12 results on '"Phillips RA"'
Search Results
2. 8. Biogeographic Patterns of Birds and Mammals
- Author
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Ropert-Coudert, Y., Mark Hindell, Phillips, Ra, Charrassin, J-B, Trudelle, L., Raymond, B., Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, De Broyer C., Koubbi P., Griffiths H.J., Raymond B., Udekem d’Acoz C. d’, et al ., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))
- Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2014
3. Pathogenicity and Persistence of Salmonella enteritidis and Egg Contamination in Normal and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus-Infected Leghorn Chicks
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Phillips Ra and Opitz Hm
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Veterinary medicine ,Salmonella ,animal structures ,food.ingredient ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Salmonella enteritidis ,Peritonitis ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,Virus ,Infectious bursal disease ,Persistence (computer science) ,food ,Food Animals ,Yolk ,embryonic structures ,medicine ,Sexual maturity ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
The pathogenicity and persistence of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) phage type 8 and resulting egg contamination in normal and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-infected white leghorn chicks were evaluated over 34 weeks and in some birds over a 64-week period. Four hundred 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) straight-run white-leghorn chickens were allotted into four treatment groups: negative control, IBDV-infected, IBDV+SE-infected, and SE-infected. Chicks were infected with IBDV at 1 day of age and with SE phage type 8 at 2 days of age. SE persisted in the gut of more than 50% of the chicks of both SE-infected groups through 34 weeks postinoculation (PI), and SE could still be isolated from cloacal/rectal swabs taken at 64 weeks. IBDV+ SE-infected chicks had severe gross lesions and significantly (P < 0.001) higher mortality (32%) than the negative control (1%), IBDV-infected (10%), and SE-infected (1%) groups. Gross lesions consisting of fibrinous pericarditis, perihepatitis, peritonitis, airsacculitis, and inspissated yolk were observed only in the IBDV+SE-infected group. SE isolations from internal organs of chickens in the IBDV+SE-infected group decreased from 83% at 8 weeks to 0% at 14 weeks PI; isolations from the SE-infected group decreased from 50% at 8 weeks to 0% at 10 weeks PI. Salmonella isolations increased from 0% to 14% in both groups at 18 weeks, corresponding with the time of sexual maturity. Of the 1,050 eggs cultured from the IBDV+SE-infected group, SE was isolated from 88 shells, five albumens, and two yolks. In contrast, of 1,258 eggs from the SE-infected group, 33 shells and none of the albumens and yolks were positive for SE. All eggs that had SE-positive contents also had SE-positive shells.
- Published
- 1995
4. Enhanced lymphoid and decreased myeloid reconstituting ability of stem cells from long-term cultures of mouse bone marrow
- Author
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Phillips Ra
- Subjects
Myeloid ,T-Lymphocytes ,Stem cell theory of aging ,Mitosis ,Biology ,Mice ,Myeloid stem cell ,Bone Marrow ,medicine ,Cell Adhesion ,Concanavalin A ,Animals ,Lymphopoiesis ,Lymphocytes ,Cells, Cultured ,B-Lymphocytes ,Cell Differentiation ,General Medicine ,Hematopoietic Stem Cells ,Cell biology ,Hematopoiesis ,Haematopoiesis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,Bone marrow ,Stem cell ,Adult stem cell - Abstract
Mature, functional lymphocytes rapidly disappear from long-term cultures of mouse bone marrow cells and never reappear. One reason for the loss of B lymphocytes is that the optimal culture conditions for maintenance of myeloid stem cells are suboptimal for lymphocyte survival. However, despite the absence of functional lymphocytes, stem cells from such cultures retain the ability to reconstitute irradiated mice with mitogen-responsive B and T lymphocytes. In fact, in vitro grown stem cells repopulate the lymphoid system better than the myeloid system; the defective myeloid potential does not result from the absence in the cultures of Thy--1 bearing regulatory cells (TSRC). Although the cultures lack mature lymphocytes, they contain putative T cell precursors detectable with an in vitro colony-forming assay (CFU-T). In vitro maintenance of CFU-T requires an appropriate adherent monolayer. Monolyaters from congenitally anemic mice of genotype Sl/Sld fail to support either myeloid precursors or CFU-T.
