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This article addresses the issue of implementing and assessing the readiness of territorial and economic systems for digital innovations in the energy industry. To achieve the goal of this research, qualitative and quantitative methods were used, including systemic and comparative analyses, a balanced scorecard (BSC), and statistical data collection and processing methods. The study resulted in a list of indicators for monitoring the readiness of the energy sector for digitization, based on which a balanced scorecard reflecting the readiness of the energy industry in countries and regional industrial complexes (RICs) was developed. A strategic map for assessing the level of readiness of the power industry for digitisation in countries and RICs was constructed using the indicator pool. The uniqueness and novelty of this study lie in the adaptation of a balanced scorecard system, aligned with a country’s or RIC’s development strategy, to determine indicators for assessing the readiness level of the considered entity for digitising the power industry. The authors establish an approach to the overall assessment and subsequent monitoring of the energy industry’s readiness for digitisation in countries worldwide and RICs.

Il condizionamento ischemico remoto (RIC) risulta essere un candidato ideale per essere investigato in uno studio multicentrico volto al trattamento dell'ictus ischemico acuto (AIS). L’ efficacia terapeutica del RIC è stata dimostrata a livello preclinico, come riportato da precedenti studi ottenuti da singoli laboratori; ciò nonostante, gli studi clinici di fase II-III non hanno ancora fornito risultati soddisfacenti. TRICS Basic è definita come la fase preclinica del progetto TRICS, un Trial traslazionale multicentrico di Condizionamento Ischemico Remoto in modelli animali di Ictus Ischemico Acuto, sostenuto dell’Organizzazione Italiana sull’ictus (ISO), che ha previsto la collaborazione di 7 università e centri di ricerca italiani. TRICS Basic è uno studio preclinico multicentrico, randomizzato e consistente, oltre ad essere orientato alla pratica traslazionale. Lo studio include due specie animali (ratti e topi) ed entrambi i generi (maschi e femmine) sono ugualmente rappresentati. Lo scopo di questo progetto è quello di studiare l'efficacia del trattamento RIC in modelli preclinici di ictus ischemico acuto. Tutti gli animali allocati nel gruppo MCAo+ (soggetti ad ictus) sono stati sottoposti allo stesso tempo di occlusione (60min nei topi; 100min nei ratti). In particolare, il trattamento è stato applicato bloccando l'arteria femorale ipsilaterale per 10 minuti nei topi e 20 nei ratti. La valutazione dei risultati è stata eseguita in cieco, sia per quanto riguarda l’outcome funzionale dicotomizzato (risultato primario), che per la quantificazione del volume dell'infarto (risultato secondario) a 48 ore. Anche le analisi statistiche sono state eseguite in cieco e secondo un paradigma intention–to–treat. Durante la fase sperimentale iniziale, è stata effettuata una fase di armonizzazione, includendo tutti i centri coinvolti, al fine di ridurre le differenze di valutazione durante la valutazione neurocomportamentale. Dopo aver raggiunto l'obiettivo di interclass correlation (ICC)=0.60, imposto a priori dal protocollo pre–pubblicato, la vera fase sperimentale ha avuto inizio. La coorte sperimentale è composta da n=206 animali (n=110 topi e n=96 ratti) ma solo n=152 sono stati inclusi nell’analisi finale per il gruppo MCAo+ (n=81 topi; n=71 ratti). I risultati ottenuti hanno dimostrato che il RIC ha un effetto positivo a livello dell’outcome funzionale (+20% nei topi; +18% nei ratti) ed è in grado di ridurre l'area della lesione ischemica (-4,3% nei topi; -26,6% nei ratti) in entrambe le specie analizzate. Nonostante il consistente numero di animali utilizzati in questo studio, rispetto ai precedenti studi preclinici su questo trattamento, non abbiamo raggiunto la significatività statistica nei nostri due outcome principali, se confrontiamo le singole specie animali. Al contrario, analizzando tutti gli animali come un’unica specie, abbiamo ottenuto un risultato significativo in entrambi gli outcome. Ciò suggerisce che, analogamente agli studi clinici, una maggiore dimensione della popolazione avrebbe portato a risultati più significativi per quanto riguarda il miglioramento del deficit neurologico e la riduzione del volume dell’infarto, analizzando le singole specie. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) represents an ideal candidate to enter a multicenter trial for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment, since previous results from single laboratories support its efficacy, but unfortunately phase II–III clinical trials still provided inconclusive results. TRICS–Basic is the preclinical trial in the TRICS project, a multicentre translational Trial of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Acute Ischemic Stroke from the Italian Stroke Organization (ISO) Basic Science network, which consisted in the collaboration of 7 Italian institution. TRICS–Basic is a robust, translationally oriented, multicentre, randomized preclinical trial, which includes two animal species (rats and mice) and both male and female sexes are equally represented. The aim of this project was to investigate the efficacy of RIC treatment in AIS experimental models. All the animals in the MCAo+ groups were subjected to the same time of occlusion (60 min in mice; 100 min in rats). The treatment was applied by clamping the ipsilateral femoral artery for 10 min in mice and 20 min in rats. Blinded outcomes assessment was performed both for dichotomized functional neuroscore (primary outcome) and for infarct volume (secondary outcome) at 48 hours. Statistical analyses were performed in a blind status and according to an intention–to–treat paradigm. During the initial experimental period, we carried out a harmonization phase, including all the involved centres, in order to reduce the assessment bias during the neurobehavioral test evaluation. After we have reached the target of Inter class correlation (ICC) 30.60 imposed a priori by the protocol paper, we started the real experimental phase. The experimental cohort was composed by n=206 animals (n=110 mice and n=96 rats) but only n=168 were allocated in the MCAo+ groups (n=88 mice; n=80 rats) and n=152 animals were included in the study (n=78 mice; n=74 rats). The obtained data showed that RIC improve the good functional outcome (+20% in mice; +18% in rats) and reduce the area of ischemic injury (-4.3% in mice; -26.6% in rats) in both species. Despite the large number of animals used in this study and as compared to previous preclinical studies on RIC treatment, we did not reach the statistical significance in our two major outcomes, if we compare the single species alone. On the contrary, if we combine together all the animals, we obtained a significant result in both the analysed outcomes. This suggest that, similarly to clinical trials, a larger sample size would have resulted in more significant results in the functional and the infarct size outcomes single species analyses.

As 5G becomes more established and faces widespread roll-out, energy consumption of radio access networks around the globe will increase. Since the high-frequency radio waves used in 5G communication has a shorter effective range compared to the waves used in previous generations, 5G networks will require a higher number of radio units to compensate for their reduced range. Since the transmission of radio waves is a costly procedure in terms of energy consumption, this further increases the relevancy of radio equipment when considering solutions for increasing radio access networks' energy efficiency. This thesis has therefore provided a possible solution for increasing the energy efficiency of an O-RAN compliant radio access network by decreasing the energy consumption of its radio units. If a network's radio units are capable of entering a low-power sleep mode whenever they are left idle, i.e. not handling any traffic, the energy efficiency of a network can thus be increased by forcing its radio units to enter sleep mode as often as possible. This can be done by offloading traffic from radio units with little traffic onto other nearby radio units. The handovers required to perform such offloading, however, need to be predicted on the fly somewhere within the network. The solution proposed within this thesis therefore utilizes a component indigenous to the O-RAN architecture called RIC and its functionality-defining xApps which are capable of automatically detecting situations where radio units can be put to sleep as well as handling the offloading procedures. Through testing inside a simulated network, the set of xApps designed as a solution resulted in a potential 20-35% decrease in energy consumption among a radio access network's radio units.

application/pdf, 本稿の前半では、ロシアのウクライナ侵略に関する2014年と2022年の国連安保理および国連総会でのロシア非難決議案に対して、国際社会における機構・連合・組織がどのような対応をとったかについて考察する。投票結果を見ると、すべてにおいて賛成した国と反対した国がある一方で、賛否が割れたところもあった。特に、1回も賛成しなかった国を見ると、その背後にはロシアとの間で何らかの特別な関係があったのではないかと推測される。そこで後半では、エネルギー貿易、武器貿易、農産物貿易の3分野に分けて、どの国のどのようなロシア依存が存在するかについて考察する。特定分野でのロシア依存は、国連総会で1回も賛成しなかった国だけでなく、すべての回で賛成した国の中でも見られる。ロシア非難決議に続く対ロシア制裁への対応にも国家間で違いが見られる。全体的には、武器輸入におけるロシア依存が不賛成の大きな要因となっている一方、エネルギーや農産物へのロシア依存が、全面的な対ロシア経済制裁をためらわせる要因になっている可能性がある。

En este artículo se presenta el modelo conceptual de la norma Records in Contexts (RiC-CM) y la ontología de esta norma (RiC-O), propuestos por el Consejo Internacional de Archivos para el dominio archivístico. Ambas propuestas se despliegan y analizan, y se complementan con algunos comentarios de referentes del área, con el objetivo contribuir a la comprensión de la estructura y al fundamento de RiC y proporcionar un insumo para su evaluación y las dificultades de su implantación práctica. La integración de los archivos digitales con dominios cercanos, como las bibliotecas, galerías y museos, así como objetos de otros dominios con los que tradicionalmente no se relacionaban, incorpora la perspectiva multidimensional y es una oportunidad para desarrollar el ámbito archivístico. Las tecnologías de la web semántica, ontologías, datos enlazados, RDF, SPARQL son un actor infraestructural para construir esa integración y dar cuenta de un cambio en el mundo archivístico insertándolo en la web. La implementación de esta propuesta es un avance hacia la integración, pero plantea desafíos por resolver.

