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With increasing crime rates such as child kidnapping, child trafficking, child abuse, and so on, the need for an advanced smart security system has become a necessity. With this motivation, a self-alerting “child monitoring system using IOT” is developed to aid parents to monitor and track their children in real time as an alternative to staying beside them. This system is intended as an everyday wearable device for the child, in the form of a wristband, hand glove, armband, or belt. The system is designed to continuously monitor the location and body vitals of children. This electronic system comprises a Nodemcu esp8266 controller and sensors to detect changes in parameters such as temperature, humidity, and pulse rate. The system also uses a GSM and GPS module. The location of the victim is traced using the GPS module and is sent to the registered contact numbers as a text message using a GSM module.

With increase in population we have an increase in the garbage around urban areas. Here we propose a smart dustbin that operates automatically to help solve this issue using IOT and sensor based circuitry. Usual dustbins require to be opened by pressing foot against its lever and then throwing garbage. Also a person needs to keep track when it is full so that it can be emptied and does not overflow. Here we propose a smart dustbin that does all this by itself. Our system consists of a sensor in order to detect human clap signal and on a clap of foot tap it opens automatically without anyone needing to press its lever. The dustbin opens automatically when it receives the signal and closes its hatch. Also the dustbin consists of a level sensing ultrasonic sensor that constantly measures the level of garbage in the bin and automatically detects if it is about to fill up. The dustbin now consists of a smart circuitry that transmits this information over the web to signal the main garbage collector of the facility to empty the particular garbage bin. We use IOT to develop the online web part for the IOT system. This bin is of a vast usage in offices, homes and even in public places for garbage management. Thus, we get a fully automated smart dustbin that allows for automated garbage cleaning. This makes them well aware of the existing garbage level and instigate them whenever the bins reach the threshold level. They are sent with alert messages so that they can collect the garbage on time without littering the surrounding area. The fill patterns of specific containers can be identified by historical data and managed accordingly in the long term. In addition to hardware solutions, mobile applications are used to overcome the challenges in the regular waste management system, such as keeping track of the drivers while they are operating on the field. Thus, smart waste management provides us with the most optimal way of managing the waste in an efficient manner using technology.

Toxicity testing is critical in the evaluation of novel medications before they are used on humans. The goal of toxicity testing is to identify any potential hazardous consequences that a test chemical may have, not merely to determine how safe it is. The main goals of toxicity testing are to determine how test compounds affect lab animals and whether they have any direct hazardous effects on humans. Secondly, high doses of test substances are given to lab animals in order to assess any potential risks to humans who receive much lower levels. The current review aims to highlight the importance of toxicity testing. Toxicity testing is of the following types: Acute toxicity studies, sub-acute toxicity studies, and chronic toxicity studies are the three different categories of toxicity testing. A variety of tests were used in animal species for toxicity testing, including long-term drug administration, regular monitoring of physiological and biochemical abnormalities, and a thorough post-mortem examination at the conclusion of the trial to look for obvious or histological abnormalities. Because animals are useful for studying a functioning organism as a whole, their employment in toxicity testing is most likely to continue for the foreseeable future.

Background: Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is one of the most common methods to obtain safety data. Lack of awareness is a major reason for under reporting. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the postgraduates about pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bengaluru, a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among postgraduate students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India to evaluate the participants’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on ADRs and Pharmacovigilance. A pre-designed and validated question¬naire containing 14 questions was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice. The filled KAP questionnaires were analyzed and their percentage value was calculated by using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Results: A total of 120 postgraduate students participated in the study. Around 81% of participants agreed that reporting of ADRs is a professional obligation and all ADRs should be reported. They did not have adequate knowledge regarding the purpose of monitoring ADRs and 22.5% of study participants were unclear as to where and how to report ADRs. Unfortunately, only 12.5% of participants actually reported ADRs due to lack of proper sensitization and knowledge of pharmacovigilance and ADR. Conclusion: This study revealed that the postgraduate students have a good attitude towards ADR reporting. However, they lack knowledge and the actual practice of ADR reporting is still lacking among them. There is a need to create awareness among the health care professionals about ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance. Educational interventions targeting the medical fraternity should be implemented to help improve spontaneous reporting and knowledge of pharmacovigilance and ADR.

