes were mainly related to replication, recombination and repair. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that DE circRNAs were mainly involved in RNA degradation. In addition, we also screened Bta-mir-103, which is a circRNA binding miRNA related to sperm activity.

A strategy based on in situ crosslinking and surface plasma treatment was developed to fabricate an EVOH nanofibrous sterile membrane with a robust and antifouling surface for high-performance sterile filtration.

A zwitterionic NFM was employed as a sterile membrane for an absolute interception of 107 cfu cm−2Brevundimonas diminuta.

The ameliorated solar photocatalytic performance is a combined result of Ag-NPs and caterpillar-like Zn–C hierarchical nanoarchitectures derived from MOF micro- and nanorods.

Aircraft icing has long been a plague to aviation for its serious threat to flight safety. Recently, researches about a newly proposed deicing method based on Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuator (PSJA) have just started. To meet the requirements of in-flight deicing, structure of PSJA needs to be adjusted. This paper completed the detailed design and experimental validation of a novel plasma striker, which was a modified version of PSJA. Influences of mass of the moving part and rod shapes on the ice-breaking performances were also studied. Besides, a “conical-nosed rod configuration” was proposed. Its purpose was to ensure a good ice-breaking performance of the plasma striker on long ice, by generating a splitting failure. Results show that, though mass of the moving part was just several grams, ice-breaking performance was better when the mass was lighter. The rectangular rod could generate an elliptical circumferential crack, whose major axis was parallel to the direction of the long side of the rectangular rod. And the “conical-nosed rod” concept was verified to be able to generate a splitting crack which can spread completely to the far end of long ice, and the crack direction was parallel to edge line of the cone. In general, the plasma striker has the advantages of simple structure, low energy consumption, little harm to the flow field and the aircraft skin. Simulations will be carried out in future works to study in detail the working process of the plasma striker.

In this article, we reported a hierarchical structure of flower-like zinc oxide (ZnO) and poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE) nanofiber (ZnO@NF) hybrid membranes for high-performance air filters. Monodispersed flower-like ZnO superstructures were fabricated using a template-free and surfactant-free hydrothermal method, and PVA-co-PE nanofiber yarns were prepared using a melt extrusion phase separation approach. The PVA-co-PE nanofiber yarns were subjected to high-speed shearing in a mixed aqueous solution of isopropanol and water to obtain a stably dispersed nanofiber suspension. The ZnO@NF hybrid air filter was obtained by coating the mixture of flower-like ZnO superstructures and the PVA-co-PE nanofiber suspension on the surface of the polypropylene (PP) meltblown nonwoven with the electret charge eliminated. The filtration efficiency of the ZnO@NF hybrid air filter increases with increasing loading amount of the flower-like ZnO superstructures, while the pressure drop decreases. The flower-like ZnO superstructures were incorporated into the nanofiber-interconnected networks, which significantly reduces the pressure drop of the pure PVA-co-PE nanofiber air filter. The filtration efficiency of the ZnO@NF hybrid air filter is much higher than that of PP meltblown nonwoven with eliminated electret charge, solving the hidden problem of electret charge dissipation during the protection process. It is demonstrated that these nanofiber hybrid air filters have great application potential in some special areas such as high-temperature and high-humidity environments.

SUMMARYAneuploidy, the presence of chromosome gains or losses, is a hallmark of cancer and congenital syndromes. Here, we describe KaryoCreate (Karyotype CRISPR Engineered Aneuploidy Technology), a system that enables generation of chromosome-specific aneuploidies by co-expression of a sgRNA targeting chromosome-specific CENPA-binding ɑ-satellite repeats together with dCas9 fused to a mutant form of KNL1. We designed unique and highly specific sgRNAs for 19 out of 24 chromosomes. Expression of these sgRNAs with KNL1Mut-dCas9 leads to missegregation and induction of gains or losses of the targeted chromosome in cellular progeny with an average efficiency of 8% and 12% for gains and losses, respectively (up to 20%), tested and validated across 9 chromosomes. Using KaryoCreate in colon epithelial cells, we show that chromosome 18q loss, a frequent occurrence in gastrointestinal cancers, promotes resistance to TGFβ, likely due to synergistic hemizygous deletion of multiple genes. Altogether, we describe a novel technology to create and study chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy in the context of cancer and beyond.HighlightsWe designed sgRNAs targeting chromosome-specific centromeres across 19 human chromosomesKaryoCreate combines chromosome-specific centromeric sgRNAs with dCas9 fused to a mutant form of KNL1.KaryoCreate allows engineering gains and losses of specific human chromosomes.Engineered Chromosome 18q loss promotes tumor-associated phenotypes in colon-derived cells.KaryoCreate is a CRISPR-based technology to foster the study of centromere biology and aneuploidy.

