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Objective: In the current study, we introduced a novel method for creating Sunitinib nanobubbles by incorporating it into chitosan-shelled nanobubbles. Methods: The Design Expert® programme randomly assigned around 13 experiments, and multiple regression analysis was used to statistically examine the data. The effect of the amount of sunitinib, amount of chitosan, amount of Epikuron 200, amount of palmitic acid and stirring speed, on percent encapsulation efficiency and drug load while maintain minimum particle size of nanobubbles as considered through a definitive screening plan. By placing limitations on the response parameters, the optimum formulation was created using a numerical optimization approach. The three improved formulations (Batch1 through Batch3) were assessed. Results: The findings show that the nanobubbles particle size of 78.56-82.42 nm with an encapsulation efficiency of 68.48-69.56 % and loading capacity of 23.88-25.02%. The quantity of sunitinib released from nanobubbles was much larger (96.52 percent) than that from the sunitinib solution within 24 h, according to an in vitro release profile of the medication using ultrasonography. The hemolytic activity of the blank nanobubbles and sunitinib-loaded nanobubbles was measured to assess their safety up to a concentration of 10 mg/ml. With erythrocytes, drug-loaded nanobubbles had a good safety profile. FTIR, DSC studies indicated no chemical interactions, TEM images revealed nanobubbles size of 70-100 nm and stability studies shows no significant changes. Conclusion: For contrast-enhanced tumour imaging and subsequent therapeutic administration, nanobubbles were found to be superior.

Meena Kandasamy tries to create an identity among the galaxy of Indian writers in English as a poet, novelist and translator. She deals with caste annihilation, feminism and linguistic identity. Meena Kandasamy's novel, 'When I Hit You: Or, A Portrait of the Writer as a Young Wife', deals with the suppression of women in the name of patriarchal society in educated families. She explains the story of a highly educated Indian woman from an affluent family who marries a respected college professor. He seems to be a man who is a social rights activist outside the home, but he abuses his wife at home. Kandasamy depicts a dreadful picture explaining her husband's strategies to keep her under his control. In this context, she delineates the emotions a woman undergoes while adjusting herself to the situation in the family. The writer attempts to develop the status of a woman by discussing more the turmoil she comes across in every part of her life. She wants to disclose to the world that a woman is a human being. She is wise enough to remain uncrushed and unperturbed despite challenges and hostilities. The novel vividly depicts the power game between men and women in Indian families and other societies.

The study explores the hormonal influences on entrepreneurial opportunity persuasion decisions (OPD). It also analyzes how behavioural psychology influences the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition-refinement process (OPRR). The machine learning and structural equation modelling analyses of the data from 271 Indian entrepreneurs support the hypotheses of a direct effect of the physiological biomarker—Testosterone-Cortisol Ratio (TCR) and behavioural marker—communities of inquiry (COI) on OPD. Further, partial mediation indicated an indirect positive effect of COI on OPD, with OPRR moderating this relationship. Shedding new light on the enigmatic entrepreneurial opportunity behaviour from a biological and behavioural perspective improves the causal inference of external and socially-influenced COI and internally-triggered TCR. Finally, theoretical and methodological contributions are discussed along with implications that can guide future research on entrepreneurial opportunity behaviours.

The present study was conducted to develop and validate an analytical procedure for the determination of cefixime in Pharmaceutical Formulations. The analytical test attributes and evaluated as per the guidelines of ICH Q2 (R1). The method was validated for the determination of Assay in finished products of cefixime and the method validation parameters were evaluated for the analytical test attribute cefixime meets the acceptance criteria. The results obtained were within the specified limits and the samples were analyzed for test item concentration by Gas Chromatography.

In medical ultrasound scanning applications PMUT (Piezo Micromachined Ultrasound transducers) need to be assembled along with the ASIC devices that drive the PMUT devices in transmission and receive the reflected ultrasound signal. To produce a sufficiently high resolution image, a large number of interconnections are required between the PMUT device and the companion ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) which is done using Cu pillar technology. This integration of Ultrasound Transducers using wafer level bonding between the traducer and the ASIC wafer has already been demonstrated [1]. This process suffers from the problem of yield if a non functioning transducer is bonded to a functioning ASIC or vice versa, and it also requires the ASIC die to be the same dimensions of the traducer die. In this article we will present a solution where known good ASIC die are assembled in a FOWLP (Fan Out wafer level Package) with known good PMUT device assembled using Cu pillar technology allowing for the optimisation of the ASIC for size/yield while still maintain the performance of the transducer required. Verification of the assembly flow has been done using a dummy die to ensure that the fully assembled FOWLP is practicable.

