Author: "Reeves C" / Database: OpenAIRE - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

78 results on '"Reeves C"'

1. Indoor Air Quality

Author: Lewis, A. C., Allan, James D., Carruthers, David, Carslaw, D.C., Fuller, Gary W, Harrison, Roy M., Heal, Mathew R, Nemitz, Eiko, Reeves, C. E., Carslaw, Nicola, Dengel, Andy, Dimitroulopoulou, Sani, Gupta, Rajat, Fisher, Matthew C, Fowler, David, Marner, Ben B., Moller, Sarah, Maggs, Richard, Murrells, Tim, Martin, N., Quincey, Paul, and Willis, Paul
Abstract: People spend a substantial fraction of their lives indoors (often 80-90%) and so these locations can represent a significant fraction of exposure to air pollution. Indoor air quality is a complex phenomenon but has been studied far less than air quality outdoors. In the absence of indoor sources of pollution, indoor air quality is determined by ingress of outdoor air, balanced with pollutant loss processes such as deposition to surfaces and through ventilation. In reality most enclosed spaces have a wide range of indoor emissions including from buildings materials, furnishings, the use of combustion appliances such as gas and solid fuel cookers, boilers and stoves, the consumption of solvent-containing products, and the use of consumer products (e.g. cleaning and personal care products). Individuals themselves are a source of emissions that include CO2, human bio-effluents and biological aerosols such as viruses. Some factors are outside an occupant’s control, such as building fabric or ventilation in public spaces or the workplace, however individual behaviour and activities are a significant determinant of indoor air pollutant concentrations. Consequently, a person’s actions can directly influence the concentrations they experience. This contrasts with outdoors where concentrations are to a large degree controlled through the aggregation of collective societal emissions. Since dispersion is much more limited indoors, compared to outdoors, even modest emissions indoors can result in high indoor concentrations.There is extensive qualitative information on how individual processes, materials and activities can lead to emissions indoors, including the detailed chemical speciation of the pollutants released. Many of the key outdoor pollutants are found to be important indoors, such as particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO), although there is limited evidence of whether the toxicity of PM indoors differs from outdoors. There are aspects of pollution found indoors that are notably different to outdoors. Mould and damp can lead to elevated concentrations of biological aerosols when compared to those found typically outdoors. The indoor environment can accumulate much higher concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) than are found outdoors in the UK, due to their release from construction and furnishing materials and use of cleaning and personal care products.Whilst comprehensive inventories exist that list the myriad different chemicals that are emitted indoors, AQEG found only limited information that places those emissions on a quantitative footing, e.g., expressing emissions of a pollutant as mass per unit of activity, person, or consumption. In this report, the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) has been a key source of information on indoor emissions in the UK. Although the NAEI is not designed specifically for the purposes of evaluating indoor air quality, sources of pollution arising from buildings are significant to outdoor air quality and their emissions at a national scale are captured and reported as part of transboundary emissions obligations. Particularly notable are emissions of VOCs, of which >14% occur indoors according to the NAEI (for contrast only 0.1% of NOx and 0.7% of PM2.5 emissions occur indoors). Major sources include aerosol propellants and decorating products such as paints and varnishes.A complex mix of ventilation and product emission regulations and guidelines have an impact on indoor air quality, but these are not always well-integrated with one another or used to their best effect. Standards for acceptable ventilation rates are included in Buildings Regulations in the UK; high VOC content products such as paints have been regulated through EU Directives, and numerous labelling schemes exist for construction products across Europe, but not in the UK. Less well defined are standards for acceptable concentrations of air pollutant indoors. Advisory health-based guideline values on selected indoor air pollutants issued by WHO and UKHSA (formerly PHE) do not have any statutory underpinning. In the workplace there are limits on occupational exposure to a range of airborne chemicals. These assume that the time spent in these settings is limited and those exposed are healthy adults, so they are set at high time-weighted concentrations. Occupational indoor air quality standards are likely not appropriate for a wider population that includes children, elderly and vulnerable individuals.A major area of uncertainty identified relates to current concentrations of indoor air pollution in UK homes and their trends over time. Most AQEG reports on outdoor air quality can draw on extensive observational data collected through national, local authority and research networks, on many different pollutants, and often over multi-decadal periods. No such datasets exists for indoor air quality in the UK. Instead, the only quantitative evidence on indoor air quality comes from individual research studies in specific indoor micro-environments (e.g., homes, schools, transport, rail stations, shops etc.) with fragmented and inconsistent pollutant speciation. Most research studies report information for only a small number of pollutants over a short period of sampling, providing only a snapshot of concentrations and with limited data on occupant activities.Since it is impossible to measure everywhere at once, outdoor air quality management assumes that given suitable criteria, representative assessments of concentrations can be made from a limited number of representative monitoring locations such as roadside, urban background and rural. It is however challenging to characterise a ‘representative’ indoor space that can be used as a reference point or a baseline against which other locations can be compared. A consequence is that it is impossible to generate a holistic and quantitative picture of current concentrations in UK buildings, or how this may have changed over time. It is also challenging to use measurements to evaluate those processes that determine indoor air quality, or to draw general or widely applicable conclusions on the effectiveness of interventions. Compared to outdoors, conducting detailed observations in homes is practically difficult and resource intensive, and each experiment runs the risk of being unrepresentative of other indoor locations. What emerges from research measurements of indoor air is the exceptional heterogeneity of chemicals found, and with a far greater range of concentrations than are encountered in typical ambient outdoor air in the UK.There are currently rather limited capabilities to model and predict indoor concentrations (or personal exposure). For outdoor air, there is comprehensive model infrastructure to estimate concentrations of pollution at any given point in space or time, through combining emissions data, chemical mechanisms and meteorological fields. Outdoor models are routinely tested against observations to evaluate their performance, and in some cases, observations are used to improve model forecasts. The indoor environment lacks this same degree of predictive capability, in large part because of the uncertainty in potential contributing emission sources. This compromises attempts to estimate exposure and health effects, or the use of models to evaluate potential interventions. There are detailed chemical mechanisms that describe indoor gas and particle-phase reactions, developed as extensions of schemes used for outdoor models. However, these models frequently lack building and occupant-specific emission rates into indoor spaces, or parameterisation of ventilation, temperature, relative humidity, lighting, and air exchange of individual buildings. The key role played by occupant behaviours in controlling factors such as ventilation and frequency of use of consumer products that emit, means that identical homes can often experience widely differing levels of indoor air quality.Determining whether indoor or outdoor air quality is the greater contributor to overall exposure is not straightforward. For any individual, it will depend uniquely on time spent in each environment, their home, its location, ventilation, choices of activity indoors and crucially which pollutant is being considered. The home is also not the only indoor environment that people experience. Elevated concentrations of pollution have been reported in studies of air quality in UK schools and hospitals, of particular significance given they are occupied by more vulnerable groups. Transport micro-environments are also a significant route of exposure, inside cars, buses and trains and transport hub buildings. Looking across the literature, peak indoor reported concentrations of PM2.5 can often be higher than those that are experienced outdoors. For NO2 the picture is mixed; outdoors at the roadside concentrations are often higher than are typically reported indoors, except when there is unextracted gas cooking. For biological aerosols, carbon monoxide and many VOCs, literature reported indoor concentrations in the UK are often significantly higher than outdoors.There are numerous interventions that would likely improve indoor air quality including eliminating emissions from highly polluting sources such as solid fuel burners, improving building quality, and the development of lower emission product standards with accompanying labelling. Reducing emissions from these sources would also benefit outdoor air quality as well.Anticipated improvements in outdoor air quality, as set out in the Clean Air Strategy, should also feed through into better indoor air quality, since air exchange will remain a key factor in determining indoor concentrations. However, it should be noted that in some urban and road-side locations ozone concentrations are likely to increase and that if brought in to buildings nearby could increase rates of indoor air chemistry. There are direct opportunities to further improve indoor quality through increased ventilation in buildings (including homes, commercial and public spaces), an issue which has increased significantly in public prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The enclosed nature of indoor spaces makes them amenable to air quality improvement through active air filtration systems for particulate matter, although these may incur tradeoffs that include capital / operational costs and long-term changes in exposure to bioaerosols that may have uncertain impacts on health. Caution is noted regarding other air cleaning technologies such as those using UV light, ozone, peroxyl radicals or ionizing reactions, which have the potential to be detrimental to indoor air quality through the creation of harmful secondary pollutants.
Published: 2022
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2. A review of end of life care for people with dementia in UK care homes: staff and family carer perceptions

