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Brain glucose is an important biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has a high specificity especially for early AD. Activatable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) serve as a robust technology in the early diagnosis of many diseases; however, there is a lack of glucose-specific MRI CAs. To address this issue, in this work, we synthesized a novel MRI CA (ZIF-8/GOx@MnO

This article offers a fresh perspective on the study of the eighteenth-century musical dialogue between China and France, not as an episode of exotic encounter but as an intellectual movement that profoundly shaped how scholars conceived of music and the study of its theories within an increasingly integrated world. Taking Jean-Philippe Rameau's and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's explorations into the origins of music as an example, I foreground the importance of Chinese music in the formation of their influential concepts of the corps sonore and of the unity of music and language respectively. While these two thinkers made two opposing claims about the origins of music, both used Chinese music as key evidence to support their arguments. Moreover, certain Jesuit missionaries, particularly Jean-Joseph-Marie Amiot, played a crucial role in the global transmission of musical knowledge that enabled French thinkers like Rameau and Rousseau to incorporate music beyond Western Europe. Ultimately, this article reverses the Eurocentric narrative that tends to trace the influence of ‘Western music’ on other parts of the world by showing how Chinese music exerted a major impact on musical debates in France. Situating the study of eighteenth-century music in a global context, I demonstrate what we commonly recognize as ‘Western music theory’ was shaped by knowledge from the East.

BackgroundBillions of doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been administered and several cases of thrombocytopenia with thrombosis syndrome (TTS) have been reported after the administration of adenoviral vector vaccines. However, the effects of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, CoronaVac, on coagulation are not well understood.MethodsIn this randomized, controlled, open-label phase IV clinical trial, 270 participants including 135 adults aged 18–59 years and 135 adults aged 60 years or older, were enrolled and randomized to the CoronaVac group or to the control group in a 2:1 ratio and received two doses of CoronaVac or one dose of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and one dose of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine on days 0 and 28, respectively. Adverse events were collected for 28 days after each dose. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 4, 14, 28, 32, 42, and 56 after the first dose to evaluate neutralizing antibody titers and laboratory parameters of coagulation function and blood glucose.ResultsFourteen days after the second dose of CoronaVac, the seroconversion rates of neutralizing antibodies against the prototype strain and beta, gamma, and delta variants of concern (VOC) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reached peak values of 89.31%, 23.3%, 45.3%, and 53.5%, respectively. The incidence of adverse reactions was 43.6% and 52.2% in the CoronaVac group and in the control group, respectively. All were mild or moderate in severity. For the laboratory parameters, there was no difference in the means of any parameter between the two groups at any time point, except for the D-dimer on day 14. However, the D-dimer in the CoronaVac group decreased on day 14 compared to the value at baseline, while a higher D-dimer value, instead of a decreased D-dimer value, was a risk factor for TTS.ConclusionCoronaVac showed a good safety profile and could induce a humoral response against the prototype and VOCs of SARS-CoV-2 in adults 18 years or older, with no abnormal effects on laboratory parameters of blood glucose and coagulation function.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine whether the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was associated with the short- and long-term prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. METHODS: A total of 247 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the hospital from April 2019 to October 2020 were retrospectively selected as study subjects, and the immediate and long-term prognosis after thrombolysis was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale and divided into good prognosis group (119 cases) and poor prognosis group (128 cases) based on the effect of thrombolysis. Both groups were treated with alteplase, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale of the two groups was compared, and the factors affecting the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke were analyzed. RESULTS: After intravenous thrombolysis, 24 h, and 7 days of treatment, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale in the poor prognosis group was higher than those of patients in the good prognosis group, and the differences were statistically significant (p

Background There is a need to systematically identify and summarize the contemporary theories and theoretical frameworks used for co-creation, co-design and co-production in public health research. Methods The reporting of this systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Given substantial interest in and application of co-creation, co-design and co-production, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and APA PsycINFO from 2012 to March–April 2022. A quality assessment and data extraction for theory content was performed. Results Of the 3763 unique references identified through the comprehensive search strategy, 10 articles were included in the review: four articles named co-creation, two articles named co-creation and co-design, two articles named co-production and co-design, and two articles named co-design. Empowerment Theory was employed by two articles, whereas other theories (n = 5) or frameworks (n = 3) were employed by one article each. For the quality assessment, eight articles received a strong rating and two articles received a moderate rating. Conclusion There is little indication of theory applications for the approaches of co-creation, co-design and co-production in public health since 2012, given 10 articles were included in this review. Yet, the theories described in these 10 articles can be useful for developing such co-approaches in future public health research.

