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Purpose Permanent tattoo marks used in radiation therapy remain for the duration of treatment and essentially for the rest of the patient's life. This study compared the initial positioning setup errors and body image perception between patients with ultraviolet (UV) and conventional dark ink tattoos. Methods and Materials Thirty-four patients from February 2018 to March 2019, who underwent radiation therapy (RT) to the breast or chest wall for ductal carcinoma in situ or breast cancer were prospectively recruited and randomized (1:1) to receive either conventional dark ink or UV ink tattoos. Each patient received the assigned tattoos during computed tomography (CT) simulation and initial treatment setup shifts were compared. A 9-item body-image survey was administered to all patients at 3 time points: CT simulation, last week of RT, and 6 weeks post-RT. Feedback from CT and treatment staff in terms of setup time and challenges were collated. Results The median age of the patient cohort was 46 years old. No statistically significant difference was observed between the mean setup errors for the conventional dark ink group (0.11 cm inferior, 0.01 cm left, 0.11 cm posterior) and UV ink group (0.01 cm superior, 0.01 cm right, 0.06 cm posterior; P = NS). Similar responses were observed in the body-image survey between the 2 groups across all time points (P = NS). The majority of the patients (dark ink 82.3% vs UV ink 88.2%) did not feel less sexually attractive as a result of the tattoo at 6 weeks post-RT. At 6 weeks post-RT, patients in both groups were satisfied with the appearance of the tattoo and did not feel cautious about their choice of clothes (82.4% vs 88.2%; P = NS). In addition, 88.6% of staff (n = 35) felt minimum effect of UV ink on the overall setup time, and 94.3% found no difficulty localizing the UV ink tattoos during patient positioning. Conclusions No difference in setup accuracy was found using UV ink tattoos, and it could be implemented clinically with minimal effect on the existing workflow. Patients expressed high satisfaction and self-confidence with the use of UV ink tattoos.

As the key intermediate phase of crystalline calcium carbonate biominerals, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) remains mysterious in its structures because of its long-range disorder and instability. We herein report the synthesis of ACC nanospheres in a water-deficient organic solvent system. The obtained ACC nanospheres are very stable under dry conditions. Cryo-TEM reveals that each nanospheres consists of smaller nanosized clusters. We further demonstrate that these clusters can precipitate on other substrates to form an ultrathin ACC coating, which should be an ACC cluster monolayer. The results demonstrate that the presence of small ACC clusters as the subunits of larger aggregates is inherent to ACC synthesized in water-alcohol system but not induced by polymer additives.

Influenza is an acute viral respiratory disease that can also cause gastroenteritis-like symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Immune dysfunction of adipose tissue is involved in the occurrence and prognosis of influenza viral pneumonia. In this study, we analyzed intestinal and adipose immune responses in mice infected with influenza virus and found that the impairment of intestinal and adipose immunity to influenza virus infection could be reversed by treatment with puerarin, a medicinal compound isolated from Pueraria lobata (called “gegen” in Chinese). We found that the lungs, small intestines (duodenum, ileum, jejunum) and large intestines (colon and rectum) of infected mice showed obvious inflammatory lesions, with significantly increased levels of virus, inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor-α), Toll-like receptors 3, 4, and 9, and integrin αvβ3 and α4, and a decreased level of secreted IgA compared to the normal control group (NC) (P < 0.05-0.001). Influenza virus infected mesenteric lymph nodes and adipose tissue, and adipokines (leptin, visfatin, “chemerin”, and adiponectin) of lung and mesenteric adipose tissue were dysregulated. Puerarin treatment reversed the impairment of the intestinal and adipose immune responses in mice infected with influenza virus. Our findings suggest that influenza virus can infect adipose tissue and lead to intestinal adipose immune dysfunction in normal-weight mice and that the impairment of the intestinal and adipose immune response to influenza virus infection can be reversed by puerarin treatment.

BackgroundAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiotherapy (RT) are the mainstay treatment for localized prostate cancer and recurrence after surgery. Cardiovascular (CV) toxicity of ADT is increasingly recognized, and the risk relates to pre-existing risk factors and ADT modalities. Despite ethnic differences in the prevalence of CV risk factors and variations of CV mortality, data on ADT-related cardiotoxicities in the Asian population remain inconclusive. Our registry-based study investigated ADT-related major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after primary or salvage RT.MethodsOur study combined two prospectively established registry databases from National Cancer Center Singapore and National Heart Center Singapore. The primary endpoint is time to first MACE after treatment. MACE is defined as myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, or cardiovascular death. Two types of propensity score adjustments, including ADT propensity score as a covariate in the multivariable regression model and propensity score weighting, were applied to balance baseline features and CV risk factors between RT alone and RT + ADT groups.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2019, 1940 patients received either RT alone (n = 494) or RT + ADT (n = 1446) were included. After a median follow-up of 10 years (RT) and 7.2 years (RT+ ADT), the cumulative incidence of MACE at 1, 3 and 9 years was 1.2, 5 and 16.2% in RT group, and 1.1, 5.2 and 17.6% in RT + ADT group, respectively. There were no differences in the incidence of MACE between 2 groups (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.78–1.30,p = 0.969). Pre-treatment CV risk factors were common (80%), and CV disease (15.9%) was the second leading cause of death after prostate cancer (21.1%). On univariate analysis, older age, Indians and Malays, pre-existing CV risk factors, and history of MACE were associated with higher MACE risk. After propensity score adjustments, there remained no significant differences in MACE risk between RT + ADT and RT group on multivariable analysis.ConclusionsIn our registry-based study, ADT is not associated with increased risk of major cardiovascular events among Southeast Asian men with prostate cancer after curative radiotherapy.

This technical evaluation aims to provide practice ‘how to’ guidelines for radiation therapists (RTs) when positioning a transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) probe during prostate radiotherapy. Recommendations and practical tips will be provided for the best practice in TPUS‐guided workflow to obtain optimal ultrasound images for accurate interpretation and registration of the prostate gland. This will assist the RTs in making consistent and accurate clinical decision in an ultrasound‐guided radiotherapy workflow for prostate treatment. The implementation process and the associated successes and challenges will also be described to assist institutions who may be investigating the potential of implementing this system., This technical note aims to provide practice guidelines for radiation therapists (RTs) when positioning a transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) probe during prostate radiotherapy. Recommendations and practical tips were provided for best practice in TPUS‐guided workflow to obtain optimal ultrasound images for accurate interpretation and registration of the prostate gland. This will assist the RTs in making consistent and accurate clinical decision in an ultrasound‐guided radiotherapy workflow for prostate treatment.

