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Additional file 2: table S2. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses to determine factors associated with high TBAg − Nil IFN-γ levels in the IGRA (QFT-GIT).

Additional file 1: Method. Flow cytometry, Isolation and cultivation of rat andmouse bone marrow-derived MSCs, RNA sequencing analysis. Fig. S1. Preparation of PUM2 mutant lacking the RNA-binding domain. Fig. S2. Point mutation of the GFP/DLX5 mRNA 3’-UTR construct at 319 to 321 nt, 328 to 331 nt, and 348 to 351 nt. Fig. S3. In vivo fluorescence imaging to monitor AAV9 injection. Fig. S4. Knockdown of PUM2 in MSCs increases the ALP-positive cell population. Fig. S5. The effect of fibrin glue gel on the self-regeneration ability of rats with calvarial defects. Fig. S6. Detection of immune cells in transplanted sites of xenograft human MSCs by immunohistochemistry. Fig. S7. Western blot analysis using a human-specific vimentin antibody. Fig. S8. Effect of Pum2 knockdown in MSCs isolated from rat bone marrow. Fig. S9. Analysis to find potential RNA targets that can interact with PUM2 during MSC osteogenesis. Table S1. List of 3’-UTRs for human DLX5, FGFR3, EGF, MSX1, ITGA2, FGFR2, and TGFBR2. Red-colored letters mean PBEs with the exact sequences, and blue-colored letters mean PBEs with possible binding motifs. Table S2. List of primers used in the present study. Table S3. siRNAs used in the current study.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930231168742 for Dual antiplatelet Use for extended period taRgeted to AcuTe ischemic stroke with presumed atherosclerotic OrigiN (DURATION) trial: Rationale and design by Joon-Tae Kim, Jihoon Kang, Beom Joon Kim, Jun Yup Kim, Moon-Ku Han, Ki-Hyun Cho, Man-Seok Park, Kang-Ho Choi, Jong-Moo Park, Kyusik Kang, Yong Soo Kim, Soo Joo Lee, Jae Guk Kim, Jae-Kwan Cha, Dae-Hyun Kim, Tai Hwan Park, Sang-Soon Park, Jin Kyo Choi, Kyungbok Lee, Kwang-Yeol Park, Hae-Bong Jeong, Jun Lee, Doo Hyuk Kwon, Yong-Jin Cho, Keun-Sik Hong, Hong-Kyun Park, Byung-Chul Lee, Kyung-Ho Yu, Mi Sun Oh, Minwoo Lee, Dong-Eog Kim, Dong-Seok Gwak, Jay Chol Choi, Joong-Goo Kim, Chul-Hoo Kang, Jee-Hyun Kwon, Wook-Joo Kim, Dong-Ick Shin, Kyu Sun Yum, Sung Il Sohn, Jeong-Ho Hong, Hyungjong Park, Chulho Kim, Sang-Hwa Lee, Juneyoung Lee, Philip B Gorelick, Bo Norrving and Hee-Joon Bae in International Journal of Stroke

Additional file 3: table S3. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with IGRA (QFT-GIT) positivity.

Additional file 5: table S5. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with high Nil IFN-γ levels in the IGRA (QFT-GIT), with chronic disease collectively serving as an independent variable.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930231168742 for Dual antiplatelet Use for extended period taRgeted to AcuTe ischemic stroke with presumed atherosclerotic OrigiN (DURATION) trial: Rationale and design by Joon-Tae Kim, Jihoon Kang, Beom Joon Kim, Jun Yup Kim, Moon-Ku Han, Ki-Hyun Cho, Man-Seok Park, Kang-Ho Choi, Jong-Moo Park, Kyusik Kang, Yong Soo Kim, Soo Joo Lee, Jae Guk Kim, Jae-Kwan Cha, Dae-Hyun Kim, Tai Hwan Park, Sang-Soon Park, Jin Kyo Choi, Kyungbok Lee, Kwang-Yeol Park, Hae-Bong Jeong, Jun Lee, Doo Hyuk Kwon, Yong-Jin Cho, Keun-Sik Hong, Hong-Kyun Park, Byung-Chul Lee, Kyung-Ho Yu, Mi Sun Oh, Minwoo Lee, Dong-Eog Kim, Dong-Seok Gwak, Jay Chol Choi, Joong-Goo Kim, Chul-Hoo Kang, Jee-Hyun Kwon, Wook-Joo Kim, Dong-Ick Shin, Kyu Sun Yum, Sung Il Sohn, Jeong-Ho Hong, Hyungjong Park, Chulho Kim, Sang-Hwa Lee, Juneyoung Lee, Philip B Gorelick, Bo Norrving and Hee-Joon Bae in International Journal of Stroke

Additional file 6: table S6. Characteristics of the cases with indeterminate results of IGRA (QFT-GIT).