Background This study aimed to 1) assess the independent factors affecting patients with postoperative intestinal fistula from Crohn’s disease by analyzing preoperative clinical data, 2) establish a nomogram prediction model for this condition based on these factors, and 3) validate this model and evaluate its accuracy.Methods In this retrospective multicenter case-control study, the clinical data of 240 patients with Crohn’s disease admitted for surgical treatment between September 2017 and September 2019 at three centers were collected. Patients were randomly divided into a training set (168 patients) and a validation set (72 patients). Univariate analysis was performed for relevant factors, and statistically significant factors were then analyzed by multivariate logistic regression to determine the independent influencing factors. A nomogram model for predicting postoperative intestinal fistula in patients with Crohn’s disease was constructed and its accuracy of the model evaluated using calibration curves.Results Univariate analysis showed that disease behavior, abdominal abscess, intestinal perforation, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immunoinflammatory index, and prognostic nutrition index were factors affecting postoperative intestinal fistula in patients with Crohn’s disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, prognostic nutrition index, disease behavior, and Crohn's disease activity index score were independent influencing factors. After assessing the validation set, the area under the curve was 0.899, indicating good predictive accuracy of the nomogram model.Conclusions The prediction model developed in this study can effectively predict the risk of postoperative intestinal fistula.

Very thin free-flowing liquid sheets are promising targets for high-repetition-rate laser-ion acceleration. In this work, we report the generation of micrometer-thin free-flowing liquid sheets from the collision of two liquid jets, and study the vibration and jitter in their surface normal direction. The dependence of their motion amplitudes on the generation parameters is studied in detail. The origins of the vibration and jitter are discussed. Our results indicate that when the generation parameters are optimized, the motion amplitudes in the stable region can be stabilized below 3.7 {\mu}m to meet the stringent requirement of sheet position stability for a tight-focusing setup in laser-ion acceleration experiments., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, Original Reasearch

The homeostasis of circadian clock linked to bile acid (BA) metabolism and gut microbiota has profound benefits in maintaining the health status of the host. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevention and regulation of apple polyphenol extract (APE) on BA metabolism and gut microbiota by means of modulation of circadian rhythms in mice. Eighty male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into four groups: 24-hour

Efficient and mild synthetic routes for bioactive natural product derivatives are of current interest for drug discovery. Herein, on the basis of the pharmacophore hybrid strategy, we report a two-step protocol to obtain a series of structurally novel oleanolic acid (OA)-dithiocarbamate conjugates in mild conditions with high yields. Moreover, biological evaluations indicated that representative compound 3e exhibited the most potent and broad-spectrum antiproliferative effects against Panc1, A549, Hep3B, Huh-7, HT-29, and Hela cells with low cytotoxicity on normal cells. In terms of the IC50 values, these OA-dithiocarbamate conjugates were up to 30-fold more potent than the natural product OA. These compounds may be promising hit compounds for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs.

UNSTRUCTURED There is well-documented scientific evidence indicating that mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) can improve quality of life, relieve symptoms and restore health for patients. In addition to improving patients’ health outcomes, mHealth apps also reduce health care utilization and the cost burdens associated with disease management. Currently, patients and healthcare providers (HPs) have a wide variety of choices among commercially available mHealth apps. However, due to the high resource costs and low user adoption of mHealth apps, the cost-benefit relationship remains controversial. When compared to traditional expert-driven approaches, applying human-centered design (HCD) may result in more useable, acceptable, and effective mHealth apps. After reviewing the current HCD practices in the mHealth domain, we made the recommendations on HCD practices when developing mHealth apps. These recommendations focus on employing cultural considerations, applying iterative evaluation, incorporating novelty in design outcomes, and considering privacy and reliability across the entire HCD process. To guide development of mHealth apps, we also suggest a sociotechnical lens toward HCD practices to promote the sustainability of mHealth apps. Future research should consider standardizing the HCD practice to help mHealth researchers and developers avoid barriers associated with inadequate HCD practices.