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate whether RapidPlan (RP) could generate clinically acceptable prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans.Methods:The in-house RP model was used to generate VMAT plans for 50 previously treated prostate cancer patients, with no additional optimisation being performed. The VMAT plans that were generated using the RP model were compared with the patients’ previous, manually optimised clinical plans (MP), none of which had been used for the development of the in-house RP prostate model. Differences between RP and MP in planning target volume (PTV) doses, organs at risk (OAR) sparing, monitor units (MU) and planning time required to produce treatment plans were analysed. Assessment of PTV doses was based on the conformation number (CN), homogeneity index (HI), D2%, D99% and the mean dose of the PTV. The OAR doses evaluated were the rectal V50 Gy, V65 Gy, V70 Gy and the mean dose, the bladder V65 Gy, V70 Gy and the mean dose, and the mean dose to both femurs.Results:D99% and mean dose of the PTV were lower for RP than for MP (p = 0·006 and p = 0·040, respectively).V50 Gy, V65 Gy and the mean dose to rectum were lower in RP than in MP (p < 0·001). V65 Gy, V70 Gy and the mean dose to bladder were lower in RP than in MP (p < 0·001). RP had enhanced the sparing of both femurs (p < 0·001) and significantly reduced the planning time to less than 5% of the time taken with MP. MU in RP was significantly higher than MP by an average of 52·5 MU (p < 0·001) and 46 out of the 50 RP plans were approved by the radiation oncologist.Conclusion:This study has demonstrated that VMAT plans generated using an in-house RP prostate model in a single optimisation for prostate patients were clinically acceptable with comparable or better plan quality compared to MP. RP can add value and improve treatment planning efficiency in a high-throughput radiotherapy department through reduced plan optimisation time while maintaining consistency in the plan quality.

Highlights • Development of site-specific advanced practice (SSAP) is well-supported. • SSAP would enhance professional development of radiation therapists. • Benefits include personalised service, enhanced workflow and reduced waiting time., Perception of the radiation oncologists (ROs) and radiation therapists (RTTs) on site-specific advanced practice (SSAP) roles for RTTs, the establishment of SSAP in radiotherapy and the possible implication on current services in Singapore were assessed. Opinions of ROs and RTTs on management support, driving forces, restraints and implication upon successful establishment of SSAP were obtained. Main findings include strong RO’s support for SSAP development and RTTs' requisition for fair opportunities on role development. Other potential benefits include RTTs' career advancement, job satisfaction and retention. Enhancement of inter-professional relationship, service quality and patient satisfaction is anticipated with greater communication and collaboration.

This paper presents a novel genetic algorithm for globally solving un-constraint optimization problem. In this algorithm, a new real coded crossover operator is proposed firstly. Furthermore, for improving the convergence speed and the searching ability of our algorithm, the good point set theory rather than random selection is used to generate the initial population, and the chaotic search operator is adopted in the best solution of the current iteration. The experimental results tested on numerical benchmark functions show that this algorithm has excellent solution quality and convergence characteristics, and performs better than some algorithms.

Geraniin is a polyphenolic compound first isolated from Geranium thunbergii. The major protease (Mpro), namely 3 C-like protease (3CLpro), of coronaviruses is considered an attractive drug target as it is essential for the processing and maturation of viral polyproteins. Thus, our primary goal is to explore the efficiency of geraniin on 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 using the computational biology strategy. In this work, we studied the anti-coronavirus effect of geraniin in vitro and its potential inhibitory mode against the 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2. We found that geraniin inhibited HCoV-OC43 coronavirus-infected cells during the attachment and penetration phases. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations exhibited that geraniin had a strong binding affinity and high stable binding to 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2. Geraniin showed a strong inhibitory activity on coronavirus and may be a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro.

Additional file 1: Table SA1. Baseline cardiovascular disease risk factor by treatment group. Table SA2. Baseline drug use and surgery/intervention for IHD by treatment group. Table SA3. Multivariable logistic regression of receiving RT + ADT treatment. Table SA4. Univariate and multivariable analysis of MACE after start of treatment with treatment propensity score included as a covariate. Table SA5. Univariate and multivariable analysis of MACE after start of treatment with treatment propensity score weighting. Table SA6. Cumulative Incidence Rate of Mortality by Causes. Table SA7. MACE by Type of Event.

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri is the main vector of the pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which is the causal agent of citrus Huanglongbing disease. Feeding by both ACP nymphs and adults on host plants allows them to obtain nutrition. Therefore, the nutritional content within the plant phloem is of much importance for the development and reproduction of ACP. The infection by pathogenic microbiomes may affect the amino acid contents of their host plants and then indirectly affect the biology of sap-feeding insects. In this study, we investigated the amino acid contents and their proportions in both CLas-infected and CLas-free citrus plants, ACP adults, and also in honeydew produced by ACP nymphs. Results showed that infection by CLas had a large impact on the amino acid species and proportion in all the tested target plants, ACP adults, and in the honeydew of ACP nymphs. The content of total amino acids in CLas-infected citrus was much higher than that of CLas-free citrus. However, CLas infection significantly reduced the proportion of essential amino acids (EAAs) in these plants. When feeding on CLas-infected citrus plants, ACP adults absorbed less total amino acids than those adults feeding on healthy plants, but the proportion of EAAs was significantly higher when they fed on CLas-infected citrus plants. The proportion of EAAs also significantly increased in the honeydew secreted by ACP nymphs that fed on CLas-infected citrus plants. However, EAA detection in the honeydew of ACP nymphs indicated that the utilization rate of EAAs by CLas positive ACP nymphs was reduced. Our study has revealed that CLas infection significantly affects the contents, proportion, and utilization efficiency of different amino acids in citrus plants, ACP adults, and nymphs, leading to a developmental pattern of ACP that is more conducive to CLas transmission.