A novel coronavirus is a coronavirus strain that hasn't been seen before. Coronavirus infection 2019 refers to a sickness caused by a single coronavirus. Wuhan, China, was the first discovery site. (COVID-19). The COVID-19 virus could be a one-of-a-kind virus related to respiratory disorders and various common colds. Direct contact with an inflamed person's respiratory droplets (which can be formed by coughing and sneezing) and contacting virus-infested surfaces are also ways for the virus to spread. The COVID-19 virus can survive for hours on end on surfaces. COVID-19, together with different viral illnesses, is related to numerous physiological modifications that may be monitored the usage of wearable sensors. Many metrics derived from coronary heart rhythm, together with coronary heart price (HR), coronary heart price variability (HRV), resting coronary heart price (RHR), and breathing price (RR), should function ability markers of COVID-19 infection. Additionally, modifications in electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms should incorporate records indicative of an infection. Many wearables track more difficult metrics, including stress, recovery, exercise, and sleep, which are often calculated using a combination of cardiac and accelerometer data. Because of the high prevalence of fever and metabolism symptoms in COVID-19, core temperature and blood vessel O saturation (SpO2) are critical. In addition to chest radiography and computed tomography machines, there are also deep learning detection methods and portable devices. Remote monitoring of COVID-19 and non-COVID patients using wearable sensors, IoT, and telemedicine to assess their condition and reduce the risk of cross-infection.

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Labour Care Guide (LCG) is a paper-based labour monitoring tool designed to facilitate the implementation of WHO’s latest guidelines for effective, respectful care during labour and childbirth. Implementing the LCG into routine intrapartum care requires a strategy that improves healthcare provider practices during labour and childbirth. Such a strategy might optimize the use of Caesarean section (CS), along with potential benefits on the use of other obstetric interventions, maternal and perinatal health outcomes, and women’s experience of care. However, the effects of a strategy to implement the LCG have not been evaluated in a randomised trial. This study aims to: (1) develop and optimise a strategy for implementing the LCG (formative phase); and (2) To evaluate the implementation of the LCG strategy compared with usual care (trial phase). Methods In the formative phase, we will co-design the LCG strategy with key stakeholders informed by facility assessments and provider surveys, which will be field tested in one hospital. The LCG strategy includes a LCG training program, ongoing supportive supervision from senior clinical staff, and audit and feedback using the Robson Classification. We will then conduct a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized pilot trial in four public hospitals in India, to evaluate the effect of the LCG strategy intervention compared to usual care (simplified WHO partograph). The primary outcome is the CS rate in nulliparous women with singleton, term, cephalic pregnancies in spontaneous labour (Robson Group 1). Secondary outcomes include clinical and process of care outcomes, as well as women’s experience of care outcomes. We will also conduct a process evaluation during the trial, using standardized facility assessments, in-depth interviews and surveys with providers, audits of completed LCGs, labour ward observations and document reviews. An economic evaluation will consider implementation costs and cost-effectiveness. Discussion Findings of this trial will guide clinicians, administrators and policymakers on how to effectively implement the LCG, and what (if any) effects the LCG strategy has on process of care, health and experience outcomes. The trial findings will inform the rollout of LCG internationally. Trial registration: CTRI/2021/01/030695 (Protocol version 1.4, 25 April 2022).

Additional file 1: Fig S1. Trial diagram showing number of women with a gestational age >20 weeks by hospital and steps. Table S1. Women characteristics, by study period. Table S2. Effect of the intervention on cesarean section and other maternal process of care and health outcomes. Table S3. Effect of the intervention on maternal and perinatal health outcomes. Table S4. Effect of the intervention on women’s experience outcomes. Table S5. Serious adverse events by period. Table S6. Serious adverse events by the relation to the WHO LCG study at the intervention period. Fig S2. Rates of maternal death, neonatal death, stillbirth and other SAE by hospital and month.

Some of the most potent antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are approximately rigid helical structures that bind with one side in contact with the ice surface at specific orientations. These AFPs take random orientations in solution; however, most orientations become sterically inaccessible as the AFP approaches the ice surface. The effect of these inaccessible orientations on the rate of adsorption of AFP to ice has never been explored. Here, we present a diffusion-controlled theory of adsorption kinetics that accounts for these orientational restrictions to predict a rate constant for adsorption (

