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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a broad spectrum of liver damage, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis; as well, there is a close association between NAFLD, obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a certain degree of uncertainty regarding the natural history and prognosis of NAFLD; however, several methods are currently used for its diagnostic approach. In the first instance, non-invasive tests could be used to identify patients at low risk of developing fibrosis and to establish more easily the need for a liver biopsy, whose accuracy in the evaluation of fibrosis has been questioned, mainly due to errors of intra and interobserver sampling, technical problems and cost, which limits its use. Therefore, it is essential to determine the diagnostic strategy for patients with NAFLD.

The Neotropics are among the least explored regions from a mycological perspective. A few recent molecular studies in South America have shown high fungal diversity as well as numerous groups of mostly undescribed taxa. Through soil metabarcoding analysis we compared richness and species composition among macrofungal communities, belonging to Agaricales, Russulales, Boletales and Phallomycetidae groups, in three elevational forests types in the subtropical Yungas of Northwestern Argentina (Piedmont forest; Montane forest, Montane cloud forest). The aims of this study were to assess richness of taxonomic and functional groups along the elevation gradient and to assess the relationships between environmental variables and species composition in the studied fungal communities. The results have shown rich Agaricomycetes communities, diversely structured among forests habitats. The elevation gradient differentially affected the richness and distribution of Agaricales, Russulales, Boletales and Phallomycetidae. Based on fungal trophic modes and guilds, the gradient also affected the ectomycorrhizal taxa distribution. When considering the basidiomata growth forms (agaricoid, boletoid, gasteroid, etc.), only the secotioid type showed significant elevational differences. Additional analyses indicated that saprotrophic nutritional mode was dominant along the entire gradient, being partially replaced by biotrophic modes at higher elevations. Fungal communities in the Montane cloud forests are most dissimilar when compared with communities at the Piedmont forest and Montane forest, which is consistent with the different biogeographic origins of these forests. DNA metabarcoding sequence analysis provided detailed information on the diversity and taxonomic and functional composition of macrofungal communities. Fil: Nouhra, Eduardo Ramon. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Soteras, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Pastor, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Geml, József. Leiden University; Países Bajos

Introducción El síndrome de dolor miofascial, causado por los puntos gatillo miofasciales, representa una de las causas más frecuentes de dolor musculesquelético y que además cursa con una prevalencia muy elevada, lo que supone un problema de salud pública. Objetivo Analizar y contrastar la evidencia actual a través de una revisión bibliográfica la efectividad de la punción seca de los puntos gatillo miofasciales en el síndrome de dolor miofascial. Material y método Se llevo a cabo una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos de la salud: Pubmed, Cochrane y Pedro, entre diciembre de 2019 y enero de 2020 utilizando las palabras clave seleccionadas y aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados Los 10 artículos revisados comparan el tratamiento con punción seca de los puntos gatillo miofasciales con otras técnicas, donde en algunos se obtienen resultados favorables a la punción seca mientras que otros no consiguen mostrar diferencias significantes entre ellas. Conclusión La punción seca de los puntos gatillo miofasciales muestra ser eficaz en el tratamiento del síndrome del dolor miofascial a corto y medio plazo.