Additional file 4: table S4. Comparison of Nil IFN-γ levels according to the presence of chronic disease.

Background: Implant surface topography is a key element in achieving osseointegration. Nanostructured surfaces have shown promising results in accelerating and improving bone healing around dental implants. The main objective of the present clinical and histological study is to compare, at 4 and 6 weeks, (w) bone-to-implant contact in implants having either machined surface (MAC), SLA medium roughness surface or a Nanostructured Calcium-Incorporated sur-face (XPEED®). Methods: 35 mini-implants with 3 different surface treatments (XPEED® (n=16) – SLA (n=13) – Machined (n=6), were placed in the posterior maxilla of 11 patients then, retrieved at either 4 or 6w in a randomized split-mouth study design. Results: The BIC rate measured at 4 and 6w respectively, was: 16.8 % (±5.0) and 29.0 % (±3.1) for MAC surface; 18.5 % (±2.3) and 33.7 % (±3.3) for SLA surface; 22.4 % (±1.3) and 38.6 % (±3.2) for XPEED® surface. In all types of in-vestigated surfaces, the time factor appeared to significantly increase the BIC rate (p < .05). XPEED® surface showed a significantly higher values when compared to both SLA and MAC values at 4w (p < .05). Also, at 6w, both roughened surfaces (SLA and XPEED® ) showed signifi-cantly higher values (p < .05) than turned surface (MAC). Conclusion: Nanostructured Calcium titanate coating is able to enhance bone deposition around implants at early healing stages.

Cremastra appendiculata var. variabilis (Blume) I.D. Lund), also known as single-leaf cremastra (SLC), is a rare and threatened species native to Korea, and it has the potential to be grown as a beautiful flowering pot or garden plant. There is still no reliable strategy to multiply SLC. Thus, an effective method for propagating single-leaf cremastra was needed for its conservation and mass production. In the present study, we examined the effects of culture media, seed age, activated charcoal, and plant growth regulators on in vitro asymbiotic seed germination, secondary protocorm induction, and seedling formation. Asymbiotic seed germination of SLC was influenced by culture media, seed age, and their interaction. The addition of activated charcoal (500 mg/L) to the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium increased the rate of germination. The seeds were best germinated (91.9%) by culturing on MS medium supplemented with activated charcoal (500 mg/L), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (3 µM), and kinetin (1 µM). The highest number (28.9) of secondary protocorms were produced when protocorms were cultured on MS medium containing 6-benzyladenine (4 µM) and kinetin (2 µM). When the protocorms were cultivated in a medium containing gibberellic acid (1 µM), they were able to transform into SLC with the highest success rate (78.7%). The propagation protocol described here may be helpful for SLC restoration programs and large-scale production.

Flavonoid aglycones possess biological activities, such as antioxidant and antidiabetic activities compared to glycosides. Taxifolin, a flavonoid aglycones, is detected only in trace amounts in nature and is not easily observed. Therefore, in this study, to investigate the hair tonic and hair loss inhibitors effect of taxifolin, high content of taxifolin aglycone extract was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis. Taxifolin effectively regulates the apoptosis of dermal papilla cells, which is associated with hair loss, based on its strong antioxidant activities. However, inhibition of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is a major cause of male pattern hair loss, was significantly reduced with taxifolin treatment compared with minoxidil, as a positive control. It was also confirmed that a representative factor for promoting hair growth, IGF-1, was significantly increased, and that TGF-β1, a representative biomarker for hair loss, was significantly reduced with taxifolin treatment. These results suggest that taxifolin from enzymatic hydrolysis of RM is a potential treatment for hair loss and a hair growth enhancer.

본 연구는 피클볼에 참여하는 중년여성들의 동기와 목적을 심층적으로 고찰하고 이를 통해 중년여성들을 위한 신체활동 프로그램으로서 피클볼의 가능성을 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 피클볼에 참여하는 40~60세 중년여성 10명을 연구참여자로 선정하여 질적사례연구 방법을 통해 연구를 수행하였다. 연구자료수집을 위해 심층면담과 온라인 자료를 활용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 중년여성들의 피클볼 참여 동기는 첫째, 스포츠 참여 제약 및 중단과 피클볼의 접근성, 둘째, 기성 스포츠의 배타성과 뉴스포츠로서 피클볼의 개방성, 셋째, 쉽게 배울 수 있는 피클볼의 특성과 그로 인한 낮은 진입장벽이 도출되었다. 중년여성들의 피클볼 참여 목적은 첫째, 신체노화에 따른 신체활동의 필요, 둘째, 우울감의 해소와 사회적 교류 욕구 충족, 셋째, 진지한 여가로서 도전, 경쟁, 성취감의 추구였다. 본 연구에서 드러난 접근성, 비용효율성, 개방성, 사회성 그리고 중강도 유산소운동 등 피클볼의 다양한 특징들은 한국에서 중년여성들이 참여할만한 또 하나의 신체활동 프로그램으로서 가능성을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 매우 빠르게 성장하고 있는 피클볼에 대하여 국내에서 처음으로 수행된 연구라는 점, 중년여성들을 위한 신체활동 프로그램의 관점에서 피클볼 참여의 이점 등이 질적사례연구를 통해 경험적으로 정리되었다는 점 등에 의의가 있다.

본 연구는 노인의 인지기능 변화 형태와 영향요인을 파악하기 위하여 한국고령화패널 (Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging: KLoSA)의 4차년도부터 7차년도의 자료를 사용하였으며, 다변량 잠재성장모형으로 자료를 분석하였다. 분석대상은 4차(2012년) 기준 65세이상 85세이하 노인으로 최종 분석 대상자는 2012년부터 2018년까지의 추적조사에 응답한 노인 5,503명이다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 노인의 인지기능은 선형으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 노인의 인지기능변화에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별, 연령, 혼인상태, 규칙적 운동참여, 운동횟수, 종교, 여가스포츠활동 이었다. 성별이 남성일 때 연령이 낮을수록, 배우자가 있을수록 인지기능 초기치가 높았다. 규칙적 운동참여와 운동횟수는 인지기능에 초기치와 변화율에 모두 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 즉 규칙적인 운동을 참여한 노인일수록 운동횟수가 높은 노인일수록 인지기능저하와 예방에 도움을 주는 변수로 나타났다. 종교가 있고, 여가스포츠활동 횟수가 높은 노인일수록 인지기능 초기치에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 노인의 인지기능저하 예방과 규칙적인 운동과 횟수, 여가스포츠활동의 활성화를 위한 이론적, 실천적 함의를 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how university students" leisure has changed before and after COVID-19, and whether leisure motivation and health belief have influenced leisure change. For this, data were collected from 235 university students in the Seoul and Gyounggi area. The research results analyzed through cross-analysis and hierarchical logistic regression are as follows. First, there were differences in leisure of university students before and after COVID-19. Compared to before, sports participation activities, cultural and arts viewing activities decreased, and recreational activities increased significantly. Based on the research results, the characteristics of leisure change of university students after COVID-19 can be called "game and media". Second, physical leisure motivation and social leisure motivation have been associated with changes in leisure of university students since COVID-19. Third, perceived benefit of health beliefs has influenced the leisure change of university students after COVID-19. Fourth, physical leisure motivation and perceived susceptibility of health belief showed an interaction effect on leisure changes of university students after COVID-19.