Author: Reeves, C, Lillie, AK, and Burrow, S
Subjects: mental disorders, RC521
Abstract: Dementia is the leading cause of death in England and Wales. Since the Dementia Strategy there has been an increasing emphasis on advance care planning, empowering people with dementia to express their wishes before mental capacity is lost, in order to promote a ‘good death’ enabling them to ‘die well’. This literature review of end of life care for people with dementia in English care homes shows that dementia is still not widely regarded as a ‘terminal condition’ and residents of care homes sometimes face unnecessary admissions to hospital in the dying phase. People with dementia at the end of their lives are still not accessing appropriate and timely palliative care routinely and advance care planning is still not part of routine dementia care despite the evidence and recommendations. This denies them the known benefits of reduced patient and carer distress, reduced hospital admissions, inappropriate treatments, upholding the principles of person centred care, decision making and ensuring that people with dementia can expect a ‘good death’.
Published: 2019

3. Early lipofuscin accumulation in frontal lobe epilepsy

Author: Liu, J. Y. W., Reeves, C., Diehl, B., Coppola, A., Al-Hajri, A., Hoskote, C., Mughairy, S. A., Tachrount, M., Groves, M., Michalak, Z., Mills, K., McEvoy, A. W., Miserocchi, A., Sisodiya, S. M., Thom, M., Liu, J. Y. W., Reeves, C., Diehl, B., Coppola, A., Al-Hajri, A., Hoskote, C., Mughairy, S. A., Tachrount, M., Groves, M., Michalak, Z., Mills, K., Mcevoy, A. W., Miserocchi, A., Sisodiya, S. M., and Thom, M.
Published: 2016

4. Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumors in epilepsy: dysplasia or neoplasia?

Author: Thom, M, Liu, J, Bongaarts, A, Reinten, Rj, Paradiso, B, Jäger, Hr, Reeves, C, Somani, A, An, S, Marsdon, D, Mcevoy, A, Miserocchi, A, Thorne, L, Newman, F, Bucur, S, Honavar, M, Jacques, T, and Aronica, E.
Subjects: Adult, Male, Genotyping Techniques, Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue, neuronal, Humans, Child, Multinodular vacuolating neuronal tumor, Research Articles, Aged, Neurons, Epilepsy, Brain Neoplasms, tumour, Brain, Cell Differentiation, Middle Aged, Immunohistochemistry, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vacuolating, Multinodular, Malformations of Cortical Development, Group I, Mutation, Female, Neoplasm Grading, Neuroglia, Research Article
Abstract: Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) is a new pattern of neuronal tumour included in the recently revised WHO 2016 classification of tumors of the CNS. There are 15 reports in the literature to date. They are typically associated with late onset epilepsy and a neoplastic vs. malformative biology has been questioned. We present a series of ten cases and compare their pathological and genetic features to better characterized epilepsy‐associated malformations including focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) and low‐grade epilepsy‐associated tumors (LEAT). Clinical and neuroradiology data were reviewed and a broad immunohistochemistry panel was applied to explore neuronal and glial differentiation, interneuronal populations, mTOR pathway activation and neurodegenerative changes. Next generation sequencing was performed for targeted multi‐gene analysis to identify mutations common to epilepsy lesions including FCDII and LEAT. All of the surgical cases in this series presented with seizures, and were located in the temporal lobe. There was a lack of any progressive changes on serial pre‐operative MRI and a mean age at surgery of 45 years. The vacuolated cells of the lesion expressed mature neuronal markers (neurofilament/SMI32, MAP2, synaptophysin). Prominent labelling of the lesional cells for developmentally regulated proteins (OTX1, TBR1, SOX2, MAP1b, CD34, GFAPδ) and oligodendroglial lineage markers (OLIG2, SMI94) was observed. No mutations were detected in the mTOR pathway genes, BRAF, FGFR1 or MYB. Clinical, pathological and genetic data could indicate that MVNT aligns more with a malformative lesion than a true neoplasm with origin from a progenitor neuro‐glial cell type showing aberrant maturation.
Published: 2017

5. Mental health training for community maternity workers in Nepal

Author: van Teijlingen, Edwin, Simkhada, Padam, Devkota, B., Maharjan, S.K., Sherchan, L., Silwal, R.C., Acharya, K., Bishnu, G.C., Maharjan, R.K., Simkhada, B., Ireland, Jillian, Stephens, J., Fanning, C., Sharma, G., Pradhan, S., Mackay, S., Fawcett, I., Lawrie, A., Havelock, D., Murphy, L., Bista, S., Reeves, C., and Douglas, D
Subjects: education
Abstract: Background: Mental health is a difficult topic to discuss in Nepal. This makes it hard for front-line maternity-care providers to start a discussion about mental health issues with women. As Nepal has not yet recognised midwifery as a profession, this UK-funded programme (THET) aims to train community health workers i.e. Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) on mental health issues related to pregnancy. Purpose/Objective: This needs assessment, of all ANMs working in one district, assesses knowledge of perinatal mental health issues and future training needs. Method: This quantitative study used a structure questionnaire in Nepali at the start of the training of ANMs. The questions covered knowledge, views on mental health and illness and previous training on the topic. Ethical approval was granted by the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC). Key Findings: In total 74 questionnaires were returned (out of 76). With 97% of ANMSs reporting they never had specific training issues around perinatal mental health. Their knowledge on perinatal mental health is poor, half of them are not aware that pregnancy and childbirth can cause mental illness. People do not talk openly about mental health problem in their local community. Most ANM thought specialised training on perinatal mental health would be useful. Discussion: Mental health in pregnancy/childbirth is often ignored especially in low-income countries like Nepal. In a country without recognised midwives there is a great need to improve attitudes and skills among community-based maternity workers who lacking training on maternity-related mental health issues. There is a great need for a national curriculum to facilitate relevant training.
Published: 2017

6. The impact of oculomotor functioning on neuropsychological performance in Huntington disease

Author: Carvalho, JO, Long, JD, Westervelt, HJ, Smith, MM, Bruce, JM, Kim, JI, Mills, JA, Paulsen, JS, De Soriano, I, Shadrick, C, Miller, A, Chiu, E, Preston, J, Goh, A, Antonopoulos, S, Loi, S, Chua, P, Komiti, A, Raymond, L, Decolongon, J, Fan, M, Coleman, A, Ross, CA, Varvaris, M, Ong, M, Yoritomo, N, Mallonee, WM, Suter, G, Samii, A, Freney, EP, Macaraeg, A, Jones, R, Wood-Siverio, C, Factor, SA, Barker, RA, Mason, S, Guzman, NV, McCusker, E, Griffith, J, Loy, C, McMillan, J, Gunn, D, Orth, M, Süßmuth, S, Barth, K, Trautmann, S, Schwenk, D, Eschenbach, C, Quaid, K, Wesson, M, Wojcieszek, J, Guttman, M, Sheinberg, A, Law, A, Karmalkar, I, Perlman, S, Clemente, B, Geschwind, MD, Sha, S, Winer, J, Satris, G, Warner, T, Burrows, M, Rosser, A, Price, K, Hunt, S, Marshall, F, Chesire, A, Wodarski, M, Hickey, C, Panegyres, P, Lee, J, Tedesco, M, Maxwell, B, Perlmutter, J, Barton, S, Smith, S, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Rae, D, Vaughan, V, D'Alessandro, M, Craufurd, D, Bek, J, Howard, E, Mazzoni, P, Marder, K, Wasserman, P, Kumar, R, Erickson, D, Reeves, C, Nickels, B, Wheelock, V, Kjer, L, Martin, A, and Farias, S
Subjects: genetic structures
Abstract: © 2016 Taylor & Francis. Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative condition with prominent motor (including oculomotor), cognitive, and psychiatric effects. While neuropsychological deficits are present in HD, motor impairments may impact performance on neuropsychological measures, especially those requiring a speeded response, as has been demonstrated in multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. The current study is the first to explore associations between oculomotor functions and neuropsychological performance in HD. Participants with impaired oculomotor functioning performed worse than those with normal oculomotor functioning on cognitive tasks requiring oculomotor involvement, particularly on psychomotor speed tasks, controlling for covariates. Consideration of oculomotor dysfunction on neuropsychological performance is critical, particularly for populations with motor deficits.
Published: 2016
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7. NOx and O3 above a tropical rainforest: an analysis with a global and box model