This study aims to explore the role of four-dimensional (4D) transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) in the contouring of prostate gland with planning computed tomography (CT) images, in the absence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Five radiation oncologists (ROs) performed two rounds of prostate gland contouring (single-blinded) on CT-alone and CT/TPUS datasets obtained from 10 patients who underwent TPUS-guided external beam radiotherapy. Parameters include prostate volume, DICE similarity coefficient (DSC) and centroid position. Wilcoxon signed-rank test assessed the significance of inter-modality differences, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC ) reflected inter- and intra-observer reliability of parameters.Inter-modality analysis revealed high agreement (based on DSC and centroid position) of prostate gland contours between CT-alone and CT/TPUS. Statistical significant difference was observed in the superior-inferior direction of the prostate centroid position (p = 0.011). All modalities yielded excellent inter-observer reliability of delineated prostate volume with ICC0.9, mean DSC0.8 and centroid position: CT-alone (ICC = 1.000) and CT/TPUS (ICC = 0.999) left-right (L/R); CT-alone (ICC = 0.999) and CT/TPUS (ICC = 0.998) anterior-posterior (A/P); CT-alone (ICC = 0.999) and CT/TPUS (ICC = 1.000) superior-inferior (S/I). Similarly, all modalities yielded excellent intra-observer reliability of delineated prostate volume, ICC0.9 and mean DSC0.8. Lastly, intra-observer reliability was excellent on both imaging modalities for the prostate centroid position, ICC0.9.TPUS does not add significantly to the amount of anatomical information provided by CT images. However, TPUS can supplement planning CT to achieve a higher positional accuracy in the S/I direction if access to CT/MRI fusion is limited.

OBJECTIVE To report the long-term clinical outcomes of low-risk (LR) and intermediate-risk (IR) prostate cancer patients treated with low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Men with biopsy-proven low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer received EBRT and LDR-BT in an Asian academic center from 2000 to 2019 were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare biochemical failure-free survival (bFFS) and overall survival (OS) between LDR and EBRT in the low- and intermediate-risk cohorts. RESULTS 642 patients (521 EBRT and 121 LDR-BT) with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer were included for analysis. In the intermediate-risk group, 5- and 10-year bFFS was 96%, 89% and 86%, 61% for LDR-BT and EBRT, respectively. LDR-BT was associated with a statistically significant improvement of bFFS in the intermediate-risk cohort (HR 2.7, p = 0.02). In the low-risk cohort, no difference of bFFS was found between LDR-BT and EBRT (HR 1.9, p = 0.08). Hormone therapy was more common in EBRT than LDR-BT for intermediate-risk group (71% versus 44%, p

The recent emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a devastating pandemic with global concern. However, to date, there are no regimens to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 virus. There is an urgent need to identify novel leads with anti-viral properties that impede viral pathogenesis in the host system. Esculentoside A (EsA), a saponin isolated from the root of Phytolacca esculenta, is known to exhibit diverse pharmacological properties, especially anti-inflammatory activity. To our knowledge, SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter host cells. This is mediated through the proteins of SARS-CoV-2, especially the spike glycoprotein receptor binding domain. Thus, our primary goal is to prevent virus replication and binding to the host, which allows us to explore the efficiency of EsA on key surface drug target proteins using the computational biology paradigm approach. Here, the anti-coronavirus activity of EsA in vitro and its potential mode of inhibitory action on the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 were investigated. We found that EsA inhibited the HCoV-OC43 coronavirus during the attachment and penetration stage. Molecular docking results showed that EsA had a strong binding affinity with the spike glycoprotein from SARS-CoV-2. The results of the molecular dynamics simulation revealed that EsA had higher stable binding with the spike protein. These results demonstrated that Esculentoside A can act as a spike protein blocker to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. Considering the poor bioavailability and low toxicity of EsA, it is suitable as novel lead for the inhibitor against binding interactions of SARS-CoV-2 of S-protein and ACE2.

Background Influenza is an acute viral respiratory illness that causes high morbidity and mortality globally. Therapeutic actions are limited to vaccines and a few anti-viral drugs. Polygala (P.) japonica herba is rich in Polygalasaponin F (PSF, C53H86O23), used for acute bronchitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, amygdalitis, and respiratory tract infections treatment in China. Hypercytokinemia is often correlated with severe pneumonia caused by several influenza viruses. PSF was reported to have anti-inflammatory effects and its mechanism is associated with the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. The action of PSF to alleviate pulmonary inflammation caused by influenza A virus (IAV) infection requires careful assessment. In the present study, we evaluated the effect and mechanism of PSF on mice with pneumonia caused by influenza H1N1 (A/FM/1/47). Methods Mice were infected intranasally with fifteen 50% mouse lethal challenge doses (MLD50) of influenza virus. BALB/c mice were treated with PSF or oseltamivir (oral administration) for 2 h post-infection and received concomitant treatment for 5 days after infection. On day 6 post-infection, 10 mice per group were killed to collect related samples, measure body weight and lung wet weight, and detect the viral load, cytokine, prostaglandins, pathological changes, and cell pathway protein expression in the lungs. In addition, the survival experiments were carried out to investigate the survival of mice. The expression profile of cell pathway proteins was detected and analyzed using a broad pathway antibody array and confirmed the findings from the array by western blotting. Results Polygalasaponin F and oseltamivir can protect against influenza viral infection in mice. PSF and oseltamivir significantly relieved the signs and symptoms, reduced body weight loss, and improved the survival rate of H1N1-infected mice. Moreover, PSF efficiently decreased the level of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-4, interferon (IFN)-γ, thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lung tissues of mice infected with influenza virus (p

With the significant growth of the semiconductor industry, creating small devices with powerful processing ability and network capabilities are no longer a dream for engineers. Currently, Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the hottest topics in both industry and academia of wireless communication field. The idea of the Internet of Things (IoT) is to connect every day physical objects such as microwave, doors, lightings and so on. The technical concept of the IoT is to enables these different physical objects to sense information using sensors and sends this information to a server. Industrial IoT is to integrate various technologies to improve business services in different sectors. It implicitly indicates the behavior of machine-to-machine communications. Each of industrial IoT as service domains has its own communication requirements that are measured differently in both such as reliability, Quality of service (QoS), and privacy. According to the development of industrial automation, the industrial Internet of things (IoT) is widely used in smart factories to capture the data and manage the production. One of the most important components of industrial IoT is the wireless sensor network (WSN), which are easy to deploy and use in indoor industrial environments for a IoT of tasks, such as irrigation, machine condition monitoring, and environment monitoring. There are a IoT of works focusing on the WSN in industrial IoT. For example, in, a WSN-based hidden Markov model is proposed to estimate the occupancy in the building (also see other works [1], [2]). In this paper, the research focus on 3-D mobile robot tracking in 5G wireless communication combine to sensor network and mobile robot path planning. The mobile robot can move fast in the three-dimensional (3-D) indoor industrial environment for many tasks such as the monitoring of possible damages on industrial plants [3], data gathering and transmission from wireless communication [4], transportation [5].