A 67-year-old female presented with 2 weeks of right eye pain, redness, and diplopia. An orbital mass was found on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and biopsy revealed Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). She had no primary head or neck lesion and no previous history of MCC. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed hypermetabolic subcutaneous lesions of the lower extremity andmultiple osseous lesions of the axial and appendicular skeleton. She received palliative external radiation of 20 Gy in 5 fractions to the orbit. After discussing immunotherapy, she opted for comfort care and expired 1 month later. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the third case of MCC with distant metastasis to the orbit and the first case in which the patient had no previous diagnosis of MCC and no known primary tumor.

Sign language gave hope to deaf and dumb people to communicate with others. Although there is a significant development in sign language, Sign recognition systems are created to increase efficiency in sign recognition. Our sign language recognition technology was created to aid in communication for individuals suffering from hearing and visibility issues. We have created it using CNN (Convolutional neural network) and RNN (Recurrent neural network). After pre-processing the images, the images are used in the dataset containing the 25 English alphabets. We built CNN and trained it with the dataset. After training the model we have predicted the accuracy. To increase the accuracy we have enhanced the CNN model with RNN. The best accuracy obtained is 88.8% for CNN with RNN. Keywords- Convolutional neural network, Recurrent neural network

Motor vehicles use petroleum products and release sulfur dioxide gas which causes deleterious effects to environment and humans. The sulfur containing compounds present in petroleum products especially organosulfur compounds serve as major source of sulfur dioxide emission. During refining process, petroleum products are subjected to hydrodesulfurization for the removal of sulfur, which is not an efficient method and most of the organosulfur compounds are not eliminated particularly dibenzothiophene and its derivatives. A process known as biodesulfurization which employs microorganisms was suggested to be an alternative to hydrodesulfurization. The dibenzothiophene was selected as model organosulfur compound to perform biodesulfurization studies due its high recalcitrant nature. The microbes which remove sulfur via 4S pathway from organosulfur compounds (dibenzothiophene) are commercially important. In the present study, the effect of different nutrient sources (carbon, nitrogen and amino acid sources at different concentrations) and physical parameters like temperature and pH on dibenzothiophene desulfurization activity (via 4S pathway) of Streptomyces sp. VUR PPR 101 was studied and optimized. The optimum carbon and nitrogen sources for DBT biodesulfurization activity were found to be 4% glucose and 1% yeast extract, respectively. The best amino acid source reported was 0.3 mg/ml glutamine. At a temperature of 300C and pH 7.0, the organism showed maximum biodedulfurization activity.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition affecting reproductive-aged women with reproductive, metabolic and psychological consequences. Weight and lifestyle (diet, physical activity and behavioural) management are first-line therapy in international evidence-based guidelines for PCOS. While these recommend following population-level diet and physical activity guidelines, there is ongoing interest and research in the potential benefit of including psychological and sleep interventions, as well as a range of traditional, complimentary and integrative medicine (TCIM) approaches, for optimal management of PCOS. There is limited evidence to recommend a specific diet composition for PCOS with approaches including modifying protein, carbohydrate or fat quality or quantity generally having similar effects on the presentations of PCOS. With regards to physical activity, promising evidence supports the provision of vigorous aerobic exercise, which has been shown to improve body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin resistance. Psychological and sleep interventions are also important considerations, with women displaying poor emotional wellbeing and higher rates of clinical and subclinical sleep disturbance, potentially limiting their ability to make positive lifestyle change. While optimising sleep and emotional wellbeing may aid symptom management in PCOS, research exploring the efficacy of clinical interventions is lacking. Uptake of TCIM approaches, in particular supplement and herbal medicine use, by women with PCOS is growing. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to support integration into routine clinical practice. Research investigating inositol supplementation have produced the most promising findings, showing improved metabolic profiles and reduced hyperandrogenism. Findings for other supplements, herbal medicines, acupuncture and yoga is so far inconsistent, and to reduce heterogeneity more research in specific PCOS populations, (e.g. defined age and BMI ranges) and consistent approaches to intervention delivery, duration and comparators are needed. While there are a range of lifestyle components in addition to population-recommendations for diet and physical activity of potential benefit in PCOS, robust clinical trials are warranted to expand the relatively limited evidence-base regarding holistic lifestyle management. With consumer interest in holistic healthcare rising, healthcare providers will be required to broaden their knowledge pertaining to how these therapies can be safely and appropriately utilised as adjuncts to conventional medical management.