Author: Pike, R. C., Lee, J. D., Young, P. J., Carver, G. D., Yang, X., Warwick, N., Moller, S., Misztal, P., Langford, Ben, Stewart, D., Reeves, C. E., Hewitt, C. N., and Pyle, J. A.
Subjects: lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract: A cross-platform field campaign, OP3, was conducted in the state of Sabah in Malaysian Borneo between April and July of 2008. Among the suite of observations recorded, the campaign included measurements of NOx and O3 – crucial outputs of any model chemistry mechanism. We describe the measurements of these species made from both the ground site and aircraft. We then use the output from two resolutions of the chemistry transport model p-TOMCAT to illustrate the ability of a global model chemical mechanism to capture the chemistry at the rainforest site. The basic model performance is good for NOx and poor for ozone. A box model containing the same chemical mechanism is used to explore the results of the global model in more depth and make comparisons between the two. Without some parameterization of the nighttime boundary layer – free troposphere mixing (i.e. the use of a dilution parameter), the box model does not reproduce the observations, pointing to the importance of adequately representing physical processes for comparisons with surface measurements. We conclude with a discussion of box model budget calculations of chemical reaction fluxes, deposition and mixing, and compare these results to output from p-TOMCAT. These show the same chemical mechanism behaves similarly in both models, but that emissions and advection play particularly strong roles in influencing the comparison to surface measurements.
Published: 2010

8. Multivariate clustering of progression profiles reveals different depression patterns in prodromal huntington disease

Author: Kim, JI, Long, JD, Mills, JA, McCusker, E, Paulsen, JS, De Soriano, I, Shadrick, C, Miller, A, Chiu, E, Preston, J, Goh, A, Antonopoulos, S, Loi, S, Chua, P, Komiti, A, Raymond, L, Decolongon, J, Fan, M, Coleman, A, Ross, CA, Varvaris, M, Ong, M, Yoritomo, N, Mallonee, WM, Suter, G, Samii, A, Freney, EP, Macaraeg, A, Jones, R, Wood-Siverio, C, Factor, SA, Barker, RA, Mason, S, Guzman, NV, Griffith, J, Loy, C, McMillan, J, Gunn, D, Orth, M, Süßmuth, S, Barth, K, Trautmann, S, Schwenk, D, Eschenbach, C, Quaid, K, Wesson, M, Wojcieszek, J, Guttman, M, Sheinberg, A, Law, A, Karmalkar, I, Perlman, S, Clemente, B, Geschwind, MD, Sha, S, Winer, J, Satris, G, Warner, T, Burrows, M, Rosser, A, Price, K, Hunt, S, Marshall, F, Chesire, A, Wodarski, M, Hickey, C, Panegyres, P, Lee, J, Tedesco, M, Maxwell, B, Perlmutter, J, Barton, S, Smith, S, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Rae, D, Vaughan, V, D'Alessandro, M, Craufurd, D, Bek, J, Howard, E, Mazzoni, P, Marder, K, Wasserman, P, Kumar, R, Erickson, D, Reeves, C, Nickels, B, Wheelock, V, Kjer, L, Martin, A, Farias, S, Martin, W, Suchowersky, O, King, P, Wieler, M, Sran, S, Ahmed, A, and Rao, S
Abstract: Objective: Although Huntington disease (HD) is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation, its phenotypic presentation differs widely. Variability in clinical phenotypes of HD may reflect the existence of disease subtypes. This hypothesis was tested in prodromal participants from the longitudinal Neurobiological Predictors of Huntington Disease (PREDICT-HD) study. Method: We performed clustering using longitudinal data assessing motor, cognitive, and depression symptoms. Using data from 521 participants with 2,716 data points, we fit growth mixture models (GMM) that identify groups based on multivariate trajectories. Results: In various GMM, different phases of disease progression were partitioned by progression trajectories of motor and cognitive signs, and by overall level of depression symptoms. More progressed motor signs were accompanied by more progressed cognitive signs, but not always by higher levels of depressive symptoms. In several models, there were at least 2 groups with similar trajectories for motor and cognitive signs that showed different levels for depression symptoms- one with a very low level of depression and the other with a higher level of depression. Conclusions: Findings indicate that at least intermediate HD progression might be associated with different levels of depression. Depression is one of the few symptoms that is treatable in HD and has implications for clinical care. Identification of potential depression subtypes may also help to select appropriate patients for clinical trials.
Published: 2015
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9. Prefrontal cortex white matter tracts in prodromal Huntington disease

Author: Matsui, JT, Vaidya, JG, Wassermann, D, Kim, RE, Magnotta, VA, Johnson, HJ, Paulsen, JS, Isabella De Soriano, Shadrick, C, Miller, A, Edmond Chiu, Preston, J, Goh, A, Antonopoulos, S, Loi, S, Chua, P, Komiti, A, Lynn Raymond, Decolongon, J, Fan, M, Coleman, A, Christopher, AR, Varvaris, M, Ong, M, Yoritomo, N, Mallonee, WM, Suter, G, Samii, A, Freney, EP, Macaraeg, A, Jones, R, Wood-Siverio, C, Factor, SA, Barker, RA, Mason, S, Guzman, NV, McCusker, E, Griffith, J, Loy, C, McMillan, J, Gunn, D, Orth, M, Sübmuth, S, Barth, K, Trautmann, S, Schwenk, D, Eschenbach, C, Quaid, K, Wesson, M, Wojcieszek, J, Guttman, M, Sheinberg, A, Law, A, Karmalkar, I, Perlman, S, Clemente, B, Geschwind, MD, Sha, S, Winer, J, Satris, G, Warner, T, Burrows, M, Rosser, A, Price, K, Hunt, S, Marshall, F, Chesire, A, Wodarski, M, Hickey, C, Panegyres, P, Lee, J, Tedesco, M, Maxwell, B, Perlmutter, J, Barton, S, Smith, S, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Rae, D, Vaughan, V, D'Alessandro, M, Craufurd, D, Bek, J, Howard, E, Mazzoni, P, Marder, K, Wasserman, P, Kumar, R, Erickson, D, Reeves, C, Nickels, B, Wheelock, V, Kjer, L, and Martin, A
Abstract: © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Huntington disease (HD) is most widely known for its selective degeneration of striatal neurons but there is also growing evidence for white matter (WM) deterioration. The primary objective of this research was to conduct a large-scale analysis using multisite diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) tractography data to quantify diffusivity properties along major prefrontal cortex WM tracts in prodromal HD. Fifteen international sites participating in the PREDICT-HD study collected imaging and neuropsychological data on gene-positive HD participants without a clinical diagnosis (i.e., prodromal) and gene-negative control participants. The anatomical prefrontal WM tracts of the corpus callosum (PFCC), anterior thalamic radiations (ATRs), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi (IFO), and uncinate fasciculi (UNC) were identified using streamline tractography of DWI. Within each of these tracts, tensor scalars for fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity coefficients were calculated. We divided prodromal HD subjects into three CAG-age product (CAP) groups having Low, Medium, or High probabilities of onset indexed by genetic exposure. We observed significant differences in WM properties for each of the four anatomical tracts for the High CAP group in comparison to controls. Additionally, the Medium CAP group presented differences in the ATR and IFO in comparison to controls. Furthermore, WM alterations in the PFCC, ATR, and IFO showed robust associations with neuropsychological measures of executive functioning. These results suggest long-range tracts essential for cross-region information transfer show early vulnerability in HD and may explain cognitive problems often present in the prodromal stage.
Published: 2015
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10. Multivariate prediction of motor diagnosis in Huntington's disease: 12 years of PREDICT-HD