第16回宇宙環境シンポジウム (2019年11月12日-13日. 東京都市大学横浜キャンパス), 横浜市, 神奈川県, The 16th Spacecraft Environment Symposium (November 12-13, 2019. Yokohama Campus, Tokyo City University), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, It has been reported that the MLI and OSR of spacecraft and the insulation layer of the wire harness are charged by high-energy charged particles such as electrons and protons, resulting in operational abnormalities due to electrostatic discharge. In this study, we measured space charge distribution during proton beam irradiation in order to understand the charge accumulation characteristics of space insulating materials by proton beam irradiation. As a result, positive charge accumulation was observed in the sample, and different charge accumulation tendencies were obtained in the proton passage region and the unreachable region. This elephant is thought to be caused by radiation-induced conduction with different origin in each region and the increase in conductivity, and was examined from the accumulated charge amount and distribution., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA1930014001, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-19-009

The Italian Radical Cystectomy Registry (RIC) is an observational prospective study aiming to understand clinical variables and patient characteristics associated with short- and long-term outcomes among bladder cancer (BC) patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). Moreover, it compares the effectiveness of three RC techniques - open, robotic, and laparoscopic.From 2017 to 2020, 1400 patients were enrolled at one of the 28 centers across Italy. Patient characteristics, as well as preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up (3, 6, 12, and 24 months) clinical variables and outcomes were collected.Preoperatively, it was found that patients undergoing robotic procedures were younger (p.001) and more likely to have undergone preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p.001) and BCG instillation (p.001). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity among all patients (55%), and overall, patients undergoing open and laparoscopic RC had a higher Charlson Comorbidities Index (CCI) compared to robotic RC (p.001). Finally, laparoscopic patients had a lower G-stage classification (p=.003) and open patients had a higher ASA score (p.001).The present study summarizes the characteristic of patients included in the RIC. Future results will provide invaluable information about outcomes among BC patients undergoing RC. This will inform physicians about the best techniques and course of care based on patient clinical factors and characteristics.

RAS GTPases are highly conserved proteins involved in the regulation of mitogenic signaling. We have previously described a novel Cullin 3 RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex formed by the substrate adaptor protein LZTR1 that binds, ubiquitinates, and promotes proteasomal degradation of the RAS GTPase RIT1. In addition, others have described that this complex is also responsible for the ubiquitination of classical RAS GTPases. Here, we have analyzed the phenotypes of Lztr1 loss-of-function mutants in both fruit flies and mice and have demonstrated a biochemical preference for their RIT1 orthologs. Moreover, we show that Lztr1 is haplosufficient in mice and that embryonic lethality of the homozygous null allele can be rescued by deletion of Rit1. Overall, our results indicate that, in model organisms, RIT1 orthologs are the preferred substrates of LZTR1., This work was supported by the NCI (1F31CA265066 to AC-N), (R35CA197709 to FM), (K99CA245122 to PC) and the Department of Defense Neurofibromatosis Research Program (W81XWH-20-1-0391 to PC). We thank the UCSF Mass Spectrometry Facility and A L Burlingame for providing MS instrumentation support for this project (funded by the NIH grants P41GM103481 and S10OD016229). GJ and LR-M were funded by grants from the Spanish Government (BFU2017-87244-P, PID2020-119248GB-I00 and Predoctoral contract BES-2015–071486).

Radiation Induced Conductivity (RIC) is the change in conductivity of a material due to bombardment from incident high energy radiation. RIC has consistently been found to follow a standard power law relation, 𝜎𝑅𝐼𝐶(𝑇) = 𝑘𝑅𝐼𝐶(𝑇)Ḋ∆(𝑇), between conductivity, 𝜎𝑅𝐼𝐶 and adsorbed dose rate, Ḋ. 𝑘𝑅𝐼𝐶(𝑇) and ∆(𝑇) are material dependent parameters. Previous RIC models were developed in the 𝑇 → 0 limit. Now expanded models are developed in the low temperature limit (within a few 𝑘𝐵𝑇 of the effective Fermi level) by approximating the Fermi-Dirac equation within a few 𝑘𝐵𝑇 of the effective Fermi level. Derivations are based on seven density of states (DOS) models for highly disordered insulating materials: three monotonically decreasing models within the bandgap (exponential, power law, and linear) and two symmetric peaked models within the bandgap (Gaussian and delta function), plus a limiting case with a uniform DOS for each type. In addition, temperature dependent RIC data is compiled from literature for five polymeric materials used commonly in spacecraft: KaptonTM (polyimide or PI), polyethylenes (PE, low density polyethylene or LDPE, high density polyethylene or HDPE), TeflonTM (polytetrafluoroethylene or PTFE), MylarTM (polyethylene terephthalate or PET), and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). Comparisons are made between compiled data from the literature and Utah State University RIC data, along with pertinent discussion of the results with a focus on the relevance of structural phase transition temperatures on measured RIC values. The second part of this work addresses the serious dearth of pertinent RIC data available needed to make critical design decisions for spacecraft, namely for the current NASA Europa Clipper and Lander missions.

Le mouvement des Gilets Jaunes a remis au gout du jour la voie référendaire comme mode d'expression politique des citoyens et des citoyennes. La revendication du Référendum d'Initiative Citoyenne n'a pourtant pas reçu d'écho favorable au gouvernement qui lui a opposé une conception concurrente, empreinte de rhétorique participative. Guillaume Gourgues examine dans cet article l'enjeu de ces luttes. Du Grand Débat national instauré par l'exécutif au Vrai Débat organisé par un groupe de Gilets Jaunes, c'est bien la redéfinition des frontières entre profanes et professionnels de la politique qui est en jeu.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for 45% of all deaths. Nevertheless, their mortality is decreasing in the last decade due to better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment resources. An important medical instrument for the latter processes is the Electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG is a versatile technique used worldwide for its ease of use, low cost, and accessibility, having evolved from devices that filled up a room, to small patches or wrist- worn devices. Such evolution allowed for more pervasive and near-continuous recordings. The analysis of an ECG allows for studying the functioning of other physiological systems of the body. One such is the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), responsible for controlling key bodily functions. The ANS can be studied by analyzing the characteristic inter-beat variations, known as Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Leveraging this relation, a pilot study was developed, where HRV was used to quantify the contribution of the ANS in modulating cardioprotection offered by an experimental medical procedure called Remote Ischemic Conditioning (RIC), offering a more objective perspective. To record an ECG, electrodes are responsible for converting the ion-propagated action potential to electrons, needed to record it. They are produced from different materials, including metal, carbon-based, or polymers. Also, they can be divided into wet (if an elec- trolyte gel is used) or dry (if no added electrolyte is used). Electrodes can be positioned either inside the body (in-the-person), attached to the skin (on-the-body), or embedded in daily life objects (off-the-person), with the latter allowing for more pervasive recordings. To this effect, a novel mobile acquisition device for recording ECG rhythm strips was developed, where polymer-based embedded electrodes are used to record ECG signals similar to a medical-grade device. One drawback of off-the-person solutions is the increased noise, mainly caused by the intermittent contact with the recording surfaces. A new signal quality metric was developed based on delayed phase mapping, a technique that maps time series to a two-dimensional space, which is then used to classify a segment into good or noisy. Two different approaches were developed, one using a popular image descriptor, the Hu image moments; and the other using a Convolutional Neural Network, both with promising results for their usage as signal quality index classifiers. As doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs) são a principal causa de morte no mundo, res- ponsáveis por 45% de todas estas. No entanto, a sua mortalidade tem vindo a diminuir na última década, devido a melhores recursos na prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento. Um instrumento médico importante para estes recursos é o Eletrocardiograma (ECG). O ECG é uma técnica versátil utilizada em todo o mundo pela sua facilidade de uso, baixo custo e acessibilidade, tendo evoluído de dispositivos que ocupavam uma sala inteira para pequenos adesivos ou dispositivos de pulso. Tal evolução permitiu aquisições mais pervasivas e quase contínuas. A análise de um ECG permite estudar o funcionamento de outros sistemas fisiológi- cos do corpo. Um deles é o Sistema Nervoso Autônomo (SNA), responsável por controlar as principais funções corporais. O SNA pode ser estudado analisando as variações inter- batidas, conhecidas como Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC). Aproveitando essa relação, foi desenvolvido um estudo piloto, onde a VFC foi utilizada para quantificar a contribuição do SNA na modulação da cardioproteção oferecida por um procedimento mé- dico experimental, denominado Condicionamento Isquêmico Remoto (CIR), oferecendo uma perspectiva mais objetiva. Na aquisição de um ECG, os elétrodos são os responsáveis por converter o potencial de ação propagado por iões em eletrões, necessários para a sua recolha. Estes podem ser produzidos a partir de diferentes materiais, incluindo metal, à base de carbono ou polímeros. Além disso, os elétrodos podem ser classificados em húmidos (se for usado um gel eletrolítico) ou secos (se não for usado um eletrólito adicional). Os elétrodos podem ser posicionados dentro do corpo (dentro-da-pessoa), colocados em contacto com a pele (na-pessoa) ou embutidos em objetos da vida quotidiana (fora-da-pessoa), sendo que este último permite gravações mais pervasivas . Para este efeito, foi desenvolvido um novo dispositivo de aquisição móvel para gravar sinal de ECG, onde elétrodos embutidos à base de polímeros são usados para recolher sinais de ECG semelhantes a um dispositivo de grau médico. Uma desvantagem das soluções onde os elétrodos estão embutidos é o aumento do ruído, causado principalmente pelo contato intermitente com as superfícies de aquisição. Uma nova métrica de qualidade de sinal foi desenvolvida com base no mapeamento de fase atrasada, uma técnica que mapeia séries temporais para um espaço bidimensional, que é então usado para classificar um segmento em bom ou ruidoso. Duas abordagens diferentes foram desenvolvidas, uma usando um popular descritor de imagem, e outra utilizando uma Rede Neural Convolucional, com resultados promissores para o seu uso como classificadores de qualidade de sinal.

