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The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite was launched on 13 October 2017 to provide the atmospheric composition for atmosphere and climate research. The S5P is a Sun-synchronous polar-orbiting satellite providing global daily coverage. The TROPOMI swath is 2600 km wide, and the ground resolution for most data products is 7.2×3.5 km2 (5.6×3.5 km2 since 6 August 2019) at nadir. The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) is responsible for the development of the TROPOMI UV algorithm and the processing of the TROPOMI surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation product which includes 36 UV parameters in total. Ground-based data from 25 sites located in arctic, subarctic, temperate, equatorial and Antarctic areas were used for validation of the TROPOMI overpass irradiance at 305, 310, 324 and 380 nm, overpass erythemally weighted dose rate/UV index, and erythemally weighted daily dose for the period from 1 January 2018 to 31 August 2019. The validation results showed that for most sites 60 %–80 % of TROPOMI data was within ±20 % of ground-based data for snow-free surface conditions. The median relative differences to ground-based measurements of TROPOMI snow-free surface daily doses were within ±10 % and ±5 % at two-thirds and at half of the sites, respectively. At several sites more than 90 % of cloud-free TROPOMI data was within ±20 % of ground-based measurements. Generally median relative differences between TROPOMI data and ground-based measurements were a little biased towards negative values (i.e. satellite data < ground-based measurement), but at high latitudes where non-homogeneous topography and albedo or snow conditions occurred, the negative bias was exceptionally high: from −30 % to −65 %. Positive biases of 10 %–15 % were also found for mountainous sites due to challenging topography. The TROPOMI surface UV radiation product includes quality flags to detect increased uncertainties in the data due to heterogeneous surface albedo and rough terrain, which can be used to filter the data retrieved under challenging conditions.

Fluoride concentration was determined in rainwater, ground water and soil in the zone of fertilizer industry in the city of Rio Grande. In contaminated rainwater fluorine concentration was registered up to the value of 4,4 mg.L-1. Fluorine concentration in the shallow ground water in general reflects its distribution in the atmosphere, but cannot be used as marker of atmosphere contamination in the urban area due to dissolving influence of residential effluents. The 0,01% HCl extracts from the set of surface soil samples demonstrates fluoride distribution in the zone of influence of industrial emissions, which coincides to the numerical simulation of fluorides dispersion in the air.

Intravascular lymphoma is a rare subtype of extranodal Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Its prognosis is poor in a high percentage of cases due to its insidious appearance and low clinical suspicion. Its diagnosis is usually only reached after an autopsy. It may affect different organs as a whole or only one organ. It is extremely rare that the lung is the only damaged organ. Its diagnosis depends of the clinician's suspicion and proper evaluation with imaging studies as well as correct selection of the organ to be biopsied. When detected on time, the treatment of choice is a combination of a series of chemotherapy associated to a monoclonal antibody (anti-CD20). We present the case of a male patient who underwent a positron emission tomography-computed tomography with 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2 deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) due to symptoms suggestive of a lymphoproliferative disease with no clear structural abnormalities. The images led to a diagnosis of pulmonary intravascular large B cell lymphoma.

The increasing use of high fields in Magnetic Resonance Systems poses new challenges for their operation within safety limits. At high frequencies, electromagnetic fields induce current densities that may damage the organs to be imaged. These eddy currents are transformed in heat via the Joule’s effect causing possible severe damage in tissues and organs. The electric field effects in a rat’s brain were studied from numerically computed induced currents using a pixel‐based model. Numerical simulations were calculated solving the Maxwell's equations with a Finite Element Method for a circular‐shaped coil and the pixel model of a rat's brain. Simulations of the electric field were computed and graphically displayed as bi‐dimensional transversal images. Profiles of current density as a function of position for four different frequencies were computed from the simulations. An increment of the induced currents can be appreciates at the surface of the brain, and it vanished towards the centre.

A fundamentally new concept is being explored for cryogenic operation of the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF). In this concept, the helium dewar and instruments would be launched at liquid helium temperature while the telescope and external radiation shields are at room temperature. Once on-orbit, the telescope and the radiation shields would be cooled radiatively to about 70 K. Helium vapor is then used to bring the telescope down to its final operating temperature of 5.5 K. We present a design which meets SIRTF requirements and discuss its merit.