Author: Long, JD, Paulsen, JS, Soriano, ID, Shadrick, C, Miller, A, Chiu, E, Preston, J, Goh, A, Antonopoulos, S, Loi, S, Chua, P, Komiti, A, Raymond, L, Decolongon, J, Fan, M, Coleman, A, Ross, CA, Varvaris, M, Ong, M, Yoritomo, N, Mallonee, WM, Suter, G, Samii, A, Freney, EP, Macaraeg, A, Jones, R, Wood-Siverio, C, Factor, SA, Barker, RA, Mason, S, Guzman, NV, McCusker, E, Griffith, J, Loy, C, McMillan, J, Gunn, D, Orth, M, Submuth, S, Barth, K, Trautmann, S, Schwenk, D, Eschenbach, C, Quaid, K, Wesson, M, Wojcieszek, J, Guttman, M, Sheinberg, A, Law, A, Karmalkar, I, Perlman, S, Clemente, B, Geschwind, MD, Sha, S, Winer, J, Satris, G, Warner, T, Burrows, M, Rosser, A, Price, K, Hunt, S, Marshall, F, Chesire, A, Wodarski, M, Hickey, C, Panegyres, P, Lee, J, Tedesco, M, Maxwell, B, Perlmutter, J, Barton, S, Smith, S, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Rae, D, Vaughan, V, D'Alessandro, M, Craufurd, D, Bek, J, Howard, E, Mazzoni, P, Marder, K, Wasserman, P, Kumar, R, Erickson, D, Reeves, C, Nickels, B, Wheelock, V, Kjer, L, Martin, A, Farias, S, Martin, W, Suchowersky, O, King, P, Wieler, M, and Sran, S
Abstract: © 2015 The Authors. Background: It is well known in Huntington's disease that cytosine-adenine-guanine expansion and age at study entry are predictive of the timing of motor diagnosis. The goal of this study was to assess whether additional motor, imaging, cognitive, functional, psychiatric, and demographic variables measured at study entry increased the ability to predict the risk of motor diagnosis over 12 years. Methods: One thousand seventy-eight Huntington's disease gene-expanded carriers (64% female) from the Neurobiological Predictors of Huntington's Disease study were followed up for up to 12 y (mean=5, standard deviation=3.3) covering 2002 to 2014. No one had a motor diagnosis at study entry, but 225 (21%) carriers prospectively received a motor diagnosis. Analysis was performed with random survival forests, which is a machine learning method for right-censored data. Results: Adding 34 variables along with cytosine-adenine-guanine and age substantially increased predictive accuracy relative to cytosine-adenine-guanine and age alone. Adding six of the common motor and cognitive variables (total motor score, diagnostic confidence level, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, three Stroop tests) resulted in lower predictive accuracy than the full set, but still had twice the 5-y predictive accuracy than when using cytosine-adenine-guanine and age alone. Additional analysis suggested interactions and nonlinear effects that were characterized in a post hoc Cox regression model. Conclusions: Measurement of clinical variables can substantially increase the accuracy of predicting motor diagnosis over and above cytosine-adenine-guanine and age (and their interaction). Estimated probabilities can be used to characterize progression level and aid in future studies' sample selection.
Published: 2015
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11. Enhancements in nocturnal surface ozone at urban sites in the UK

Author: Kulkarni, Pavan S., Bortoli, D., Silva, A. M., and Reeves, C. E.
Subjects: Daytime, Ozone, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Bimodal diurnal variation, Nocturnal, Atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Surface ozone, Air pollutants, Urban background, Environmental Chemistry, UK, Nitrogen oxides, Air Pollutants, Nocturnal surface ozone, Diurnal temperature variation, Urbanization, General Medicine, Pollution, United Kingdom, chemistry, Environmental science, Nitrogen Oxides, Seasons, Urban background stations, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Analysis of diurnal patterns of surface ozone (O3) at multiple urban sites in the UK shows the occurrence of prominent nocturnal enhancements during the winter months (November-March). Whilst nocturnal surface ozone (NSO) enhancement events have been observed at other locations, this is the first time that such features have been demonstrated to occur in the UK and the second location globally. The observed NSO enhancement events in the UK were found to be so prevalent that they are clearly discernible in monthly diurnal cycles averaged over several years of data. Long-term (2000-2010) analysis of hourly surface ozone data from 18 urban background stations shows a bimodal diurnal variation during the winter months with a secondary nighttime peak around 0300 hours along with the primary daytime peak. For all but one site, the daily maxima NSO concentrations during the winter months exceeded 60 ?g/m3 on >20 % of the nights. The highest NSO value recorded was 118 ?g/m3. During the months of November, December, and January, the monthly averaged O3 concentrations observed at night (0300 h) even exceeded those observed in the daytime (1300 h). The analysis also shows that these NSO enhancements can last for several hours and were regional in scale, extending across several stations simultaneously. Interestingly, the urban sites in the north of the UK exhibited higher NSO than the sites in the south of the UK, despite their daily maxima being similar. In part, this seems to be related to the sites in the north typically having lower concentrations of nitrogen oxides.Analysis of diurnal patterns of surface ozone (O3) at multiple urban sites in the UK shows the occurrence of prominent nocturnal enhancements during the winter months (November-March). Whilst nocturnal surface ozone (NSO) enhancement events have been observed at other locations, this is the first time that such features have been demonstrated to occur in the UK and the second location globally. The observed NSO enhancement events in the UK were found to be so prevalent that they are clearly discernible in monthly diurnal cycles averaged over several years of data. Long-term (2000-2010) analysis of hourly surface ozone data from 18 urban background stations shows a bimodal diurnal variation during the winter months with a secondary nighttime peak around 0300 hours along with the primary daytime peak. For all but one site, the daily maxima NSO concentrations during the winter months exceeded 60 ?g/m3 on >20 % of the nights. The highest NSO value recorded was 118 ?g/m3. During the months of November, December, and January, the monthly averaged O3 concentrations observed at night (0300 h) even exceeded those observed in the daytime (1300 h). The analysis also shows that these NSO enhancements can last for several hours and were regional in scale, extending across several stations simultaneously. Interestingly, the urban sites in the north of the UK exhibited higher NSO than the sites in the south of the UK, despite their daily maxima being similar. In part, this seems to be related to the sites in the north typically having lower concentrations of nitrogen oxides.
Published: 2015
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12. British High Streets: from Crisis to Recovery? A Comprehensive Review of the Evidence

Author: Wrigley, N, Lambiri, D, Astbury, G, Dolega, L, Hart, C, Reeves, C, Thurstain-Goodwin, M, and Wood, Steve
Abstract: In one of the most exhaustive evidence reviews into high streets, town centres and consumer habits ever conducted in Britain, researchers at the University of Southampton have highlighted that seismic shifts in consumer behaviour, combined with significant technological innovations, are having a deep and profound impact on the evolution of UK high streets.Funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and commissioned by the Government’s advisory group The Future High Streets Forum, this report comes at a time when radical shifts in consumer culture and practices are becoming increasingly apparent and widely discussed in public debate on what is changing UK town centres and high streets.This review offers an important resource for many groups with stakes in British town centres and high streets. It reflects the fact that reversing the decline of Britain’s high streets can only be achieved through research and informed discussion and by harnessing the goodwill and common purpose which has recently been displayed by the many stakeholders in the retail, hospitality, property and leisure sectors in working together to understand and address those challenges.
Published: 2015
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13. BRAF V600E mutations in glioneuronal tumours in epilepsy

Author: Thom, M, Schneider, C, Paradiso, Beatrice, Liu, J, Reeves, C, Pardo Jardim, A, An, S, and Brandner, S.
Published: 2015