Vegetables have a critical function in human health and nutritional security. Vegetables are considered an essential building block of any diet. Out of the leafy vegetables, Amaranthus is the most popular and salable vegetable consumed by people all over India. Seed processing experiment was undertaken in Amaranthus tricolor (CO 2) by using the sieves placed inside the mechanical seed shaker (Gyratory sieve shaker) to improve the quality of Amaranthus seeds. The seeds of Amaranthus were size graded with seed shaker attached with various sieve size of BSS 18 X18 (R), BSS 20 X 20 (R), BSS 22 X 22 (R) and BSP 22 X 22 (P). During processing, the machine could be adjusted for 2, 3, 4 and 5 minutes with an oscillating speed of 1440 rpm. The separated seeds were evaluated for seed quality characteristics such as seed germination percentage, shoot length, root length, dry matter production, 1000 seed weight and seed recovery percentage. The results revealed that the sieve size of BSS 22 X 22 (R=retained) mesh sieve had the better quality seeds with a maximum recovery of 67.41 g and when it is operated for a period of 5 minutes. The germination percentage was improved from 77 % to 95 % with 1000 seed weight of 73.21 mg, and the observed recovery was 56 per cent with the vigour index of 1145. Hence, BSS 22 X 22 retained mesh sieve with a duration of 5 minutes could be recommended as an optimum sieve size for grading Amaranthus seeds for improving the seed quality.

The incidence of thromboembolic diseases is high. It is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Anticoagulants are used for preventing or reducing blood clot formation and treatment of other related thrombotic disorders. Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) were developed more than 60 years ago. Warfarin is the most commonly used VKA. The drawbacks of vitamin K antagonists were that it requires frequent monitoring and dose adjustments, food and drug interactions, narrow therapeutic range, diet restrictions. For the past 15 years, various new drugs have been introduced to overcome the disadvantages of vitamin K antagonists. In 2008, a new group of anticoagulants were introduced. They are known as novel anticoagulants (NOAC) or direct oral anticoagulants. They include dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban. The major issue with NOAC is difficulty in monitoring the dose. A literature search was done on this topic. It is very important for the dentists to know the bleeding complications in patients under anticoagulant therapy. The dental treatment of patients who tend to have an increased risk of bleeding due to the use of anticoagulants and / or antiplatelet drugs raises a challenge in the daily practice of dental professionals. According to current evidence, there is no significant difference in postoperative bleeding between novel anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists. The risk of thromboembolic events on stopping the anticoagulants should be assessed. Local haemostatic measures are shown to suffice to control possible bleeding secondary to dental treatments. KEY WORDS Anticoagulants; Apixaban; Dabigatran; Dentistry; Edoxaban; Rivaroxaban.

Evolvulus alsinoides (Linn.) Linn. is referred as “brain tonic” in Asia and America owing to its activity on the central nervous system. The plant is also found to possess ample of medical activities has been extensively used as traditional medicine in various culture aspects. In the present investigation, the impact of altitude and season of harvest on the phytochemicals and biological activities of E.alsinoides (Linn.) Linn. has been studied. The root, stem and leaves of the plant collected from different altitudes in the Western Ghats of Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu during the month of July and December, 2016. The primary and secondary metabolites were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using standard protocols. Minitab 17 Statistical software package was used for Statistical analysis. The altitude and month of plant harvest has an impact on the accumulation of the primary and secondary metabolite in the root, stem and leaves. The leaf samples are found to possess significant antioxidant activities which is further validated by the cytotoxicity activity on SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma cell line with an IC50 of 119.783 ± 0.06 µg/ml. Isolation of individual molecules and its authentication on the biological activity could give prolific results.

The tobacco use epidemic is one of the greatest hazard to the current global health. India is the third largest producer of tobacco globally and providing employment to 38 million people through its tobacco industry. Tobacco is grown in major Indian states and majority goes into bidi manufacturing and is one of the major export crop. Tobacco use is a major cause of NCDs, which account for approximately 60% of deaths in India. The aggregate direct and indirect cost of diseases accountable to tobacco use was INR 1,044,816 million in 2011 posing a huge economic burden to the people. Between men and women, men bear a disproportionately higher burden of the total cost, which is around 90% of the total economic burden due to allcause mortality. 78% of the total costs arose due to smoked tobacco whereas 22% was due to smokeless tobacco-related diseases. The enormous economic burden and resulting losses to the nation could be prevented in wake of stronger tobacco control initiatives by the government and civil society organizations.

Intrinsically disordered proteins and unfolded proteins have fluctuating conformational ensembles that are fundamental to their biological function and impact protein folding, stability and misfolding. Despite the importance of protein dynamics and conformational sampling, time-dependent data types are not fully exploited when defining and refining disordered protein ensembles. Here we introduce a computational framework using an elastic network model and normal mode displacements to generate a dynamic disordered ensemble consistent with NMR-derived dynamics parameters, including transverse [Formula: see text] relaxation rates and Lipari-Szabo order parameters ([Formula: see text] values). We illustrate our approach using the unfolded state of the drkN SH3 domain to show that the dynamical ensembles give better agreement than a static ensemble for a wide range of experimental validation data including NMR chemical shifts, J-couplings, nuclear Overhauser effects, paramagnetic relaxation enhancements, residual dipolar couplings, hydrodynamic radii, single-molecule fluorescence Förster resonance energy transfer, and small-angle X-ray scattering.