How cells control gene expression is a fundamental question. The relative contribution of protein-level and RNA-level regulation to this process remains unclear. Here, we perform a proteogenomic analysis of tumors and untransformed cells containing somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs). By revealing how cells regulate RNA and protein abundances of genes with SCNAs, we provide insights into the rules of gene regulation. Protein complex genes have a strong protein-level regulation while non-complex genes have a strong RNA-level regulation. Notable exceptions are plasma membrane protein complex genes, which show a weak protein-level regulation and a stronger RNA-level regulation. Strikingly, we find a strong negative association between the degree of RNA-level and protein-level regulation across genes and cellular pathways. Moreover, genes participating in the same pathway show a similar degree of RNA- and protein-level regulation. Pathways including translation, splicing, RNA processing, and mitochondrial function show a stronger protein-level regulation while cell adhesion and migration pathways show a stronger RNA-level regulation. These results suggest that the evolution of gene regulation is shaped by functional constraints and that many cellular pathways tend to evolve one predominant mechanism of gene regulation at the protein level or at the RNA level.

Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among cancer patients worldwide. Close to 85% of lung cancer pathology types are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With advances in medicine, the survival rate of early-stage NSCLC has improved. However, its overall 5-year survival rate and recurrence rate remain high. The search for potential therapeutic targets in the development of NSCLC provides new avenues for clinical treatment. In recent years, related studies have shown that microRNA-486 (miRNA-486) can promote tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, metastasis and drug resistance, and can be used as a new molecular marker for early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of tumors. However, the expression and prognosis of miRNA-486 in NSCLC are unclear. Therefore, this study further elucidated the relationship between miRNA-486 expression and prognosis in NSCLC through meta-analysis. In addition, the possible molecular mechanism of miRNA-486 was further analyzed by bioinformatics analysis to provide theoretical basis for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of NSCLC patients. Methods Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched. The search was scheduled from the establishment of the database to August 2021. Combined hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to evaluate the effect of miRNA-486 on the prognosis of NSCLC. Stata 16.0 software was used for meta-analysis. The expression of miRNA-486 in NSCLC was analyzed using the GEO database and TCGA database. Survival curves of miRNA-486 differential expression were analyzed by OncomiR. Target genes of miRNA-486 were predicted by TargetScan, miRBase, miRTarBase, starBase V2.0 and miRWalk. Target genes were obtained by the intersection of Venn diagrams. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID database. Results The results of this meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. Conclusion This study provides high-quality evidence support for the expression of miRNA-486 and the prognosis of NSCLC. Through bioinformatics analysis, we further discussed the mechanism of miRNA-486 in NSCLC and the understanding of related pathways.

Background: The morbidity and mortality of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are high, platinum-based chemotherapy has reached the efficacy threshold, and its use is limited by drug toxicity, so there is an urgent need to find a new effective and safe treatment. Chemotherapy, antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy are the routine methods for the treatment of NSCLC. However, the effect of the combination of the three treatments is currently controversial. Therefore, this study uses meta-analysis to further explore the efficacy and safety of recombinant human endostatin and chemotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC, so as to provide a reference basis for clinical decision-making. Methods: Relevant publications were searched from the clinical trials. Using computer to retrieve on Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Repositories, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to January 31, 2021. The two researchers independently carried out data extraction and literature quality evaluation on the quality and Meta-analysis of the included literature was carried out using Revman5.3 software. Results: The results of this meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. Conclusion: This study will provide reliable evidence-based basis for the clinical application of recombinant human endostatin and chemotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.

Constructing a sterile membrane with a robust and antifouling surface is a powerful means to improve the sterile filtration efficiency of sterile membranes. In this work, a robust EVOH nanofibrous sterile membrane was facilely fabricated by the method of

Depression and anxiety are common in patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and anxiety and depression can increase the risk of hospitalization and the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The relationship between the frequency of hospitalization for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and the anxiety and depression of patients is not fully understood. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the frequency of hospitalizations and anxiety and depression of patients of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). A collection of 309 AECOPD patients admitted to the emergency department in our hospital from 2019 to 2020 were divided into anxiety group A and depression group D according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score and divided into A1 and D1 negative groups (≤7 Score), A2 and D2 suspicious groups (8–10 points), A3 and D3 confirmed groups (≥11 points) for paired analysis of anxiety and depression correlation and difference and comparison of the frequency of hospitalization in each group within 2 years. The results found that anxiety and depression were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.654, p = 0.000). Intra-group comparison shows that the difference between the anxiety-diagnosed and non-diagnosed groups and the depression subgroups are statistically p < 0.05; the comparison between the anxiety subgroup and the depression subgroup showed that there was a statistical difference between the confirmed group and the non-diagnosed group (p < 0.01). In short, AECOPD anxiety is positively correlated with depression, and depression is affected by the frequency of hospitalization earlier and gradually, and anxiety should be prioritized in the acute phase.