14. Radical chemistry at night: comparisons between observed and modelled HOx, NO3 and N2O5 during the RONOCO project

Author: Stone, D, Evans, M J, Walker, H, Ingham, T, Vaughan, S, Ouyang, B, Kennedy, O J, McLeod, M W, Jones, R L, Hopkins, J, Punjabi, S, Lidster, R, Hamilton, J F, Lee, J D, Lewis, A C, Carpenter, L J, Forster, G, Oram, D E, Reeves, C E, Bauguitte, S, Morgan, W, Coe, H, Aruffo, E, Dari-Salisburgo, C, Giammaria, F, Di Carlo, P, and Heard, D E
Subjects: gas-phase ozonolysis, nitrates, broad-band lidar, mcm v3 part, master chemical mechanism, new-york-city, volatile organic-compounds, lcsh:QC1-999, ozone, pollution, laser-induced fluorescence, tropical rain-forest, lcsh:Chemistry, marine boundary-layer, lcsh:QD1-999, peroxy-radicals, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: The RONOCO (ROle of Nighttime chemistry in controlling the Oxidising Capacity of the AtmOsphere) aircraft campaign during July 2010 and January 2011 made observations of OH, HO2, NO3, N2O5 and a number of supporting measurements at night over the UK, and reflects the first simultaneous airborne measurements of these species. We compare the observed concentrations of these short-lived species with those calculated by a box model constrained by the concentrations of the longer lived species using a detailed chemical scheme. OH concentrations were below the limit of detection, consistent with model predictions. The model systematically underpredicts HO2 by ~200% and overpredicts NO3 and N2O5 by around 80 and 50%, respectively. Cycling between NO3 and N2O5 is fast and thus we define the NO3x (NO3x=NO3+N2O5) family. Production of NO3x is overwhelmingly dominated by the reaction of NO2 with O3, whereas its loss is dominated by aerosol uptake of N2O5, with NO3+VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and NO3+RO2 playing smaller roles. The production of HOx and ROx radicals is mainly due to the reaction of NO3 with VOCs. The loss of these radicals occurs through a combination of HO2+RO2 reactions, heterogeneous processes and production of HNO3 from OH+NO2, with radical propagation primarily achieved through reactions of NO3 with peroxy radicals. Thus NO3 at night plays a similar role to both OH and NO during the day in that it both initiates ROx radical production and acts to propagate the tropospheric oxidation chain. Model sensitivity to the N2O5 aerosol uptake coefficient (γN2O5) is discussed and we find that a value of γN2O5=0.05 improves model simulations for NO3 and N2O5, but that these improvements are at the expense of model success for HO2. Improvements to model simulations for HO2, NO3 and N2O5 can be realised simultaneously on inclusion of additional unsaturated volatile organic compounds, however the nature of these compounds is extremely uncertain.
Published: 2014
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15. Role of aerosol uptake in controlling the oxidation of isoprene through reaction with NO3: model analyses of aircraft observations during RONOCO campaign

Author: Biancofiore, F., DI CARLO, Piero, Aruffo, E., Dari Salisburgo, C., Busilacchio, M., Giammaria, F., Reeves, C., Moller, S., Lee, J., Evans, M., Stone, D., Jones, R. L., and Ouyang, B.
Published: 2013

16. Aircraft simultaneous measurements of NO2, total peroxy nitrate, total alkyl nitrate, and HNO3: observations and main results from UK, Boreal forest and Central Italy

Author: DI CARLO, Piero, Aruffo, Eleonora, Busilacchio, M., Giammaria, F., Dari Salisburgo, C., Biancofiore, F., Visconti, G., Lee, J., Moller, S., Reeves, C. E., Bauguitte, S., Forster, G., Jones, R. L., Ouyang, B., Palmer, P. I., Parrington, M., Mcquaid, J., and Krejci, R.
Published: 2013

17. Pre-crash evaluation: final status

Author: Rodarius, C., Seiniger, P., Baurès, S., Waagmeester, K., Aparicio, A., Vissers, J.P.M., Ranovona, M., McCarthy, M., Lloyd, L., Muirhead, M., and Reeves, C.
Subjects: Mobility, TS - Technical Sciences, IVS - Integrated Vehicle Safety, Reliable Mobility Systems, Traffic, Mechatronics, Mechanics & Materials
Abstract: Based on the test scenarios and target specifications as described in the ASSESS deliverable D4.2 “Draft test and assessment protocol” a second series of pre-crash evaluation tests have been carried out by BAST, IDIADA, TNO and DAIMLER. Like in the first series of test conducted by BASt and IDIADA within the second series only rear-end manoeuvres were conducted. This was in line with the specifications of the test vehicles and the available laboratory equipment. The main objective of the second series was to check the reproducibility and repeatability of the specified test program and the capability of the various laboratories with the newly implemented laboratory updates as realized within the ASSESS project.
Published: 2012

18. Aircraft Observations of NOy above UK during RONOCO campaign: implication for ΣANS and ozone production

Author: Aruffo, E., DI CARLO, Piero, Dari Salisburgo, C., Biancofiore, F., Giammaria, F., Moller, S., Lee, J., Bauguitte, S., Vaughan, S., Morgan, W., Jones, R., Forster, G., and Reeves, C.
Published: 2012

19. Tropospheric ozone budget: nighttime observation during the RONOCO campaign on-board the BAe-146 aircraft

Author: DI CARLO, Piero, Aruffo, E., Dari Salisburgo, C., Biancofiore, F., Busilacchio, M., Giammaria, F., Reeves, C., Forster, G., Moller, S., Lee, J., Bauguitte, S., Parcival, C., Le Breton, M., Muller, J., Ouyang, B., Kennedy, O., and Jones, R.
Published: 2012

20. NO3 oxidation of isoprene: model analyses of aircraft observations during RONOCO campaign

Author: Biancofiore, F., DI CARLO, Piero, Aruffo, E., Dari Salisburgo, C., Busilacchio, M., Giammaria, F., Reeves, C., Forster, G., Moller, S., Lee, J., Bauguitte, S., Parcival, C., Le Breton, M., Muller, J., Ouyang, B., Kennedy, O., and Jones, R.
Published: 2012

21. Emission estimates of several long lived ozone depleting substances and greenhouse gases from top-down modeling

Author: Newland, M., Oram, D., Laube, J., Hogan, C., Sturges, B., Reeves, C., Martinerie, P., Fraser, P., Witrant, Emmanuel, Blunier, T., Schwander, J., Brenninkmeijer, C., Schuck, T., Bolder, M., Röckmann, T., Van Der Veen, C., Bönisch, H., Engel, A., Mills, G., School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), GIPSA - Systèmes linéaires et robustesse (GIPSA-SLR), Département Automatique (GIPSA-DA), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ice and Climate [Copenhagen], Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Physics Institute, University of Berne, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] (IMAU), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Institute for Atmosphere and Environment, University of Frankfurt, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SLR (GIPSA-SLR), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Witrant, Emmanuel
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, [SDU.STU.GL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology
Abstract: International audience; Halons are a class of bromine containing haloalkanes which have been used since the early 1950s in ﬁre ﬁghting and explosion protection applications because of their highly inert chemical nature. This means that they generally do not break down in the troposphere but enter the stratosphere where they photodissociate and the resulting bromine acts as a catalyst in the destruction of ozone. These gases are entirely anthropogenic in origin and their production has been restricted since 1994 under the Montreal Protocol. Hydroﬂuorocarbons (HFCs) are a second stage replacement for chloroﬂuorocarbons (CFCs) and contain no chlorine or bromine, however there are concerns over the high global warming potentials that some have. SF5CF3 has grown rapidly in the atmosphere since the 1960s and has one of the highest global mean radiative forcings of any molecule discovered in the atmosphere. It is thought to be a by-product of ﬂuorochemical production or of SF6 breakdown in high voltage equipment. Time series for the four main halons: H-1211, H-1301, H-2402 and H-1202, as well as the CFC replacement, HFC-227ea and the long-lived greenhouse gas SF5CF3 :are reported. For the halons and SF5CF3 the measurements were derived from background air ﬂask samples from Cape Grim, Tasmania, dating back to 1978. For HFC-227ea the measurements were from ﬁrn air samples taken as part of the NEEM drilling project, Greenland. We report that concentrations of H-1211 and H-1301 have stopped growing in recent years, while H-2402 and, in particular, H-1202 have shown a signiﬁcant decline. HFC-227ea has grown rapidly since its introduction in the early 1990s and is still rising, though the emissions derived from the model are signiﬁcantly lower than those derived from the EDGAR emissions database. SF5CF3 is shown to have increased rapidly since the 1970s but has stopped growing since 2005 in contrast to SF6. Using a two-dimensional atmospheric chemical transfer model a 'top down' approach has been taken to determine annual emissions of these gases. Annual emissions are input to the model and the modelled output is compared to the atmospheric time series. Modelled emissions are then adjusted to ﬁt the measured data.
Published: 2011