BACKGROUND Co-creation is increasingly seen as a way to democratize research and bridge the implementation gap between research and practice. Despite promises of increased effectiveness, relevance, and uptake of health interventions, progress is hindered by the lack of comprehensive and consolidated knowledge about co-creation. Assembling this knowledge into a database is a crucial step toward making co-creation a more robust, trustworthy, and evidence-based methodology. However, there are two considerable challenges to achieving this. First, there is a lack of clarity and standardization of the terminology about co-creation. Second, the rapid increase in scientific publishing means that obtaining comprehensive knowledge requires dealing with a vast body of literature, which is beyond human capacity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a curated database consolidating literature published about co-creation in diverse fields. The objectives were to pull together relevant literature for stakeholders interested in co-creation and its use, and to better understand the co-creation landscape and the potential causes of fragmentation. METHODS To comprehensively include relevant literature, this study developed a novel methodology by combining attributes of systematic review methodology (eg, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) with artificial intelligence technology. We set a broad definition of co-creation that captured the essence of existing definitions, and was inclusive of fields beyond public health, while still accommodating the variation in terminology. We then relied on artificial intelligence to effectively filter out irrelevant information. We also implemented a bibliometric analysis and a quality control procedure to assess the content and accuracy of the database. RESULTS The final version of the database includes 13,501 papers, which are indexed in Zenodo and accessible in an open-access downloadable format. The quality assessment showed that 20.35% (140/688) of the database likely contains irrelevant material, and that it captured 90.62% (58/64) of the relevant literature. Participatory, and forms of the term co-creation, occurred most frequently in the title and abstracts of included literature. Furthermore, the analysis of authorship, citations, and the source landscape, indicates that there is little collaboration within and between fields using co-creation. CONCLUSIONS This study produced a high-quality curated open-access database consolidating the literature about co-creation. In doing so, the study demonstrates that it is possible to consolidate knowledge about diffuse concepts using a combination of human and artificial intelligence. Through the bibliometric analysis, this study also visualizes the current co-creation landscape and the potential causes of fragmentation. The database lifts the main barrier that most researchers and practitioners will face in seeking evidence about co-creation, namely, the fragmentation of knowledge and the ensuing dilemma of having to deal with a vast amount of information. This database makes it possible to perform rapid literature reviews about co-creation.

Cefepime exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and thus is a widely used treatment for severe bacterial infections. Adverse effects on the central nervous system (CNS) have been reported in patients treated with cefepime. Current explanation for the adverse neurobehavioral effect of cefepime is mainly attributed to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and competitively bind to the GABAergic receptor; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, mice were intraperitoneally administered 80 mg/kg cefepime for different periods, followed by neurobehavioral tests and a brain lipidomic analysis. LC/MS-MS-based metabolomics was used to investigate the effect of cefepime on the brain lipidomic profile and metabolic pathways. Repeated cefepime treatment time-dependently caused anxiety-like behaviors, which were accompanied by reduced locomotor activity in the open field test. Cefepime profoundly altered the lipid profile, acyl chain length, and unsaturation of fatty acids in the corpus striatum, and glycerophospholipids accounted for a large proportion of those significantly modified lipids. In addition, cefepime treatment caused obvious alteration in the lipid-enriched membrane structure, neurites, mitochondria, and synaptic vesicles of primary cultured striatal neurons; moreover, the spontaneous electrical activity of striatal neurons was significantly reduced. Collectively, cefepime reprograms glycerophospholipid metabolism in the corpus striatum, which may interfere with neuronal structure and activity, eventually leading to aberrant neurobehaviors in mice.

We experimentally design an integrated system composed of a conveyor belt and a posts array, which can simultaneously implement the function of size separation and transportation of disk particles. Differently sized particles through the post array exhibit two types of distinct migration modes that are responsible for the size separation. Furthermore, the dividing line between the two migration modes depends on the critical radius found in experiment. The relationship between the separation efficiency and the length of the post array and the packing fraction of particles is investigated quantitatively. Finally, a simplified model is proposed to predict a critical particle radius which is verified to be in accordance with experimental measurements. This research has a potential application prospect in some fields of industry.

