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We present measurements and simulations of semiconductor-superconductor heterostructure devices that are consistent with the observation of topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes. The devices are fabricated from high-mobility two-dimensional electron gases in which quasi-one-dimensional wires are defined by electrostatic gates. These devices enable measurements of local and non-local transport properties and have been optimized via extensive simulations to ensure robustness against non-uniformity and disorder. Our main result is that several devices, fabricated according to the design's engineering specifications, have passed the topological gap protocol defined in Pikulin \textit{et al.} [arXiv:2103.12217]. This protocol is a stringent test composed of a sequence of three-terminal local and non-local transport measurements performed while varying the magnetic field, semiconductor electron density, and junction transparencies. Passing the protocol indicates a high probability of detection of a topological phase hosting Majorana zero modes as determined by large-scale disorder simulations. Our experimental results are consistent with a quantum phase transition into a topological superconducting phase that extends over several hundred millitesla in magnetic field and several millivolts in gate voltage, corresponding to approximately one hundred micro-electron-volts in Zeeman energy and chemical potential in the semiconducting wire. These regions feature a closing and re-opening of the bulk gap, with simultaneous zero-bias conductance peaks at \textit{both} ends of the devices that withstand changes in the junction transparencies. The extracted maximum topological gaps in our devices are 20-$60\,\mu$eV. This demonstration is a prerequisite for experiments involving fusion and braiding of Majorana zero modes., Comment: Added: a second device design; data from an additional device with larger topological gap; further testing of the TGP via simulations; links to a repo containing the raw data and analysis scripts necessary to reproduce all figures containing experimental or simulated data

La pandèmia mundial de la COVID-19 ha generat diversos efectes en la salut de la població, sobretot en la salut mental. Però se li ha donat el valor i la importància que realment té per fer front a una situació com aquesta? Articles com els de Stankovska, Memedi i Dimitrovski (2020) i el de Brooks et al. (2020) adverteixen de les conseqüències que un aïllament provoca. Així doncs, aquest estudi mostra els reptes sense precedents a nivell global i sobretot pels sistemes educatius que aquest provoca. A conseqüència d'això, un dels col·lectius més vulnerables en aquesta pandèmia ha set la població infantil. Els resultats d'aquest treball mostren els sentiments i expectatives que ha generat la COVID-19 durant la pandèmia i en quin grau les mesures de seguretat que s'estan aplicant a tota la població estan afectant la gestió emocional dels infants. A més, s'exposa una discussió sobre la importància de reforçar el benestar subjectiu de les persones per aportar estratègies i recursos que previnguin i pal·liïn els possibles efectes negatius en qualsevol context o situació d'emergència. The global pandemic of COVID-19 has had several effects on the health of the population, especially mental health. But have you been given the courage and importance it really has to deal with a situation like this? The articles by Stankovska, Memedi, and Dimitrovski (2020) and that of Brooks et al. (2020) warn of the consequences that isolation causes. In addition, this study shows the unprecedented challenges globally and especially for the education systems it causes. As a result, one of the most vulnerable groups in this pandemic has been the child population. The results of this work show the feelings and expectations generated by COVID-19 during the pandemic and the extent to which safety measures being applied to the entire population are affecting children's emotional management. In addition, a discussion is held on the importance of strengthening subjective well-being of people in order to provide strategies and resources that prevent and mitigate possible negative effects in any context or emergency situation. La pandemia mundial de la Covidien-19 ha generado diversos efectos en la salud de la población, sobre todo en la salud mental. Pero se le ha dado el valor y la importancia que realmente tiene para hacer frente a una situación como ésta? Artículos como los de Stankovska, MEMED y Dimitrovski (2020) y el de Brooks et al. (2020) advierten de las consecuencias que un aislamiento provoca. Así pues, este estudio muestra los retos sin precedentes a nivel global y sobre todo por los sistemas educativos que éste provoca. A consecuencia de ello, uno de los colectivos más vulnerables en esta pandemia ha sido la población infantil. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran los sentimientos y expectativas que ha generado la Covidien-19 durante la pandemia y en qué grado las medidas de seguridad que se están aplicando a toda la población están afectando la gestión emocional de los niños. Además, se expone una discusión sobre la importancia de reforzar el bienestar subjetivo de las personas para aportar estrategias y recursos que prevengan y palien los posibles efectos negativos en cualquier contexto o situación de emergencia.

The BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) is being utilised internationally for mass COVID-19 vaccination. Evidence of single-dose protection against symptomatic disease has encouraged some countries to opt for delayed booster doses of BNT162b2, but the effect of this strategy on rates of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. We previously demonstrated frequent pauci- and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) during the UK’s first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, using a comprehensive PCR-based HCW screening programme (Rivett et al., 2020; Jones et al., 2020). Here, we evaluate the effect of first-dose BNT162b2 vaccination on test positivity rates and find a fourfold reduction in asymptomatic infection amongst HCWs ≥12 days post-vaccination. These data provide real-world evidence of short-term protection against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection following a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine, suggesting that mass first-dose vaccination will reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, as well as the burden of COVID-19 disease.

En els últims anys la Unió Europea ha patit un seguit de crisis polítiques i identitàries que l'han portada a necessitar redefinir la seva identitat en el sistema internacional. El present treball investiga com aquestes crisis han afectat el concepte de seguretat de la Unió Europea a través del cas d'estudi del Sahel. Per fer-ho analitza les narratives de les estratègies de seguretat de la Unió així com les estratègies que ha dut a terme a la regió del Sahel. En los últimos años, la Unión Europea ha sufrido una serie de crisis políticas e identitarias que le han llevado a necesitar redefinir su identidad en el sistema internacional. El presente trabajo investiga cómo estas crisis han afectado al concepto de seguridad de la Unión Europea a través del caso de estudio del Sahel. Para ello analiza las narrativas de las estrategias de seguridad de la Unión, así como las estrategias que ha llevado a cabo en la región del Sahel. In recent years, the European Union has suffered a series of political and identity crises that have led it to need to redefine its identity in the international system. This paper investigates how these crises have affected the concept of security in the European Union through the Sahel case study. To do so, it analyzes the narratives of the Union's security strategies as well as the strategies it has pursued in the Sahel region.

O presente artigo analisa as hipóteses de provisão de garantias ao parceiro-privado, contratos de parcerias público-privadas, por meio de empresas estatais e de fundos garantidores. O trabalho avalia a natureza jurídica e o regime jurídico dos fundos garantidores e das empresas estatais garantidoras de parcerias público-privadas, bem como analisa as características e o grau de segurança das garantidas prestadas por tais figuras.

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El efecto insulinotrópico de la hormona incretina GLP-1 (péptido relacionado con el glucagón de tipo 1) así como su capacidad de mantener la homeostasis de la glucosa ha suscitado gran interés como agente terapéutico en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2. En la última década, las investigaciones se han enfocado en el desarrollo de análogos de GLP-1 con una mayor estabilidad en la circulación que el péptido endógeno como son la Exendina-4 y el Liraglutide. Además, tanto GLP-1 como sus análogos ejercen otros efectos extra-pancreáticos e independientes del control de la glucemia como en el sistema cardiovascular y en la fisiología pulmonar, entre otros. El propósito de este trabajo fue estudiar los efectos de los análogos de GLP-1 en la función pulmonar durante la etapa fetal, neonatal y adulta. Haciendo hincapié en la síntesis de los componente del surfactante pulmonar como sistema clave de la estabilidad alveolar. Sus acciones como agentes moduladores de la función pulmonar durante la organogénesis sugieren aplicaciones terapéuticas potenciales de estos péptidos en patologías respiratorias asociadas a inmadurez pulmonar tras el nacimiento. Asimismo, los efectos de Liraglutide descritos en el sistema cardiopulmonar independientes del control de la glucemia en un modelo de diabetes en etapa adulta pueden resultar de gran utilidad para mitigar las deficiencias en la circulación pulmonar asociada a la diabetes. Por tanto nuestras investigaciones aportan nuevos conocimientos sobre los efectos de los análogos de GLP-1 independientes de la homeostasis de la glucosa, los cuales podría tener ciertas aplicaciones terapéuticas.