Results of laboratory and field studies showed that adults of Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, captured in Leggett traps baited with grandlure or collected from surface leaf litter and duff during the non-cotton season (September to April) of 1978–1979 and 1979–1980 in a subtropical area near Brownsville, Tex., were unique in that they remained physiologically active throughout the winter. Boll weevils were trapped even on days when minimum temperatures were as low as 1.5°C. Females caught during the fall remained sexually mature, mated, and stored viable sperm in their spermatheca, but egg hatch was not observed under laboratory conditions (artificial diet) during ca. 2 months in the winter. However, these females oviposited fertile eggs when fed for at least 10 days with fresh cotton squares. Catches of teneral weevils were very common throughout the winter, an indication that weevils could remain reproductive through the winter when proper nourishment was available from cotton regrowths or seedling plants in unattended or abandoned fields.

Male pupae of Heliothis virescens (F.) reared on diets containing 0.1% (wt/vol) reserpine and then exposed to 15 or 20 krad of gamma irradiation, all substerile doses for the strain, gave rise to P1 males that transmitted delayed sterility to their F1 and F2 progeny. This delayed sterility had its greatest expression in the F1 ♀ progeny. Irradiation of the ♂ pupae with 10, 15, 20 or 25 krad adversely affected the emergence of F1 females, and the greater the dose, the fewer females produced. Oviposition, egg fertility, and the number of F1 progeny produced per female were not dependent on mating frequency.

Five insect growth regulators (IGR's) applied as sprays to cotton in field cages had a pronounced juvenilizing effect on larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). The F1 generation averaged 20, 17, and 14 days longer, respectively, than the control when larvae developed on plots treated with A13-70119 ( E )-4-[(6,7-epoxy-3-ethyl-7-methyl-2-nonenyl)oxy]-1,2-(methylenedioxy) benzene, A13-70356 (1-chloro-4-[6,7-epoxy-3, 7-dimethyl-2-nonenyl)oxy] benzene (mixed isomers)), and A13-33972 (methyl 10,11-epoxy-7-ethyl-3,11-dimethyl-2,6-tridecadienoate). Also, the fecundity of the F2 generation was reduced as a result of treatment with A13-70350 (ethyl 10,11-epoxy-3,7,10,11-tetramethyl-2,6-dodecadienoate) and A13-703S6, since fewer F2 larvae were found in plots treated with A13-70356. Although the F3 egg population was higher in plots treated with A13-70119 than in other plots, no small larvae were found in these plots. Since these IGR's did not appear to affect parasitization of Trichogramma sp., or cause the tobacco budworm to be sterile, they may be compatible with this parasite and might perhaps have potential in an integrated control program.

Female Heliothis virescens (F.) sterilized with a combination of substerile doses of reserpine (0.1% wt/v) and gamma irradiation (10 and 15 krad) competed on an equal basis with untreated females for untreated males. The observed percent reduction in hatch of eggs when the ratios of treated to untreated adults was 0:1, 1:1, 4:1, 9:1, and 19:1 was generally comparable to or exceeded the theoretical percentage, especially at the higher dose of irradiation. Collections in light traps showed no differences in the flight potential or mating frequency between untreated moths and moths reared as larvae on diets containing 0.1 reserpine with or without Calco® Red dye (0.0625% wt/v) and later irradiated as pupae with 7-5 krad. The distribution of reserpine in the test diets was homogenous, based on the observed biological activity of the treated insects.

Newly emerged adult Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), when exposed to 25 or more krad of gamma irradiation and allowed to mate with untreated insects of the opposite sex, produced no fertile adult progeny. First and 2nd-filial-generation adults from adults treated with 5-18 krad exhibited varying degrees of sterility. This feature was not so pronounced in the 3rd, filial-generation adults. Irradiation of mated females at 10 to 30 krad gave results similar to those of mating of males and females irradiated at these dosages prior to their mating.

When a new formulation of the β-exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner of the International Minerals and Chemical Corporation (IMC 10,001) was tested against Heliothis virescens (F.), it was about 1/5 as toxic to neonate larvae as a preparation of the θ-endotoxin that had a potency of 16,000 international units/mg. Its primaly anion against larvae less than 4 days old was insecticidal; larvae that survived emerged as normal adults. However, when IMC 10,001 was incorporated into the diet of 4- or 8-day-old larvae, the length of the proboscis was reduced in those animals surviving to adulthood. When a spray of the formulation containing 40,000 μg/ml was applied to leaves of cotton plants the biological activity persisted between 6 and 12 days after application.