A split hub set S in a graph G is a hub set such that the induced subgraph hV \ Si is disconnected. The split hub number of G, denoted by hs(G) is the minimum size of a split hub set in G. In this paper, the split hub number for several classes of graphs is computed and we investigate the relationship of hs(G) with other known parameters of G. Also the concept of non-split hub number is introduced and its exact values for some standard graphs are computed.

Fig. S1 and Fig. S2

Haemophilia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Introduction: Advances in genomic sequencing have facilitated the sequencing of genes associated with disorders of haemostasis. The identification of variants within genes and access to curated data incorporating structural, functional, evolutionary as well as phenotypic data has become increasingly important in order to ascribe pathogenicity. Aim: The European Association for Haemophilia and Allied Disorders (EAHAD) Coagulation Factor Variant Database Project aims to provide a single port of entry to a web-accessible resource for variants in genes involved in clinical bleeding disorders. Results: New databases have evolved from previously developed single gene variant coagulation database projects, incorporating new data, new analysis tools and a new common database architecture with new interfaces and filters. These new databases currently present information about the genotype, phenotype (laboratory and clinical) and structural and functional effects of variants described in the genes of factor (F) VII (F7), FVIII (F8), FIX (F9) and von Willebrand factor (VWF). Conclusion: The project has improved the quality and quantity of information available to the haemostasis research and clinical communities, thereby enabling accurate classification of disease severity in order to make assessments of likely pathogenicity.

Ice recrystallization inhibitors (IRI) are of critical importance in biology, cryopreservation of cells and organs, and frozen foods. Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are the most potent IRI. Their cost and cytotoxicity drive the design of synthetic flexible polymers that mimic their function. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is the most potent biomimetic found to date, although it is orders of magnitude less potent than AFGPs. A lack of molecular understanding of the factors that limit the IRI efficiency of PVA and other flexible ice-binding polymers hinders the design of more potent IRI. Here, we use molecular and numerical simulations to elucidate how the degree of polymerization (DP) and functionalization of PVA impact its IRI. Our simulations indicate that the onset of IRI activity of PVA occurs for 15 < DP < 20, in agreement with experiments. We predict that polymers with stronger binding to ice per monomer attain IRI activity at lower DP and identify this as a contributor to the higher IRI potency of AFGPs. The simulations reveal that the limiting step for binding of flexible molecules to ice is not the alignment of the molecule to the surface or the initiation of the binding but the propagation to reach its full binding potential. This distinguishes AFGPs and PVA from rigid antifreeze proteins and, we argue, is responsible for their different scaling of efficiencies with molecular size. We use the analysis of PVA to identify the factors that control the IRI activity of flexible polymers and assess the molecular characteristics that endow AFGPs with their exceptional IRI potency.

The aims of this study were to characterize and investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of integrons in 161 Aeromonas spp. isolated from ornamental freshwater fish farming environment, apparently healthy and diseased fish. Phylogenetic analyses of the gyrB gene sequences identified Aeromonas veronii as the most abundant species (75.8%) followed by Aeromonashydrophila (9.3%), Aeromonas caviae (5%), Aeromonas jandaei (4.3%), Aeromonas dhakensis (3.7%), Aeromonas sobria (0.6%), Aeromonas media (0.6%), and Aeromonas popoffii (0.6%). Susceptibility to thirteen antimicrobials was determined and antimicrobial resistance frequencies were: amoxicillin (92.5%), enrofloxacin (67.1%), nalidixic acid (63.4%), erythromycin (26.1%), tetracycline (23.6%), imipenem (18%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (16.8%), and gentamicin (16.8%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was widespread among the isolates (51.6%, 83/161) with 51.6% (63/122) A. veronii isolates being MDR. In addition, 68.3% of isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexes higher than 0.2, suggesting that they originated from a high-risk source of contamination where antimicrobials are often used. In all, 21.7% isolates carried class 1 integrons, with 97.1% having gene cassettes, while there were 12 isolates carrying class 2 integron gene cassettes. Our findings highlight that the aquatic environment and ornamental fish act as reservoirs of multidrug resistant Aeromonas spp. and underline the need for a judicious use of antimicrobials and timely surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture.