- Published
- 1980
5. Changes in corneal astigmatism
- Author
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Phillips Ra
- Subjects
Ophthalmology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,Astigmatism ,Humans ,business ,medicine.disease ,Corneal astigmatism ,Optometry ,Corneal Diseases - Published
- 1952
6. State optometry in Britain
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Phillips Ra
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Ophthalmology ,State (polity) ,National Health Programs ,Political science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Legislation as Topic ,Optometry ,Humans ,State Medicine ,United Kingdom ,media_common - Published
- 1951
7. Escaping the oligotrophic gyre? The year-round movements, foraging behaviour and habitat preferences of Murphy’s petrels
- Author
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Clay, TA, Phillips, RA, Manica, AM, Jackson, HA, and Brooke, MDELM
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pelagic ecosystem ,trans-equatorial migration ,seabird ,biologging ,sexual segregation ,14. Life underwater ,subropical gyre ,15. Life on land ,16. Peace & justice ,gadfly petrel ,activity patterns - Abstract
The South Pacific Gyre is the world’s largest expanse of oligotrophic ocean and supports communities of endemic gadfly petrels Pterodroma spp, yet little is known about their foraging ecology in this nutrient-poor environment. We tracked Murphy’s petrels Pterodroma ultima with geolocators from Henderson Island, Pitcairn Islands, for two consecutive years (2011 - 2013). During pre-laying exodus, petrels travelled south and southwest of the colony, with males travelling further than females to more productive waters. During incubation, birds foraged at the southern and eastern edges of the Gyre, with some travelling over 4,800 km from the colony, the greatest recorded foraging range of any breeding seabird. During non-breeding, the petrels migrated to the Subarctic Gyre in the North Pacific to forage in cool, mesotrophic waters. Habitat models revealed that birds do not have clear preferences for oceanographic (such as fronts or eddies) or topographic features (seamounts), generally favouring deep and unproductive waters. Analyses of activity patterns indicated Murphy’s petrels are amongst the most active of all seabirds, particularly during incubation when they spent c.95% of their time at sea in flight. The birds did not appear to forage during darkness, but flight activity peaked at dawn, particularly during non-breeding, suggesting they feed on mesopelagic prey that are diel vertical migrants. At-sea protection for such a wide-ranging species would require management at huge spatial scales, and hence in the short term, the principal focus for conservation should be on eliminating the immediate threat from invasive mammals at breeding sites.
8. Diving behaviour of albatrosses: implications for foraging ecology and bycatch susceptibility
- Author
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Bentley, LK, Kato, A, Ropert-Coudert, Y, Manica, A, and Phillips, RA
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3109 Zoology ,3103 Ecology ,14. Life underwater ,15. Life on land ,31 Biological Sciences - Abstract
Diving is an ecologically important behaviour that provides air-breathing predators with opportunities to capture prey, but that also increases their exposure to incidental mortality (bycatch) in commercial fisheries. In this study, we characterised the diving behaviour of 26 individuals of three species, the black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris, grey-headed albatross T. chrysostoma and light-mantled albatross Phoebetria palpebrata, breeding at Bird Island, South Georgia. Individuals were tracked using Global Location Sensor (GLS)-immersion loggers and time-depth recorders (TDRs) and, for two species, Global Positioning System (GPS) loggers. Although the TDRs recorded 589 dives (defined in this paper as submersion > 1 m), average dive depths and durations were just 1.30–1.49 m and 2.5–3.3 s, respectively, for the three species. In addition, many individuals (22% of black-browed, 20% of grey-headed, and 57% of light-mantled albatrosses; total n = 9, 10 and 7 individuals, respectively) did not dive at all. Most dives occurred at the distal end of foraging trips and were rare during the commuting phase. No dives took place in darkness, despite long periods spent on water at night. The limited and shallow dive activity contrasts with impressions from a previous study using capillary-tube depth gauges (which are less accurate than TDRs) and has implications for the susceptibility of albatrosses to bycatch on longlines. This study provides further support for regulations requiring night setting and increased sink rates of baited hooks to help mitigate albatross bycatch.