매체의 발달로 언어 현상도 다양한 모습으로 나타난다. 최근 인터넷을 중심으로 이미지, 음악, 영상 등과 결합한 ‘인터넷 밈’이 유행하고 있다. ‘인터넷 밈’은 각 분야에서 활발하게 논의되고 있는 ‘밈’의 하나이다. 밈은 문화 요소를 모방하여 전파하는 문화적 진화를 이르는 용어인데, 인터넷 밈은 이와 구분하여 참여문화의 형성과 모방 과정에 창의성이 더해지는 것이 주요 특징이다. 인터넷 밈의 개념은 그 외연을 규정할 수 없을 정도로 방대하고 모호하지만, 일반 언중들에게는 ‘인터넷에 존재하는 사진, 영상 등이 포함된 유행어’ 정도로 받아들여지고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본고는 인터넷 밈이 언어적 성격을 지녔다고 보고, 인터넷 밈의 언어적 특징을 밝히고자 한다. 논의를 진행하기 위해 밈의 개념과 인터넷 밈의 개념을 기술하고, 국내에 인터넷 밈이 생겨난 배경과 전파된 요인을 살펴보았다. 이후 인터넷 밈이 지닌 언어적 특징으로 인터넷 밈과 신어 형성의 관계, 인터넷 밈과 유행어, 신어의 관계 등을 분석하였다. 인터넷 밈은 이전부터 이어져 온 언어 현상의 연장선으로 언어가 사용되는 자연스러운 흐름으로 이해할 수 있다. 이에 인터넷 밈이 지닌 언어적 성격과 관련된 논의가 긍정적으로 나아가기 위해 인터넷 밈에 대한 비판적 수용과 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Although the effectiveness of urban forest therapy has been studied and proven, most people are not well aware of the positive healing effects of urban forests that are easily accessible in daily life compared to the known healing effect of forests located outside urban areas. In addition, there has been a study on the analysis of urban forest healing program needs in the general population, but there is a lack of evidence on the expected values and needs of urban forest healing for people with diseases. Therefore, this pilot survey aimed to investigate the expected values, needs, and preferred components of urban forest healing programs in urban forest visitors with disease via an online user survey and see if there were any differences in the purpose of the urban forest visits and expected values of urban forest healing depending on the type of disease. The survey was conducted on 294 urban forest visitors with diseases. About 79% of respondents agreed with the healing effects of urban forest, however most respondents expected healing effects on mental health rather than on physical health (“mood change” was the highest with score of 4.43/5, followed by “reliving stress” (4.35/5) and “mental and physical stability” (4.31/5)). In addition, more than 82.0% of respondents agreed to participate in the program if a healing program for disease was developed. The results of the current pilot survey indicate that the purpose of the urban forest visits and expected values of urban forest healing were largely not different by the type of disease, and people with disease had a relatively lower awareness and lower expected values of urban forest healing effects on physical health, but high demand for the program. Urban forest therapy programs should be developed based on the specific clinical characteristics of the disease to maximize the effectiveness of the program. Additionally, policies should be implemented to promote the beneficial effects of urban forest healing not only for mental health but also for physical health.

Ordered assemblies of molecular semiconductors have been of particular interest for their integral role in organic optoelectronics, originating from interesting optical and charge transport properties. Compared with disordered films, organized nanostructured organic semiconductors display enhanced optoelectronic characteristics. However, past studies using template layer and self-assembly strategies are not applicable to molecular heterointerfaces and cannot be practically integrated into existing device fabrication routines to achieve large-area optoelectronic devices. This dissertation demonstrates unprecedented strategies to create one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures of molecular semiconductors using vapor deposition techniques. We begin this work by investigating how the interplay between dipole-dipole and van der Waals interactions competes to direct the assembly of molecular semiconductors in Chapter 2. Four small molecules consist of anisotropic, non-planar structures with large dipole moments are examined, and we establish robust algorithms to control their molecular self-assembly via physical vapor deposition (PVD). We study the kinetics of self-assembly for these molecules and create diverse 1D morphologies by varying PVD growth parameters. In Chapter 3, an ultrathin seed layer of the compound coronene is incorporated to create 1D nanostructures of an electron-transporting molecule (Dp-IFD), which has a strong propensity to form disordered films in the absence of the seed layer. This seed layer strategy can generate uniform nanostructures over large areas at low processing temperatures. Notably, the coronene seed layer creates Dp-IFD nanostructures when applied over either oxide or organic layers, meaning that this approach can be inserted into existing diode manufacturing algorithm to realize large-area flexible optoelectronic devices. In Chapter 4, we further show that nanostructured Dp-IFD films exhibit enhanced optical and photonic properties, including photoluminescence quantum yield and decay lifetimes. It is revealed that these enhanced optical properties are attributed to aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence process, which is beneficial for solid-state light emitting device applications. Lastly, we present a widely applicable strategy to develop robust solid-state biosensors using emergent nanobody recognition elements coupled with a vapor-deposited polymer encapsulation layer in Chapter 5. Photoinitiated chemical vapor deposition (piCVD) affords thin, protective polymer barrier layers over immobilized nanobody arrays that allow for retention of nanobody activity and specificity after storage under harsh conditions.