International audience; Unlike previous mobile networks, 5G New Radio (5G-NR) provides unprecedented exibility in the radio access network (RAN) to support diverse use cases in a multi-tenant environment. In this context, the need for programmability and control through software-de ned radio access networking (SD-RAN) is well established. While the underlying RAN is designed to be ultra exible and lean, existing SD-RAN controllers are either not exible to address all use cases or use a one-size-ts-all approach. In this paper, we present FlexRIC, a exible and e cient software development kit (SDK) that enables to build specialized serviceoriented controllers. FlexRIC has a modular architecture with minimal footprint and is designed with extensibility in mind. We validate the SDK building concrete implementations of two specialized controllers for state-of-the-art 5G use cases: (1) a recursive RAN controller that virtualizes the network to allow multiple tenants to concurrently control and operate their services in a shared infrastructure over the heterogeneous landscape of 5G networks, and (2) an SD-RAN controller providing programmability for multi-radio access technology (RAT) RAN slicing, and ow-based tra c control targeting low-latency communications. The results reveal that FlexRIC reduces the round-trip time by two while incurring 83 % less CPU compared with O-RAN's reference implementation, and uses 10x less CPU and one third of the memory when compared to FlexRAN. Such performance is required to unleash the potential of emerging 5G use cases. CCS CONCEPTS • Networks → Mobile networks; Programmable networks.

This talks shows how photographies can be described and contextualized in an archive. Using the Records in Contexts (RiC)-standard instead of the older standards ISAD(G) and ISAAR(CPF), it is possible to contextualize photos from different perspectives, both in terms of content, geography, but also in terms of publication. The talk usesphotos of theSwiss photographer Werner Nefflen (1919-2014) as an example.

Quatre syndicalistes, deux hommes et deux femmes, débattent sur la manière dont ils se sont situé.es et se situent encore aujourd’hui par rapport au mouvement des Gilets jaunes. Les analyses formulées par les deux syndicalistes de Solidaires et les deux syndicalistes de la CGT ne sont pas toujours convergentes. Et ces différences d’appréciations ne s’expliquent ni par leurs appartenances syndicales ni par les caractéristiques des territoires socio-économiques sur lesquels elles et ils interviennent (l’Ile-de-France, l’Orléanais et le Sud de la Haute Garonne). Selon toute vraisemblance, le mouvement syndical, déjà marqué par ce mouvement social, le sera durablement. The discussion here involves four union leaders (two male and two female) looking at how they have positioned and continue to position themselves vis-a-vis France’s Yellow Jackets movement. The first thing to note is an occasional divergence in the way that the four individuals – two belonging to the Solidaires union and two to the CGT - analyse the situation. Interestingly, their differences cannot be explained by the unions to which they below nor by the particular nature of the socioeconomic regions where they operate (Greater Paris and the areas around Orléans or Toulouse). All signs point to the likelihood that the social movement’s impact on French unions will be permanent. Cuatro sindicalistas, dos hombres y dos mujeres, debaten sobre la manera en que se han situado y se sitúan todavía hoy con respecto al movimiento de los Chalecos amarillos. Los análisis que plantean los dos sindicalistas de Solidaires y los dos sindicalistas de la CGT no siempre convergen. Y estas diferencias de apreciación no se explican ni por sus pertenencias sindicales ni por las características de los territorios socioeconómicos en los cuales ellos y ellas intervienen (Île-de-France, el Orleanesado y el sur de Haute Garonne). Con toda seguridad, el movimiento sindical, ya marcado por este movimiento social, lo estará permanentemente.

Background Previous work has evaluated the effect of remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) in a number of clinical conditions (e.g. cardiac surgery and acute kidney injury), but only one analysis has examined blood pressure (BP) changes. While individual studies have reported the effects of acute bouts and repeated RIC exposure on resting BP, efficacy is equivocal. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of acute and repeat RIC on BP. Methods A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library of Controlled Trials up until October 31, 2020. Additionally, manual searches of reference lists were performed. Studies that compared BP responses after exposing participants to either an acute bout or repeated cycles of RIC with a minimum one-week intervention period were considered. Results Eighteen studies were included in this systematic review, ten examined acute effects while eight investigated repeat effects of RIC. Mean differences (MD) for outcome measures from acute RIC studies were: systolic BP 0.18 mmHg (95%CI -0.95, 1.31; p = 0.76), diastolic BP -0.43 mmHg (95%CI -2.36, 1.50; p = 0.66), MAP -1.73 mmHg (95%CI -3.11, −0.34; p = 0.01) and HR -1.15 bpm (95%CI -2.92, 0.62; p = 0.20). Only MAP was significantly reduced. Repeat RIC exposure showed non-significant change in systolic BP -3.23 mmHg (95%CI -6.57, 0.11; p = 0.06) and HR -0.16 bpm (95%CI -7.08, 6.77; p = 0.96) while diastolic BP -2.94 mmHg (95%CI -4.08, −1.79; p, Highlights • Question: Does acute or repeat remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) lower blood pressure? • Findings: Acute RIC significantly reduced MAP. Repeat RIC significantly reduced DBP and MAP by around 3mmHg. This is clinically meaningful. • Meaning: Repeat RIC is effective in reducing diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures.

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Aim: To assess the efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in patients with ischemic stroke within 9 h of onset, that are not candidates for recanalization therapies.Sample Size Estimates: A sample size of 80 patients (40 in each arm) should yield 80% power to detect a 20% difference in early neurological improvement at 72 h at p = 0.05, two sided.Methods and Design: TRICS-9 is a phase II, multicenter, controlled, block randomized, open-label, interventional clinical trial. Patients recruited in Italian academic hospitals will be randomized 1:1 to either RIC plus standard medical therapy or standard medical therapy alone. After randomization, RIC will be applied manually by four alternating cycles of inflation/deflation 5 min each, using a blood pressure cuff around the non-paretic arm.Study Outcomes: The primary efficacy outcome is early neurological improvement, defined as the percent change in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at 72 h in each arm. Secondary outcomes include early neurologic improvement at 24 and 48 h, disability at 3 months, rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, feasibility (proportion of patients completing RIC), tolerability after RIC and at 72 h, blood levels of HIF-1α, and HSP27 at 24 h and 72 h.Discussion/Conclusion: RIC in combination with recanalization therapies appears to add no clinical benefit to patients, but whether it is beneficial to those that are not candidates for recanalization therapies is still to be demonstrated. TRICS-9 has been developed to elucidate this issue.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04400981.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 relies on cellular RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to replicate and spread, although which RBPs control its life cycle remains largely unknown. Here, we employ a multi-omic approach to identify systematically and comprehensively the cellular and viral RBPs that are involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We reveal that SARS-CoV-2 infection profoundly remodels the cellular RNA-bound proteome, which includes wide-ranging effects on RNA metabolic pathways, non-canonical RBPs and antiviral factors. Moreover, we apply a new method to identify the proteins that directly interact with viral RNA, uncovering dozens of cellular RBPs and six viral proteins. Amongst them, several components of the tRNA ligase complex, which we show regulate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we discover that available drugs targeting host RBPs that interact with SARS-CoV-2 RNA inhibit infection. Collectively, our results uncover a new universe of host-virus interactions with potential for new antiviral therapies against COVID-19., Graphical Abstract, Kamel, Noerenberg, Cerikan and colleagues apply a multi-omic approach to identify the RNA-binding proteins that regulate SARS-CoV-2 infection. They discovered that the complement of RNA-binding proteins heavily remodels upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. They also show that the viral RNA interacts with dozens of cellular and six viral RNA-binding proteins. These host-virus interactions are fundamental for SARS-CoV-2 infection and have great potential for new therapeutic approaches against COVID-19.