Influenza is an acute viral respiratory disease, which can also cause gastroenteritis like symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Immune dysfunction of adipose tissue is involved in the occurrence and prognosis of influenza viral pneumonia. In this study, we analyzed the intestinal and adipose immune responses in mice contracted with influenza virus and found that the impairment of intestinal and adipose immunity response to influenza infection in mice can be restored by puerarin, which is isolated from Gegen (Chinese name).Here, we report that the lung, small intestines(duodenum, ileum, jejunum) and large intestines(colon and rectum) show obvious inflammatory lesions in mice following virus infection, with significantly increased levels of viral load, inflammatory cytokines[interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17,and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a],Toll 3, 4 and 9, integrin avb3 and a4, decreased sIgA level compared to that of NC group (Pinfluenza virus infection can infect adipose tissue and lead to intestinal adipose immune dysfunction in normal-weight mice. The impairment of intestinal and adipose immunity response to influenza infection in mice could be restored by puerarin.

A commercial deep learning (DL)-based automated segmentation tool (AST) for computed tomography (CT) is evaluated for accuracy and efficiency gain within prostate cancer patients. Thirty patients from six clinics were reviewed with manual- (MC), automated- (AC) and automated and edited (AEC) contouring methods. In the AEC group, created contours (prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder, rectum, femoral heads and penile bulb) were edited, whereas the MC group included empty datasets for MC. In one clinic, lymph node CTV delineations were evaluated for interobserver variability. Compared to MC, the mean time saved using the AST was 12 min for the whole data set (46%) and 12 min for the lymph node CTV (60%), respectively. The delineation consistency between MC and AEC groups according to the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) improved from 0.78 to 0.94 for the whole data set and from 0.76 to 0.91 for the lymph nodes. The mean DSCs between MC and AC for all six clinics were 0.82 for prostate, 0.72 for seminal vesicles, 0.93 for bladder, 0.84 for rectum, 0.69 for femoral heads and 0.51 for penile bulb. This study proves that using a general DL-based AST for CT images saves time and improves consistency.

Puerarin is a major isofiavone compound isolated from the root of Pueraria lobata. It was reported that puerarin had antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antitumor, cholesterol lowering, liver protective, and neuroprotective properties. However, few studies have explored the antiviral effect of puerarin and its target mechanism related to influenza virus. Here, the antiinfluenza activity of puerarin in vitro and in vivo and its mode of action on the potential inhibition of neuraminidase (NA) were investigated. Puerarin displayed an inhibitory effect on A/FM/1/1947(H1N1) (EC50 = 52.06 μM). An indirect immunofluorescence assay indicated that puerarin blocked the nuclear export of viral NP. The inhibition of NA activity confirmed that puerarin can block the release of newly formed virus particles from infected cells. Puerarin (100 and 200 mg/kg/d) exhibited effective antiviral activity in mice, conferring 50% and 70% protection from death against H1N1, reducing virus titers, and effectively alleviating inflammation in the lungs. The molecular docking results showed that puerarin had a strong binding affinity with NA from H1N1. The results of the molecular dynamics simulation revealed that puerarin had higher stable binding at the 150-loop region of the NA protein. These results demonstrated that puerarin acts as a NA blocker to inhibit influenza A virus both in cellular and animal models. Thus, puerarin has potential utility for the treatment of the influenza virus infection.

Highlights • An optimal bladder volume and filling protocol is proposed. • The current hydration protocol was well-accepted and tolerated., Background and purpose Inconsistent bladder and rectal volumes have been associated with motion uncertainties during prostate radiotherapy. This study investigates the impact of these volumes to determine the optimal bladder volume. Materials and methods 60 patients from two Asian hospitals were recruited prospectively. 1887 daily cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were analysed. Intra-fraction motion of the prostate was monitored real-time using a four-dimension transperineal ultrasound (4D TPUS) Clarity® system. The impact of planned bladder volume, adequacy of daily bladder filling, and rectum volume on mean intra-fraction motion of the prostate was analysed. Patients’ ability to comply with the full bladder hydration protocol and level of frustration was assessed using a questionaire. Acute side effects were assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0 and quality of life (QoL) assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Results The mean (SD) bladder and rectum volumes achieved during daily treatment were 139.7 cm3 (82.4 cm3) and 53.3 cm3 (18 cm3) respectively. Mean (SD) percentage change from planned CT volumes in bladder volume was reduced by 8.2% (48.7%) and rectum volume was increased by 12.4% (42.2%). Linear Mixed effect model analysis revealed a reduction in intra-fraction motion in both the Sup/Inf (p = 0.008) and Ant/Post (p = 0.0001) directions when the daily bladder was filled between 82 and 113% (3rd Quartiles) of the planned CT volumes. A reduction in intra-fraction motion of the prostate in the Ant/Post direction (z-plane) (p = 0.03) was observed when the planned bladder volume was greater than 200 ml. Patients complied well with the hydration protocol with minimal frustration (mean (SD) scores of 2.1 (1.4) and 1.8 (1.2) respectively). There was a moderate positive correlation (0.496) between mean bladder volume and IPSS reported post-treatment urinary straining (p = 0.001). Conclusions A planned bladder volume >200 cm3 and daily filling between 82 and 113%, reduced intra-fraction motion of the prostate. The hydration protocol was well tolerated.

Highlights • Investigates the magnitude of intra-fraction prostate motion using real time monitoring. • A motion-time trend analysis was presented. • A duration-dependent margin was recommended. • Larger margins are required around the prostate in the inferior and posterior directions., Background and purpose During radiotherapy, prostate motion changes over time. Quantifying and accounting for this motion is essential. This study aimed to assess intra-fraction prostate motion and derive duration-dependent planning margins for two treatment techniques. Material and methods A four-dimension (4D) transperineal ultrasound Clarity® system was used to track prostate motion. We analysed 1913 fractions from 60 patients undergoing volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to the prostate. The mean VMAT treatment duration was 3.4 min. Extended monitoring was conducted weekly to simulate motion during intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment (an additional seven minutes). A motion-time trend analysis was conducted and the mean intra-fraction motion between VMAT and IMRT treatments compared. Duration-dependent margins were calculated and anisotropic margins for VMAT and IMRT treatments were derived. Results There were statistically significant differences in the mean intra-fraction motion between VMAT and the simulated IMRT duration in the inferior (0.1 mm versus 0.3 mm) and posterior (−0.2 versus −0.4 mm) directions respectively (p ≪ 0.01). An intra-fraction motion trend inferiorly and posteriorly was observed. The recommended minimum anisotropic margins are 1.7 mm/2.7 mm (superior/inferior); 0.8 mm (left/right), 1.7 mm/2.9 mm (anterior/posterior) for VMAT treatments and 2.9 mm/4.3 mm (superior/inferior), 1.5 mm (left/right), 2.8 mm/4.8 mm (anterior/posterior) for IMRT treatments. Smaller anisotropic margins were required for VMAT compared to IMRT (differences ranging from 1.2 to 1.6 mm superiorly/inferiorly, 0.7 mm laterally and 1.1–1.9 mm anteriorly/posteriorly). Conclusions VMAT treatment is preferred over IMRT as prostate motion increases with time. Larger margins should be employed in the inferior and posterior directions for both treatment durations. Duration-dependent margins should be applied in the presence of prolonged imaging and verification time.