Cancer is characterized by the rampant proliferation, growth, and infiltration of malignantly transformed cancer cells past their normal boundaries into adjacent tissues. It is the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for approximately 19.3 million new diagnoses and 10 million deaths globally in 2020. In the United States alone, the estimated number of new diagnoses and deaths is 1.9 million and 609 360, respectively. Implementation of currently existing cancer diagnostic techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), X-ray computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and molecular diagnostic techniques, have enabled early detection rates and are instrumental not only for the therapeutic management of cancer patients, but also for early detection of the cancer itself. The effectiveness of these cancer screening programs are heavily dependent on the rate of accurate precursor lesion identification; an increased rate of identification allows for earlier onset treatment, thus decreasing the incidence of invasive cancer in the long-term, and improving the overall prognosis. Although these diagnostic techniques are advantageous due to lack of invasiveness and easier accessibility within the clinical setting, several limitations such as optimal target definition, high signal to background ratio and associated artifacts hinder the accurate diagnosis of specific types of deep-seated tumors, besides associated high cost. In this review we discuss various imaging, molecular, and low-cost diagnostic tools and related technological advancements, to provide a better understanding of cancer diagnostics, unraveling new opportunities for effective management of cancer, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Herein we discuss various technological advancements that are being utilized to construct an assortment of new diagnostic techniques that incorporate hardware, image reconstruction software, imaging devices, biomarkers, and even artificial intelligence algorithms, thereby providing a reliable diagnosis and analysis of the tumor. Also, we provide a brief account of alternative low cost-effective cancer therapy devices (CryoPop®, LumaGEM®, MarginProbe®) and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS), emphasizing the need for multi-disciplinary collaboration among radiologists, pathologists, and other involved specialties for improving cancer diagnostics.Revolutionary technological advancements in cancer imaging and molecular biology techniques are indispensable for the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.

We present a novel AI-assisted method for decomposing (segmenting) planar CAD (computer-aided design) models into well shaped rectangular blocks as a proof-of-principle of a general decomposition method applicable to complex 2D and 3D CAD models. The decomposed blocks are required for generating good quality meshes (tilings of quadrilaterals or hexahedra) suitable for numerical simulations of physical systems governed by conservation laws. The problem of hexahedral mesh generation of general CAD models has vexed researchers for over 3 decades and analysts often spend more than 50% of the design-analysis cycle time decomposing complex models into simpler parts meshable by existing techniques. Our method uses reinforcement learning to train an agent to perform a series of optimal cuts on the CAD model that result in a good quality block decomposition. We show that the agent quickly learns an effective strategy for picking the location and direction of the cuts and maximizing its rewards as opposed to making random cuts. This paper is the first successful demonstration of an agent autonomously learning how to perform this block decomposition task effectively thereby holding the promise of a viable method to automate this challenging process., Comment: AAAI-2022 Fall Symposium Series