Additional file 1.

청소년들의 신체활동, 좌식행동, 수면을 측정하기 위한 자기 기입형 설문지는 국외에서 개발, 발전되어왔지만, 국내에는 미흡한 실정이다. 청소년들의 복잡한 행동양상/생활습관을 조사하기 위해 연구참여자의 부담을 최소화하는 동시에 현재 사용되고 있는 다양한 설문지를 연구목적에 적합하게 선택하는 것은 중요하다. 따라서, 본 연구는 체계적 문헌 고찰을 통해 한국 청소년들의 신체활동, 좌식행동 및 수면을 조사하기 위한 청소년의 설문지를 알아보고 그 설문지의 특징과 설문지의 타당성 및 신뢰성을 종합·정리하는데 그 목적이 있다. 그 결과, 국내외 청소년의 신체활동, 좌식행동 및 수면 설문지는 총 35개로 정리되었다. 그 중에서 신체활동 설문지가 31편으로 가장 많았으며, 신체활동, 좌식행동 및 수면을 모두 포함한 설문지는 2편으로 나타났다. 활동 범주는 크게 신체활동, 좌식행동과 수면으로 구분되며, 활동의 구성은 학교, 여가, 그리고 장소 이동 중 일어나는 활동으로 구성되었다. 또한, 설문지는 활동의 회상 기간에 따라 특정 기간과 평소의 활동으로 나뉘며, 활동의 시간, 빈도, 강도, 종류/유형에 따라 구분되는 것으로 나타났다. 청소년의 신체활동, 좌식행동 및 수면은 독립적 또는 상호적으로 건강에 영향을 미치기 때문에 문화적으로 적절하고 상황에 맞는, 그리고 타당하고 신뢰할 수 있는 설문지를 사용하는 것은 한국 청소년의 24시간 활동을 예측하는 데 중요하다. 또한, 대규모 국제적 조사를 위한 아동·청소년의 24시간 활동 조사 도구의 개발 및 타당도 및 신뢰도의 확보가 절실히 필요하다.

While there may be some differences depending on the industry architecture, a complex and rapidly changing global business environment calls for fast and efficient strategy management and ongoing innovation for enduring companies. In order to effectively implement the strategies that are established and produce results, each member of the organization should act as a self-leader who is actively performing a strategy and play a role above the assigned task. This paper analyzes the existing studies on self-leadership in detail, and examines the relationship between self-leadership, organizational citizenship behavior and organizational loyalty based on focusing on dynamic strategy management throughout the organization. Also, this paper strives to suggest the points that organization should be done to improve the capabilities of organization members.