В 2021 г. отмечается 20-летний юбилей ШОС и такая же дата в развитии трехстороннего формата «Россия—Индия—Китай» (РИК). Обе структуры являются сегодня важными факторами международной жизни. В связи с юбилеем автор анализирует результаты развития обеих структур, фокусирует внимание на стоящих перед ними вызовах. Делается ряд выводов, которые сводятся к следующему. Одним изглавных мотивов создания ШОС стала необходимость обеспечить в постсоветской Центральной Азии взаимоприемлемый баланс сил, прежде всего между РФ и КНР. Практика российско-китайского взаимодействия в ШОС показывает, что данная задача остается актуальной и сегодня. Вызовами в развитии ШОС являются: слабая экономическая повестка, недостаток заметных многосторонних проектов; определенные различия, существующие между участниками в оценках тех или иных событий или процессов (концепции «Пояс и путь», Индо- Тихоокеанского региона и т. п.). Структура РИК в нынешнем столетии стала одним из инструментов формирования многополярного мира, тем самым доказывая актуальность своего дальнейшего развития. В РИК достаточно успешно продвигается внешнеполитическая повестка. Важную роль играет возможность трехстороннего взаимодействия в рамках ШОС и БРИКС. Однако слабым звеном, так же как и в ШОС, служит отсутствие общих для всей «Большой тройки» экономических и других практических действий. Вызовами для РИК служит «американский фактор», а также риски критического обострения китайско- индийского спора по границе.И ШОС, и РИК, несмотря на нерешенные вопросы, остаются важными для РФ структурами, имеют те или иные возможности для дальнейшего развития., The year of 2021 marks the 20th anniversary of the formation of the SCO and the same date in the development of the Russia-India-China (RIC) trilateral format. Today both structures seem to be important factors in international life. In connection with the anniversaries, the author analyzes the results of the development of both structures, focuses on the challenges they face. Some conclusions are made, which boil down to the following. One of the main motives behind the creation of the SCO has been the need to ensure a mutually acceptable balance of power in post-Soviet Central Asia, primarily between the Russian Federation and the PRC. The practice of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the SCO shows that this task remains relevant today also. The challenges in the development of the SCO are a weak economic agenda, a lack of noticeable multilateral projects, some differences existing among the participants in assessing certain events or processes (the concepts of the Belt and Road, the Indo-Pacific region, etc.). The structure of the RIC in this century has become one of the tools for the formation of a multipolar world and thus proving the relevance of its further development. The RIC is quite successfully selling foreign policy agenda. An important role is played by the possibility of trilateral interaction within the SCO and BRICS. However, the weak link, as well as in the SCO, is the absence of economic and other practical actions and initiatives common for the all “Big three”. The challenges for the RIC are the “American factor”, as well as the risks of a critical aggravation of the Sino-Indian dispute over the border. Both the SCO and the RIC, despite unresolved issues, remain important structures of interaction for the Russian Federation, and have certain opportunities for further development.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation from haploidentical donors using unmanipulated bone marrow and posttransplantation cyclophosphamide has been largely employed to cure high-risk lymphomas. However, the increased incidence of relapse associated with the use of a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen is still considered a concerning issue. The aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen, including thiotepa, cyclophosphamide, and fludarabine, in high-risk lymphoma patients. This was a prospective multicenter study. We enrolled 49 patients, of whom 47 were evaluable. Graft source (bone marrow) and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis were the same for all patients. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients free of disease progression at 1 year. The primary endpoint was met, as 29 out of 47 patients were alive and free of disease at 1 year (1-year progression-free survival, 60%). Forty-five recipients engrafted and achieved full donor chimerism at day 100. The cumulative incidences (CIs) of ANC engraftment at 30 days and platelet engraftment at 60 days were 89% and 83%, respectively. Two patients experienced graft failure. The CIs of day 100 grades 2 to 4 acute GVHD and 2-year moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD were 26% and 16%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 47.5 months (range, 22 to 74), the 4-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 54% and 64%, respectively. The 4-year CI of relapse was 28%, and the 4-year nonrelapse mortality was 15%. Thiotepa-based reduced-intensity conditioning was well tolerated with encouraging survival in a cohort of patients with poor-prognosis lymphoma. Both the incidence of relapse and nonrelapse mortality were acceptable.

In research fields like informetrics or patent research, international comparisons are part of their core business. One class of measures used in such comparisons consists of affinity indices. Here, relations of shares are calculated to express the relation between two actors X and Y. Even though this group of affinity indices already has many members, we think that based on pure logic, they still miss the point. For this reason, we introduce the RIC index. This index compares two shares: the share of actor Y within a given set X to the share of Y within the complement of X. After motivating and introducing this new index, we show some of its basic characteristics, the most interesting one being that increased collaboration between two countries leads to an increase in the value of RIC. Moreover, this index is asymmetric. The RIC index is illustrated with the examples of China and the USA within the global network of collaboration 2000-2020.

Compared with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC), myeloablative conditioning (MAC) is generally associated with lower relapse risk after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, disease-specific risk factors in AML/MDS can further inform when MAC and RIC may yield differential outcomes. We analyzed HCT outcomes stratified by the Disease Risk Index (DRI) in 4387 adults (age 40 to 65 years) to identify the impact of conditioning intensity. In the low/ intermediate-risk DRI cohort, RIC was associated with lower nonrelapse mortality (NRM) (hazard ratio [HR],.74; 95% confidence interval [CI],.62 to.88; P

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in regulating RNA function and fate. However, the full complement of RBPs has only recently begun to be uncovered through proteome-wide approaches such as RNA interactome capture (RIC). RIC has been applied to various cell lines and organisms, including plants, greatly expanding the repertoire of RBPs. However, several technical challenges have limited the efficacy of RIC when applied to plant tissues. Here, we report an improved version of RIC that overcomes the difficulties imposed by leaf tissue. Using this improved RIC method in Arabidopsis leaves, we identified 717 RBPs, generating a deep RNA-binding proteome for leaf tissues. While 75% of these RBPs can be linked to RNA biology, the remaining 25% were previously not known to interact with RNA. Interestingly, we observed that a large number of proteins related to photosynthesis associate with RNA in vivo, including proteins from the four major photosynthetic supercomplexes. As has previously been reported for mammals, a large proportion of leaf RBPs lack known RNA-binding domains, suggesting unconventional modes of RNA binding. We anticipate that this improved RIC method will provide critical insights into RNA metabolism in plants, including how cellular RBPs respond to environmental, physiological and pathological cues.

The variety of archival description standards makes difficult the materialization in applications that comply with all requirements. We find ourselves in this situation on the way of adapting the Odilo A3W solution to a set of standards. That has led us to study the different models to make them compatible with each other and with the technological evolution of A3W. The objective is to explain how the A3W conceptual model has been defined in terms of archival description: entities, relationships and attributes; that is, how the RiC, NEDA, EAD and e-EMGDE standards have been made compatible and how the application has been adapted to incorporate them. This communication constitutes the first phase of a major project. So, at this stage we focused on the analysis of the entity "archival document" and its attributes, in a context of coexistence of paper and electronic document management. This implies the detailed study of the e-EMGDE, NEDA, RiC and EAD specifications. As a result, the archival description attributes associated with the "file document" entity of odiloa3w have been mapped with those defined for the models indicated above.