The adsorption of large rod-like molecules or crystallites on a flat crystal face, similar to Buffon’s needle, requires the rods to “land,” with their binding sites in precise orientational alignment with matching sites on the surface. An example is provided by long, helical antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which bind at specific facets and orientations on the ice surface. The alignment constraint for adsorption, in combination with the loss in orientational freedom as the molecule diffuses toward the surface, results in an entropic barrier that hinders the adsorption. Prior kinetic models do not factor in the complete geometry of the molecule, nor explicitly enforce orientational constraints for adsorption. Here, we develop a diffusion-controlled adsorption theory for AFP molecules binding at specific orientations to flat ice surfaces. We formulate the diffusion equation with relevant boundary conditions and present analytical solutions to the attachment rate constant. The resulting rate constant is a function of the length and aspect ratio of the AFP, the distance threshold associated with binding, and solvent conditions such as temperature and viscosity. These results and methods of calculation may also be useful for predicting the kinetics of crystal growth through oriented attachment.

In today's world, women's safety is a common concern, and it is everyone's duty to address it. This paper describes a “GPS and GSM Circuit based lady's security framework with an alarm and a shock generating device,” as well as a “GPS and GSM Circuit based ladies security framework with an alarm and a shock generating system.” This offers a collection of GPS devices that are primarily used to monitor the location [1]. Aside from that, the device will send out warnings, electric shocks, and crisis capture triggers. The main goal of this paper is to show a device that is so conservative that it provides a desirable disguised role. The main feature of this platform is that it does not include the use of a smart phone, which sets it apart from other applications currently available. The device is easy to use and blends in with the proposed apparatus. The device is resistant to all weather conditions and can examine any possibility of assisting the trick in every kind of emergency [3].

Vehicles had become a part of our lives and their use has risen up to the sky in few years. The fuel combustion engines are now being replaced with electric motors that use batteries for propulsion. These vehicles have brought major advantages than the fuel driven vehicles to the environment and also the human race. The main idea of our project is to bring a power source that uses wind energy to recharge the battery in the vehicle. This can be done using a wind turbine mounted on the same vehicle's framework to minimize weight and not disturb the torque. The circuit used for charging the batteries grab the voltage from the rotating wind turbine. To prevent effects in discharge, this circuit is capable of recharging the batteries one by one. This recharging system can recharge the vehicle's batteries once they fall below the threshold level and keep us on the run instead of searching for a recharging station around us.

The eye is a vital part of our body. It consists of several layers like sclera, retina, tunica, and iris. Among these several layers, Iris plays a vital role in human visionary. There are various infections which affect the Iris functioning. The sign, symptoms, and diagnosis of this is still a challenge for doctors. To overcome this many techniques and technologies have been introduced. But still, the existing system has several drawbacks in recognition like a huge amount of dataset, classification, extraction, etc. To overcome this we propose a system where Deep Neural Network plays a major part. It classifies the iris disease in our eyes in a more clear and precise manner. In additional to Deep Neural Network several other algorithms have been used like Stationary Wavelet Transform, for image selection and recognition, Local Binary Pattern, for Feature extraction and at a final stage Deep Neural Network for classification of Iris images.

Clathrate hydrates can spontaneously form under typical conditions found in oil and gas pipelines. The agglomeration of clathrates into large solid masses plugs the pipelines, posing adverse safety, economic, and environmental threats. Surfactants are customarily used to prevent the aggregation of clathrate particles and their coalescence with water droplets. It is generally assumed that a large contact angle between the surfactant-covered clathrate and water is a key predictor of the antiagglomerant performance of the surfactant. Here we use molecular dynamic simulations to investigate the structure and dynamics of surfactant films at the clathrate–oil interface, and their impact on the contact angle and coalescence between water droplets and hydrate particles. In agreement with the experiments, the simulations predict that surfactant-covered clathrate–oil interfaces are oil wet but super-hydrophobic to water. Although the water contact angle determines the driving force for coalescence, we find that a large contact angle is not sufficient to predict good antiagglomerant performance of a surfactant. We conclude that the length of the surfactant molecules, the density of the interfacial film, and the strength of binding of its molecules to the clathrate surface are the main factors in preventing the coalescence and agglomeration of clathrate particles with water droplets in oil. Our analysis provides a molecular foundation to guide the molecular design of effective clathrate antiagglomerants., Molecular simulations are used to elucidate the role of surfactant films on preventing the coalescence of clathrate hydrates and to propose principles for the design of effective antiagglomerants.