22. Aircraft observations of NOy above UK during RONOCO campaign: implication for NOx and ozone production

Author: Aruffo, E., DI CARLO, Piero, Dari Salisburgo, C., Biancofiore, F., Giammaria, F., Moller, S., Lee, J., Bauguitte, S., Parcival, C., Le Breton, M., Muller, J., Hopkins, J., Ouyang, B., Kennedy, O., Jones, R., Forster, G., and Reeves, C.
Published: 2011

23. Aircraft total alkyl nitrates observations during RONOCO campaign: implication for the odd-oxygen budget

Author: DI CARLO, Piero, Aruffo, E., Dari Salisburgo, C., Biancofiore, F., Giammaria, F., Moller, S., Lee, J., Bauguitte, S., Parcival, C., Le Breton, M., Muller, J., Hopkins, J., Ouyang, B., Kennedy, O., Jones, R., Forster, G., and Reeves, C.
Published: 2011

24. Airborne Laser Induced Fluorescence system for simultaneous measurements of nitrogen dioxide and speciated NOy

Author: DI CARLO, Piero, Dari Salisburgo, C., Aruffo, E., Biancofiore, F., Busilacchio, M., Giammaria, F., Reeves, C., Moller, S., and Lee, J.
Published: 2011

25. An original approach combining aircraft observations and 1D modelling to quantify the role of deep convection on formaldehyde in tropical UT

Author: Borbon, A., Ruiz, M., Bechara, J., Afif, C., Huntrieser, H., Mills, G., Mari, C., Reeves, C., and Schlager, H.
Subjects: formaldehyde, aircraft measurements, deep convection
Published: 2010

26. Overview: oxidant and particle photochemical processes above a south-east Asian tropical rainforest (the OP3 project): introduction, rationale, location characteristics and tools (vol 10, pg 169, 2010)

Author: Hewitt, C. N., Lee, J., Barkley, M. P., Carslaw, N., Chappell, N. A., Coe, H., Collier, C., Commane, R., Davies, F., DI CARLO, Piero, Di Marco, C. F., Edwards, P. M., Evans, M. J., Fowler, D., Furneaux, K. L., Gallagher, M., Guenther, A., Heard, D. E., Helfter, C., Hopkins, J., Ingham, T., Irwin, M., Jones, C., Karunaharan, A., Langford, B., Lewis, A. C., Lim, S. F., Macdonald, S. M., Mackenzie, A. R., Mahajan, A. S., Malpass, S., Mcfiggans, G., Mills, G., Misztal, P., Moller, S., Monks, P. S., Nemitz, E., Nicolas Perea, V., Oetjen, H., Oram, D., Palmer, P. I., Phillips, G. J., Plane, J. M. C., Pugh, T., Pyle, J. A., Reeves, C. E., Robinson, N. H., Stewart, D., Stone, D., and Whalley, L. K.
Published: 2010

27. Oxidant and particle photochemical processes above a south-east Asian tropical rain forest (the OP3 project): introduction, rationale, location characteristics and tools

Author: Hewitt, C. N., Lee, J, Barkley, M. P., Carslaw, N., Chappell, N. A., Coe, H, Collier, C, Commane, R, Davies, F, DI CARLO, Piero, DI MARCO, C. F., Edwards, P. M., Evans, M. J., Fowler, D., FUR NEAUX, K. L., Gallagher, M., Guenther, A., Heard, D. E., Helfter, C., Hopkins, J., Ingham, T., Irwin, M., Jones, C., Karunaharan, A., Langford, B., Lewis, A. C., Lim, S. F., Macdonald, S. M., MACK ENZIE, A. R., Mahajan, A. S., Malpass, S., Mcfiggans, G., Mills, G., Misztal, P., Moller, S., Monks, P. S., Nemitz, E., NICOLAS PEREA, V., Oetjen, H., Oram, D., Palmer, P. I., Phillips, G. J., Plane, J. M. C., Pugh, T., Pyle, J. A., Reeves, C. E., Robinson, N. H., Stewart, D., Stone, D., and Whalley, AND L. K.
Abstract: In April–July 2008, intensive measurements were made of atmospheric composition and chemistry in Sabah, Malaysia, as part of the "Oxidant and particle photochemical processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest" (OP3) project. Fluxes and concentrations of trace gases and particles were made from and above the rain forest canopy at the Bukit Atur Global Atmosphere Watch station and at the nearby Sabahmas oil palm plantation, using both ground-based and airborne measurements. Here, the measurement and modelling strategies used, the characteristics of the sites and an overview of data obtained are described. Composition measurements show that the rainforest site was not impacted by significant sources of anthropogenic pollution, and this is confirmed by satellite retrievals of NO2 and HCHO. The dominant modulators of atmospheric chemistry at the rain forest site were therefore emissions of BVOCs and soil emissions of reactive nitrogen oxides. At the observed BVOC:NOx volume mixing ratio (~104 pptv/pptv), current chemical models suggest that daytime maximum OH concentrations should be ca. 105 radicals cm−3, but observed OH concentrations were an order of magnitude greater than this. We confirm, therefore, previous measurements which suggest that an unexplained source of OH must exist above tropical forests and continue to interrogate the data to find explanations for this.
Published: 2009
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28. The PAM-1 aminopeptidase regulates microtubule dynamics during meiosis and polarity establishment in the early C. elegans embryo

Author: Greene, P, Marshall, S, Brady, L, Reeves, C, Brooks, DR, Isaac, E, and Lyczak, R
Subjects: QH301, other
Published: 2009

29. Direct estimates of emissions from the megacity of Lagos

Author: Hopkins, J. R., Evans, M. J., Lee, J. D., Lewis, A. C., Marsham, J. H., Mcquaid, J. B., Douglas Parker, Stewart, D. J., Reeves, C. E., and Purvis, R. M.
Subjects: lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract: We report here top-down emissions estimates for an African megacity. A boundary layer circumnavigation of Lagos, Nigeria was completed using the FAAM BAe146 aircraft as part of the AMMA project. These observations together with an inferred boundary layer height allow the flux of pollutants to be calculated. Extrapolation gives annual emissions for CO, NOx, and VOCs of 1.44 Tg yr−1, 0.03 Tg yr−1 and 0.37 Tg yr−1 respectively with uncertainties of +250/−60%. These inferred emissions are consistent with bottom-up estimates for other developing megacities and are attributed to the evaporation of fuels, mobile combustion and natural gas emissions.
Published: 2009
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30. Ozone and precursor distributions in the plumes of West African Cities

Author: Ancellet, Gérard, Leclair de Bellevue, Jimmy, Mari, Céline, Nédélec, Patrick, Perros, P., Law, Kathy S., Schlager, H., Reeves, C., Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Published: 2008

31. Biogenic nitrogen oxide emissions from soils: impact on NOx and ozone over west Africa during AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis): observational study