En esta Tesis Doctoral se realizó la síntesis y análisis del proceso de esterificación y transesterificación con metanol para la obtención de biodiesel a partir de aceites vegetales usados (AVUs). Para realizar los diseños y análisis de alternativas tecnológicas se utilizó la herramienta de simulación que constituye el software Aspen Plus®, utilizando el paquete de propiedades NRTL. Los AVUs se consideraron compuestos principalmente por trilinoleina, trioleina y ácido oleico provenientes del aceite de soja y de girasol. Se estimó una composición de estos triglicéridos de un 75% y 25% para el aceite de girasol y de un 66% y 34% para el aceite de soja, respectivamente, con una acidez libre del 5-6% p/p (expresada en ácido oleico). Para la síntesis de la planta se utilizó un caudal másico de AVUs de 680,7 kg/h. La planta diseñada puede tratar AVUs con un máximo de 14,66% de ácidos grasos libres (AGL). Se diseñaron dos opciones de Redes de Intercambio de Calor (RIC) para el proceso completo de obtención de biodiesel. Opción 1: Aplicar redes de intercambio de calor al proceso de Esterificación y al de Transesterificación por separado, Opción 2: Aplicar integración energética al proceso completo de obtención de biodiesel. La RIC se diseñó, en ambos casos, a partir de dos metodologías diferentes: el método Punto de Pliegue y un modelo de programación no lineal entera mixta. Ambos diseños aportan un ahorro energético de aproximadamente 12%. Se analizó la posibilidad de incorporar una Bomba de Calor y/o un Ciclo Rankine Orgánico; estas alternativas no fueron factibles debido a las temperaturas de la fuente y el sumidero de calor. La mejor alternativa de diseño de Red de Intercambio de Calor se seleccionó mediante un análisis económico diferencial entre las alternativas con y sin RIC. Ambas opciones con integración de calor presentaron un valor VAN mayor que aquellas en las que no se aplicó integración energética, debido fundamentalmente a la disminución en los costos operativos. El valor de VAN para las opciones 1 y 2 fue de US$ 29.821.901 y US$ 26.004.006, respectivamente. Por lo tanto, la Opción 1 resultó ser la alternativa tecnológica económicamente más conveniente. Fil: Laborde, María Fernanda. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Fil: Pagano, Ana M. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería, Argentina. Fil: Serna González, Medardo. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; México. The present Doctoral Thesis synthesizes and analyzes the process of esterification and transesterification with methanol to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oils (WCO). Aspen Plus® software, applying the NTRL properties package, was used to design and analyze different technological alternatives. WCO from soybean and sunflower oil were considered mainly composed by trilinolein, triolein and oleic acid. The composition of these triglycerides was respectively estimated at 75% and 25% in sunflower oil, and at 66% and 34% in soybean oil, while the free acidity was considered at approximately 5-6% w/w (expressed in oleic acid). For the synthesis of the biodiesel plant, a mass flow of 680.7 kg/h WCO of was considered. The designed plant can treat WCO with a maximum of 14.66% free fatty acids (FFA). Two options of Heat Exchange Networks (HENs) were designed for the entire biodiesel production process. Option 1: apply heat exchange networks to the Esterification and Transesterification process separately; Option 2: Apply energy integration to the complete process of obtaining biodiesel. The HEN was designed, in both cases, from two different methodologies: the Pinch method and a mixed integer non-linear programming model. Both designs provide energy savings of approximately 12%. The possibility of incorporating a heat pump and / or an organic Rankine cycle was analyzed; these alternatives were not feasible due to the temperatures of the source and the heat sink. The best heat exchange network design alternative was selected through a differential economic analysis between the alternatives with and without HEN. Both options with heat integration presented a value of NPV greater than those in which no energy integration was applied due to the decrease in operating costs. The value of the VPN for options 1 and 2 was US$ 29,821,901 and US$ 26,004,006, respectively. Therefore, Option 1 proved to be the most economically convenient technological alternative for the process of obtaining biodiesel from WCO.

Актуальность статьи обусловлена тем, что вопрос влияния индийско-американских отношений на динамику и перспективы взаимодействия внутри структуры «Россия-Индия—Китай» (РИК), ставшей в последние годы заметным фактором мировой политики, привлекает внимание политологов с самого начала становления данного трехстороннего формата. Причем отправным пунктом и фактором этого внимания очевидным образом стали политика и позиция США в отношении РИК. В статье анализируется влияние характера и динамики отношений между Индией и США на развитие взаимодействия в диалоговом формате «Россия—Индия—Китай» (РИК). Ставится вопрос: способно ли сближение между Нью-Дели и Вашингтоном разрушить взаимодействие Большой евразийской тройки. Отвечая на него, автор исследует нынешний этап индийско-американских отношений, включая взаимные интересы сторон, ключевые направления их развития, которые были вновь подтверждены в ходе визита президента США в Индию в феврале 2020 г. Акцент делается на геополитических целях США, на глобально-региональных и оборонных задачах обеих стран в регионе Восточной Азии и Индийского океана, где они обеспокоены подъемом Китая. Автор особо останавливается на многовекторной политике Индии, которая в диалоге с США руководствуется, прежде всего, собственными прагматичными интересами. Делается вывод, что отношения между Вашингтоном и Нью-Дели, являясь перманентным вызовом для формата РИК, на нынешнем этапе вряд ли способны остановить поступательное развитие диалога России, Индии и Китая. Кроме того, автор подчеркивает, что перспективы РИК — во многом вопрос адекватного восприятия самой сути названного трехстороннего формата. Играя заметную роль в консолидации России, Индии и Китая — трех влиятельных держав, декларирующих неприемлемость однополярного мира, сотрудничество в рамках РИК способно вносить важный вклад в продвижение к демократическому миропорядку, умирению ситуации в «горячих точках», и поэтому даже дискретные успехи на этом важном направлении заслуживают поощрения и поддержки., The relevance of the article is based on the fact that the issue of Indian-American relations’ influence on the dynamics and prospects of interaction within the structure "Russia-India-China" (RIC), which has become a prominent factor in world politics in recent years, attracts attention of political scientists almost from the very beginning of the formation of the trilateral format. Moreover, the starting point and factor of this attention is clearly the policy and stance of the United States towards the RIC. The article analyzes the impact of the character an growing dynamics of India-US relations on the interaction development within the «Russia-India-China» (RIC) dialogue format. The question which is pushed forward: is the close rapprochement between New-Delhi and Washington able to destroy the interaction of the «Big Eurasian three»? To react, the author explores the current stage of Indian-American relations, including mutual interests of the parties, and the key directions of their interaction, which were reconfirmed during the visit of the US President to India in February, 2020. The focus is made on the geopolitical goals of the United States, on the global-regional and defense tasks of both countries in the East Asia- Indian Ocean region, where India and the US are both concerned about the rise of China. The author specially focuses on the multi-vector international policy of India, which highly seems to be guided exclusively by the country’s own pragmatic interests, and the dialogue with the US is not an exception. It is concluded, that at the current stage the relations between Washington and New-Delhi, being a permanent challenge to the RIC format, are hardly capable to stop the further development of the Russia, India and China dialogue. Moreover, the author emphasizes that the RIC prospects are largely a question of adequate perception of the very essence of the trilateral format. Playing a significant role in the consolidation of Russia, India and China – three influential powers that declare the unacceptability of unipolar world, cooperation within the RIC can make an important contribution to the promotion of the democratic world order as well as the pacification of the situation in «hot spots». Therefore, even discrete successes in this important area deserve encouragement and support.