Kinase enzymes phosphorylate protein substrates in a highly ordered manner to control cell signaling. Unregulated kinase activity is associated with a variety of disease states, most notably cancer, making the characterization of kinase activity in cellulo critical to understand disease formation. However, the paucity of available tools has prevented a full mapping of the substrates and interacting proteins of kinases involved in cellular function. Recently we developed kinase-catalyzed crosslinking to covalently connect substrate and kinase in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Here, we report a new method combining kinase-catalyzed crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (K-CLIP) to identify kinase-substrate pairs and kinase-associated proteins. K-CLIP was applied to the substrate p53, which is robustly phosphorylated. Both known and unknown kinases of p53 were isolated from cell lysates using K-CLIP. In follow-up validation studies, MRCKbeta was identified as a new p53 kinase. Beyond kinases, a variety of p53 and kinase-associated proteins were also identified using K-CLIP, which provided a snapshot of cellular interactions. The K-CLIP method represents an immediately useful chemical tool to identify kinase-substrate pairs and multi-proteins complexes in cells, which will embolden cell signaling research and enhance our understanding of kinase activity in normal and disease states.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and pattern of self-medication and the various socio-demographic factors that influence self-medication in elderly patients and also assess the impact of education intervention on self-medication knowledge, attitude in elderly patients. Methodology: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on Bangalore area such as Bellandur, Carmelaram, Kaikondrahalli and Naganahalli over the period of 6months in 320 subjects. The demographic, clinical and social data were collected into specially designed case report form. The assessment of self-medication was carried out using modified structured questionnaire11 on the day zero and 30. The patient education intervention was carried out on the day zero. The patient education intervention about self-medication was carried out verbally as well as by providing patient education information leaflets. Whenever they practiced self-medication they were asked to mark in the calendar and the data was analyzed. Results: The data on assessment of self-medication in elderly were collected from 320 study participants, a significant correlation was observed for elderly aged above 65 years aged above. Moderate correlation for economic status, education and occupation were found. Significant correlation was observed with medical history of the patient. Fever 66.25%, headache 54.68%, cough and cold 38.43%, were the most common illness where self-medication being used. Anti pyretic 58.5%, anti- histamine 34.68%, anti-diabetic 19.68% were most commonly used self-medicating drugs. Pharmacist 79.30%, self-decision 30.93% and care takers 25% were the most common source for information about self-medication. Time saving 68.75%, no need to visit doctor for minor illness61.25 %, previous use of medication 55.93% and economic 53.43% were the major reason for self-medication. Conclusion: The results indicate that self-medication is widespread among elderly and 100% of elderly from the study population practiced self-medication without consulting the physician. The various factors like reason, indication and source associated with self-medication were analyzed during the study. A significant association between knowledge and attitude among the study population was drawn from the pre and post studies. The intervention will require better patient education of the public and health professionals to avoid the irrational use of drugs.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome also known as SIDS, is the leading cause of mortality in infants from a month to a year of age. Today's lifestyle is fast-paced. Most of the working parents find a bit of difficulty to manage their work along with their child. So, they leave their baby to the grand-parents of the child. Due to SIDS, the infants have abnormal breathing, body temperature and digestion. In recent years, they use an 'Eulerian magnification' technique to detect the motion of the child. In that, they use a light camera to detect the action of the child and generate an alarm in the cradle. So, we proposed a method to detect the action of the child. We use a motion sensor to detect the motion of the child. During infant's sleep their chest movement due to respiration is detected. When the SIDS occurs, infants would stop breathing. So, the sensor doesn't detect any motion. It immediately sends an SMS to the working parents and generates an alarm in the cradle. Along with this, it also determines the availability of doctor in the nearby hospital or their family child specialist and sends the availability message to their parents and guardians mobile by using cloud algorithm. By this we can reduce the mortality of the child due to SIDS.

Introduction: Advances in genomic sequencing have facilitated the sequencing of genes associated with disorders of haemostasis. The identification of variants within genes, access to curated data incorporating structural, functional, evolutionary as well as phenotypic data has become increasingly important in order to ascribe pathogenicity. Aim: The European Association for Haemophilia and Allied Disorders (EAHAD) Coagulation Factor Variant Database Project aims to provide a single port of entry to a web accessible resource for variants in genes involved in clinical bleeding disorders. Results: New databases have evolved from previously developed single gene variant coagulation database projects, incorporating new data, new analysis tools and a new common database architecture with new interfaces and filters. These new databases currently present information about the genotype, phenotype (laboratory and clinical) and structural and functional effects of variants described in the genes of factor (F) VII (F7), FVIII (F8), FIX (F9) and von Willebrand factor (VWF). Conclusion: The project has improved the quality and quantity of information available to the haemostasis research and clinical communities, thereby enabling accurate classification of disease severity in order to make assessments of likely pathogenicity.