When school-based actions are co-created students often fulfil the role of co-creator as they are the target population. Successful implementation of these school-based actions is very important for its effectiveness and this is mostly done by school staff, which makes them important stakeholders. Hence, school staff should also be involved in the co-creation process. To know how to involve them in a way that aligns with their job obligations, it is essential to investigate how school staff experiences their involvement as co-creator. Therefore, this scoping review aims to answer the following question; in their role as co-creator, what are the experiences of school staff about their involvement in the co-creation school-based actions?

Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) presents a powerful strategy for targeted protein degradation (TPD). The heterobifunctional PROTAC molecule consists of an E3 ligase ligand covalently linked to a protein of interest (POI) via a linker. PROTAC can induce ubiquitinated proteasomal degradation of proteins by hijacking the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system (UPS). This technique has the advantages of broad targeting profile, good cell permeability, tissue specificity, high selectivity, oral bioavailability, and controllability. To date, a growing number of PROTACs targeting gastrointestinal cancers have been successfully developed, and, in many cases, their POIs have been validated as clinical drug targets. To the best of our knowledge, 15 PROTACs against various targets are currently tested in clinical trials, and many more are likely to be added in the near future. Therefore, this paper details the mechanism, research progress, and application in clinical trials of PROTACs, and summarizes the research achievements related to PROTACs in gastrointestinal cancers. Finally, we discuss the advantages and potential challenges of PROTAC for cancer treatment.

The adaptations of omnivorous insects to food are manifested in a multifaceted manner, and the availability of food resources directly determines insect feeding tendencies, which contribute to a complex insect-food relationship and impact insect functionality in the environment. Stable isotope analysis was applied to test the feeding preference and further define the functional role of omnivorous beetles in cropland. Our results confirmed that as an omnivorous beetle, the fungivorous nature of Notoxus trinotatus accounted for a prominent proportion food selection at the adult stage, and more importantly, this dietary feature contributed to the dispersal of the northern corn leaf blight in maize (NLB) during the feeding trials. In addition to the preference for fungi, water supplementation was an essential element extending adult longevity, which directly prolonged the contact time of adults with pathogenic fungi in agricultural fields. Consistent with the herbivorous characteristics of beetles, before the emergence of NLB fungal pathogens, corn tissues served as the main food, which provided the beetles with more opportunities to transmit fungal pathogen propagules. We conclude that the role of N. trinotatus in carrying NLB pathogen is due to its feeding on this plant mycopathogen, and an increased abundance of beetles carrying the pathogen may increase the rate of NLB disease infestation. More focus should be concentrated on the functions of fungivorous beetles, not only as pathogen-transmitting pests, but also as an element among the balanced biotic factors in farmland.

Crystalline symmetry is a defining factor of the electronic band topology in solids, where many-body interactions often induce a spontaneous breaking of symmetry. Superconductors lacking an inversion center are among the best systems to study such effects or even to achieve topological superconductivity. Here, we demonstrate that

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has aroused widespread attention because it can reconstruct a tumor microenvironment and activate antitumor immunity. This study proposes a two-way enhancement of ICD based on a CaO

Flower-visiting insects have co-evolved with flowering plants. While it has been shown that floral traits and environmental factors influence insect visitation during the day, it is still unclear how these factors influence their visitation at night. We sampled a montane meadow located near Jilin in northeastern China in July and August of 2019, for 4 nights each month, and two time periods each night. We sampled 94 flower-visiting insect species in total and documented floral traits and ambient factors. We first allocated all the insects to three functional groups (pollination, predation, and herbivory). Most nocturnal insects exhibited predation behavior, and had the highest species turnover rate. We then focused on environmental factors and found that ambient temperature and relative humidity strongly influenced the diversity of flower-visiting insects. In addition, variation partitioning analysis suggested that ambient temperature had a stronger effect on the flower-visiting insects during the early night hours, whereas relative humidity had a stronger effect on them in the later night hours. Finally, focusing on floral traits, most insects preferred flowers with moderately sized corolla diameters (20 to 30 mm). Furthermore, display size had a strong linear correlation with flower-visiting insect species richness and frequency of presence. In sum, our findings suggest that ambient temperature, relative humidity and floral display size strongly regulate the behavior of nocturnal flower-visiting insects.