Author: Stewart, D. J., Taylor, C. M., Reeves, C. E., Mcquaid, J. B., School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, and EGU, Publication
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: International audience; Chemical and meteorological parameters measured on board the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe 146 Atmospheric Research Aircraft during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) campaign are presented to show the impact of NOx emissions from recently wetted soils in West Africa. NO emissions from soils have been previously observed in many geographical areas with different types of soil/vegetation cover during small scale studies and have been inferred at large scales from satellite measurements of NOx. This study is the first dedicated to showing the emissions of NOx at an intermediate scale between local surface sites and continental satellite measurements. The measurements reveal pronounced mesoscale variations in NOx concentrations closely linked to spatial patterns of antecedent rainfall. Fluxes required to maintain the NOx concentrations observed by the BAe-146 in a number of cases studies and for a range of assumed OH concentrations (1×106 to 1×107 molecules cm?3) are calculated to be in the range 8.4 to 36.1 ng N m?2 s?1. These values are comparable to the range of fluxes from 0.5 to 28 ng N m?2 s?1 reported from small scale field studies in a variety of non-nutrient rich tropical and sub-tropical locations reported in the review of Davidson and Kingerlee (1997). The fluxes calculated in the present study have been scaled up to cover the area of the Sahel bounded by 10 to 20 N and 10 E to 20 W giving an estimated emission of 0.03 to 0.30 Tg N from this area for July and August 2006. The observed chemical data also suggest that the NOx emitted from soils is taking part in ozone formation as ozone concentrations exhibit similar fine scale structure to the NOx, with enhancements over the wet soils. Such variability can not be explained on the basis of transport from other areas. Delon et al. (2008) is a companion paper to this one which models the impact of soil NOx emissions on the NOx and ozone concentration over West Africa during AMMA. It employs an artificial neural network to define the emissions of NOx from soils, integrated into a coupled chemistry-dynamics model. The results are compared to the observed data presented in this paper. Here we compare fluxes deduced from the observed data with the model-derived values from Delon et al. (2008).
Published: 2008

32. Biogenic nitrogen oxide emissions from soils: impact on NOx and ozone over west Africa during AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) observational study

Author: Stewart, D. J., Taylor, C. M., Reeves, C. E., and Jim McQuaid
Subjects: lcsh:Chemistry, Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Hydrology, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999, Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract: Chemical and meteorological parameters measured on board the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe 146 Atmospheric Research Aircraft during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) campaign are presented to show the impact of NOx emissions from recently wetted soils in West Africa. NO emissions from soils have been previously observed in many geographical areas with different types of soil/vegetation cover during small scale studies and have been inferred at large scales from satellite measurements of NOx. This study is the first dedicated to showing the emissions of NOx at an intermediate scale between local surface sites and continental satellite measurements. The measurements reveal pronounced mesoscale variations in NOx concentrations closely linked to spatial patterns of antecedent rainfall. Fluxes required to maintain the NOx concentrations observed by the BAe-146 in a number of cases studies and for a range of assumed OH concentrations (1×106 to 1×107 molecules cm−3) are calculated to be in the range 8.4 to 36.1 ng N m−2 s−1. These values are comparable to the range of fluxes from 0.5 to 28 ng N m−2 s−1 reported from small scale field studies in a variety of non-nutrient rich tropical and sub-tropical locations reported in the review of Davidson and Kingerlee (1997). The fluxes calculated in the present study have been scaled up to cover the area of the Sahel bounded by 10 to 20 N and 10 E to 20 W giving an estimated emission of 0.03 to 0.30 Tg N from this area for July and August 2006. The observed chemical data also suggest that the NOx emitted from soils is taking part in ozone formation as ozone concentrations exhibit similar fine scale structure to the NOx, with enhancements over the wet soils. Such variability can not be explained on the basis of transport from other areas. Delon et al. (2008) is a companion paper to this one which models the impact of soil NOx emissions on the NOx and ozone concentration over West Africa during AMMA. It employs an artificial neural network to define the emissions of NOx from soils, integrated into a coupled chemistry-dynamics model. The results are compared to the observed data presented in this paper. Here we compare fluxes deduced from the observed data with the model-derived values from Delon et al. (2008).
Published: 2008

33. Influence of clouds on the spectral actinic flux in the lower troposphere (INSPECTRO): overview of the field campaigns

Author: Thiel, S., Ammanato, L., Bais, A., Bandy, B., Blumthaler, M., Bohn, B., Engelsen, O., Gobbi, G.P., Gröbner, J., Jäkel, E., Junkermann, W., Kazadzis, S., Kift, R., Kjeldstad, B., Kouremeti, N., Kylling, A., Mayer, B., Monks, P., Reeves, C., Schallhart, B., Scheirer, R., Schmidt, S., Schmitt, R., Schreder, J., Silbernagl, R., Topaloglou, C., Thorseth, T.M., Webb, A.R., Wendisch, M., and Werle, P.
Subjects: ultraviolet radiation, photochemistry, radiative transfer, Fernerkundung der Atmosphäre
Abstract: Ultraviolet radiation is the key factor driving tropospheric photochemistry. It is strongly modulated by clouds and aerosols. A quantitative understanding of the radiation field and its effect on photochemistry is thus only possible with a detailed knowledge of the interaction between clouds and radiation. The overall objective of the project INSPECTRO was the characterization of the three-dimensional actinic radiation field under cloudy conditions. This was achieved during two measurement campaigns in Norfolk (East Anglia, UK) and Lower Bavaria (Germany) combining space-based, aircraft and ground-based measurements as well as simulations with the one-dimensional radiation transfer model UVSPEC and the three-dimensional radiation transfer model MYSTIC. During both campaigns the spectral actinic flux density was measured at several locations at ground level and in the air by up to four different aircraft. This allows the comparison of measured and simulated actinic radiation profiles. In addition satellite data were used to complete the information of the three dimensional input data set for the simulation. A three-dimensional simulation of actinic flux density data under cloudy sky conditions requires a realistic simulation of the cloud field to be used as an input for the 3-D radiation transfer model calculations. Two different approaches were applied, to derive high- and low-resolution data sets, with a grid resolution of about 100 m and 1 km, respectively. The results of the measured and simulated radiation profiles as well as the results of the ground based measurements are presented in terms of photolysis rate profiles for ozone and nitrogen dioxide. During both campaigns all spectroradiometer systems agreed within ±10% if mandatory corrections e.g. stray light correction were applied. Stability changes of the systems were below 5% over the 4 week campaign periods and negligible over a few days. The J(O1D) data of the single monochromator systems can be evaluated for zenith angles less than 70°, which was satisfied by nearly all airborne measurements during both campaigns. The comparison of the airborne measurements with corresponding simulations is presented for the total, downward and upward flux during selected clear sky periods of both campaigns. The compliance between the measured (from three aircraft) and simulated downward and total flux profiles lies in the range of ±15%.
Published: 2008

34. Biogenic nitrogen oxide emissions from soils - impact on NOx and Ozone over West Africa during AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Experiment): modelling study

Author: Delon, Claire, Reeves, C. E., Stewart, D. J., Serça, Dominique, Dupont, R., Mari, C., Chaboureau, Jean-Pierre, Tulet, Pierre, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Équipe Troposphère, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: lcsh:Chemistry, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract: International audience; Nitrogen oxide biogenic emissions from soils are driven by soil and environmental parameters. The relationship between these parameters and NO fluxes is highly non linear. A new algorithm, based on a neural network calculation, is used to reproduce the NO biogenic emissions linked to precipitations in the Sahel on the 6 August 2006 during the AMMA campaign. This algorithm has been coupled in the surface scheme of a coupled chemistry dynamics model (MesoNH Chemistry) to estimate the impact of the NO emissions on NOx and O3 formation in the lower troposphere for this particular episode. Four different simulations on the same domain and at the same period are compared: one with anthropogenic emissions only, one with soil NO emissions from a static inventory, at low time and space resolution, one with NO emissions from neural network, and one with NO from neural network plus lightning NOx. The influence of NOx from lightning is limited to the upper troposphere. The NO emission from soils calculated with neural network responds to changes in soil moisture giving enhanced emissions over the wetted soil, as observed by aircraft measurements after the passing of a convective system. The subsequent enhancement of NOx and ozone is limited to the lowest layers of the atmosphere in modelling, whereas measurements show higher concentrations above 1000 m. The neural network algorithm, applied in the Sahel region for one particular day of the wet season, allows an immediate response of fluxes to environmental parameters, unlike static emission inventories. Stewart et al (2008) is a companion paper to this one which looks at NOx and ozone concentrations in the boundary layer as measured on a research aircraft, examines how they vary with respect to the soil moisture, as indicated by surface temperature anomalies, and deduces NOx fluxes. In this current paper the model-derived results are compared to the observations and calculated fluxes presented by Stewart et al (2008).
Published: 2008
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35. Alkyl nitrates in outflow from North America over the North Atlantic during Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors 2004