Three gummy stem blight (GSB) resistant watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) genotypes (IIHR-82, IIHR-617 and BIL-53), two resistant bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) genotypes (BG-95, BG-77-6-1) and three hybrid combinations based on watermelon genotypes (IIHR-617 × Arka Manik, IIHR-82 × Arka Manik and IIHR-82 × IIHR-617) were evaluated as rootstocks for yield, quality and GSB incidence in a sick plot during spring 2019, spring 2020 and spring 2021 at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore. The commercial watermelon hybrid NS-295 was used as a scion for grafting onto these rootstocks. Significant differences were observed among the grafted entries and checks in terms of disease incidence (PDI). Among agronomic traits, grafting significantly affected plant growth, earliness and yield in a desirable direction. The grafted scion onto the hybrid rootstocks and BG-95 could maintain its oblong fruit shape compared to those onto IIHR-82 and BIL-53, whereas BG-77-6-1 produced spherical fruits. Quality traits showed an improvement in terms of total soluble solids (TSS), flesh colour, total carotenoids and lycopene content among the grafted entries as compared to non-grafted controls. Overall, the use of hybrid rootstocks i.e. IIHR-82 × IIHR-617 and IIHR-82 × Arka Manik was found to be advantageous in managing GSB apart from imparting desirable agronomic and fruit quality traits.

A comprehensive analysis of the character, formation, and exhumation of continental crust is studied using seismic reflection profiling across the Achankovil shear zone, Southern Granulite Terrain, India, one of the constituents of the 2000 km long East African orogen. Seismic imaging reveals a dipping reflection fabric extending from the surface to 60 km depth. We interpret the structure developed during the subduction-accretion-suturing of the Madurai and Trivandrum blocks. The deep-seated reflection fabric suggests a rheologically strong lower crust, as viscosity did not change much downwards due to the presence of mafic minerals and granulites in place of quartz and feldspars. Gravity modeling along seismic profile indicated density (velocity) perturbation in the form of high and low intrusive bodies of varying composition in the upper crust. The subduction zone environment might be responsible for the formation of ultramafic rocks comprising dunite, glimmerrite, and spinellite minerals in the region. Charnockites (granulites), the orthopyroxene (hypersthene) bearing anhydrous rocks of granitic composition that are formed at P-T condition between 5-12 Kbars and 700-10400 C are exposed on the surface. The ultra-high temperature metamorphic rocks provided insights into crustal dynamics and crust-mantle interaction. Seismic and gravity results are integrated with LVZ at 120 km depth derived from tomographic study, high mantle heat flow data, and various rocks/minerals such as sapphirine, humite bearing marbles, alkaline rocks, arc-related magmatism to understand the structure, composition, and thermal state of the lithosphere., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Thermal management in hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal (PVT) collectors is essential to derive electrical and thermal energy from a single system. Effective removal of heat gained by the photovoltaic module during its operation is possible with a proper thermal absorber design. Hence, thermal absorber design has gained prominence, and various design techniques were attempted in the literature to enhance energy delivery among different stakeholders. Most research groups tried to design absorber configurations attached to the PV panel's front or rear side. Absorber design configurations include various channel materials and geometry as well as other physical parameter combinations. The quantitative thermal energy delivery from the system could vary based on the absorber configuration and be useful for different applications. This study reports a detailed review to understand the relation between thermal absorber design configurations and the potential energy recovery from PVT systems. This study helps the designers identify channel designs, materials, and adequate working fluids for enhanced heat transfer to anticipate better thermal management of PVT systems. Challenges and suggestions to develop state of the art thermal absorber designs for relative commercial thermal applications using PVT systems are conveyed.

The study was carried out on occurrence of major insect pests of paddy in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh during rabi 2020-21 in Nagarjuna Sagar Jawahar Canal area in 45 farmers’ fields of five mandals (Vinukonda, Savalyapuram, Ipuru, Nuzendla and Bollapalle). Fortnightly observations on pest population in parallel relation with meteorological parameters revealed the incidence of rice leaf folder (Cnaphaolocrocis medinalis), yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), white backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), armyworm (Mythimna separata) and gall midge (Orseolia oryzae) in the entire crop growth period among which leaf folder, yellow stem borer and brown planthopper incidence was more evident. The highest pest activity of S. incertulas and C. medinalis was found during first fortnight of November with 3.97% dead hearts and 3.66% leaf damage respectively. Whereas peak population of N. lugens was found in the time of second fortnight of October with 3.59 hoppers/hill. The results of correlation analysis revealed that white ears caused due to S. incertulas showed significant negative correlation with maximum temperature, minimum temperature and rainfall and highly significant positive correlation with minimum temperature, whereas population of N. lugens showed significant negative correlation. KEYWORDS: Seasonal occurrence, yellow stem borer, brown plant hopper, rice leaf folder and abiotic factors

