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openaire: EC/H2020/820423/EU//S2QUIP | openaire: EC/H2020/965124/EU//FEMTOCHIP | openaire: EC/H2020/872049/EU//IPN-Bio | openaire: EC/H2020/834742/EU//834742 Funding Information: The authors acknowledge Dr. Pablo Alonso‐González, Dr. Javier Martín‐Sánchez, and Dr. Jiahua Duan (Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo) for valuable discussions and constructive comments, and acknowledge Nanofab Lab @ NCNST for helping with sample fabrication. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFB2205701), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51902065, 52172139, 51925203, U2032206, 52072083, and 51972072), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2202062), and Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDB36000000 and XDB30000000). F.J.G.A. acknowledges the ERC (Advanced Grant 789104‐eNANO), the Spanish MICINN (PID2020‐112625GB‐I00 and SEV2015‐0522), and the CAS President's International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) for 2021. Z.P.S. acknowledges the Academy of Finland (Grant Nos. 314810, 333982, 336144 and 336818), The Business Finland (ALDEL), the Academy of Finland Flagship Programme (320167,PREIN), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (820423,S2QUIP; 965124, FEMTOCHIP), the EU H2020‐MSCA‐RISE‐872049 (IPN‐Bio), and the ERC (834742). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH. Manipulation of the propagation and energy-transport characteristics of sub-wavelength infrared (IR) light fields is critical for the application of nanophotonic devices in photocatalysis, biosensing, and thermal management. In this context, metamaterials are useful composite materials, although traditional metal-based structures are constrained by their weak mid-IR response, while their associated capabilities for optical propagation and focusing are limited by the size of attainable artificial optical structures and the poor performance of the available active means of control. Herein, a tunable planar focusing device operating in the mid-IR region is reported by exploiting highly oriented in-plane hyperbolic phonon polaritons in alpha-MoO3. Specifically, an unprecedented change of effective focal length of polariton waves from 0.7 to 7.4 mu m is demonstrated by the following three different means of control: the dimension of the device, the employed light frequency, and engineering of phonon-plasmon hybridization. The high confinement characteristics of phonon polaritons in alpha-MoO3 permit the focal length and focal spot size to be reduced to 1/15 and 1/33 of the incident wavelength, respectively. In particular, the anisotropic phonon polaritons supported in alpha-MoO3 are combined with tunable surface-plasmon polaritons in graphene to realize in situ and dynamical control of the focusing performance, thus paving the way for phonon-polariton-based planar nanophotonic applications.

[Purpose/significance] Quality assurance is one of the most important procedures in web archiving, it runs throughout the whole web archiving work and affects the success odds of web archiving work. [Method/process] In this article, we made an analysis and comparative study for the quality assurance strategies of domestic and foreign web archiving organizations, and proposed a strategic theoretical framework for data quality assurance. [Result/conclusion] The framework in this article is a data-centered design, it includes a series of criteria and operating specifications, carries out data quality inspection throughout the collecting procedure by using semi-automatic auxiliary tools. Meanwhile, to ensure access to high quality archive data, the framework also takes team building, running environment maintenance and authorized backup to the websites as supplementary means.

Innovation is becoming more and more important in modern society. There is a lot of research on different kinds of innovation. Marketing innovation is one kind of innovation that has not been studied frequently before. One useful definition of marketing innovation is new ways which companies can market themselves to potential or existing customers (Halpern, 2010). This thesis focuses on the implementation process of marketing innovation. The research questions are: Which elements will be helpful or obstructive to the implementation process of marketing innovation? How will these positive or negative aspects affect the implementation of marketing innovation projects? How can the implementation of marketing innovation projects be improved? When implementing marketing innovation projects, compared with product innovation projects, what are the differences and similarities? The thesis is built on a literature study on marketing innovation and a case study of a marketing innovation project in the Chinese pharmaceutical company Guizhou YiBai Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd. A Chinese company is chosen because China‟s innovation practice needs improvement and theories which take China as background to guide the implementation process of innovation. The study shows some key elements for marketing innovation that are worth paying attention to when implementing marketing innovation projects. Examples of these key elements found are; paying attention to the neglected market, suitable segmentation of the market, reliable market information, public relationship, increased customer value, combination of market factors, explore different marketing channels and the use of technology in combination. Especially the use of technology can positively affect the implementation of marketing innovation. This thesis also presents some risks that may occurred in marketing innovation, like cost, uncertainty of market, information leakage, imitation and overdependence on experience. If comparing marketing innovation with product innovation there are many common points, but during the implementation process, the focus is different. A focus on the external environment seems to be more important in marketing innovation implementation. At last, this thesis concludes that the development situation of China‟s innovation practice is immature which is shown by the heavy reliance of experience and not theory in innovation projects. A reason for this is that innovation theory, which is taking the context of China in consideration, is lacking but are highly needed.

The invention provides an edible fiber comprising a biopolymer and a plasticiser; wherein the weight ratio of biopolymer to plasticiser is about 1:0.25 to about 1:3; and wherein the fiber has a diameter of about 0.5 μm to about 1 mm.

The present invention concerns a thermal drawing method for forming fibers, wherein said fibers are made at least from a stretchable polymer. The present invention also concerns drawn fibers made by the process.

The method for drawing a fiber with a textured surface comprises the following steps: - forming of a preform from which the fiber is to be drawn with a textured surface; - addition of an outer layer to the textured preform to preserve the shape of the texture of the preform surface during the drawing operation; - drawing of a fiber from the preform, whereby the fiber keeps the formed texture of the preform surface and - removing the additional outer layer to leave the original surface textured fiber exposed. The obtained fiber can be used as a mold to form a textured hollow channel in another material, as a surface coating and as a pressure detector.

Stretchable optical and electronic fibers constitute increasingly important building blocks for a myriad of applications, particularly in robotics, soft prosthesis, surgical tools and implants, and smart medical textiles. The integration of multi-material architectures and complex functionalities within soft fibers has however for a long time remained difficult to achieve, limiting the performance and functionalities of medical fibers and textiles. In this contribution, we will show how the thermal drawing process used to fabricate optical fibers, and traditionally associated with rigid glasses or thermoplastic, can be applied to a certain class of thermoplastic elastomers. We will demonstrate that optical polymers, liquid metals, and conductive polymer composites could be co-drawn with prescribed architectures within a thermoplastic elastomer cladding. This allowed us to successfully fabricate super-elastic fibers with complex optical as well as electronic functionalities relevant for a myriad of applications in health-care. We will show in particular how such fibers can be used as precise and robust pressure, strain or more generally deformation sensors that can be seamlessly integrated within surgical tools, prosthesis, fabrics or robots. We will also discuss their potential as advanced optical probes, regenerative scaffolds or stimulating implants. This work opens novel opportunities for sensing and monitoring, scaffolds and implants, medical robotics and personalized care.