Background Influenza often leads to acute lung injury (ALI). Few therapeutics options such as vaccines and other antiviral drugs are available. Paeoniflorin is a monoterpene glucoside isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. that has showed good anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. However, it is not known whether paeoniflorin has an effect on influenza virus-induced ALI. Purpose To investigative the protective effect and potential mechanism of paeoniflorin on ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV). Study design and methods The anti-influenza activity of paeoniflorin in vitro was investigated. Influenza virus A/FM/1/47 was intranasally infected in mice to induce ALI, and paeoniflorin (50 and 100 mg/kg) was given orally to mice during 5 days, beginning 2 h after infection. On day 6 post-infection, body and lung weights, histology and survival were observed, and the lungs were examined for viral load, cytokine and cellular pathway protein expression. Results Results showed that paeoniflorin (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced IAV-induced ALI. It reduces pulmonary oedema and improves histopathological changes in the lung, and also diminishes the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lung. It was shown that paeoniflorin (50 and 100 mg/kg) alleviated IAV-induced ALI, as evidenced by improved survival in infected mice (40% and 50%, respectively), reduced viral titer in lung tissue, improved histological changes, and reduced lung inflammation. Paeoniflorin also improves pulmonary fibrosis by reducing the levels of pulmonary fibrotic markers (collagen type IV, alpha-smooth muscle actin, hyaluronic acid, laminin, and procollagen type III) and downregulating the expression levels of type I collagen (Col I) and type III collagen (Col III) in the lung tissues. Additionally, paeoniflorin inhibits the expression of αvβ3, TGF-β1, Smad2, NF-κB, and p38MAPK in the lung tissues. Conclusion The results showed that paeoniflorin (50 and 100 mg/kg) protected against IAV-induced ALI, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and lung collagen deposition through down-regulation of activation of αvβ3/TGF-β1 pathway in lung tissue.

Huanglongbing, commonly known as citrus greening, is a devastating disease of citrus worldwide. Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus is the putative cause of citrus greening disease in China and is spread through the process of plant grafting and feeding by insect vectors. Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) is a destructive pest due to insecticide resistance development and the main cause of dissemination of Huanglongbing. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of Huanglongbing present in Guangdong province and the acquisition of the pathogen by D. citri through feeding. Six different city areas of Guangdong province were sampled. The results demonstrated that Yunfu currently has the highest infestation rate of CLas in Guangdong province, followed by Chaozhou, Jiangmen, and Foshan. In comparison, Zhongshan and Maoming have the lowest infestation rates. Results also showed that CLas acquisition was directly proportional to the insect feeding duration. The longer an insect fed on an infested plant, the more CLas it acquired. The acquisition efficiency of the pathogen was higher at night compared to during the daytime. During the time period of 15:00–07:00 D. citri acquires more pathogens than during the period of 07:00–15:00. This study provides a basic understanding of the feeding pattern of D. citri, which aids in devising a management program for effective control of direct and indirect losses caused by D. citri.

Background Vaccination is the most efficient means for protection against influenza. However, the various vaccines have low efficacy to protect against pandemic strains because of antigenic drift and recombination of influenza virus. Adjuvant therapy is one of the attempts to improve influenza vaccine effective cross-protection against influenza virus infection. Our previous study confirmed that 1,8-cineole inhibits the NF-κB, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, and relieves the pathological changes of viral pneumonia in mice infected with influenza virus. Hypothesis/Purpose 1,8-cineole, administered via intranasal (i.n.) route, may also have the capacity to be an adjuvant of the influenza vaccine. This study was designed to investigate the potential use of i.n. co-administration of 1,8-cineole, a major component of the Eucalyptus essential oils, with influenza vaccine and whether could provide cross-protection against influenza virus infection in a mouse model. Study design I.n. co-administration of 1,8-cineole in two doses (6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg) with influenza vaccine was investigated in a mouse model in order to see whether it could provide cross-protection against influenza virus infection. Methods The mice were intranasally immunized three times at the 0, 7 and 14 day with vaccine containing 0.2 µg hemagglutinin (HA) and/or without 1,8-cineole. Seven days after the 3rd immunization dose, the mice were infected with 50 µl of 15 LD50 (50% mouse lethal dose) influenza virus A/FM/1/47 (H1N1). On day 6 post-infection, 10 mice per group were sacrificed to collect samples, to take the body weight and lung, and detect the viral load, pathological changes in the lungs and antibody, etc. The collected samples included blood serum and nasal lavage fluids. In addition, the survival experiments were carried out to investigate the survival of mice. Results Mice i.n. inoculated with influenza vaccine and 12.5 mg/kg 1,8-cineole increased the production of influenza-specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G2a antibodies, stimulated mucosal secretive IgA (s-IgA) responses at the nasal cavity, improved the expression of respiratory tract intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the upper respiratory tract, and promoted dendritic cell (DC) maturation and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules cluster of differentiation (CD)40, CD80 and CD86 in peripheral blood. Importantly, mice that had received 1,8-cineole-supplemented influenza vaccine showed longer survival time, milder inflammation, less weight loss and mortality rate and lower lung index and viral titers compared to that of mice immunized a non-1,8-cineole-adjuvanted split vaccine. Thus, i.n. immunization with 1,8-cineole-adjuvanted vaccine induces a superior cross-protective immunity against infection with influenza than an inactivated vaccine only. Conclusion These results suggest that 1,8-cineole (12.5 mg/kg) has a cross-protection against influenza virus, co-administered with inactivated influenza viral antigen in a mouse model.