We have presented systematically the effect of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) in Casimir wormholes space-time in the recently proposed modified gravity, the so-called symmetric teleparallel gravity or $f(Q)$ gravity. Here $Q$ is the non-metricity scalar that drives the gravitation interaction. We consider two famous GUP relations, such as the Kempf, Mangano, and Mann (KMM) model and the Detournay, Gabriel, and Spindel (DGS) model, in our study. Besides this, we investigate with three different redshift functions under anisotropic fluid located at the throat. Further, we analyzed the obtained wormhole solutions with energy conditions, especially null energy conditions (NEC) at the throat of the wormhole, and encountered that some arbitrary quantity disrespects the classical energy conditions at the wormhole throat of radius $r_0$. Later, the ADM mass and the volume integral quantifier are also discussed to calculate the amount of exotic matter required near the wormhole throat. Additionally, we show the behavior of the equation of state parameters under the effect of GUP., Revised version

We present a patient who underwent orbital fracture repair complicated by retrobulbar hemorrhages twice within the first postoperative week. The suspected cause is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use with inappropriate patient-modified settings. The most likely mechanism of action was venous congestion from the extrinsic positive pressure, similar to Valsalva maneuvers increasing orbital vasculature pressure. In our patient, because his orbital blood vessels had recently been cauterized, they were too fragile to handle the engorgement and bled, leading to a retrobulbar hemorrhage. It is possible that at a lower CPAP setting, the vascular congestion would not have been as severe and caused bleeding. We recommend routinely asking patients about CPAP use before orbital surgeries and instructing patients to stop CPAP usage for 1 week after any orbital surgeries if medically cleared.

The Comprehensive Assessment of Outcomes in Statistics (CAOS) is one of the most widely used assessments in statistics education research, and was hailed as the gold standard instrument to assess conceptual knowledge of statistics (Tintle & VanderStoep, 2018). CAOS was developed to measure student learning and conceptual understanding after completion of a tertiary-level first course in statistics (delMas et al., 2007). It has been used in statistics education research to compare curricula and course formats (e.g., Ryan et al., 2016), to assess unique student populations (e.g., Fabrizio et al., 2011), and to identify associations with other constructs such as attitudes and anxiety (e.g., Zonnefeld, 2015). It has also served as a blueprint for the development of new assessments (e.g., Garfield et al., 2012) and new assessment items (e.g., Chance et al., 2016). While developing CAOS, delMas et al. (2007) envisioned making several types of score interpretations for various test uses and collected validity evidence to support CAOS’s use for these purposes. Since then, only one study explicitly aimed to contribute to the body of validity evidence supporting CAOS’s use for specific purposes (delMas, 2014), and no comprehensive review has been undertaken to evaluate how CAOS has been used for research purposes. Although The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (APA, AERA, & NCME, 2014) places the responsibility for ensuring validity of each score interpretation for each test use on the individual researcher, it also calls for oversight and training from test administrators. Therefore, to inform the administration of CAOS by the statistics education research community, this paper aims to review how CAOS has been used for research purposes. Additionally, to inform researchers’ determination of appropriate uses of CAOS and appropriate CAOS score interpretations, this study aims to compile validity arguments made in support of, or against, specific CAOS score interpretations for particular uses.