Ca2+ channels are essential to cell birth, life, and death. They can be externally activated by optogenetic tools, but this requires robust introduction of exogenous optogenetic genes for expression of photosensitive proteins in biological systems. Here we present femtoSOC, a method for direct control of Ca2+ channels solely by ultrafast laser without the need for optogenetic tools or any other exogenous reagents. Specifically, by focusing and scanning wavelength-tuned low-power femtosecond laser pulses on the plasma membrane for multiphoton excitation, we directly induced Ca2+ influx in cultured cells. Mechanistic study reveals that photoexcited flavins covalently bind cysteine residues in Orai1 via thioether bonds, which facilitates Orai1 polymerization to form store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) independently of STIM1, a protein generally participating in SOC formation, enabling all-optical activation of Ca2+ influx and downstream signaling pathways. Moreover, we used femtoSOC to demonstrate direct neural activation both in brain slices in vitro and in intact brains of living mice in vivo in a spatiotemporal-specific manner, indicating potential utility of femtoSOC.

In this work, the enhanced correction factor technique (ECFT) is modified for a subsonic wing–body interference model, which can consider the forces on both the lifting boxes and the body elements of an idealized airplane, termed the advanced ECFT method. A passenger aircraft model is chosen as the simulation model, and the longitudinal static aeroelasticity at the transonic situation for two-degree freedom, including the α (angle of attack) degree and ϕ (angle of horizontal tail) degree, is simulated in this paper. The corresponding CFD results are used to correct the aerodynamic influence coefficients (AIC) matrix, which is then simulated by MSC.NASTRAN. The pressure distribution results of different aircraft components received by the advanced ECFT method indicate that it is suitable for the subsonic wing–body interference model. Compared with the uncorrected linear method and the diagonal corrected method, it is generally more consistent with the CFD/CSD coupling method, not only for the lifting boxes, but also for the body elements. In addition, the aerodynamic derivative results also show good agreement with the flight test data, which solidly verifies the advance ECFT method.

To study the influence of fillings on rock failure. By turning to the Drucker-Prager strength model and cumulative damage criteria, investigations are made, with the nonlinear AUTODYN software, into crack propagation behaviors in crack-filled and unfilled specimens under uniaxial dynamic loading. Under investigations are crack initiation position, sequence and angle, and coalescence mode. According to the mode of propagation and coalescence, cracks are divided into three types, i.e., the tensile wing, the antiwing, and the horsetail. The simulation results show that under uniaxial dynamic loading, differences are found in initiation position, angle, and coalescence mode for specimens with cracks filled or otherwise. However, filling does not affect crack initiation sequence. Under the same loading, the damage to filled specimen is less severe than that to the unfilled specimen.

Shock wave/boundary layer interaction (SWBLI) is still one of the unresolved bottlenecks that restrict the development of more advanced flight vehicles. Supersonic forward-facing step (FFS), an extreme case of compression ramp, often occurs severe SWBLIs with a large separation bubble. In this paper, experimental investigations on vortical structures and density fluctuations characteristics of supersonic FFS controlled by self-sustaining dual synthetic jets (SDSJ) are carried out in a Mach number 2.95 wind tunnel. High spatial–temporal resolution flowfield images of FFS without/with active flow control are captured by adopting nano-particle-based planar laser scattering technique. The control effects of the distance between the actuator and the step are mainly compared. The paper finds that the SDSJ can effectively change the feature of flowfield, eliminate the separation shock and the reattachment shock, compel the original shock induced by the step leading edge to distort and reduce its intensity finally. Density fluctuations analysis demonstrates that the whole flows seem to move upstream with the increase of distance (dS-J). Discrete Fourier transformation spectrums results reveal that the fluctuations are mainly located in the low-frequency region at first. High-frequency components and frequency bandwidth increase slightly after the SDSJ are applied.