Hereditary blood coagulation factor VII (FVII) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder resulting from variants in the gene encoding FVII (F7). Integration of genetic variation with functional consequences on protein function is essential for the interpretation of the pathogenicity of novel variants. Here, we describe the integration of previous locus‐specific databases for F7 into a single curated database with enhanced features. The database provides access to in silico analyses that may be useful in the prediction of variant pathogenicity as well as cross‐species sequence alignments, structural information, and functional and clinical severity described for each variant, where appropriate. The variant data is shared with the F7 Leiden Open Variation Database. The updated database now includes 221 unique variants, representing gene variants identified in 728 individuals. Single nucleotide variants are the most common type (88%) with missense representing 74% of these variants. A number of variants are found with relatively high minor allele frequencies that are not pathogenic but contribute significantly to the likely pathogenicity of coinherited variants due to their effect on FVII plasma levels. This comprehensive collection of curated information significantly aids the assessment of pathogenicity.

d products. This study evaluates functional properties of an ectomycorrhizal wildmushroom Amanita sp. occurring in the lateritic scrub jungles of southwestern India. Based onthe ethnic knowledge, immature cooked fruit bodies of this mushroom are edible. Standardprotocols were followed to evaluate functional properties of uncooked and cooked immaturefruit bodies (pH-dependent protein solubility; least gelation concentration; water- and oilabsorptioncapacities; emulsion and foam properties). The protein solubility was significantlyhigher in uncooked against cooked samples (pH 2-8, pgelation concentration (14%). There was no significant difference between uncooked and cookedsamples (p>0.05) despite water-absorption and oil-absorption capacities were higher in cookedsamples. The emulsion activity (pand foam stability (p>0.05) were higher in cooked than uncooked samples. The PrincipalComponent Analysis (PCA) between proximal and functional properties reveals that the crudeprotein, total lipids and crude fibre influenced the protein-solubility, emulsion stability and foamcapacity in uncooked samples. In cooked samples, the crude fibre and carbohydrates influencedall the functional properties studied except for protein solubility. It is assumed that thecomposition and proportion of proximal components influence the functional attributes ofAmanita sp. The properties like high emulsion activity, emulsion stability and foam capacity incooked mushroom will be useful in formulation of value-added foods or nutraceutical products.

The slow nucleation of clathrate hydrates is a central challenge for their use in the storage and transportation of natural gas. Molecules that strongly adsorb to the clathrate-water interface decrease the crystal-water surface tension, lowering the barrier for clathrate nucleation. Surfactants are widely used to promote the nucleation and growth of clathrate hydrates. It has been proposed that these amphiphilic molecules bind to the clathrate surface via hydrogen bonding. However, recent studies reveal that PVCap, an amphiphilic polymer, binds to clathrates through hydrophobic moieties. Here we use molecular dynamic simulations and theory to investigate the mode and strength of binding of surfactants to the clathrate-water interface and their effect on the nucleation rate. We find that the surfactants bind to the clathrate-water interface exclusively through their hydrophobic tails. The binding is strong, driven by the entropy of dehydration of the alkyl chain, as it penetrates empty cavities at the hydrate surface. The hydrophobic attraction of alkyl groups to the clathrate surface also results in strong adsorption of alkanes. We identify two regimes for the binding of surfactants as a function of their density at the hydrate surface, which we interpret to correspond to the two steps of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm observed in experiments. Our results indicate that hydrophobic attraction to the clathrate-water interface is key for the design of soluble additives that promote the nucleation of hydrates. We use the calculated adsorption coefficients to estimate the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) required to reach nucleation rates for methane hydrate consistent with those measured in experiments. To our knowledge, this study is the first to quantify the effect of surfactant concentration in the nucleation rate of clathrate hydrates.