Fungi are the second largest group of eukaryotes and play a vital role in the biological system. These fungi are cell factories that produce a variety of industrially important secondary metabolites (SM) that are beneficial for humans, animals, and the environment. Microorganisms are a rich source of natural compounds with a significant commercial value; on the other hand, they produce low-quality products that may not satisfy industrial standards for commercialization. Numerous fungal species produce key industrial enzymes, antibiotics, anticancer drugs, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and immunosuppressants. Antibiotics belonging to the β lactam family are the most often prescribed antibiotics worldwide. Penicillin has a core structure, 6-amino penicillanic acid (6-APA), interwoven with the ß-lactam ring and drives the development of semisynthetic antibiotics. Several dermatophytoses are treated with griseofulvin (GRI), and mycophenolic acid (MPA), and the cholesterol-lowering drugs (lovastatin and compactin) are produced from Aspergillus and Penicillium species, respectively. The SM is also effective against most of the pandemic novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2), human immuno virus (HIV), and influenza virus (H1N1) strains protease inhibitors that limit virus propagation. Furthermore, natural antioxidants (amanitin, ferulic acid, resveratrol, and flavonoids) are synthetically conjugated or co-crystallized with active SM for clinical uses. Many biosynthetic gene clusters, comparative genomics, and functional transcripts are encoded in fungal genomes, reigniting interest in discovering new compounds. The strong transcriptional regulation likely clarifies the metabolic routes in the genome. Viable approaches necessitate the availability of genome sequences, molecular tools, and a strategy tailored to alter the genomes of specific strains for industrially significant molecules. Researchers have devised a new strategy for strain generation of various genetic engineering tools, involving recombinant DNA technology, protein engineering, metabolite flux pathways, and synthetic biology approaches, using a basic understanding of genetic makeup.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The varied prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in primary teeth around the globe raises a serious knowledge gap in the available literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of TDI in primary teeth and also to evaluate the different factors associated with TDI in primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials with predefined search criteria. The primary outcome was the prevalence of TDI in primary teeth, and the secondary outcomes were the factors associated with TDI in primary teeth. Qualitative analysis was done using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale adapted for cross-sectional studies. The random-effect model was used for meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis was done to evaluate the heterogeneity between the included studies. Meta-analysis was done using the "meta" package of "R" language. The overall quality of evidence was assessed using GRADEpro GDT software. RESULTS A total of 24 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria representing 4876 TDIs in 22 839 children aged between 0 and 6 years old. The overall prevalence of TDI in primary teeth was 24.2% (95% CI: 18.24-31.43, P = 0, I2 = 99%). Falls contributed the highest number of TDI - 59.3% (95% CI: 41.05-76.40, P

Background Surgery is often avoided in the setting of pediatric orbital complications from acute sinusitis unless necessitated by alarming ophthalmological signs. Criteria for surgical intervention are not well-defined. Objective We aim to review our experiences, management practices and patient outcomes over a ten-year period for Chandler III patients. Methods A retrospective review was performed from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2016 of patients treated for orbital symptoms secondary to acute sinusitis at a free-standing tertiary-care pediatric hospital. Results Of the 186 patients reviewed, 42 Chandler III patients were included. Average age was 82.6 months (SD 50.6) with a slight male predominance (M to F, 1.8 to 1). 27 patients (64.3%) underwent intervention including endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) with or without orbitotomy. Late surgical intervention (>48hrs from admission) demonstrated significant increase in overall length of stay (LOS) when compared with early surgical intervention and/or medical management (median, 6.9 vs 3.6 vs 3.7 days; p 3 vs 805 mm3, p = 0.5), but abscess width ≥ 1.2 cm was associated with higher rates of intervention. An alarming extraocular exam was the most common factor associated with surgical intervention. Conclusion Pediatric subperiosteal orbital abscess may prompt surgical intervention by ESS. An alarming ophthalmologic exam should prompt consideration of early intervention, which may lead to decreased overall and post-operative length of hospital stay. Level of Evidence 4 Meeting Information American Rhinologic Society, Fall National Meeting. Chicago, IL, USA. September 8–9, 2017.

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Noctuidae: Lepidopetra) is a polyphagous pest of major crops grown in India. To prevent the damage caused by H. armigera farmers rely heavily on insecticides of diverse groups on a regular basis which is not a benign practice, environmentally and economically. To provide more efficient and accurate information on timely application of insecticides, this research was aimed to develop a forecast model to predict population dynamics of pod borer using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The data used in this study were collected from the randomly installed sex pheromone traps at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad. Several ARIMA (p, d, q) (P, D, Q) and ANN models were developed using the historical trap catch data. ARIMA model (1,0,1), (1,0,2) with minimal BIC, RMSE, MAPE, MAE, and MASE values and higher R2 value (0.53) was selected as the best ARIMA fit model, and neural network (7-30-1) was found to be the best fit to predict the catches of male moths of pod borer from September 2021 to August 2023. A comparative analysis performed between the ARIMA and ANN, shows that the ANN based on feed forward neural networks is best suited for effective pest prediction. With the developed ARIMA model, it would be easier to predict H. armigera adult population dynamics round the year and timely intervention of control measures can be followed by appropriate decision-making schedule for insecticide application.