방첩이란 적대적인 외국의 정보활동에 대응하는 일체의 행위를 의미한다. 정보기관의 활동은 본질적으로 보안성을 가장 큰 미덕으로 인식하기 때문에 학문적인 영역에서 이에 접근하는 것이 쉽지 않았다. 하지만 글로벌 정보환경은 급변하고 있다. 전통적 방첩개념에서는 정치·군사적 영역을 중심으로 방첩업무가 이루어졌지만 포괄적 안보상황에서는 다양한 형태에 대한 정보수집이 이루어질 수 있으므로 이에 대한 유연한 전략이 요구된다. 하지만 방첩업무가 국민의 기본권 침해에 직접적으로 관여할 수 있음에도 불구하고 최소한의 근거 규정만 존재하고 있다는 점은 정보활동의 법치화라는 관점에서 개선을 요하는 문제이다. 더 나아가 국민의 기본권 보장을 위해 방첩업무가 필요하며, 방첩업무의 특성상 수사절차와 같이 공개적이고 사법적 통제를 가하는 것이 적절하지 않다는 목적론적 배려를 가정해도 현행 방첩업무를 위한 제반 규정이 과연 방첩업무를 통한 국민의 기본권 보장이라는 소정의 목적을 달성할 수 있는가에 대해 질문을 한다면 안타깝게도 그렇지 못하다는 것이 본 연구의 문제의식이다. 이에 본 연구는 변화하는 환경에서 실질적인 방첩업무를 보장함으로 국민의 기본권 침해 우려를 방지하기 위한 개선안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 방첩의 개념과 범위의 확대이다. 즉, 방첩업무 기본법률이 제정된다면 방첩의 개념을 종래의 수동적·소극적 방첩이 아닌 능동적·적극적 방첩개념으로 설정하여 방첩업무를 다변화하고 방첩업무에 대한 전통적인 위협과 비전통적인 위협 모두에 대응할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 아울러 정보환경의 변화에 따른 안보위협요소의 다변화에 대응하기 위해서 방첩기관의 확대를 제시하였다. 둘째, 방첩업무의 원활한 수행과 관련하여 기존의 문제점을 지적하고 몇 가지 전향적인 제안을 하였다. 여기서 가장 핵심적인 확인사항은 방첩정보의 수집·검증 수단의 명문화이다. 방첩첩보를 수집하는 방법은 법률적 방법과 사실적 방법으로 대별할 수 있는데, 인간정보수집, 기술정보수집, 공개출처정보 수집 등과 같은 사실적 방법이 문제된다. 특히 정보관이 구체적인 방첩업무를 수행함에 있어서 신분을 가장(under cover)하거나, 정보원을 운영하는 등의 법률적 근거와 신뢰성이 문제된다. 이를 불식하기 위해서는 방첩기관 직원이 구체적 업무에서 신분을 가장할 수 있다는 근거규정과, 방첩기관이 협조자를 운영할 수 있다는 법률적 근거가 필요함을 확인하였다. 셋째, 방첩사건 전담법원의 설치 등이다. 정보업무 더 나아가 비밀성이 극도로 요구되는 방첩업무에 대해서도 법치주의의 요청은 당연한 것이며, 방첩업무 등 정보업무에 대한 사법부의 통제 역시 자연스러운 것이다. 따라서 방첩업무 등 정보업무를 수행함에 있어서 영장주의 원칙은 당연히 적용되어야 한다. 하지만 여기에는 영장주의 원칙의 내재적 문제점과 법원의 내재적 한계의 문제점이 존재한다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서라도 방첩업무를 규제할 수 있는 기본법의 필요성이 제기되며, 방첩사건을 포함한 안보범죄에 특화된 전담법원의 창설을 장기적으로 고려해야 함을 주장했다.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tej-10.1177_2041731421999750 for Development of stabilized dual growth factor-loaded hyaluronate collagen dressing matrix by Jihyun Kim, Kyoung-Mi Lee, Seung Hwan Han, Eun Ae Ko, Dong Suk Yoon, Ik Kyu Park, Hang-Cheol Shin, Kwang Hwan Park and Jin Woo Lee in Journal of Tissue Engineering

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Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, The performance of scoring systems for risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) was not validated well in patients with stroke. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the risk scoring systems predict vascular outcomes in stroke patients with AF. Data were obtained from a nationwide multicenter registry for acute stroke with AF from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2015. We investigated the predictive power of the CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, ATRIA, and Essen stroke scores in stroke patients with AF. The subjects were further stratified into groups according to treatment with or without oral anticoagulants (OACs). A total of 3112 stroke with AF subjects were included. The rate of recurrent ischemic stroke and any stroke were not associated with the CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, ATRIA, and Essen stroke risk scores. The risks of death and major adverse cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events (MACEs) increased sequentially with the increase of each risk score in OAC group. (the range of C-index 0.544–0.558 for recurrent ischemic stroke; 0.523–0.537 for any stroke; 0.580–0.597 for death; 0.564–0.583 for MACEs). However, in the group treated with OACs, all risk scores were significantly associated with the risk of MACEs. The C-statistics of the 4 scoring systems were 0.544 to 0.558, 0.523 to 0.537, 0.580 to 0.597, 0.564 to 0.583, respectively, for recurrent ischemic stroke, any stroke, death, and MACEs. The performance of the CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, ATRIA, and Essen stroke risk scores for the prediction of recurrent stroke was unsatisfactory in stroke patients with AF whereas the performance for the prediction of recurrent stroke was not MACEs or death was good. A new risk stratification scheme that is specific for secondary stroke prevention in the AF population is needed.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ajs-10.1177_0363546521992471 for Bone Marrow Stimulation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: Are Clinical Outcomes Maintained 10 Years Later? by Jae Han Park, Kwang Hwan Park, Jae Yong Cho, Seung Hwan Han and Jin Woo Lee in The American Journal of Sports Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tej-10.1177_2041731421999750 for Development of stabilized dual growth factor-loaded hyaluronate collagen dressing matrix by Jihyun Kim, Kyoung-Mi Lee, Seung Hwan Han, Eun Ae Ko, Dong Suk Yoon, Ik Kyu Park, Hang-Cheol Shin, Kwang Hwan Park and Jin Woo Lee in Journal of Tissue Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-pptx-2-tej-10.1177_2041731421999750 for Development of stabilized dual growth factor-loaded hyaluronate collagen dressing matrix by Jihyun Kim, Kyoung-Mi Lee, Seung Hwan Han, Eun Ae Ko, Dong Suk Yoon, Ik Kyu Park, Hang-Cheol Shin, Kwang Hwan Park and Jin Woo Lee in Journal of Tissue Engineering

