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BACKGROUND - Shin splints is a frequent injury of the lower extremity and one of the most common causes of exertional leg pain in athletes. The purpose of this study was to find the effectiveness of arch support on shin splints in recreational runners. METHOD - 30 recreational runners (15 male, 15 female) with shin splints during running were included in this study through simple random sampling. Each subject ran 1 km at their comfortable pace without the use of arch support for the 1st week, readings of foot and ankle disability index (FADI), numeric pain rating scales (NPRS) and time were recorded as a pre reading on 7th day and the same was done after the completion of 2nd week of running with arch support as post readings on 14th day. Both pre and post readings of FADI, NPRS and Time of all the 30 subjects were compared. RESULT – After analysis, the study showed significant result between pre and post mean value of foot and ankle disability index (FADI) i.e. (p < 0.05) and non-significant results on numeric pain rating scales (NPRS) and time i.e. (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION – The arch support does not reduce shin splints in recreational runners. however, it is effective in decreasing the foot and ankle disability but ineffective in reducing pain and time.

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: 1. Understand the basic pathology behind Placenta Accreta Spectrum and the importance of accurate pre-natal diagnosis to guide optimal management. 2. Appreciate typical sonographic imaging features and descriptors that point towards a diagnosis of...

Submission note: A thesis presented in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Applied Systems Biology, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Victoria.

Numerous contemporary investigations in condensed matter physics are devoted to high-temperature (high- Tc) cuprate superconductors. Despite its unique effulgence among research subjects, the enigma of the high-Tc mechanism persists. One way to advance its understanding is to discover and study new analogous systems. Here we begin a novel exploration of the natural mineral Murunskite, K2FeCu3S4, as an interpolation compound between cuprates and ferropnictides, the only known high- Tc superconductors at ambient pressure. Because in- depth studies can be carried out only on single crystals, we have mastered the synthesis and growth of high-quality specimens. Similar to the cuprate parent compounds, these show semiconducting behavior in resistivity and optical transmittance, and an antiferromagnetic ordering at 100 K. Spectroscopy (XPS) and calculations (DFT) concur that the sulfur 3p orbitals are partially open, making them accessible for charge manipulation, which is a prerequisite for superconductivity in analogous layered structures. DFT indicates that the valence band is more cuprate-like, while the conduction band is more pnictide-like. With appropriate doping strategies, this parent compound promises exciting future developments.

Refugee populations who have sought permanent asylum in the United States are often ill-equipped with necessary tools and precursors for navigating the U.S. healthcare system. For Bhutanese refugees in particular, their relocation experiences are distinguished by violent refugee camps, separation from their families, and severe discrimination. As a consequence of such trauma, many refugees have developed mental illnesses, such as depression and PTSD. These are paired with staggering physical health disparities in nutritional serum levels, chronic health conditions, and women’s health. Barriers in health education, language and communication, and motivation to participate in their own health care are components of Bhutanese refugees’ lower health literacy in the U.S., contributing to their inability to receive culturally competent care. The absence of health literacy interventions is scarcely acknowledged in the medical field. The primary objective of this thesis is to review surveys and interview data collected from existing studies analyzing refugee experiences of barriers in health literacy, that caused disparities in their health outcomes. Preliminary analysis indicates refugees lack the skills and confidence to engage in health care interactions and preventative measures due to a history of discomfort enduring stigmatization of their unique relocation experiences and insensitivity to their low health literacy from U.S. providers. I identify the most successful solutions practiced in small groups from this literature such as the use of help-seeking and social networks and cultural competency education modules for providers, and propose a plan for future research on this method to improve healthcare outcomes for this population.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are neoplasms derived from neuroendocrine cells which secrete hormones that cause distinct...