El presente ensayo investigativo tiene como objetivo comprender cómo la música estimula el aprendizaje del estudiante en sus estudios académicos. El paradigma de investigación aplicado en este ensayo investigativo es cualitativo. Para la construcción de antecedentes se realizó búsqueda y análisis de estudios científicos, tesis doctorales, revistas científicas de los últimos cinco años acerca de la importancia de la música como método de aprendizaje de los estudiantes dentro del aula. La música estimula el cerebro de diferentes maneras, los resultados arrojados dan como recomendación implementar la música dentro del aula de clase, estas actividades cumplen la misma función de aprendizaje-enseñanza en educación infantil como en la educación adulta. Se concluye que la inteligencia musical es una variable a tomar en cuenta para el éxito académico y que el uso de la música en las aulas de clase y en los espacios comunes no debe ser restringido, ya que esto ayuda al desarrollo de habilidades asociadas, como el lenguaje, la activación motora, los procesos meta-cognitivos y de memoria. This research essay aims to understand how music stimulates student learning in their academic studies. The applied research paradigm in this research essay is qualitative. For the construction of antecedents, it was made search and analysis of scientific studies, doctoral theses, and scientific magazines of the last five years about the importance of music as a method of learning of the students inside the classroom. Music stimulates the brain in different ways, the results give as a recommendation to implement music in the classroom, and these activities fulfill the same function of learning teaching in early childhood education as in adult education. Concluded that musical intelligence is a variable to be take into account for academic success and that the use of music in classrooms and common spaces should not be restricted, as this helps the development of associated skills, such as language, motor activation, meta-cognitive and memory processes.

Alnus acuminata is a keystone tree species in the Yungas forests and host to a wide range of fungal symbionts. While species distribution models (SDMs) are routinely used for plants and animals to study the effects of climate change on montane forest communities, employing SDMs in fungi has been hindered by the lack of data on their geographic distribution. The well-known host specificity and common biogeographic history of A. acuminata and associated ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi provide an exceptional opportunity to model the potential habitat for this symbiotic assemblage and to predict possible climate-driven changes in the future. We (1) modeled the present and future distributions of suitable habitats for A. acuminata; (2) characterized fungal communities in different altitudinal zones of the Yungas using DNA metabarcoding of soil and root samples; and (3) selected fungi that were significant indicators of Alnus. Fungal communities were strongly structured according to altitudinal forest types and the presence of Alnus. Fungal indicators of Alnus, particularly ECM and root endophytic fungi, were also detected in Alnus roots. Current and future (year 2050) habitat models developed for A. acuminata predict a 25?50 percent decrease in suitable area and an upslope shift of the suitable habitat by ca. 184?380 m, depending on the climate change scenario. Although A. acuminata is considered to be an effective disperser, recent studies suggest that Andean grasslands are remarkably resistant to forest invasion, and future range contraction for A. acuminata may be even more pronounced than predicted by our models. Fil: Wicaksono, Christian Y.. Leiden University; Países Bajos Fil: Aguirre Guiterrez, Jesús. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group; Países Bajos Fil: Nouhra, Eduardo Ramon. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Pastor, Nicolás Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Raes, Niels. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group; Países Bajos Fil: Pacheco, Silvia. Fundacion ProYungas; Argentina Fil: Geml, József. Leiden University. Faculty of Science; Países Bajos. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group; Países Bajos

Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. isolated from the roots of healthy tomato plants were screened for their antagonistic activities against Sclerotium rolfsii, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium solani, three phytopathogenic fungi of tomato and pepper. They were tested for phosphate solubilization ability and production of siderophores, hydrolytic enzymes, indole 3-acetic acid and hydrogen cyanid. The isolates were also characterized based on biochemical (API 20NE test) and genotypic (ERIC-PCR fingerprinting) features. A Pseudomonas sp. strain denoted PCI2 was chosen as a potential candidate for controlling tomato damping-off caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. PCI2 was identified at the genus level with a 16S rDNA partial sequence analysis and its phylogenetic relationship with previously characterized Pseudomonas species was determined. PCI2 clustered with the P. putida species. Growth chamber studies resulted in statistically significant increases in plant stand (29%) as well as in root dry weight (58%). PCI2 was able to establish itself and survive in tomato rhizosphere after 40 days, following planting of bacterized seeds. PCI2 is a potential biological control agent that may contribute to the protection of tomato plants against damping-off caused by S. rolfsii. Fil: Pastor, Nicolás Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Reynoso, Maria Marta. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Tonelli, Maria Laura. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Masciarelli, Oscar Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Rosas, Susana Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Rovera, Marisa. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina