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A mid-level data fusion coupled with multivariate analysis approach is applied to dual-platform mass spectrometry data sets using Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to determine the correct classification of salmon origin and production methods. Salmon (n = 522) from five different regions and two production methods are used in the study. The method achieves a cross-validation classification accuracy of 100% and all test samples (n = 17) have their origins correctly determined, which is not possible with single-platform methods. Eighteen robust lipid markers and nine elemental markers are found, which provide robust evidence of the provenance of the salmon. Thus, we demonstrate that our mid-level data fusion - multivariate analysis strategy greatly improves the ability to correctly identify the geographical origin and production method of salmon, and this innovative approach can be applied to many other food authenticity applications.

Intravascular hemolysis can result in hemoglobinuria with acute kidney injury in fish after antiparasitic treatment. The objective of this work was to study the cumulative effect of organophosphate azamethiphos on clinical chemistry, tissue histopathology and proteome expression in rainbow trout grown in a commercial farm, to determine its effect on health status after repeated treatments. In this study we systematically explored fish as an animal model and we compared the results from a study using multilevel approach in order to identify hemoglobinuria­triggered damage pathways. The tissue damage after the treatments showed increased deposits of hemosiderin in kidney and spleen. Tubule cells of hemolytic animals demonstrated enhanced iron deposits. Conformation proteome analysis revealed decreased haptoglobin in fish serum. Results from this study indicate the possible impact of azamethiphos treatment on trout health through intravascular hemolysis caused by the treatment, and consequently from pathophysiologic process of hemoglobin metabolism and its products causing chronic kidney injury from iron deposits. Specifically, the important aspect of this study is the fact that it evaluates the importance of toxic potential from excessive red blood cells breakdown. Impact of active iron accumulated in different organs from physiological processes is the first report of that kind in fish that can seriously impair normal function. In addition, this study enabled validation of serum clinical chemistry assessment based on variety of different endpoints. This experiment confirmed that free heme is a likely to trigger of tubule barrier deregulation and oxidative cell damage reinforcing the hypothesis that uncontrolled free heme could trigger significantprotein value response as an important pathway of renal injury during intravascular hemolysis.

We have measured parity-violating asymmetries in elastic electron-proton and quasielastic electron-deuteron scattering at Q2=0.22 and 0.63 GeV2. They are sensitive to strange quark contributions to currents in the nucleon and the nucleon axial-vector current. The results indicate strange quark contributions of ≲10% of the charge and magnetic nucleon form factors at these four-momentum transfers. We also present the first measurement of anapole moment effects in the axial-vector current at these four-momentum transfers.

We measured the lifetime and the mesonic and nonmesonic decay rates of the Λ4He hypernucleus. The hypernuclei were created using a 750 MeV/c momentum K- beam on a liquid 4He target by the reaction 4He (K-,π-)Λ4He. The Λ4He lifetime was directly measured using protons from Λp→np nonmesonic decay (also referred to as proton-stimulated decay) and was found to have a value of τ=245±24 ps. The mesonic decay rates were determined from the observed numbers of π-'s and π○'s as Γπ-/Γtot=0.270±0.024 and Γπ○/Γtot=0.564±0.036, respectively, and the values of the proton- and neutron-stimulated decay rates were extracted as Γp/Γtot=0.169±0.019 and Γn/Γtot⩽0.032 (95% CL), respectively. The effects of final-state interactions and possible three-body ΛNN decay contributions were studied in the context of a simple model of nucleon-stimulated decay. Nucleon-nucleon coincidence events were observed and were used in the determination of the nonmesonic branching fractions. The implications of the results of this analysis were considered for the empirical ΔI=1/2 rule and the decay rates of the Λ4H hypernucleus.

When seeking solutions to social issues, we must look to new horizons but stay true to our values.

International audience; Abstract - The drive to implement unconventional gas drilling by means of hydraulic fracturing in United Kingdom (UK) has been a major issue of concern due to the potential environmental and health impacts. This paper is aimed at examining the following: what triggers the need for the unconventional gas; the process of unconventional gas through hydraulic fracturing method; the potential risks of hydraulic fracturing to the environment and to human health; key success factors for implementing hydraulic fracturing; possible options in fluids to go greener from the traditional approach; pros and cons of the various fluid options to ascertain their sustainability. It also presents a project methodology for hydraulic fracturing and discusses what needs to be determined before it is implemented in the UK.

This dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary approach to ask why in Senegal, home of president-poet Léopold Sédar Senghor and host to two World Black Arts Festivals, theater appears so drastically reduced from the heights of what critics consider the "Golden Age" of Culture of the 1960s and 70s. In fact, theatrical production within this country has become something of a blind spot in the fields of Literary and Performance Studies, since textual analyses and performance fieldwork both prove essential to understanding how theatrical practice is conceived, produced and transmitted within this West African country and former colony. From a contemporary perspective, written texts for stage production, especially published ones, are scant and rarely come to performance, a fact that has called many to declare the apparent death of theatrical practices in Senegal. However, research on the ground reveals that the very term theater takes on a rather different meaning within this country, generally encompassing a more popular, community-based approach and often displaying an unreserved and conscious embrace of non-textual, collective and at times seemingly plagiaristic approaches to drama. Here we will explore archival material and oral histories, using performance fieldwork and textual analysis to discover how artists and performers have come to craft the Senegalese stage - official and otherwise - as it exists today. This will include a discussion of the influence of pedagogical discourses and disputing models of Culture in Senegalese theater, as well as how these are circumvented through performance. This work focuses on pivotal places and events in the crafting of the Senegalese stage, with chapters on pedagogical reform and performance at the Ecole William Ponty; Léopold Sédar Senghor and André Malraux's complementary views and uses of Culture and the staging of these through the theater of the 1966 Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres in Dakar, as read against the 1969 Festival Panafricain d'Alger; as well as contemporary efforts to craft a subversive and activist form of theater operating along global and transnational networks.

In addition to his better known novels, Vladimir Nabokov also published sixty-five short stories in Russian, French and English His penultimate English short story, ‘The Vane Sisters', was written in 1951. Nabokov himself regarded this tale as being one of his three best efforts in this genre. `The Vane Sisters' is an attempt by Nabokov to look into the world of spiritualism through the eyes of a somewhat obtuse French professor who tends to focus on the details of life around him while missing all the meaning and significance behind many of those details. The story demonstrates the author’s amazing descriptive abilities to capture an image or a moment as he both records and relates all the hidden surprises of a sunny day in a snowy, rural New York college town. The story is carefully told by the French professor who prides himself in having a sharp eye and extremely accurate visual sense. In addition, to physical details that surround him, the narrator also finds great satisfaction in noticing the little secrets and scandals of all the people that cross his path in life. He is always serenely satisfied with himself and condescendingly critical of others. He happens to become involved with two sisters who both ironically die in the story. One of the sisters was his French student who committed suicide after a failed love affair. The other is her older sister who tried to get the narrator to stop the affair and later died from some unknown cause. The older sister had a strong belief in the spiritual world of afterlife and beyond. Her relationship with the author after her sister’s suicide has had a strong influence on the narrator but he cannot fully understand to what extent since he is unable to see the hidden meanings in the signs and symbols that surround him. ‘The Vane Sisters’ is a great example of Nabokov’s artistic purpose and objectives regarding fiction in general and the short story in particular. Nabokov shows meticulous attention to the details of the outer world, and a clear eye for the inner world of human desire, despair and compulsion. In this story, Nabokov also provides the reader with a promise of the existence of something that lies beyond the world of sight, sound and perception. This story is told on different levels at the same time. It is a pleasant experience for the reader to slowly discover that the main story has been woven into the superficial one that the reader encounters on the surface level. Nabokov allows the reader to speculate with him on the nature of a spiritual world that seems to pervade his story yet constantly remains elusive. The Key to the story is quite interestingly found in the last paragraph which helps us to solve the mysterious spiritual message that the narrator has been searching for from the deceased sisters.

We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry An in the elastic scattering of 1–3 GeV transversely polarized electrons from H1 and for the first time from He4, C12, and Pb208. For H1, He4, and C12, the measurements are in agreement with calculations that relate An to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude including inelastic intermediate states. Surprisingly, the Pb208 result is significantly smaller than the corresponding prediction using the same formalism. These results suggest that a systematic set of new Anmeasurements might emerge as a new and sensitive probe of the structure of heavy nuclei.