Background and Aims: To assess the user perceptions on efficiency and effectiveness of Tele-clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An audit collected feedback based on questionnaires from surgeons, patients and nurses, conducting/attending tele-clinics after 4 weeks of their initiation in the first surge of COVID-19 in the UK. Results: In this audit, 15 clinicians and 12 patients were opportunistically interviewed. 46% of the clinicians and 83% of the patients agreed that telephonic consultation was convenient, flexible and time-efficient. Two-thirds of clinicians felt that it required less staffing and therefore was cost-effective. Majority of patients (80%) agreed that tele-clinics were efficient, were associated with less stress/ anxiety. Most (86%) surgeons agreed that tele-clinics were limited by the lack of access to a detailed physical examination. Almost half the responses from clinicians, were positive regarding the effectiveness in reaching a diagnosis/ planning management, with a recognition of the potential risk for under or over-investigation. Most (91.6%) patients were satisfied with the way their clinical consultation was addressed. Some patients would still prefer to meet their doctor face-to-face to discuss a final management plan. Conclusions: Our audit provides evidence that Tele-clinics offered an efficient, potentially environmental conscious, cost-effective alternative to physical outpatient clinics, both to clinicians and patients, with recognised limitations.

COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pandemic disease and is the major cause of deaths worldwide. The clinical complexities (inflammation, cytokine storm, and multi-organ dysfunction) associated with COVID-19 poses constraints to effective management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Low dose radiation therapy (LDRT) has been evaluated as a potential therapeutic modality for COVID-19 pneumonia. However, due to heterogeneity in disease manifestation and inter-individual variations, effective planning for LDRT is limited for this large-scale event. 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) has emerged as a polypharmacological agent for COVID-19 treatment due to its effects on the glycolytic pathway, anti-inflammatory action, and interaction with viral proteins. We suggest that 2-DG will be a potential adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of LDRT in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Withal, azido analog of 2-DG, 2-azido-2-DG can produce rapid catastrophic oxidative stress and quell the cytokine storm in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Background: Laboratory reports show that fiber-reinforced composites have improved fracture resistance over traditional composites. However, limitations in the biomechanics of tests to evaluate the fracture resistance of fiber-reinforced composites need to be considered for accurate clinical applications. Aim: To assess the fracture resistance of particulate filler composites, glass fiber-reinforced composites, and polyethylene-fiber reinforced composites by analyzing the different fracture types and failure patterns. Materials and Methods: A standardized incisal (Group I) and mesioincisal fractures (Group II) were prepared on human maxillary central incisors. The test samples were further subdivided according to the restorative material used; particulate filler composites (Filtek Z 250), glass fiber-reinforced composites (fibre splint), and polyethylene-reinforced composites (Ribbond). The type of fractures was evaluated under the stereomicroscope and the failure patterns were analyzed using the graphical output from Universal Testing Machine. Statistical Analysis: The Chi-square test of association was used to test the association between fiber-reinforced composites and fracture resistance of tooth restoration complex. Results: No statistical association was observed between fiber-reinforced composites to the type of fractures in both incisal (P = 0.29) and mesioincisal restoration (P = 0.27). A significant association was observed between the fiber-reinforced composites to the failure patterns in both the incisal (P = 0.005) and mesioincisal restoration (P = 0.007). Conclusion: The glass and polyethylene fiber-reinforced composites showed improved fracture resistance properties than the traditional particulate filler composites in both incisal and mesioincisal restorations.