9. Movements and diving behaviour of white-chinned petrels: Diurnal variation and implications for bycatch mitigation
- Author
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Frankish, CK, Manica, A, Navarro, J, and Phillips, RA
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birds ,14. Life underwater ,endangered species ,15. Life on land ,tracking ,ocean ,fishing ,behaviour - Abstract
Many seabirds dive to forage, and the ability to use this hunting technique varies according to such factors as morphology, physiology, prey availability, and ambient light levels. Proficient divers are more able to seize sinking baits deployed by longline fishing vessels and may return them to the surface, increasing exposure of other species. Hence, diving ability has major implications for mitigating incidental mortality (bycatch) in fisheries. Here, the diving behaviour and activity patterns of the most bycaught seabird species worldwide, the white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis), tracked from Bird Island (South Georgia), are analysed. Three data sources (dives, spatial movements, and immersion events) are combined to examine diverse aspects of at-sea foraging behaviour, and their implications for alternative approaches to bycatch mitigation are considered. The tracked white-chinned petrels (n = 14) mostly performed shallow dives (
10. Quantifying individual specialization using tracking data: a case study on two species of albatrosses
- Author
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Bonnet-Lebrun, A-S, Phillips, RA, Manica, A, and Rodrigues, ASL
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14. Life underwater ,0502 Environmental Science and Management ,15. Life on land - Abstract
Many predictive models of spatial and temporal distribution (e.g. in response to climate change or species introductions) assume that species have one environmental niche that applies to all individuals. However, there is growing evidence that individuals can have environmental preferences that are narrower than the species niche. Such individual specialization has mainly been studied in terms of dietary niches, but a recent increase in the availability of individual movement data opens the possibility of extending these analyses to specialisation in environmental preferences. Yet, no study to date on individual specialisation has considered the environmental niche in its multidimensionality. Here we propose a new method for quantifying individual specialisation in multiple dimensions simultaneously. We compare the hypervolumes in n-dimensional environmental niche space of each individual against that of the population, testing for significant differences against a null model. The same method can be applied to a 2-dimensional geographic space to test for site fidelity. We applied this method to test for individual environmental specialisation (across three dimensions: sea surface temperature, eddy kinetic energy, depth) and for site fidelity among satellite-tracked black-browed albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophris) and grey-headed albatrosses (Thalassarche chrysostoma), during chick-rearing at South Georgia. We found evidence for site fidelity in both species and of environmental specialisation among individual grey-headed but not black-browed albatrosses. Specialisation can affect the resilience of populations affected by natural and anthropogenic changes in the environment, and hence has implications for population dynamics and conservation.
11. HIGH DISTANCE VISUAL ACUITY WITH UNCORRECTED ASTIGMATISM ??? A CASE REPORT
- Author
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Phillips Ra
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Distance visual acuity ,business.industry ,Visual Acuity ,Astigmatism ,Vernier acuity ,medicine.disease ,Ophthalmology ,medicine ,Humans ,Optometry ,business ,Vision, Ocular - Published
- 1949
12. Individual consistency and sex differences in migration strategies of Scopoli’s shearwaters Calonectris diomedea despite year differences
- Author
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Martina S. Müller, Bruno Massa, Giacomo Dell'Omo, Richard A. Phillips, Müller, MS, Massa, B, Phillips, RA, and Dell’Omo, G
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education.field_of_study ,Calonectris diomedea ,biology ,Ecology ,Population ,Destinations ,Avian migration, GLS loggers, Repeatability, Individual strategies ,biology.organism_classification ,Geography ,Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata ,Consistency (statistics) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,education ,Demography - Abstract
Recently-developed capabilities for tracking the movements of individual birds over the course of a year or longer has provided increasing evidence for consistent individual differences in migration schedules and destinations. This raises questions about the relative importance of individual consistency versus flexibility in the evolution of migration strategies, and has implications for the ability of populations to respond to climatic change. Using geolocators, we tracked the migrations of Scopoli’s shearwaters Calonectris diomedea breeding in Linosa (Italy) across three years, and analysed timing and spatial aspects of their movements. Birds showed remarkable variation in their main wintering destination along the western coast of Africa. We found significant individual consistency in the total distance traveled, time spent in transit, and time that individuals spent in the wintering areas. We found extensive sex differences in scheduling, duration, distances and destinations of migratory journeys. We also found sex differences in the degree of individual consistency in aspects of migration behaviour. Despite strong evidence for individual consistency, which indicates that migration journeys from the same bird tended to be more similar than those of different birds, there remained substantial intra-individual variation between years. Indeed, we also found clear annual differences in departure dates, return dates, wintering period, the total distance traveled and return routes from wintering grounds back to the colony. These findings show that this population flexibly shifts migration schedules as well as routes between years in response to direct or indirect effects of heterogeneity in the environment, while maintaining consistent individual migration strategies.
- Published
- 2014
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