Background: Conceptual clarity is needed for co-creation, co-production and co-design by categorising the contemporary theories (including theoretical frameworks) used in each, in the context of public health research. Methods: The reporting of this systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and APA PsycINFO from 2012 as markedly arisen interest in co-creation, co-production and co-design, until March-April 2022. A quality assessment was performed in addition to data extraction for theory content. Results: Of the 3,763 unique references identified through the comprehensive search strategy, 10 articles were included in the review: four articles named co-creation, two articles named co-creation and co-design, two articles named co-production and co-design, and two articles named co-design. Empowerment Theory was employed by two articles, while the other theories were only employed by one article. For the quality assessment, eight articles received a strong rating and two articles received a moderate rating. Conclusions: Based on the few articles included in this review – little progress has been made over the last ten years. Yet the theories described in this review may help to identify theories useful for developing co-creation, co-design and co-production in public health research.

An adaptive neural network (NN)-based finite-time tracking control method is presented for the nonstrict nonaffined nonlinear multi-input–multi-output systems. The hardship of this article is that each subsystem responses to all input variables and any other subsystems of the whole system. Moreover, the uncertainty of the input transition matrix further soars the difficulty of controller design. In this article, NNs are used to approximate these functions with uncertainty automatically. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the controller we designed has proven to be semiglobal finite-time stable, implying that all the tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of the original states in finite time, and the closed-loop system is semiglobal practical finite-time stable. At last, a simulation example is applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.

Carabid beetles, predatory insects, are abundant in forests and sensitive to environmental changes. The distribution patterns and diversity of carabid beetles in several natural forests were studied to provide a basis for evaluating the importance of a forest in the protection of carabid beetle diversity. Carabids were captured by pitfall traps during their seasonal activity from 2012 to 2013 in a poplar-birch forest, ash-walnut forest and broad-leaved Korean pine forest. A total of 5252 individuals, representing 21 species, were collected. Carabid abundance was highest in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest and lowest in the ash-walnut forest. Carabus billbergi Mannerheim and Pterostichus pertinax (Tschitscherine) were the dominant beetle species in each stand. Carabus canaliculatus Adams was dominant in the poplar-birch and ash-walnut forests, and Leistus niger Gebler was dominant in the ash-walnut forest. The carabids were affected differently by stand factors. C. billbergi and P. pertinax was positively correlated with mean DBH. C. canaliculatus and L. niger were not positively correlated with any stand factors. The broad-leaved Korean pine forest with greater age, large DBH and thick leaf litter fostered a high diversity of carabid species. The main yearly activity period for most carabids was during July. Different carabid species responded differently to seasonality, and the activity period of several species was relatively late (August) in the year.

In consideration of offshore oil spill accidents, a mechanical method is a kind of widely used treatment methods to recover spilled oil at sea. It also has the advantages of low cost, convenient use, and environmental friendliness. In order to improve the recovery efficiency and oil content of liquid recovered, a novel mechanical spilled oil recovery philosophy coupling surface vortex and hydrocyclone separation was proposed, and a small-scale prototype was manufactured. Medium crude from Bohai oil field was applied as spilled oil to test the recovery property of the prototype skimmer. The experiment results show that the novel skimmer is able to recover spilled oil effectively on the sea surface and speed up the process of recovery. Pressure of overflow pipe is sensitive to pump frequency, flow rate of inlet, and split ratio. In addition, oil content at the overflow port is influenced by spilled oil amount on the surface and split ratio. Besides, linear relationship is found between the recovery efficiency and the split ratio. The experimental study can provide a technical reference for the treatment of a small amount of spilled oil on the water surface and also has great significance for the design of spilled oil recovery equipment.