The traveling salesperson problem (TSP) is an NP-Hard problem that computers find difficult to solve. Humans are surprisingly good at solving the TSP, with solutions within 10% of optimal for problems with up to 100 points, constructed in time linear with the number of points. We propose that humans solve the TSP by initially clustering the points and then connecting them first within and then between clusters. In this study, 67 participants first clustered 40 stimuli and then solved them as TSPs. Strikingly, participants' TSP solutions perfectly followed their clusters for 52% of the stimuli. Further, participants' TSP solutions' were more congruent with their clusters for stimuli with statistically higher levels of clustered structure. This provides strong evidence for the clustering proposal. Random TSP solutions, however, showed no such congruence to cluster structure. These findings suggest that clustering might be a fundamental ability for reasoning about graph-theoretic algorithmic problems.

Nanofluid is a multiple phase solid liquid fluid that shows promise as a heat transfer fluid. Adding mono nanoparticles to a base fluid to increase heat transmission is a proven approach. Currently, researchers are concentrating on impregnating two or more nanoparticles in hybrid or composite form into base fluids called hybrid or nano composite fluid to increase heat transfer properties. The current work creates a novel nanocomposite particle (TiO2-Ag). The produced nanocomposite particle is characterized using conventional procedures. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) study confirms that silver (Ag) nanoparticles are bonded to the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The XRD peak and EDAX confirm the development of TiO2–Ag nanocomposite particle concentration of silver (Ag) around 9.5 wt.% and titania (TiO2) 90.5 wt.%.

The present study highlights that seasonal salinity variability plays a significant role in meiobenthic distribution with special reference to nematode assemblages. Sediment and water samples were collected from Pulicat Lake, a hypersaline lake along the southeast coast of India during two seasons (Southwest Monsoon (SWM) and Northeast Monsoon (NEM)). Based on the salinity distribution, the lake is categorized into four regions, viz., southern inlet, central region, middle inlet, and northern inlet. Meiobenthic abundance was higher during SWM (226-12,206 Ind/10 cm

As the complexities of pharmaceuticals needed to prevail over serious diseases continue to grow, the need for technologies to enable their efficient storage and delivery are as essential as ever. Lately, drugs such as vaccines, proteins, and stem cells are increasingly requiring frozen storage to maintain their efficacies before use. Notably, the advent of cellular therapy products has invariably elevated the need for cryopreservation and frozen storage of cellular starting materials, intermediates and/or final product. The container closure integrity (CCI) - which is a major requirement for aseptic or sterile packaging systems - at these extremely low temperatures has not been fully understood. For vial-based systems particularly, the commonly used rubber stoppers are expected to lose their elastic properties below their glass transition temperatures suggesting a potential temporary loss of sealability under frozen storage conditions; and posing a risk to CCI. The measurement of the CCI at these conditions such as -80oC is therefore critical, a process that can be very challenging. Previous works had explored the use of Oxygen Headspace Analysis to measure CCI at low temperatures. Here, we present the evaluation of CCI of rubber-stoppered aluminosilicate glass vials (Valor®) and plastic vials (Crystal Zenith®) using Helium leak CCIT method at -80oC, with correlation to Residual Seal Force (RSF). The results and their implications are then discussed with regard to the suitability of certain packaging components as frozen storage container closure systems.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent medical students are freshly exposed to the medical subjects and the experience is entirely new and different compared to their earlier school learning. OBJECTIVES: To determine the preferences of learning methods among adolescent medical students and to determine which is the best method for learning different components. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It is a cross – sectional study conducted among the first year MBBS students in the class rooms of GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry for a period of three months using a standard pre – designed and pre – tested “VARK” questionnaire with learning methods as study variables. A class of 150 students was divided into 3 groups of 50 students each. They were initially taught about the different methods of learning by means of a lecture using power point presentation covering three sessions of 40 minutes each. Then, they were sensitized to the “VARK” questionnaire in the next session of 30 minutes and data was collected using the standard pre – designed and pre – tested “VARK” questionnaire. Time given to complete the questionnaire was 20 minutes. RESULTS: Among 134 adolescent medical students, 89 (66.13%) had completed 17 years age, 24 (17.91%) completed 18 years age, 14 (10.46%) completed 19 years age and 7 (5.2%) completed 20 years age. Mean age of students was 17.54±0.32 years. There were 77 (57.5%) females and 57 (42.5%) males. The students mostly preferred kinaesthetic style of learning. CONCLUSION: The present study emphasizes that different students have different learning styles and hence, using only one method of teaching may not benefit all the students.