The LC50 of diflubenzeron, (N-[[(4-chlorophenyl) amino]carbonyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide), for neonate larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), was 1.3 × 10−3% wt/vol when it was incorporated into the diet. The LC50for pupae was 1.3 ×x 10-4%wt/volin the larval diet. With diets containing 1 × 10-2%, 86–100% of the larvae died, and no adults emerged. In a field-cage test following spray applications of diflubenzeron (0.25 lb/acre in 10% cottonseed oil) to cotton plants, 89% of the tobacco budworm larvae were in the 1st or 2nd instar at a time when the check only had 52% in those stages, indication of a retardation of the larval cycle. Also, emergence of F1 boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, from ⅓-grown and full-grown squares was reduced 66 and 27%, respectively.

Sixteen juvenile hormone analogues possessing a common acyclic terpenoid chemical structure but differently arranged moieties were applied topically to Heliothis Virescens (F.), and to cotton plants in the laboratory to determine their hormonal activity on this insect. Certain synthetic hormones affected larval and pupal development, adult eclosion, and fertility of treated insects. Although none were effective enough to be considered practical biocides, several showed potential as chemosterilants.

The sterilizing dose per adult female, pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) was 60 µg of technical metepa applied topically. In laboratory tests, females treated (T) with 30-60 µg/female compared equally with untreated (U) females in mating with males when the ratio of females was 4 T:1 U. In field-cage tests, females treated with 45 µg of metepa (10 T:1 U) controlled only 58% of the population, an indication that they were not fully competitive. Sterile males were fully competitive and reduced the population 90%. However, when the ratio in the field cages of females treated with 30 or 60 µg was 20 T:1 U, populations decreased an estimated 80 and 86%, respectively.

As the ratio of male to female Heliothis virescens (F.) in laboratory cages was increased, fecundity was decreased, numbers of matings per female increased, and numbers of matings per male decreased. The length of time males were confined with females also affected fertility and number of matings. Four pairs of moths held in a lantern globe (6-Iiter volume) were more fecund and mated more frequently than 1, 2, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128 pairs held in the same size globes. Also, when 64 and 128 pairs of moths were kept in the globes, 77% or more of the adults were dead after 72 hours, as compared with a 25% mortality obtained when 1 pair was used.

The Wide Field/Planetary Camera is an imaging system developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the NASA Hubble Space Telescope currently scheduled to be launched in December 1989 aboard the space shuttle. The temperature control design of the instrument utilizes multilayered insulation, electric resistance heaters, aluminum/ammonia heat pipes, thermoelectric coolers, temperature control coatings, and space radiators. A feedback control system maintains stable sensor temperatures. Thermal capacitance maintains stable optics and electronics temperatures during transient conditions. Schedule slips and launch delays have allowed extensive thermal testing of the instrument. Six instrument thermal vacuum tests and a spacecraft thermal vacuum test were performed. Several modifications have been made to the instrument to correct icing and contamination problems that have been discovered during thermal vacuum testing. This paper describes the thermal design, last instrument thermal vacuum test, results, and thermal model correlation.

Field-cage releases of adult female Heliothis virescens (F.) reared on larval diets containing reserpine and irradiated as pupae with 20 krad of gamma irradiation reduced the F1 larval generation ca. 70% from that of the check when the ratio of releases was 9:1 irradiated to unirradiated. Releases of both sexes of irradiated insects at the same ratios reduced F1 larval populations ca. 39%. An additional reduction was obtained when irradiated females were released into populations of F1 moths. The fecundity of P1 and F1 moths was reduced 18 and 28%, respectively, when irradiated females were released once and 33 and 42% when they were released twice.

Thiotepa, a triaziridinyl phosphinic sulfide, was the most effective of 75 compounds evaluated as chemosterilants against the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Thiotepa was applied topically to adults, and it was 4 times more effective against males than females. Females treated with thiotepa and placed in competition with untreated females were competitive at 4, 2, and 1:1 ratios; males handled similarly were competitive at a 1:1 ratio only. However, males treated with thiotepa and untreated males transferred eupyrene sperm equally well to untreated females. Two heteroaromatic aziridines, tretamine (an s-triazine) and 2,6-bis(1-aziridinyl)-pyrazine (a pyrazine), sterilized both sexes when applied topically. The same dose of tretamine sterilized both sexes without inhibiting sexual competitiveness. Pairs of adults from larvae that had been injected or fed with the nonaziridinyl methylenedioxy compound, 5-acetyl-5-[4,5-(methylenedioxy)-2-propylbenzyl]-4,5-dihydrofur-2(3H)-anone, were sterile; pairs composed of treated moths and untreated moths were not.