The antioxidant enzyme catalase represents an important therapeutic target due to its role in mitigating cellular reactive oxygen species that contribute to the pathogenesis of many disease states. Catalase-SKL (CAT-SKL), a genetically engineered, peroxisome-targeted, catalase derivative, was developed in order to increase the therapeutic potential of the enzyme, and has previously been shown to be effective in combating oxidative stress in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models, thereby mitigating cellular degeneration and death. In the present study we addressed important considerations for the development of an extracellular vesicle-packaged version of CAT-SKL (evCAT-SKL) as a therapeutic for neurodegenerative diseases by investigating its delivery potential to the brain when administered intranasally, and safety by assessing off-target toxicity in a mouse model. Mice received weekly intranasal administrations of evCAT-SKL or empty extracellular vesicles for 4 weeks. Fluorescent labeling for CAT-SKL was observed throughout all sections of the brain in evCAT-SKL-treated mice, but not in empty extracellular vesicle-treated mice. Furthermore, we found no evidence of gross or histological abnormalities following evCAT-SKL or empty extracellular vesicle treatment in a full-body toxicological analysis. Combined, the successful brain targeting and the lack of off-target toxicity demonstrates that intranasal delivery of extracellular vesicle-packaged CAT-SKL holds promise as a therapeutic for addressing neurological disorders.

Background: There is a growing investment in the use of co-creation, reflected by an increase in co-created products, services and interventions. At the same time, a growing recognition of the significance of co-creators’ experience can be detected but there is a gap in the aggregation of the literature with regard to experience. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review is to uncover the breadth of existing empirical research on co-creation experience, how it has been defined, assessed, and its key emotional and psychological characteristics in the context of co-created products, services, or interventions among adults. Methods: The development of the search strategy was guided by the research question, Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology guidelines and through collaboration with members of the Health CASCADE consortium. The results of the search and the study inclusion process will be reported in full and presented both narratively and by use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysesextension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) flow diagram. Comprehensive searches of relevant electronic databases (e.g., Scopus) will be conducted to identify relevant papers. Snowball searches to identify additional papers through included full-text papers will be done using the artificial intelligence tool, namely, Connected Papers. All review steps will involve at least two reviewers. Studies in English, Dutch, Chinese, Spanish and French, published from the year 1970 onwards, will be considered. Microsoft Excel software will be used to record and chart extracted data. Discussion: The resulting scoping review could provide useful insights into adult co-creators’ experience of participating in the co-creation process. An increased understanding of the role of emotional and psychological experiences of participating in co-creation processes may help to inform the co-creation process and lead to potential benefits for the co-creators’ and co-created outcome.

Crohn's disease (CD), a type of inflammatory bowel disease, is a chronic idiopathic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with an increasing global incidence. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is a diet therapy that is effective in the management of active CD with unknown etiology. Lipid metabolism plays an important role in CD and may be associated with EEN treatment. This study compared the plasma lipid profiles before and after EEN in adults with active CD to those of healthy controls (HCs).Eleven adult patients with active CD who received enteral nutrition formula treatment for 12 weeks were included, along with 17 HCs. The profiles of 869 plasma lipid species were measured, and inflammatory and nutrition-associated indices were evaluated in the patients.Nine patients achieved clinical remission following 12 weeks of EEN treatment, and four achieved mucosal healing. Before EEN, 80 lipid species and 17 lipid classes were significantly different between patients with CD and HCs. After EEN treatment, 103 lipid species and 12 lipid classes were significantly different between patients with CD and HCs. Significant changes in 7 lipid classes and 38 lipid species were observed between the pre-EEN induces alterations in multiple lipid classes and species, leading to clinical improvements. Lipid metabolism may be involved in the EEN anti-inflammatory effect.

Spontaneous collective oscillation may emerge from seemingly irregular active matter systems. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a spontaneous population oscillation of active granular particles confined in two chambers connected by a narrow channel, and verify the intriguing behavior predicted in simulation [M. Paoluzzi, R. Di Leonardo and L. Angelani, Self-sustained density oscillations of swimming bacteria confined in microchambers