Purpose Our purpose was to investigate interfraction setup error of the immobilization device required to implement transperineal ultrasound compared with the current, standard immobilization device. Patient comfort and radiation therapist (RT) satisfaction were also assessed. Methods and materials Cone beam computed tomography images were acquired before 4069 fractions from 111 patients (control group, n = 56; intervention group, n = 55) were analyzed. The intervention group was immobilized using the Clarity Immobilization System (CIS), comprising a knee rest with autoscan probe kit and transperineal ultrasound probe (n = 55), and control group using a leg immobilizer (LI) (n = 56). Interfraction setup errors were compared for both groups. Weekly questionnaires using a 10-point visual analog scale were administered to both patient groups to measure and compare patient comfort. RT acceptance for both devices was also compared using a survey. Results There was no significant difference in the magnitude of interfraction cone beam computed tomography–derived setup shifts in the lateral and anteroposterior direction between the LI and CIS ( P = .878 and .690, respectively). However, a significant difference ( P = .003) was observed in the superoinferior direction between the 2 groups of patients. Patient-reported level of comfort and stability demonstrated no significant difference between groups ( P = .994 and .132). RT user acceptance measures for the LI and CIS were ease of handling (100% vs 53.7%), storage (100% vs 61.1%), and cleaning of the devices (100% vs 64.8%), respectively. Conclusions The CIS demonstrated stability and reproducibility in prostate treatment setup comparable to LI. The CIS device had no impact on patient comfort; however, RTs indicated a preference for LI over the CIS mainly because of its weight and bulkiness.

Curcumin derivatives have been shown to inhibit replication of human influenza A viruses (IAVs). However, it is not clear whether curcumin and its derivatives can inhibit neuraminidase (NA) of influenza virus. In this study, a meaningful 3D quantitative structure–activity relationship model (comparative molecular field analysis R2 = 0.997, q2 = 0.527, s = 0.064, F = 282.663) was built to understand the chemical–biological interactions between their activities and neuraminidase. Molecular docking was used to predict binding models between curcumin derivatives and neuraminidase. Real-time polymerase chain reactions showed that the five active curcumin derivatives might have direct effects on viral particle infectivity in H1N1-infected lung epithelial (MDCK) cells. Neuraminidase activation assay showed that five active curcumin derivatives decreased H1N1-induced neuraminidase activation in MDCK cells. Indirect immunofluorescence assay indicated that two active curcumin derivatives (tetramethylcurcumin and curcumin) down-regulated the nucleoprotein expression. Curcumin inhibited IAV in vivo. The therapeutic mechanism of curcumin in the treatment of influenza viral pneumonia is related to improving the immune function of infected mice and regulating secretion of tumor necrosis-α, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ. These results indicate that curcumin derivatives inhibit IAV by blocking neuraminidase in the cellular model and curcumin also has anti-IAV activity in the animal model.

The magnitude of intra-fractional prostate displacement (change from initial position over time) is associated with the duration of the patient lying on the radiotherapy treatment couch. This study reports a minute-by-minute association and calculates the impact of this displacement on duration-dependent margins using real-time intra-fractional position data monitored by four-dimensional transperineal ultrasound (4D TPUS).A total of 55 patients were recruited prospectively. Intra-fractional position of the prostate was monitored in real-time using a 4D TPUS Clarity® system. A total of 1745 monitoring sessions were analysed. Van Herk's margin recipe (2.5∑ + 1.64((σThe mean intra-fractional position was 0.76 mm Inferior (Inf), 0 mm Lateral (Lat) and 0.94 mm Posterior (Post) at the 15th minute. A minimum margin expansion of 2.42 mm (Superior/Inf), 1.02 mm (Left/Right) and 2.65 mm (Anterior/Post) was required for an 8‑minute treatment compared to 4.29 mm (Sup/Inf), 1.84 mm (Lt/Rt) and 4.63 mm (Ant/Post) for a 15-minute treatment. The required margin expansion increased linearly (RWe report our experience in deriving the minimum duration-dependant margin to generate the required planning target volume for prostate radiotherapy. The required margin increases linearly in all directions within the 15-min duration; thus, the margin will depend on the duration of the technique chosen (IMRT/VMAT/3DCRT/proton).

X-ray differential phase contrast computed tomography imaging based on grating interferometer system can reconstruct not only the linear attenuation coefficient, but also the phase shift coefficient and the linear scattering coefficient of the object. In practical application, it is very difficult to make a large area grating, so the sample is often larger than the grating. When the sample is scanned with a grating smaller than the sample, the part of the sample beyond the field of view of the grating will cause the differential phase projection information to be truncated. In this paper, a method of reconstructing the region of interest for differential phase contrast computed tomography is proposed. The method is based on the approximate linear relation between the phase shift coefficient of the object and the linear attenuation coefficient (i.e. the decrement in the real part of the refractive index and the imaginary part of the refractive index), the phase shift coefficient of the region of interest is approximately reconstructed by the polynomial of Lambda function of the phase shift coefficient and Lambda inverse function of linear attenuation coefficient. In this paper, according to the Fresnel diffraction theory and differential phase grating phase step-by-step method of imaging a simulation experiment is performed. In the experiment, conducted is the approximate reconstruction by using the first order polynomial and quadratic polynomial of Lambda function of the phase shift coefficient and Lambda inverse function of linear attenuation coefficient. The sample size is five times of grating imaging field, and the results show that this method can approximately reconstruct the region of interest for the sample image. We also carry out the actual data experiment. The actual data are obtained by the Talbot grating interferometer system of Shanghai synchrotron radiation BL13W1 station, and the standard model and biological sample are imaged. The method of reconstructing the region of interest is proposed in this paper. This method can be applied to the multi-material samples with a similar relationship between the decrement in the real part of the refractive index and the decrement in the imaginary part of the refractive index, and also to single-material samples. The comparison between the numerical simulations and the actual experimental results verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Wireless Mesh network (WMN) are increasingly becoming popular as low cost alternatives to wired network for providing broadband access to users. A wireless mesh network (WMN) is a communication networks made up of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology. It is also a form of wireless network. Wireless mesh networks often consist of mesh clients, mesh routers and gateways. The mesh clients are often laptops, cell phones and other wireless devices while the mesh routers forward traffic to and from the gateways, which may, but need not, be connected, to the Internet. In this paper, we discuss different radio frequency range in wireless connected to Access Point (AP) and the project from Belarus – China great stone industry park in Mesh network. The China-Belarus industrial park is a territorial entity with the area of approximately 80 sq. km with a special legal status for the provision of comfortable conditions for business conducting. The Park is located in a unique natural complex 25 km far from Minsk, the capital of the Republic of Belarus. It is in close proximity to the international airport, railway lines, a transnational highway Berlin-Moscow. The result of analysis shows distribution of AP and covering services in great stone industry park. Mesh network provides robustness and load balancing in wireless networks communication.

In this paper, we consider a class of stochastic variational inequality problems (SVIPs). Different from the classical variational inequality problems, the SVIP contains a mathematical expectation, which may not be evaluated in an explicit form in general. We combine a hybrid Newton method for deterministic cases with an unconstrained optimization reformulation based on the well-known D-gap function and sample average approximation (SAA) techniques to present an SAA-based hybrid Newton method for solving the SVIP. We show that the level sets of the approximation D-gap function are bounded. Furthermore, we prove that the sequence generated by the hybrid Newton method converges to a solution of the SVIP under appropriate conditions, and some numerical experiments are presented to prove the effectiveness and competitiveness of the hybrid Newton method. Finally, we apply this method to solve two specific traffic equilibrium problems.