INTRODUÇÃO: Este artigo relata uma intervenção grupal com ênfase na revisão de vida, que buscou promover evocação de lembranças e reflexão sobre atividades de interesse e projeto de vida de idosos. OBJETIVOS: Descrever e analisar a intervenção grupal realizada. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Pesquisa-intervenção realizada com sete idosos, usuários de um Centro de Convivência na Capital Paulista, no ano de 2006. A pesquisa compreendeu intervenção em nove encontros e análise de comportamentos e opiniões. Os dados foram obtidos através de observação e entrevistas e, analisados em seu conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Os idosos refletiram sobre a possibilidade de terem projetos de vida e demonstraram que o espaço grupal foi propício para ampliação do contato social e identificações mútuas. A intervenção favoreceu a ampliação da rede relacional dos idosos e ressignificação de suas trajetórias de vida e do próprio envelhecimento. CONCLUSÃO: Acredita-se que o trabalho com a revisão de vida configura-se como um potencial e importante recurso a ser utilizado pelo terapeuta ocupacional no atendimento à população idosa. INTRODUCTION: This article reports on a group intervention focused on life review, so that elderly could both evoke their memories and reflect on their activities of interest and life projects. OBJECTIVES: Describe and analyse the performed group intervention. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: An intervention-research carried out with seven elderly, users of a daycare center in São Paulo, Brazil, in 2006. It included nine encounters and the analysis of behaviors and opinions of elderly about the process that was held. Data were obtained through interviews and observation and analysed in their content. RESULTS: Elderly pondered over the possibility of having life project and presented that the group propitiated an expansion of social contact and their mutual identification. The intervention corroborated to increase aged relational network and to resignify the ederlies life trajectories and their own aging. CONCLUSION: Working with the life review process can be considered as an important resource to be used by occupational therapists in the care of the elderly population.

INTRODUCTION: The main caregiver is the one in charge of tasks, among others, of helping the dependent elderly person with his daily activities and is, in general, a member of his family nucleus. The role of the caregiver falls into his hands, without him being prepared for that. OBJECTIVE: Verify the caregivers preparation regarding the basic care of the elderly inpatients prone to hospital discharge. METHODS: The study was carried out at the Geriatric Ward of Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual Francisco Morato de Oliveira in September and October 2007. It is a descriptive transversal study, with quantitative approach. Identification questionnaires were applied to the caregivers and elderly patients and a semi-structured questionnaire to the caregivers. RESULTS: The study sample was composed of 17 caregivers, being 94% female and 76% daughters. In relation to the preparation to carry out the elderly persons' Daily Living Basic Activities, 65% of the caregivers stated that they feel prepared. It was observed that 59% of the caregivers didn't have doubts before the admission and all the research's participants mentioned they didn't need to receive further orientations. CONCLUSION: It was observed that, in agreement with previous studies, the majority of the caregiver was female and daughters, who did not report doubts with regard to the basic cares before the admission and also affirmed they were prepared for providing care of hospital discharge. This can be a pointer of positive impact of the work of orientation exerted by the interdisciplinary team throughout hospitalization, being objectified one better care of the elderly person in the domicile.

The gut microbiota coexists in partnership with the human host through adaptations to environmental and physiological changes that help maintain dynamic homeostatic healthy states. Break-down of this delicate balance under sustained exposure to stressors (e.g. unhealthy diets) can, however, contribute to the onset of disease. Diet is a key modifiable environmental factor that modulates the gut microbiota and its metabolic capacities that, in turn, could impact human physiology. On this basis, the diet and the gut microbiota could act as synergistic forces that provide resilience against disease or that speed the progress from health to disease states. Associations between unhealthy dietary patterns, non-communicable diseases and intestinal dysbiosis can be explained by this hypothesis. Translational studies showing that dietary-induced alterations in microbial communities recapitulate some of the pathological features of the original host further support this notion. In this introductory paper by the European project MyNewGut, we briefly summarize the investigations conducted to better understand the role of dietary patterns and food components in metabolic and mental health and the specificities of the microbiome-mediating mechanisms. We also discuss how advances in the understanding of the microbiome's role in dietary health effects can help to provide acceptable scientific grounds on which to base dietary advice for promoting healthy living., The MyNewGut project is financially supported by a grant within the EU 7th Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 613979. The EU is not liable for the content presented in this publication. MO is a beneficiary of a >MOVE-IN Louvain> (incoming Post-Doctoral Fellowship co-funded by the Marie Curie Actions of the European).