The parity-violating cross-section asymmetry in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from unpolarized protons has been measured at a four-momentum transfer squared Q2=0.624 GeV2 and beam energy Eb=3.48 GeV to be APV=−23.80±0.78(stat)±0.36(syst) parts per million. This result is consistent with zero contribution of strange quarks to the combination of electric and magnetic form factors GsE+0.517GsM=0.003±0.010(stat)±0.004(syst)±0.009(ff), where the third error is due to the limits of precision on the electromagnetic form factors and radiative corrections. With this measurement, the world data on strange contributions to nucleon form factors are seen to be consistent with zero and not more than a few percent of the proton form factors.

We use distorted wave electron scattering calculations to extract the weak charge form factor FW(q¯), the weak charge radius RW, and the point neutron radius Rn of 208Pb from the Lead Radius Experiment (PREX) parity-violating asymmetry measurement. The form factor is the Fourier transform of the weak charge density at the average momentum transfer q¯=0.475 fm−1. We find FW(q¯)=0.204±0.028(exp)±0.001(model). We use the Helm model to infer the weak radius from FW(q¯). We find RW=5.826±0.181(exp)±0.027(model)fm. Here the experimental error includes PREX statistical and systematic errors, while the model error describes the uncertainty in RW from uncertainties in the surface thickness σ of the weak charge density. The weak radius is larger than the charge radius, implying a “weak charge skin” where the surface region is relatively enriched in weak charges compared to (electromagnetic) charges. We extract the point neutron radius Rn=5.751±0.175(exp)±0.026(model)±0.005(strange)fm fromRW. Here there is only a very small error (strange) from possible strange quark contributions. We find Rn to be slightly smaller than RW because of the nucleon's size. Finally, we find a neutron skin thickness of Rn−Rp=0.302±0.175(exp)±0.026 (model) ± 0.005 (strange) fm, where Rp is the point proton radius.

We report the first measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry APV in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from Pb208. APV is sensitive to the radius of the neutron distribution (Rn). The result APV=0.656±0.060(stat)±0.014(syst) ppm corresponds to a difference between the radii of the neutron and proton distributions Rn−Rp=0.33+0.16−0.18 fm and provides the first electroweak observation of the neutron skin which is expected in a heavy, neutron-rich nucleus.

We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetries in elastic scattering of transversely polarized electrons from the proton, and performed the first measurement in quasielastic scattering on the deuteron, at backward angles (lab scattering angle of 108°) for Q2=0.22 GeV2/c2 and 0.63 GeV2/c2 at beam energies of 362 and 687 MeV, respectively. The asymmetry arises due to the imaginary part of the interference of the two-photon exchange amplitude with that of single-photon exchange. Results for the proton are consistent with a model calculation which includes inelastic intermediate hadronic (πN) states. An estimate of the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry for the scattering from the neutron is made using a quasistatic deuterium approximation, and is also in agreement with theory.

The electric form factor of the neutron was determined from studies of the reaction 3He⃗(e⃗,e′n)pp in quasielastic kinematics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. Longitudinally polarized electrons were scattered off a polarized target in which the nuclear polarization was oriented perpendicular to the momentum transfer. The scattered electrons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer in coincidence with neutrons that were registered in a large-solid-angle detector. More than doubling the Q2 range over which it is known, we find GEn=0.0236±0.0017(stat)±0.0026(syst), 0.0208±0.0024±0.0019, and 0.0147±0.0020±0.0014 for Q2=1.72, 2.48, and 3.41 GeV2, respectively.

The bound-state level structures of the Λ16O and Λ15N hypernuclei were studied by γ-ray spectroscopy using a germanium detector array (Hyperball) via the 16O (K-,π-γ) reaction. A level scheme for Λ16O was determined from the observation of three γ-ray transitions from the doublet of states (2-,1-) at ~6.7 MeV to the ground-state doublet (1-,0-). The Λ15N hypernuclei were produced via proton emission from unbound states in Λ16O. Three γ rays were observed, and the lifetime of the 1/2+;1 state in Λ15N was measured by the Doppler shift attenuation method. By comparing the experimental results with shell-model calculations, the spin dependence of the ΛN interaction is discussed. In particular, the measured Λ16O ground-state doublet spacing of 26.4±1.6±0.5 keV determines a small but nonzero strength of the ΛN tensor interaction.

In the past decade researchers began to remedy a literature deficit in the study of broadcasting institutions – addressing in particular the issues of labour process, restructuring and industrial relations. This thesis which considers management change, industrial relations and restructuring within the United Kingdom (‘UK’) broadcasting industry employs a case study format with a view to highlighting the variations of industry (macro) and firm (micro) based restructuring. Organizational change was not a uniform process throughout the UK broadcasting industry and significantly different strategies were developed by management within the two main terrestrial broadcasters – in particular in attempting to fundamentally alter the organization of programme production. The labour process and experience of employees and owner-managers within the independent production sector was also distinguishable as between the two main UK terrestrial broadcasters. In order to provide a theoretical underpinning to the empirical studies which form the centrepiece of this thesis, the four themes of contemporary labour process theory are explored. These contributions are included because examinations undertaken of labour processes have resulted in critical insights as to the nature of management and labour relationships. Together with firm based organizational restructuring of the broadcasting industry, the past 25 years have seen very significant regulatory change consequent on a variety of legislative initiatives and which are set out. The case studies begin with the wide-scale restructuring of industrial relations within the Independent Television (‘ITV’) sector since 1979 (Chapter 4). The second case study (Chapter 5) is concerned with the implementation of a set of managerial strategies aimed at reshaping the labour processes within the Central Scotland ITV franchise – Scottish Television Ltd. (‘STV’). Chapter 6 deals with the implementation of new working practices and what might be described as an attack on employee identity within BBC Scotland. The restructuring of the Corporation along quasi-commercial lines with specific reference to the employment of the directorate (distinct business units) system is examined. The final case study (Chapter 7) is an examination of the independent production sector tracing the emergence of a group of Producer Owners (independent production company owners) who emerged during the first half of the 1990s and who have since become a significant force in British television production. This study also traces the development of the career and networking labour of the group of individuals employed on short-term contracts by the independent production company owners.

We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic scattering of transversely polarized 3 GeV electrons from unpolarized protons at Q2=0.15, 0.25 (GeV/c)2. The results are inconsistent with calculations solely using the elastic nucleon intermediate state and generally agree with calculations with significant inelastic hadronic intermediate state contributions. An provides a direct probe of the imaginary component of the 2γ exchange amplitude, the complete description of which is important in the interpretation of data from precision electron-scattering experiments.

Secreted peptide ligands are known to play key roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and environmental responses. However, phenotypes for surprisingly few such genes have been identified via loss-of-function mutant screens. To begin to understand the processes regulated by the CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/ESR (CLE) ligand gene family, we took a systems approach to gene identification and gain-of-function phenotype screens in transgenic plants. We identified four new CLE family members in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome sequence and determined their relative transcript levels in various organs. Overexpression of CLV3 and the 17 CLE genes we tested resulted in premature mortality and/or developmental timing delays in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Overexpression of 10 CLE genes and the CLV3 positive control resulted in arrest of growth from the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Overexpression of nearly all the CLE genes and CLV3 resulted in either inhibition or stimulation of root growth. CLE4 expression reversed the SAM proliferation phenotype of a clv3 mutant to one of SAM arrest. Dwarf plants resulted from overexpression of five CLE genes. Overexpression of new family members CLE42 and CLE44 resulted in distinctive shrub-like dwarf plants lacking apical dominance. Our results indicate the capacity for functional redundancy of many of the CLE ligands. Additionally, overexpression phenotypes of various CLE family members suggest roles in organ size regulation, apical dominance, and root growth. Similarities among overexpression phenotypes of many CLE genes correlate with similarities in their CLE domain sequences, suggesting that the CLE domain is responsible for interaction with cognate receptors.

The reaction p̅ p→Λ̅ Λ→p̅ π+pπ- has been measured with high statistics at a beam momentum of pp̅ =1.637GeV/c. The use of a transversely polarized frozen-spin target combined with the self-analyzing property of Λ/Λ̅ decay allows access to unprecedented information on the spin structure of the interaction. The most general spin-scattering matrix can be written in terms of 11 real parameters for each bin of scattering angle; each of these parameters is determined with reasonable precision. From these results, all conceivable spin correlations are determined with inherent self-consistency. Good agreement is found with the few previously existing measurements of spin observables in p̅ p→Λ̅ Λ near this energy. Existing theoretical models do not give good predictions for those spin observables that had not been previously measured.

We have measured parity-violating asymmetries in elastic electron-proton scattering over the range of momentum transfers 0.12≤Q2≤1.0 GeV2. These asymmetries, arising from interference of the electromagnetic and neutral weak interactions, are sensitive to strange-quark contributions to the currents of the proton. The measurements were made at Jefferson Laboratory using a toroidal spectrometer to detect the recoiling protons from a liquid hydrogen target. The results indicate nonzero, Q2 dependent, strange-quark contributions and provide new information beyond that obtained in previous experiments.

Article published in the Michigan State University School of Law Student Scholarship Collection.

Vietnam has been undergoing economic reform since 1986. An important part of that reform has been a re-examination of the role of the courts and the bureaucracy in the resolution of disputes. Vietnam’s leadership has expressed the need to create rule by law in accordance with market principles as opposed to the rule of the bureaucracy that marked the centrally planned economies. The movement from the rule of the bureaucracy to rule by law is not necessarily a fast or an easy one. In the case of Vietnam, the ongoing tensions between the system that is hoped for and the system as it currently exists often create perverse or simply unexpected outcomes. On the one hand, domestic businessmen and parties to disputes seem to have been able to quickly understand the lay of the land in the gray area between rule by law and the rule of the bureaucracy. That understanding implies an ability to navigate the ‘system’ and an ability to navigate it with a certain degree of accuracy and reasonable expectation of achieving an outcome. This paper attempts to describe the gray area and how parties are able to navigate the system in Vietnam., Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2002)

The formalism describing the scattering of two spin-1/2 objects is reviewed for the case of antilambda-lambda production from antiproton-proton annihilation. It is shown that an experiment utilizing a transverse target polarization can, in principle, completely determine the spin structure of the reaction. Additional measurements, even those using both beam and target polarizations, would not be sensitive to any additional spin dynamics. Thus, the transverse target polarization allows access to the complete set of spin observables, not just the subset upon which the literature has previously focused. This discussion is especially relevant in light of the data collected by PS185/3 at LEAR., 7 pages, no figures

BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) is a new wireless communication technology that, thanks to reduced power consumption, promises to facilitate communication between computing devices and help us harness their power in environments and contexts previously untouched by information technology. Museums and other facilities housing various cultural content are a particularly interesting area of application. The University of Cambridge Museums consortium has put considerable effort into researching the potential uses of emerging technologies such as BLE to unlock new experiences enriching the way we engage with cultural information. As a part of this research initiative, our ambition has been to examine the challenges and opportunities introduced by the introduction of a BLE-centred system into the museum context. We present an assessment of the potential offered by this technology and of the design approaches that might yield the best results when developing BLE-centred experiences for museum environments. A pivotal part of our project consisted of designing, developing and evaluating a prototype mobile location-based BLE-centred game. A number of technical problems, such as unstable and fluctuating signal strength, were encountered throughout the project lifecycle. Instead of attempting to eliminate such problems, we argued in favour of embracing them and turning them into a cornerstone of the gameplay. Our study suggested that this alternative seamful design approach yields particularly good results when deploying the technology in public environments. The project outcome also demonstrated the potential of BLE-centred solutions to reach out and engage new demographics, especially children, extending their interest in museum visits.

In his seminal work on social contract theory, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes described the anarchic pre-societal condition of the state of nature. In this predicament – aptly named as “the war of all against all” – people lived poor, short and brutish lives. The dystopian world simulated in the survival horror game DayZ mirrors this natural state of man. The game invites players to roleplay survivors of a zombie apocalypse. The present paper examines the factors contributing to pervasive violence, moral ambiguity and degeneration of human condition, which are prominent features of DayZ’s gameplay. The article will situate DayZ into the context of Hobbesian state of nature and explicate elements that render this hypothetical condition perpetual. nonPeerReviewed