Electron emission phenomenon is intensively studied in many fundamental areas in physics and lays down the principle of operation of a large number of devices such as field emission display devices, Hall thrusters, etc. It is better described for metals. However, when originating from insulating materials it becomes a critical phenomenon involved in reliability issues of components in space applications where surface flashover phenomena and vacuum breakdown are entirely controlled by the electron emission from solids. Depending on the energy of impinging electrons and the dielectric properties, the electrons can be trapped within the dielectric bulk, and/or be responsible of electron emission phenomena. This PhD work, carried out at the interface of three research domains: plasma deposition of thin nanocomposite layers, dielectric charging and charge transport in thin dielectrics, and characterization of materials under irradiation in space environment, aims to explore the effect of metal inclusions (silver nanoparticles, AgNPs), embedded in thin dielectric silica layers, on the physical mechanisms (charge injection, trapping, transport and secondary electron emission from the surface) responsible of the dielectric charging and electron emission from dielectrics, in order to modulate them.Nanostructured thin dielectric silica layers containing a single plan of AgNPs have been elaborated by plasma process successfully combining in the same reactor sputtering of a metallic target and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Structural characterization of the resulting samples has been performed to determine the chemical composition of the plasma silica matrix as well as to obtain the AgNPs size, shape, density and distribution and the total thickness of the structure. These analyses allowed correlation of the structural parameters with the response of the obtained nanostructured dielectric layers under electrical stress and electronic irradiation.It was found that for low energy of the incident electrons (< 2keV) the total electron emission yield (TEEY) from thin silica layers without AgNPs presents an atypical shape with local minimum situated at around 1keV. To get closer to the description of this behavior a model for the TEEY was developed. It is based on Dionne’s model, but adapted to dielectrics. It considers the internal electric field resulting from dielectric charging phenomenon. The later limits the secondary electron extraction depth leading to a decrease of the TEEY. The radiation of dielectric materials implies the mechanisms of radiation-induced conductivity (RIC), also considered in the model. The electron-hole creation in the dielectric induces an increase of the layer conductivity (RIC) leading to an increase of the TEEY after the local minimum.The dielectric response of the nanocomposite thin films was also studied in this work. The AgNPs-based nanocomposites have slightly higher relative permittivity than the plasma silica alone. The study of polarization currents, under strong electric fields, shows an increase of the current density as a function of the depth of the AgNPs plane.This work is the first demonstration of the capability of AgNPs-based nanocomposite to reduce the charge gradients of materials under irradiation through secondary electron emission. The addition of AgNPs in the plasma silica matrix allows the TEEY to be effectively modulated, depending on the diameter of the AgNPs as well as on the distance of the AgNPs to the surface. To reveal the physical phenomena induced by the AgNPs the TEEY model was adapted to consider the AgNPs. Charge trapping on the AgNPs is the mechanisms leading to a decrease of the TEEY to a value typical for metals, however preserving the TEEY minimum induced by the charge accumulation in the dielectric layer.; Le phénomène d'émission électronique est étudié dans de nombreux domaines fondamentaux de la physique et pose le principe de fonctionnement d'un grand nombre de dispositifs tels que les écrans à émission de champ, les propulseurs Hall, etc. Il est mieux compris pour les métaux. Cependant, pour les matériaux isolants, il constitue un phénomène critique limitant la fiabilité des composants dans les applications spatiales où les phénomènes de décharge et de claquage sont entièrement contrôlés par l'émission électronique. Selon l'énergie des électrons incidents et les propriétés des diélectriques, les électrons peuvent être piégés au sein du matériau, et/ou être à l’origine de phénomènes d'émission électronique. Ce travail de thèse se situe à l'interface de trois domaines de recherche : le dépôt par plasma de couches minces nanocomposites, le piégeage et le transport de charges électriques dans les diélectriques, et la caractérisation des matériaux sous irradiation en milieu spatial. Il explore l'effet des nanoparticules d'argent (AgNPs) enterrées dans les couches minces de silice, sur les mécanismes physiques (injection, piégeage, transport de charges et émission électronique secondaire) responsables du chargement diélectrique et des émissions d’électrons, afin de moduler ces phénomènes.Des couches minces nanostructurées de silice contenant un plan d'AgNPs ont été élaborées par procédé plasma combinant dans un même réacteur la pulvérisation d'une cible métallique et le dépôt chimique en phase vapeur activé par plasma (PECVD). La caractérisation structurale des échantillons a permis de déterminer la composition chimique de la matrice de silice plasma, la taille, la forme, la densité et la distribution des AgNPs ainsi que l'épaisseur totale de la structure. Ces analyses ont permis de corréler les paramètres structurels avec la réponse des couches diélectriques nanostructurées réalisées sous contrainte électrique et irradiation électronique.Il a été constaté que pour des électrons primaires de faible énergie (< 2 keV), le taux total d'émission d'électrons (TEEY) des couches minces de silice sans AgNPs présente une forme atypique avec un minimum local situé à environ 1 keV. Afin de mieux comprendre ce comportement, un modèle de TEEY a été développé. Il est basé sur le modèle de Dionne, et adapté aux diélectriques. Il considère le champ électrique interne résultant de l’accumulation de charges électriques dans la couche diélectrique. Ce dernier limite la profondeur d'extraction des électrons secondaires et entraine une baisse du TEEY. L’irradiation d’un matériau diélectrique fait intervenir le mécanisme de conductivité induite par irradiation (RIC), également prise en compte dans le modèle. La création des paires électron-trou dans le matériau contribue à l’augmentation de la conductivité du matériau (RIC) et est à l’origine de l’augmentation du TEEY après le minimum local.Le caractère diélectrique des couches minces nanocomposites a également été étudié dans ce travail. L’ajout d’AgNPs augmente légèrement la permittivité relative comparée à celle de la silice seule. L'étude des courants de polarisation sous forts champs électriques, montre une augmentation de la densité du courant en fonction de la profondeur du plan AgNPs.Ce travail est la première démonstration de la capacité des structures nanocomposites contenant des AgNPs à réduire les gradients de charge des matériaux sous irradiation électronique. L'ajout d'AgNPs dans la matrice de silice plasma permet de moduler efficacement le TEEY, en fonction du diamètre des AgNPs ainsi que de leur distance à la surface. Pour révéler les phénomènes physiques induits par les AgNPs le modèle TEEY a été adapté. Le stockage de charge dans les AgNPs est le mécanisme conduisant à une diminution de l’amplitude du TEEY à une valeur typique pour les métaux, tout en préservant le minimum TEEY induit par l'accumulation de charge dans la couche diélectrique.

Electron emission phenomenon is intensively studied in many fundamental areas in physics and lays down the principle of operation of a large number of devices such as field emission display devices, Hall thrusters, etc. It is better described for metals. However, when originating from insulating materials it becomes a critical phenomenon involved in reliability issues of components in space applications where surface flashover phenomena and vacuum breakdown are entirely controlled by the electron emission from solids. Depending on the energy of impinging electrons and the dielectric properties, the electrons can be trapped within the dielectric bulk, and/or be responsible of electron emission phenomena. This PhD work, carried out at the interface of three research domains: plasma deposition of thin nanocomposite layers, dielectric charging and charge transport in thin dielectrics, and characterization of materials under irradiation in space environment, aims to explore the effect of metal inclusions (silver nanoparticles, AgNPs), embedded in thin dielectric silica layers, on the physical mechanisms (charge injection, trapping, transport and secondary electron emission from the surface) responsible of the dielectric charging and electron emission from dielectrics, in order to modulate them. Nanostructured thin dielectric silica layers containing a single plan of AgNPs have been elaborated by plasma process successfully combining in the same reactor sputtering of a metallic target and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Structural characterization of the resulting samples has been performed to determine the chemical composition of the plasma silica matrix as well as to obtain the AgNPs size, shape, density and distribution and the total thickness of the structure. These analyses allowed correlation of the structural parameters with the response of the obtained nanostructured dielectric layers under electrical stress and electronic irradiation. It was found that for low energy of the incident electrons (< 2keV) the total electron emission yield (TEEY) from thin silica layers without AgNPs presents an atypical shape with local minimum situated at around 1keV. To get closer to the description of this behavior a model for the TEEY was developed. It is based on Dionne's model, but adapted to dielectrics. It considers the internal electric field resulting from dielectric charging phenomenon.[...], Le phénomène d'émission électronique est étudié dans de nombreux domaines fondamentaux de la physique et pose le principe de fonctionnement d'un grand nombre de dispositifs tels que les écrans à émission de champ, les propulseurs Hall, etc. Il est mieux compris pour les métaux. Cependant pour les matériaux isolants, il constitue un phénomène critique limitant la fiabilité des composants dans les applications spatiales où les phénomènes de décharge et de claquage sont entièrement contrôlés par l'émission électronique. Selon l'énergie des électrons incidents et les propriétés des diélectriques, les électrons peuvent être piégés au sein du matériau, et/ou être à l'origine de phénomènes d'émission électronique. Ce travail de thèse se situe à l'interface de trois domaines de recherche : le dépôt par plasma de couches minces nanocomposites, le piégeage et le transport de charges électriques dans les diélectriques, et la caractérisation des matériaux sous irradiation en milieu spatial. Il explore l'effet des nanoparticules d'argent (AgNPs) enterrées dans des couches minces de silice, sur les mécanismes physiques (injection, piégeage, transport de charges et émission électronique secondaire) responsables du chargement diélectrique et des émissions d'électrons, afin de moduler ces phénomènes. Les couches minces nanostructurées de silice contenant un plan d'AgNPs ont été élaborées par procédé plasma combinant dans un même réacteur la pulvérisation d'une cible métallique et le dépôt chimique en phase vapeur activé par plasma (PECVD). La caractérisation structurale des échantillons a permis de déterminer la composition chimique de la matrice de silice plasma, la taille, la forme, la densité et la distribution des AgNPs ainsi que l'épaisseur totale de la structure. Ces analyses ont permis de corréler les paramètres structurels avec la réponse des couches diélectriques nanostructurées réalisées sous contrainte électrique et irradiation électronique. Il a été constaté que pour des électrons primaires de faible énergie (< 2keV), le rendement total d'émission d'électrons (TEEY) des couches minces de silice sans AgNPs présente une forme atypique avec un minimum local situé à environ 1 keV. Afin de mieux comprendre ce comportement, un modèle de TEEY a été développé. Il est basé sur le modèle de Dionne, et adapté aux diélectriques. Il considère le champ électrique interne résultant de l'accumulation de charges électriques dans la couche diélectrique. [...]