The choice of postpartum care methods has expanded with changes in population structure and social forms. In addition to the traditional provision of postpartum assistance by senior members of the parents&rsquo, family, recent years have also seen a rapid growth in care centers and postpartum home visiting services. Postpartum home visiting services combine the features and services of senior family members&rsquo, assistance and postpartum care centers. Therefore, special attention has been drawn to the postpartum care service experience. This study conducted a survey among mothers participating in the Postpartum Home Visiting Service Project of the Social Affairs Bureau of Kaohsiung City Government, Taiwan. The effective sample included 43 participants. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis was performed. The results indicated that the service experience model could comprehensively reflect the relation between consumer experience, experiential value, and experience satisfaction. With regard to practical implications, the results provide postpartum home visiting service providers with a better understanding of consumers&rsquo, feelings and, thus, put them in a better position to improve experience through appropriate service methods.

This thesis evaluates the capability of a four-dimensional transperineal ultrasound (4D TPUS) Clarity® system (Elekta AB Stockholm, Sweden) in providing real-time information of the prostate movement during radiation treatment delivery. The acquisition of real-time information can potentially be used to develop motion management strategies to address positional uncertainties of the prostate in order to reduce the incidence of normal tissue toxicities and improve tumour control. The adequacy of the planning margins employed will also be reviewed. This thesis will contribute to the field of radiation oncology that aims to improve the accuracy of treatment delivery.

A Mesh network simulation framework which provides a powerful and concise modeling chain for a network structure will be introduce in this report. Mesh networks has a special topologic structure. The paper investigates a message transfer in wireless mesh network simulation and how does it works in cellular network simulation. Finally the experimental result gave us the information that mesh networks have different principle in transmission way with cellular networks in transmission, and multi – hop routing could provide robustness and load balancing to communication in wireless mesh networks.

Background Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome contributes to adverse outcomes in advanced heart failure (AdHF) patients after mechanical circulatory support (MCS) implantation and is associated with aberrant leukocyte activity. We tested the hypothesis that preoperative peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression profiles (GEP) can predict early postoperative improvement or non-improvement in patients undergoing MCS implantation. We believe this information may be useful in developing prognostic biomarkers. Methods & design We conducted a study with 29 patients undergoing MCS-surgery in a tertiary academic medical center from 2012 to 2014. PBMC samples were collected one day before surgery (day -1). Clinical data was collected on day -1 and day 8 postoperatively. Patients were classified by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and Model of End-stage Liver Disease Except INR score (measured eight days after surgery): Group I = improving (both scores improved from day -1 to day 8, n = 17) and Group II = not improving (either one or both scores did not improve from day -1 to day 8, n = 12). RNA-sequencing was performed on purified mRNA and analyzed using Next Generation Sequencing Strand. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Mann-Whitney test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Preoperative DEGs were used to construct a support vector machine algorithm to predict Group I vs. Group II membership. Results Out of 28 MCS-surgery patients alive 8 days postoperatively, one-year survival was 88% in Group I and 27% in Group II. We identified 28 preoperative DEGs between Group I and II, with an average 93% prediction accuracy. Out of 105 DEGs identified preoperatively between year 1 survivors and non-survivors, 12 genes overlapped with the 28 predictive genes. Conclusions In AdHF patients following MCS implantation, preoperative PBMC-GEP predicts early changes in organ function scores and correlates with long-term outcomes. Therefore, gene expression lends itself to outcome prediction and warrants further studies in larger longitudinal cohorts.

With the rapid development of wireless technologies, the concept of the Fifth Generation (5G) wireless communication system started to emerge. But most people know little about 5G，including some aspects of 5G wireless communication networks, just like what 5G is about: what are the building blocks of core 5G system concept, what are the main challenges and how to tackle them. Besides. A number of countries and organizations working on 5G, 5G development situation in China is of concern to everyone, China also needs to have its own place in such a competitive environment.

This paper presents a global optimization algorithm for solving globally the generalized nonlinear multiplicative programming (MP) with a nonconvex constraint set. The algorithm uses a branch and bound scheme based on an equivalently reverse convex programming problem. As a result, in the computation procedure the main work is solving a series of linear programs that do not grow in size from iterations to iterations. Further several key strategies are proposed to enhance solution production, and some of them can be used to solve a general reverse convex programming problem. Numerical results show that the computational efficiency is improved obviously by using these strategies.

The ferroelectric domain’s structure and its evolution processes induced by DC electric field in 0.92Pb（Zn1/3Nb2/3）O3-0.08PbTiO3（PZNT）crystal is observed using synchrotron radiation white-beam topography. Two organic plates with tinsels covering their surfaces are used as electrodes to employ DC electric field, and the characterizing sample is two PZNT crystal slices whose surface orientation is [111] and [001], respectively. This research results is considered to be useful for demonstrating the electric field induced phase transition in PZNT crystals.

It is need for development of new means against influenza virus due to the lack of efficacy of available therapeutic strategies. In previous research, 1,8-cineol exert its inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, the main regulator of cytokine and chemokine production in influenza, and anti-inflammatory activity. These fact supports and helps establish the hypothesis that 1,8-cineol may have synergism with an antiviral on influenza virus infection. The combined effect of 1,8-cineol with oseltamivir in a mouse type A influenza virus (Victoria/3/75,H3N2) model were examined. We initially tested combinations of 1,8-cineol (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg/day) and oseltamivir (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg/day). In addition, the 0.4 mg/kg/day of oseltamivir combined with 120 mg/kg of 1,8-cineol was selected for further combination studies. Oseltamivir was 30%, 40%, and 60% protective at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg/d. Combinations of 1,8-cineol (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg/d) and oseltamivir (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg/d) increased the number of survivors and mean survival time (MST) following combination treatment was greater than monotherapy alone. Three dimensional analysis of drug interactions using the MacSynergy method showed a strong synergistic effect of these drug combinations. Survival, MST, lung parameters (lung index, viral titers, and pathology), and cytokines (IL-10, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) expression in lung demonstrated the high effectiveness of the combination. Combined treatment was associated with longer MST and more reduced cytokine levels than oseltamivir alone. These data demonstrate that combinations of 1,8-cineol and oseltamivir have synergistic effect against influenza A virus (H3N2) infection.