The bearings or the seismic isolation bearings that play a critical role in bridge structures are fixed to the substructure by anchor bolts. However, the embedment depth of the constructed anchor bolts does often not reach the designed one and may lead to safety issues. The present study proposes an ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) method to verify the embedment depth of the anchor bolts installed on bridges in-service. The P-wave of 50&ndash, 100 kHz that is usually used in the NDT of concrete was transmitted from the head of the anchor bolt and its arrival time on the concrete cover was measured. The shortest arrival time of the ultrasonic pulse and the corresponding path were then analyzed to formulate their relationship and obtain the distance traveled by the ultrasonic pulse along the anchor by inverse analysis using the equation error estimation. The instability occurring in the inverse analysis is settled by regularization. Finally, the embedment depth of the anchor bolt can be estimated by the analysis of the graph plotting the position of the ultrasonic transmitter and the distance traveled by the pulse along the anchor. The proposed method is validated numerically and experimentally. The method is expected to contribute to the NDT of civil structures by making it possible to estimate the embedment depth of anchor bolts by the means of ultrasonic transducers using P-waves of 50&ndash, 100 kHz.

PURPOSE: The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) and the status of M. bovis BCG vaccination may affect host immune responses to M. tb antigens. Understanding of the predominant local M. tb strain and immune signatures induced by its strain-specific antigens may contribute to an improved diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to determine immune responses to M. tb antigen which was identified from the hyper-virulent Beijing/K strain in South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pulmonary TB patients (n=52) and healthy subjects (n=92) including individuals with latent TB infection (n=31) were recruited, and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube tests were performed. The Beijing/K-antigen specific immune signatures were examined by diluted whole blood assays and multiplex bead arrays in a setting where nationwide BCG vaccination is employed. RESULTS: Statistical analyses demonstrated that three [C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL10), interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-?] of 17 cytokines/chemokines distinguished active cases from healthy controls following stimulation with the Beijing/K-specific antigen. IFN-? also differentiated between active diseases and latent TB infection (p

An Electronic Nose (F-Nose). capable of recognizing various odors and flavors, will add essential functions to Al robots [1], which traditional physical sensors such as cameras cannot provide. To date, a miniaturized E-Nose, as a chemical sensor, that is capable of sensing multiple gases below ppm-level, still remains a challenge. As a miniaturized but highly sensitive gas sensor platform, chemically coated resonators such as beam resonator [2], Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) [4], and Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator (FBAR) [5] or integrated metal nanosheets with catalytic reaction [3] have been reported so far. However, none of them demonstrates 1 ppm sensitivity in response to a change in temperature (TEMP) and relative humidity (RH). This work advances the state-of-the-art by integrating a TEMP sensor, an RH sensor within a 4.0×3.7×1.0mm3 package allowing TEMP (15°C~ 35°C) and RH (30 ~ 70%RH) regulated sensing (ppm-level accuracy) of up to 4 different gases at once. With the help of dedicated AFE, chemically-tuned 2.5GHz Shear Horizontal (SH) SAW sensor responds to a 1 ppm Toluene gas within 200 seconds with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.02ppm.

Additional file 1. Table 1. Risk factors for the development of stomach cancer. Table 2. Risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer. Table 3. Risk factors for the development of liver cancer. Table 4. Risk factors for the development of esophageal cancer. Table 5. Risk factors for the development of bladder cancer.