This paper describes the sensitivity of both the orbital frame domain selection and the gravity model on the performance of on-board real-time orbit determination. Practical error sources, which affect the navigation solution of spaceborne global positioning system (GPS) receivers, are analyzed first. Then, a reasonable orbital frame (radial, in-track, cross-track (RIC)) is proposed to clearly represent the characteristics of the error in order to improve the performance of the orbit determination (OD) logic. In addition, the sensitivity of the gravity model affecting the orbit determination logic is analyzed by comparison with the precise orbit ephemeris (POE) of the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite, and it is confirmed that the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) Gravity Model 03 (GGM03) outperforms the Earth Gravity Model 1996 (EGM96). The effects of both proposed orbit frames and the gravity model on the orbit determination logic are verified using a GPS simulator and observation data from the CHAMP satellite. Moreover, the practical performance of on-board real-time orbit determination logic is verified by updating the software of the spaceborne GPS receiver, GPS-12, on DubaiSat-2 operating at low Earth orbit (LEO). The results show that the position accuracy of on-board real-time orbit determination logic in GPS-12 is improved by 59%, from 12.6 m (1 &sigma, ) to 5.1 m (1 &sigma, ), after applying the proposed methods. The velocity accuracy is also improved by 57%, from 13.7 mm/s (1 &sigma, ) to 5.9 mm/s (1 &sigma, ).

Rapid infusion catheters (RICs) allow expedient conversion of peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters to peripheral sheaths; however, little is known about potential complications. In this case, a 64-year-old male polytrauma patient had a 20-gauge PIV catheter in the right cephalic vein upsized to an 8.5 French (Fr) RIC without incident during an arrest with pulseless electrical activity (PEA). On RIC post-placement day two, the patient developed edema and ecchymosis extending from the right dorsal mid-hand to the antecubital fossa, just distal to the RIC insertion point. Compartments were soft; the volar surface (including an arterial line location), fingers, and upper arm were normal. The RIC flushed and returned blood appropriately. Ultrasound revealed a noncompressible cephalic vein either related to the catheter or thrombosis, and imaging of the hand showed an ulnar styloid fracture and a minimally displaced triquetral fracture. The RIC was removed immediately. Over the next week, the areas of ecchymosis developed bullae and then sloughed, leaving open wounds extending into the dermis. The patient later expired from unrelated causes. The area and timing of the skin necrosis were highly suspicious for a catheter-associated complication, despite the presence of the arterial line and small distal fractures. The necrosis was potentially due to thrombosis of the superficial venous outflow system, leading to congestion and skin compromise, but we found no similar reports. Alternatively, the catheter may have ruptured the vein and caused a gravity-dependent ecchymosis, but the volar surface was not impacted, and the catheter was functioning properly. The RIC may also have encroached on the arterial space, decreasing flow, but we would have expected distal hand changes. The only published reports we could find on RIC complications involved a lost guide wire, fragmentation of a catheter during placement, and a case of compartment syndrome, raising the question of whether skin necrosis is truly a rare event or simply underreported with the RIC. Although the exact causal relationship remains unknown in our case, RICs should be removed as soon as possible after immediate stabilization.

International audience

The government's announcement of a ceremony at Dublin Castle on January 17th to commemorate those who served in the RIC and the Dublin Metropolitan Police prior to independence has been met with much debate around the appropriateness of commemorating opposing sides in conflict.

In February 2015 Cofra Dynamic Compaction (CDC), a heavy Rapid Impact Compaction (RIC) technique to compact granular subsoil, was performed on the Berth 9 Quay Extension project in Felixstowe, UK. The extension consists of a 15.000m2 reclamation between sheet pile walls. The compaction of the reclamation was required to reduce future settlements and improve the properties of the sand behind the quay wall. An extensive compaction trial was performed before the start of the project to assess the compaction procedures and work method in relation to the specifications but also to assess the impact of the compaction on the Quay wall. Compaction effort was monitored during compaction with the use of the crane monitoring system which registers the (induced) settlement with increasing blows. The effect of the compaction has been measured with the use of pre- and post-compaction CPT's. The main quay wall displacements were continuously monitored by a manual station and a robotic total station. During the trial an inclinometer was used to gather more data. The paper focusses on the gathered data, findings and observations during the project and the compaction trials.

Glavna je zadaća arhiva poznata još od 7. stoljeća: osigurati brz i lak dolazak do tražene informacije, no prije svega, potrebno je gradivo opisati. Danas se arhivsko gradivo opisuje koristeći četiri međunarodne norme arhivističkog opisa (ISAD(G), ISAAR(CPF), ISDIAH, ISDF). U novome razdoblju u kojem prevladava paradigma postmodernizma, arhivi i njegove zadaće mijenjaju se i prilagođavaju sukladno zahtjevima društva postmodernizma. Prema tome, na temelju navedenih normi za arhivski opis, razvio se novi konceptualni model pod nazivom Records in Contexts (RiC), u prijevodu Zapisi u kontekstima. Model se sastoji od definiranih entiteta, svojstava entiteta i odnosa. Cilj istraživanja ovoga rada jeste prikazati opis arhivskoga fonda Državnoga arhiva u Vukovaru, Osnovna škola „Moša Pijade“ Županja (HR-DAVU-VK318) primjenjujući entitete, svojstva (atribute) i odnose ovoga modela. U istraživanju je prikazan postojeći opis navedenoga fonda prema normama ISAD(G) i ISAAR(CPF) (sumarni inventar fonda Osnovna škola „Moša Pijade“ Županja). Korištenje sumarnoga inventara u radu i uvid u gradivo navedenoga fonda odobrio je ravnatelj Državnoga arhiva u Vukovaru gospodin Petar Elez. Nakon prikaza opisa prema navedenim normama, tablično je prikazan opis prema modelu koristeći njegove entitete i odnose. Potrebno je spomenuti da se rad ne bavi primjenom svojstava ovoga modela, iako se dijelom spominju u Tablici 12. koja prikazuje usporedbu elemenata norme ISAD(G) i dijelom ISAAR(CPF) s entitetima i svojstvima modela RiC. Rezultat istraživanja prikazan je na Dijagramu 1. koji prikazuje entitete i odnose ovoga fonda. Ono što predstavlja promjenu paradigme u arhivskome opisu jeste što RiC ne opisuje fond kao cjelinu, kako je do sada bilo, nego svaki entitet koji navodi smatra kao samostalnu cjelinu koja se nadopunjuje raznim odnosima s drugim entitetima i svojstvima. Opis arhivskoga gradiva prikazuje se grafički te na taj način omogućuje jasan i pregledan prikaz cjelokupnog konteksta zapisa, koji podrazumijeva i kontekst stvaratelja i drugih osoba koje su vezane uz zapis. Dug je proces opisati gradivo pomoću modela RiC jer je opis neiscrpan, ali i omogućuje da arhivist koji opisuje zapis opisuje i njegov sadržaj koji će zahvaljujući semantičkom webu, povezanim podatcima, triplet izjavama biti računalno pretraživ što će u postmodernističkom gledanju na zapise i velikoj količini informacija omogućiti brz i lak pronalazak tražene informacije. The main task of archives is known from 7th century and it is to enable fast and easy way to finding a required information, but first of all it is necessary to describe archival fonds. Nowadays, archival fonds are described using four inter-related standards for archival description (ISAD(G), ISAAR(CPF), ISDIAH, ISDF). In the new epoch which is dominated by postmodern paradigm, archives and its obligations change and adjust according to demands of postmodern society. Accordingly, based on earlier mentioned standards for archival description, new conceptual model is developed and named Records in Contexts (RiC). This model is consisted of defined entities, entity properties and relations. The aim of research in this paper is to show description of archival fond in State archive in Vukovar , Elementary school „Moša Pijade“ Županja (HR-DAVU-VK-318) using entities, properties and relations of above mentioned model. In this research is shown existing description of a fond using standards ISAD(G) and ISAAR(CPF) (summary inventory of Elementary school „Moša Pijade“ Županja). The use of summary inventory in the paper and insight in archive inventory is approved by director of State archive in Vukovar Mr. Petar Elez. After representaton of description by mentioned standards, there was tabular view of description by model using his entities and relations. It is necessary to point out that the aim of the paper is not to show usage of the properties of conceptual model, although they are mentioned in Table 12. that shows the comparison between elements of standard ISAD(G) and part of ISAAR(CPF) with the entities and properties of RiC model. Results of the reasearch are shown in Diagram 1. that shows entities and relations of this fond. The change of the paradigm in archive description is that RiC model does not describe fond as a whole, but every entity that it mentiones is considered as an independent unity that complements with different relations with other entities and properties. Archival description is represented graphical and therefore it enables clear and transparent review of entire context of the record which also implies the context of the creator and other people that were related to the record. It is a long process to describe archival inventories using RiC model because the description may be inexhaustible. It can also allow to the archivist in charge of describing the record to also describe its content that will be digitally searchable with the help of semantic web, linked open data and triplet statement. In postmodernist view of records and great amount of information this will enable fast and easy way of finding the right information.