Ribavirin is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that is used against RNA and DNA viruses and has been reported to inhibit infection by influenza A and B virus in vitro and in vivo. Studies have shown that ribavirin can lower convalescent antibody titers in young children hospitalized with influenza. Here, we report that ribavirin administration in juvenile mice significantly attenuated respiratory immune responses, production of total IgA and hemagglutinin (HA)-specific secretory IgA responses on the mucosal surface. In contrast, systemic IgG and IgA responses were not affected. Ribavirin significantly suppressed toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression in the lung and decreased the level of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in lung tissues of mice infected with influenza virus. Our findings suggest ribavirin appears to be able to inhibit viral replication and, as a result, TLR and cytokine expression are not up-regulated, attenuating inflammation as well as the respiratory tract’s immune response.

1,8-Cineol is a major monoterpene principally from eucalyptus essential oils and has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and inhibitory of nuclear factor (NF)-kB effect. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of 1,8-cineol on mice infected with influenza A virus. We found that 1,8-cineol protects against influenza viral infection in mice. Moreover, 1,8-cineol efficiently decreased the level of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and MCP-1 in nasal lavage fluids and the level of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in lung tissues of mice infected with influenza virus. The results also showed that 1,8-cineol reduced the expression of NF-kB p65, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in lung tissues. Thus, 1,8-cineol appears to be able to augment protection against IFV infection in mice via attenuation of pulmonary inflammatory responses.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate microstructural changes in chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) rabbit model under diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) technology of synchrotron radiation (SR). MATERIALS AND METHODS The chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) models were obtained within two months after 5 New Zealand white rabbits were treated with doxorubicin hydrochloride. Blood exams, urine tests and kidney histological studies were carried out after the 5 rabbits were humanely sacrificed by hyperanesthesia. The kidney tissues were fixed in 4% formalin for one week before DEI experiment, with another 5 normal rabbits used as the control group. The experiment was performed at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF) with a 4W1A beam line (beam energy was 14keV). On routine scanning process, the rocking curve was detected, and slope position on the curve was selected to make a 360° spatial CT scan; DEI reconstruction software was used to generate a 3-dimensional image, from which the difference in grey value between the chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) group and the control group was measured and analyzed using MATLAB and SPSS. RESULT Without radio-contrast, DEI provided clear visibility of the microstructures including artery, vein, straight collecting ducts, papillary tubules, glomeruli in both the chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) group and the control group, with a spatial resolution as low as 10μm. MATLAB grey value extraction and SPSS analysis showed that cortex of CGN group (91 to 112) lost more gray value compared to the control group (121 to 141), T tests P < 0.05. Equivalant cortical ROI (data points 450×80) quantitative analysis showed that gross grey value of CGN group (ranking from 55 to 160) was smaller than the control group (ranking from 75 to 175). DEI images correlated well with pathologic images. Morphological changes in the microstructure of contstartabstractCGN kidney was revealed, due to the advantage of phase-contrast imaging (PCI) mechanism, and the diagnostic value of CGN by synchrotron radiation (SR) phase-contrast imaging (PCI) technology was evaluated. CONCLUSION Synchrotron radiation (SR) diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) experiment makes non-contrast CGN diagnosis possible in the rabbit model studied. With improvement of laboratory equipment and image analyzer in clinical practice, diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) could fundamentally become a new diagnostic method for CGN.

Wireless Mesh network (WMN) are increasingly becoming popular as low cost alternatives to wired network for providing broadband access to users. A wireless mesh network (WMN) is a communication networks made up of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology. It is also a form of wireless network. Wireless mesh networks often consist of mesh clients, mesh routers and gateways. The mesh clients are often laptops, cell phones and other wireless devices while the mesh routers forward traffic to and from the gateways, which may, but need not, be connected, to the Internet. In this paper, we discuss different radio frequency range in wireless connected to Access Point (AP) and the project from Belarus-China great stone industry park in Mesh network. The China-Belarus industrial park is a territorial entity with the area of approximately 80 sq.km with a special legal status for the provision of comfortable conditions for business conducting. The Park is located in a unique natural complex 25 km far from Minsk, the capital of the Republic of Belarus. It is in close proximity to the international airport, railway lines, a transnational highway Berlin–Moscow. The result of analysis shows distribution of AP and covering services in great stone industry park. Mesh network provides robustness and load balancing in wireless networks communication.

Беспроводная ячеистая сеть (WMN) все чаще становится популярным решением из-за низкой стоимости как альтернатива проводной сети для предоставления широкополосного доступа для пользователей. Беспроводная ячеистая сеть (WMN) представляет собой коммуникационные сети, состоящие из радио узлов, организованных в топологии сети. Беспроводные сети состоят из сети клиентов, сетевых маршрутизаторов и шлюзов. Клиенты сети -это часто ноутбуки, сотовые телефоны и другие беспроводные устройства, в то время как сетевые маршрутизаторы пересылают трафик и из шлюзов, которые могут, но не обязательно, быть подключены к Интернету. В статье рассматриваются разные каналы радио беспроводной связи, подключенные к точке доступа (AP) в рамках БелорусскоКитайского проекта индустриального парка «Большой Камень», который является территориальным образованием площадью около 80 кв. Км с особым правовым статусом для предоставления комфортных условий для ведения бизнеса. Парк расположен в уникальном природном комплексе в 25 км от Минска, столицы Республики Беларусь. Он находится в непосредственной близости от международного аэропорта, железнодорожных линий и транснациональной магистрали Берлин-Москва. Результат анализа показывает распределение точек доступа, обеспечивающих принципиальные функции на территории индустриального парка. При этом обеспечивается надежность и балансировка нагрузки в беспроводных ячеистых сетях связи., Wireless Mesh network (WMN) are increasingly becoming popular as low cost alternatives to wired network for providing broadband access to users. A wireless mesh network (WMN) is a communication networks made up of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology. It is also a form of wireless network. Wireless mesh networks often consist of mesh clients, mesh routers and gateways. The mesh clients are often laptops, cell phones and other wireless devices while the mesh routers forward traffic to and from the gateways, which may, but need not, be connected, to the Internet. In this paper, we discuss different radio frequency range in wireless connected to Access Point (AP) and the project from Belarus – China great stone industry park in Mesh network. The China-Belarus industrial park is a territorial entity with the area of approximately 80 sq. km with a special legal status for the provision of comfortable conditions for business conducting. The Park is located in a unique natural complex 25 km far from Minsk, the capital of the Republic of Belarus. It is in close proximity to the international airport, railway lines, a transnational highway Berlin-Moscow. The result of analysis shows distribution of AP and covering services in great stone industry park. Mesh network provides robustness and load balancing in wireless networks communication.