A COVID-19 outbreak occurred in May 2020 in a public housing building in Hong Kong - Luk Chuen House, located in Lek Yuen Estate. The horizontal cluster linked to the index case' flat (flat 812) remains to be explained. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted to obtain the wind-pressure coefficients of each external opening on the eighth floor of the building. The data were then used in a multi-zone airflow model to estimate the airflow rate and aerosol concentration in the flats and corridors on that floor. Apart from flat 812 and corridors, the virus-laden aerosol concentrations in flats 811, 813, 815, 817 and 819 (opposite to flat 812, across the corridor) were the highest on the eighth floor. When the doors of flats 813 and 817 were opened by 20%, the hourly-averaged aerosol concentrations in these two flats were at least four times as high as those in flats 811, 815 and 819 during the index case's home hours or the suspected exposure period of secondary cases. Thus, the flats across the corridor that were immediately downstream from flat 812 were at the highest exposure risk under a prevailing easterly wind, especially when their doors or windows that connected to the corridor were open. Given that the floorplan and dimension of Luk Chuen House are similar to those of many hotels, our findings provide a probable explanation for COVID-19 outbreaks in quarantine hotels. Positive pressure and sufficient ventilation in the corridor would help to minimise such cross-corridor infections.

How cells control gene expression is a fundamental question. The relative contribution of protein-level and transcript-level regulation to this process remains unclear. Here we perform a proteogenomic analysis of tumors and untransformed cells containing somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs). By revealing how cells regulate transcript and protein abundances of SCNA-containing genes, we provide insights into the rules of gene regulation. While gene compensation mainly occurs at the protein level across tumor types, genes gained or lost show surprisingly low protein compensation in lung and high RNA compensation in colon cancer. Protein complex genes have a strong protein-level regulation while non-complex genes have a strong transcript-level regulation. Exceptions are plasma membrane protein complexes showing a very low protein-level regulation. Strikingly, we find a strong negative association between the degree of transcript-level and protein-level regulation across genes and pathways. Moreover, genes participating in the same pathway show similar degree of transcript- and protein-level regulation. Pathways including translation, splicing and mitochondrial function show a stronger protein-level regulation while cell adhesion and migration pathways show a stronger transcript-level regulation. These results suggest that the evolution of gene regulation is shaped by functional constraints and that many cellular pathways tend to evolve a predominant mechanism of gene regulation, possibly due to energetic constraints.HighlightsProteogenomic analyses of cancer SCNAs reveal tissue specificity in gene compensation.Genes gained or lost show surprisingly low protein compensation in lung cancer and unexpected RNA compensation in colon cancer.We use DNA-RNA and RNA-protein correlations to infer the degree of RNA-level and protein-level regulation.Protein complex genes and non-complex genes show high protein-level and RNA-level regulation, respectively.Plasma membrane complexes are an exception showing more RNA-level than protein-level regulation than other complex genes.Genes participating in the same pathway show similar degree of RNA-level and protein-level regulation.There is a strong negative relationship between the RNA- and protein-level regulation among pathways, suggesting that they are regulated either at the protein or at the RNA level.Genes involved in RNA processing and protein synthesis are upregulated in highly aneuploid tumors, especially at the protein level.

A simple estimation method of momentum coefficient of synthetic jet actuator has been proposed. Flow separation over an airfoil can be suppressed sufficiently with the estimated momentum coefficient. At a certain angle of attack (AOA), momentum deficit of boundary layer at front of separation point can be quantified based on Bernoulli's theorem. The function of synthetic jet actuator is deemed to be momentum addition and two stages of the addition corresponding to blowing and suction phases are considered respectively. The required momentum coefficient as well as the associated injection angle is determined preliminarily with the assumption of synthetic jet actuator at front of separation point. Since synthetic jet actuator is usually installed near the leading edge, a modification is introduced to consider the influence of excitation location. Using this method, flow separation over a NACA0015 airfoil is suppressed nearly completely with AOA = 15° and synthetic jet actuator at x/ c = 10%. Different angle of attacks corresponding to pre-stall angle, post-stall angle, and deep stall angle have been examined, respectively. Results indicate that the method is effective at pre-stall angle and post-stall angle. However, momentum coefficient will be underestimated when the separation point is upstream to the location of the airfoil's maximum thickness. At deep stall angle, the method is invalid. The estimation method is useful for practices of flow separation control with synthetic jet actuator.

The interaction between self-sustaining dual jets and supersonic laminar boundary layer is experimentally studied using the nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering in a Ma 2.95 supersonic low-turbulence wind tunnel for the first time. The typical fine flow structures, such as separation shock, “W” bow shock, barrel shock, horseshoe vortex, large-scale vortex structures and counter-rotating vortex pairs, are clearly identified by streamwise and spanwise flowfield images. The curves of jet penetration depth are fitted at the momentum ratio of 0.55 between self-sustaining dual jets and supersonic crossflow. The results play a significant role in further and comprehensive exploration of the active flow control for a supersonic flow.