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Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and T cell depletion (TCD) through CD34+ cell selection without the use of post-transplantation immunosuppression are 2 strategies used to reduce nonrelapse mortality (NRM) in older patients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). To compare the efficacy of the RIC and TCD approaches, we evaluated the outcomes of patients age >50 years with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who underwent allo-HCT from an HLA-matched donor with one of these strategies. Baseline characteristics were comparable in the patients receiving TCD (n = 204) and those receiving RIC (n = 151), except for a higher proportion of unrelated donors (68% versus 40%; P 50 years with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who underwent allo-HCT from an HLA-matched donor with one of these strategies. Baseline characteristics were comparable in the patients receiving TCD (n = 204) and those receiving RIC (n = 151), except for a higher proportion of unrelated donors (68% versus 40%; P 50 years with AML and MDS.

Дананализтекущегоэтапакитайско􏰀индийскихот􏰀 ношений, связанного с деятельностью нынешних руководителей КНР и Индии — Си Цзиньпина и Нарендры Моди. Сопоставлены позитивный и негативный потенциалы двусторонней повестки дня, и на этой основе дан ряд прогнозов. Делается вывод, что, несмотря на некоторые конфликтные ситуации последнего времени, в отно􏰀 шениях Китая и Индии в обозримой перспективе элементы сотруд􏰀 ничества с высокой степенью вероятности будут преобладать над элементами расхождений, тем самым удерживая стороны от перехо􏰀 да «красных линий»., The article analyzes the nowadays stage of Sino􏰀Indian ties, related to the ac􏰀 tivities of current leaders — Xi Jinping and Narendra Modi. The author compares positive and negative potentials of the bilateral agenda and on this basis formulates a number of forecasts. The conclusion is made that despite some recent conflict situa􏰀 tions, in the foreseeable future elements of cooperation in Sino􏰀Indian relations are highly likely to prevail over the elements of discrepancies, thereby keeping the par􏰀 ties away from crossing «red lines».

Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and T cell depletion (TCD) through CD34 cell selection without the use of post-transplantation immunosuppression are 2 strategies used to reduce nonrelapse mortality (NRM) in older patients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). To compare the efficacy of the RIC and TCD approaches, we evaluated the outcomes of patients age >50 years with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who underwent allo-HCT from an HLA-matched donor with one of these strategies. Baseline characteristics were comparable in the patients receiving TCD (n = 204). and those receiving RIC (n = 151), except for a higher proportion of unrelated donors (68% versus 40%; P 50 years with AML and MDS. (C) 2017 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

Summary Background The standard busulfan–cyclophosphamide myeloablative conditioning regimen is associated with substantial non-relapse mortality in patients older than 40 years with acute myeloid leukaemia who are undergoing allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. Because the combination of busulfan plus fludarabine has been proposed to reduce non-relapse mortality, we aimed to compare this treatment with busulfan plus cyclophosphamide as a preparative regimen in these patients. Methods We did an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia at 25 hospital transplant centres in Italy and one in Israel. Eligible patients were aged 40–65 years, had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status less than 3, and were in complete remission. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive intravenous busulfan plus cyclophosphamide or busulfan plus fludarabine. Treatment allocations were not masked to investigators or patients. Randomisation was done centrally via a dedicated web-based system using remote data entry, with patients stratified by donor type and complete remission status. Patients allocated to busulfan plus cyclophosphamide received intravenous busulfan 0·8 mg/kg four times per day during 2 h infusions for four consecutive days (16 doses from days −9 through −6; total dose 12·8 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide at 60 mg/kg per day for two consecutive days (on days −4 and −3; total dose 120 mg/kg). Patients allocated to busulfan plus fludarabine received the same dose of intravenous busulfan (from days −6 through −3) and fludarabine at 40 mg/m 2 per day for four consecutive days (from days −6 through −3; total dose 160 mg/m 2 ). The primary endpoint was 1-year non-relapse mortality, which was assessed on an intention-to-treat basis; safety outcomes were assessed in the per-protocol population. This trial has been completed and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01191957. Findings Between Jan 3, 2008, and Dec 20, 2012, we enrolled and randomly assigned 252 patients to receive busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (n=125) or busulfan plus fludarabine (n=127). Median follow-up was 27·5 months (IQR 9·8–44·3). 1-year non-relapse mortality was 17·2% (95% CI 11·6–25·4) in the busulfan plus cyclophosphamide group and 7·9% (4·3–14·3) in the busulfan plus fludarabine group (Gray's test p=0·026). The most frequently reported grade 3 or higher adverse events were gastrointestinal events (28 [23%] of 121 patients in the busulfan plus cyclophosphamide group and 26 [21%] of 124 patients in the busulfan plus fludarabine group) and infections (21 [17%] patients in the busulfan plus cyclophosphamide group and 13 [10%] patients in the busulfan plus fludarabine group had at least one such event). Interpretation In older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, the myeloablative busulfan plus fludarabine conditioning regimen is associated with lower transplant-related mortality than busulfan plus cyclophosphamide, but retains potent antileukaemic activity. Accordingly, this regimen should be regarded as standard of care during the planning of allogeneic transplants for such patients. Funding Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco.

The role of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) in elderly patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is unclear. We conducted a prospective study including 110 homogeneously treated patients with ALL aged 50-70 years. Their outcomes were analyzed by intention-to-treat on a donor-versus-no donor basis. Fifty-five patients (50%) underwent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing and were considered potential allo-HCT candidates, although only 25 (23%) eventually received an allo-HCT. Among potential allo-HCT candidates, patients with (n = 28) and without (n = 27) an HLA-identical sibling showed similar leukemia-free survival, overall survival (OS) and relapse risk, and the only variable associated with a better outcome was achievement of first complete remission (CR1) after induction therapy. Among the 25 patients who actually received an allo-HCT, the 4-year non-relapse mortality and OS were 42% (95% confidence interval 31-53%) and 37% (95% confidence interval 27-47%), respectively. In conclusion, having an HLA-identical sibling donor was not associated with a better outcome in patients with ALL aged 50-70 years.

A analise da fragilidade e da dicotomia de uma nova coalizao da governanca mundial, denominada BRICS, identifica tres principais fatores de divergencia no seu âmbito - a diferenca identitaria e as distincoes de interesses comuns dos dois subgrupos - o IBSA e os RICs; focos de conflitos latentes entre a China e a India e a diferenca entre a China e os restantes; o contraste entre os interesses nacionais e comunitarios, como uma eventual linha divisoria na coalizao, se e quando os objetivos comuns do grupo forem alcancados. A estrategia de ser optada pelo Brasil neste contexto ambiguo e incerto apresenta a complexidade de decisao e das taticas diplomaticas no âmbito dos BRICS com vistas a um surgimento das tendencias de divisao e de interesses conflitantes.

Hyperferritinemia has been associated with adverse outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) with myeloablative conditioning. However, its characteristics and impact on the outcome in the reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and in the lymphoid malignancy settings are far from clear. The study includes 201 adult patients undergoing allo-HCT with RIC (allo-RIC) for lymphoid malignancies with a median follow-up for survivors of 52 months (range, 3 to 123). Median serum ferritin level at allo-RIC was 379 ng/mL (range, 4 to 10,790). In the multivariate analysis, patients with hyperferritinemia at transplantation (>399 ng/mL) showed lower 4-year overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.8 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.2 to 2.8]; P = .008), higher nonrelapse mortality (NRM) (HR, 1.8 [95% Cl, 1.1 to 3.2]; P = .03), and higher infection-related mortality (HR, 2.3 [95% Cl, 1.1 to 4.8]; P = .02) than patients without hyperferritinemia. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment and 100-day NRM were similar between both groups. The adverse outcome associated with hyperferritinemia seemed higher in patients without major comorbidities and was not influenced by the elevation of acute phase reactants. Our results indicate that high ferritin levels at HCT are associated with an adverse outcome after allo-RIC in patients with lymphoid malignancies. (C) 2013 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

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В статье рассматриваются этапы становления, принципы, цели и формы взаимодействия в структурах БРИКС и РИК, включая сотрудничество между Россией и Китаем. Автор анализирует позитивный потенциал, события и тренды текущего периода, а также вызовы и риски дальнейшего развития БРИКС и РИК. На этой основе сделан многовариантный прогноз о перспективах взаимодействия в обоих форматах. Автор полагает, что среди таких перспектив наиболее вероятен умеренно позитивный сценарий. Этот же вывод, согласно проведенному анализу, актуален для российскокитайского сотрудничества в БРИКС и РИК., The article examines the stages of formation, principles, objectives and forms of interaction in the RIC (Russia—India—China) and BRICS structures, including cooperation between Russia and China. The author analyzes positive potential, facts and events of the current period, as well as challenges and risks of the further devel�opment of BRICS and RIC. On this basis, a multivariate forecast of the cooperation prospects of both formats is made. The author considers a moderately positive sce�nario to be the most likely option among such prospects. According to the analysis made, this conclusion is also applicable for the Russian�Chinese cooperation both in BRICS and RIC.