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BackgroundSepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome that leads to the massive death of immune cells. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to exert key regulatory roles in cells. However, it is unclear how lncRNAs regulate the survival of immune cells in the occurrence and development of sepsis.MethodsIn this study, we used blood whole transcriptome sequencing data (RNA-seq) from normal controls (Hlty) and patients with uncomplicated infection (Inf1 P), sepsis (Seps P), and septic shock (Shock P), to investigate the fraction changes of immune cell types, expression pattern of cell death-related genes, as well as differentially expressed lncRNAs. Association network among these factors was constructed to screen out essential immune cell types, lncRNAs and their potential targets. Finally, the expression of lncRNAs and cell death genes in sepsis patients were validated by qRT-PCR.ResultsIn this study, we found fifteen immune cell types showed significant fraction difference between Hlty and three patient groups. The expression pattern of cell death-related genes was also dysregulated in Hlty compared with patient groups. Co-expression network analysis identified a key turquoise module that was associated with the fraction changes of immune cells. We then identified differentially expressed lncRNAs and their potential targets that were tightly associated with the immune cell dysregulation in sepsis. Seven lncRNAs, including LINC00861, LINC01278, RARA-AS1, RP11-156P1.3, RP11-264B17.3, RP11-284N8.3 and XLOC_011309, as well as their co-expressed cell death genes, were finally identified, and we validated two lncRNAs (LINC00861 and LINC01278) and four mRNA targets using qRT-PCR in sepsis samples.ConclusionThe global analysis of cell death-related genes in the occurrence and development of sepsis was carried out for the first time, and its expression regulation mode was displayed. The expression pattern of sepsis-associated lncRNAs were analyzed and identified, and the lncRNAs were significantly related to the change of immune cell proportion. We highlight the important roles of lncRNAs and their potential targets in the regulation of immune cell fraction changes during sepsis progression. The identified lncRNAs and their target genes may become new biomarkers and therapeutic targets of sepsis.

Previous studies found that high red cell distribution width (RDW) value is associated with poor outcomes among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether post-ROSC RDW value was associated with survival and neurological outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) patients achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) but remaining critically ill. This retrospective single-center observational study included IHCA adults with sustained ROSC between January 1, 2017 and January 1, 2021 at an academic medical center in China. PostROSC RDW values were measured within 1 hour after sustained ROSC. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge and the secondary outcome was favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge. The associations between postROSC RDW value and outcomes among IHCA patients with ROSC were evaluated by using multivariate logistic regression. A total of 730 patients with sustained ROSC following IHCA were ultimately included in this study. Of whom 194 (26.6%) survived to hospital discharge and 116 (15.9%) had a favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, lower postROSC RDW value was independently associated with survival to hospital discharge (odds ratio 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.15–0.63, P = .017, cut-off value: 15.5%) and favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge (odds ratio 0.23, 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.87, P

Additional file 2. Sensitivity analysis.

Additional file 3. Funnel plot.

Additional file 1. Search strategy in PubMed.

Maize is the main crop in western Jilin Province.Water is a major constraint on maize production.How to effectively utilize the limited water resources to ensure maize production needs to be solved urgently.Formerly the irrigation water was as the key indicator to measure the water consumption during crop production.However,it neglected the consumption of soil water and water pollution.Water footprint connects the physical and virtual forms of water,which covers blue water,green water and gray water.It can truly reflect water demand and its sources.Recently,the most studies regarding water footprint are to investigate the water footprints of consumer products and products trade between regions or countries.Whereas researching the water footprint in the production process is little. According to the field experiments of maize,we explore the impact of different sowing dates on the source and consumption of green water,to determine the satisfactory degree of precipitation on maize growth and achieve the optimum matching relationship between sowing date and precipitation and temperature in maize growing season under the background of global warming.Results of 3-years experiments showed that either in the rainy year of 2005,or in the drought year of 2006 and extreme drought year of 2007,the green water consumption was the main water requirement in the maize production,which took the ratio over 98%.The green water footprint of maize production was mainly the effective precipitation in 2005 and soil water in 2006 and 2007.Effective precipitation in the green water footprint of the first three sowing dates accounted for 80.4%,87.6% and 89.1% during 2005,41.3%,43.3% and 46.6% during 2006,and 34.2%,35.5% and 36.5% during 2007,respectively.It implied that late sowing could gain more precipitation and higher temperature in maize growing stages.Water and thermal resources matched well,which was beneficial to maize production.Moreover,the effective precipitation took large ratio in the green water footprint.Therefore,late sowing is useful to enhance the rate of rainwater utilization,keep the soil water balance and promote the agricultural sustainable development. In the current studies of virtual water and water footprint,the basically method was statistics calculation and analysis.However the statistics do not reflect the differences within the region,the practical production and the water consumption.Field experiments,from the microscopic view,can break through the limitations that the studies of virtual water,water footprint are only from the view of macro-and meso-scale.This paper investigates the regularity of the green water footprint of maize in different sowing dates under the same conditions of soil and cropland management,and provides the basis for the further subdivision of green water and the improvement of green water utilization.