Objective The overall aim of this scoping review is to describe the co-creation practice used when developing Non-pharmacological Interventions (NPI) for people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Specifically, the review will address the core constructs, methods used, and challenges faced in the co-creation practice in order to aid planning and commissioning of future research. Introduction There is well-documented scientific evidence to prove that NPIs can improve quality of life, slow down deterioration, relieve symptoms, and improve health for people with COPD. In addition to the improvement of patients’ health outcomes, NPIs also reduce health care utilization and the cost burdens associated with COPD. When compared to traditional expert-driven approaches, applying a co-creation process may result in more useable, acceptable, and effective NPIs. However, there is a lack of evidence-informed guidance to incorporate co-creation practice into the development of NPIs for COPD. The literature on reporting co-creation practice in the development of NPIs for COPD deserves close scrutiny to inform future co-creation practice, policy and research in order to improve the quality of care. Inclusion Criteria Studies describing utilizing or/and evaluating co-creation practice in the development of NPIs for people with COPD will be included. Methods This review will follow the methodology proposed by Arksey and O’Malley for scoping reviews and report by PRISMA-ScR framework. The search will include PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection (all editions). Studies will be selected according to a three-step process, including i) managing search results and removing duplicates, ii) title and abstract screening, and iii) full-text screening. Extracted data will be displayed in diagrammatic or tabular format. A narrative summary will accompany the tabulated and/or charted results, describing how the results relate to the review objective and research questions, as well as how the results may inform future co-creation practice in developing NPIs for people with COPD. &nbsp

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease consisting of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Digital Health Interventions (DHIs) can improve COPD patients' self-management. However, the market penetration of DHIs is lower than expected. Using stakeholder mapping, healthcare providers identified opportunities for design and development of sustainable DHIs. Two different stakeholder maps were identified. These maps demonstrated the importance of utilizing structured mapping techniques to understand roles of different stakeholders, and addressing regulatory and practice needs to ultimately support patient self-management.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease consisting of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Digital Health Interventions (DHIs) can improve COPD patients’ self-management. However, the market penetration of DHIs is lower than expected. Using stakeholder mapping, healthcare providers identified opportunities for design and development of sustainable DHIs. Two different stakeholder maps were identified. These maps demonstrated the importance of utilizing structured mapping techniques to understand roles of different stakeholders, and addressing regulatory and practice needs to ultimately support patient self-management.

Alloy nanoparticle-based nanozymes exhibit unique catalytic properties resulting from their tailored atomic coordination numbers and geometric parameters. The development of ultrafine alloy nanozymes is effective for improving their catalytic activities and promoting multifunction. However, it remains a challenge because of the aggregation of alloy nanoparticles resulting from the high surface free energy. This paper reports a strategy for stabilizing ultrafine and uniform CuPd alloy nanoparticles (2.18 ± 0.53 nm) in MIL-101 as a biosensor platform. The steady-state kinetic studies show that CuPd@MIL-101 can serve as a robust peroxidase-like nanozyme with a lower Michaelis constant (Km) than horseradish peroxidase (HRP). H2O2 and glucose were chosen as model targets to develop a sensitive label-free colorimetric method using CuPd@MIL-101. The linear detection of H2O2 in the range of 0.25–700 μM was achieved with a detection limit of 0.043 μM and that of glucose in the linear range of 0.5–400 μM with a detection limit of 0.16 μM. The catalytic activity of CuPd@MIL-101 can remain stable in the dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM) high-glucose medium and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for at least five days. This study provides a meaningful reference for developing ultrafine nanozymes without affecting their stability.

Objective: The objective is to explore the long-term efficacy of total enteral nutrition in the treatment of abdominal abscess in Crohn’s disease. Methods: Patients treated with EEN in our hospital and whose abdominal abscess disappeared after 12 weeks of treatment were included, and the data of abscess recurrence and surgical treatment during follow-up were included. Results: A total of 44 consecutive cases meeting the criteria were included. The 1-year and 2-year recurrence rates were 22.5% and 39.9% respectively. Among the patients with recurrence, 10 patients chose EEN treatment again, and 5 patients received direct surgical treatment. Of the patients who chose to undergo EEN treatment again, 8 still eventually required surgery. The 1-year operative rate was 16.9%, and the 2-year operative rate was 35.6%. The median operative time was 33.3 (95% CI: 21.3, 45.4) months. Conclusions: The 2-year cumulative incidence of recurrence of abdominal abscess in CD patients whose abdominal abscess disappeared after EEN was 39.9%, and the 2-year cumulative surgical rate was 35.6%. The operative stomy rate decreased after EEN, and the primary anastomosis rate increased significantly.