Phosphorylation is a key post-translational modification in cell signaling, which is regulated by the equilibrium activities of kinases and phosphatases. The biological significance of many phosphorylation events remains poorly characterized due to the scarcity of tools to discover phosphatases substrates. In prior work, we established kinase-catalyzed biotinylation where kinases accept the γ-modified ATP analog, ATP-biotin, to label phosphoproteins. Here, we developed a novel method to study substrates of phosphatases using kinase-catalyzed biotinylation termed K-BIPS (Kinase-catalyzed Biotinylation to Identify Phosphatase Substrates). In a proof-of-concept experiment, K-BIPS was initially used to explore the substrates of phosphatases inhibited by okadaic acid. Many known phosphatase substrates were observed, confirming K-BIPS as a valid phosphatase substrate identification tool. Then, as a further application, K-BIPS was used to discover the substrates of the PP1-Gadd34 phosphatase complex in the context of unfolded protein response (UPR). In addition to the known substrate eIF2α, K-BIPS revealed several novel substrates, suggesting a more prominent role for the PP1-Gadd34 complex in UPR than previously appreciated. Overall, the two studies establish K-BIPS as a powerful tool to discover the cellular substrates of phosphatases.

The SnO 2 -Sb 2 O 4 (MMO) and SnO 2 -Sb 2 O 4 -WO 3 (MMO-WO 3 ) electrodes were prepared by electrodeposition followed by dip coating and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The electrochemical (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) degradation studies were carried out on trypan blue (TB) dye. These studies revealed that the characteristics and performance of MMO electrode improved significantly on nano-WO 3 modification. The oxygen evolution potential (OEP) increased from 2.07 V (vs Ag/AgCl) to 2.21 V and the accelerated service life increased by 1.7 times. 88 and 93% color removal was achieved on electrolysis for 240 min using MMO electrode; whereas, 100% color removal was achieved within 120 min by both EC and PEC using MMO-WO 3 . The percentage chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal achieved using MMO electrode by EC and PEC were only 60 and 63% respectively; whereas, it increased to 78 and 84% with MMO-WO 3 electrode. A probable pathway for TB degradation was proposed on the basis of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis and quantum chemical calculations were performed on TB molecule to corroborate the proposed degradation pathway.

Sixth Sense is a gesture based wearable computer interface system developed at MIT Media Lab by Steve Mann in 1994 and in 1997 head worn gestural interface was developed, and in 1998 neck worn version , was developed and further Pranav Mistry from MIT MEDIA LAB developed hardware and software for head worn and neck worn versions in the year of 2009. It connects the physical world with digital world around us .It consists of hardware components connected wirelessly to the computing peripherals. It uses enabling surfaces, walls and physical object as interface and it reduces the gap of line between physical and digital world. It help us to take right decision which improve our power of knowledge. Goal is to bring part of the physical world to digital world. Girubaa. G | Pavithra. M | Deepak. K "Sixth Sense Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18638.pdf

Recognition and binding of ice by proteins, crystals, and other surfaces is key for their control of the nucleation and growth of ice. Docking is the state-of-the-art computational method to identify ice-binding surfaces (IBS). However, docking methods require a priori knowledge of the ice plane to which the molecules bind and either neglect the competition of ice and water for the IBS or are computationally expensive. Here we present and validate a robust methodology for the identification of the IBS of molecules and crystals that is easy to implement and a hundred times computationally more efficient than the most advanced ice-docking approaches. The methodology is based on biased sampling with an order parameter that drives the formation of ice. We validate the method using all-atom and coarse-grained models of organic crystals and proteins. To our knowledge, this approach is the first to simultaneously identify the ice-binding surface as well as the plane of ice to which it binds, without the use of structure search algorithms. We show that biased simulations even identify surfaces that are too small or too weak to heterogeneously nucleate ice. The biasing simulations can be used to identify of IBS of antifreeze and ice nucleating proteins and to equilibrate ice seeds bound to an IBS for the calculation of heterogeneous ice nucleation rates using classical nucleation theory.

Cold acclimatized organisms produce antifreeze proteins that prevent ice growth and recrystallization at subfreezing conditions. Flatness and rigidity of the ice-binding sites of antifreeze proteins are considered key for their recognition of ice. However, the most potent synthetic ice recrystallization inhibitor (IRI) found to date is poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a fully flexible molecule. The ability to tune the architecture and functionalization of PVA makes it a promising candidate to replace antifreeze proteins in industrial applications ranging from cryopreservation of organs to deicing of turbine blades. However, an understanding of how does PVA recognize ice remains elusive, hampering the design of more effective IRIs. Here we use large-scale molecular simulations to elucidate the mechanism by which PVA recognizes ice. We find that the polymer selectively binds to the prismatic faces of ice through a cooperative zipper mechanism. The binding is driven by hydrogen bonding, facilitated by distance mat...