Author: Reeves, C. E., Slemr, J., Oram, D. E., Worton, D., Penkett, S. A., Stewart, D. J., Purvis, R., Watson, N. M., Hopkins, J. R., Lewis, A. C., Methven, John, Blake, D. R., and Atlas, E.
Abstract: This paper is based on alkyl nitrate measurements made over the North Atlantic as part of the International Consortium for Research on Atmospheric Transport and Transformation (ICARTT). The focus is on the analysis of air samples collected on the UK BAe-146 aircraft during the Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors (ITOP) project, but air samples collected on board the NASA DC-8 and NOAA WP-3D aircraft as part of a Lagrangian experiment are also used. The ratios between the alkyl nitrates and their parent hydrocarbons are compared with those expected from chemical theory. Further, a box model is run to investigate the temporal evolution of the alkyl nitrates in three Lagrangian case studies and compared to observations. The air samples collected during ITOP do not appear to be strongly influenced by oceanic sources, but rather are influenced by emissions from the N.E. United States and from Alaskan fires. There also appears to be a widespread common source of ethyl nitrate and 1-propyl nitrate other than from their parent hydrocarbons. The general agreement between the alkyl nitrate data and photochemical theory suggests that during the first few days of transport from the source region, photochemical production of alkyl nitrates, and thus ozone, had taken place. The observations in the more photochemically processed air masses are consistent with the alkyl nitrate production reactions no longer dominating the peroxy radical self/cross reactions. Further, the results also suggest that the rates of photochemical processing in the Alaskan smoke plumes were small.
Published: 2007

36. Chemical composition observed over the mid-Atlantic and the detection of pollution signatures far from source regions

Author: Lewis, A. C., Evans, M. J., Methven, J., Watson, N. M., Lee, J. D., Hopkins, J. R., Purvis, R., Arnold, S. R., McQuaid, J., Whalley, L. K., Pilling, M. J., Heard, D. E., Monks, P. S., Parker, A. E., Reeves, C. E., Oram, D. E., Mills, G., Bandy, B. J., Stewart, D., Coe, H., Williams, P. I., and Crosier, J.
Abstract: The atmospheric composition of the central North Atlantic region has been sampled using the FAAM BAe146 instrumented aircraft during the Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors (ITOP) campaign, part of the wider International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT). This paper presents an overview of the ITOP campaign. Between late July and early August 2004, twelve flights comprising 72 hours of measurement were made in a region from approximately 20 to 40°W and 33 to 47°N centered on Faial Island, Azores, ranging in altitude from 50 to 9000 m. The vertical profiles of O3 and CO are consistent with previous observations made in this region during 1997 and our knowledge of the seasonal cycles within the region. A cluster analysis technique is used to partition the data set into air mass types with distinct chemical signatures. Six clusters provide a suitable balance between cluster generality and specificity. The clusters are labeled as biomass burning, low level outflow, upper level outflow, moist lower troposphere, marine and upper troposphere. During this summer, boreal forest fire emissions from Alaska and northern Canada were found to provide a major perturbation of tropospheric composition in CO, PAN, organic compounds and aerosol. Anthropogenic influenced air from the continental boundary layer of the USA was clearly observed running above the marine boundary layer right across the mid-Atlantic, retaining high pollution levels in VOCs and sulfate aerosol. Upper level outflow events were found to have far lower sulfate aerosol, resulting from washout on ascent, but much higher PAN associated with the colder temperatures. Lagrangian links with flights of other aircraft over the USA and Europe show that such signatures are maintained many days downwind of emission regions. Some other features of the data set are highlighted, including the strong perturbations to many VOCs and OVOCs in this remote region.
Published: 2007

37. Biogenic emissions of NOx from recently wetted soils over West Africa observed during the AMMA 2006 campaign

Author: Stewart, D. J., Taylor, C. M., Reeves, C. E., Mcquaid, J. B., and EGU, Publication
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: Chemical and meteorological parameters measured on board the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe 146 Atmospheric Research Aircraft during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) campaign are presented to show the impact of NOx emissions from recently wetted soils in West Africa. NOx emissions from soils have been previously observed in many geographical areas with different types of soil/vegetation cover during small scale studies and have been inferred at large scales from satellite measurements of NOx. This study is the first dedicated to showing the emissions of NOx at an intermediate scale between local surface sites and continental satellite measurements. The measurements reveal pronounced mesoscale variations in NOx concentrations closely linked to spatial patterns of antecedent rainfall. Fluxes required to maintain the NOx concentrations observed by the BAe-146 in a number of cases studies and for a range of assumed OH concentrations (0 to 1×107 molecules cm?3) are calculated to be in the range 4.7 to 37.3 ng N m?2 s?1. These values are comparable to the range of fluxes from 2 to 83 ng N m?2 s?1 reported from small scale field studies in a variety of tropical and sub-tropical locations reported in the review of Davidson and Kingerlee (1997). The fluxes calculated in the present study have been scaled up to cover the area of the Sahel bounded by 10 to 20 N and 10 E to 20 W giving an estimated emission of up to 0.05 TgN from this area for July and August 2006. The observed chemical data also suggest that the NOx emitted from soils is taking part in ozone formation as ozone concentrations exhibit similar fine scale structure to the NOx, with enhancements over the wet soils. Such variability can not be explained on the basis of transport from other areas.
Published: 2007

38. Optimizing a closed greenhouse

Author: Molenaar, J., Bokhove, O., Ramaekers, L., van de Leur, J., Gvozdenovic, N., Bakri, T., Archer, C., and Reeves, C.
Subjects: Life Science, PE&RC, Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, Wiskundige en Statistische Methoden - Biometris
Published: 2007

39. Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance

Author: Schael, S, Barate, R, Bruneliere, R, Buskulic, D, Bonis, De, Decamp, I, Ghez, D, Goy, P, Jezequel, C, Lees, S, Lucotte, Jp, Martin, A, Merle, F, Minard, E, Nief, Mn, Odier, Jy, Pietrzyk, P, Trocme, B, Bravo, B, Casado, S, Chmeissani, Mp, Comas, M, Crespo, P, Fernandez, Jm, E, Fernandez, Bosman, Garrido, M, Grauges, L, Juste, E, Martinez, A, Merino, M, Miquel, G, Mir, R, Orteu, Lm, Pacheco, S, Park, A, Perlas, Ic, Riu, J, Ruiz, I, Sanchez, H, Colaleo, F, Creanza, A, D, Filippis, De, N, Palma, De, Iaselli, M, Maggi, G, Nuzzo, M, Ranieri, S, Raso, A, Ruggieri, G, Selvaggi, F, Silvestris, G, Tempesta, L, Tricomi, P, Zito, A, Huang, G, Lin, X, Ouyang, J, Wang, Q, Xie, T, Xu, Y, Xue, R, Zhang, S, Zhang, J, Zhao, L, Abbaneo, W, Bazarko, D, Becker, A, Boix, U, Bird, G, Blucher, F, Bonvicini, E, B, Bright, Thomas, Barklow, P, Buchmuller, T, Cattaneo, O, Cerutti, M, Ciulli, F, Clerbaux, V, Drevermann, B, Forty, H, Frank, Rw, Greening, M, Hagelberg, Tc, Halley, R, Gianotti, Aw, Girone, F, Hansen, M, Harvey, Jb, Jacobsen, J, Hutchcroft, R, Janot, De, Jost, R, Knobloch, B, Kado, J, Lehraus, M, Lazeyras, I, Maley, P, Mato, R, May, P, Moutussi, J, A, Pepe, Altarelli, Ranjard, M, Rolandi, F, Schlatter, L, Schmitt, D, Schneider, B, Tejessy, O, Teubert, W, Tomalin, F, Tournefier, Ir, Veenhof, E, Valassi, R, Wiedenmann, A, Wright, W, Ajaltouni, Ae, Badaud, Z, Chazelle, F, Deschamps, G, Dessagne, O, Falvard, S, Ferdi, A, Fayolle, C, Gay, D, Guicheney, P, Henrard, C, Jousset, P, Michel, J, Monteil, B, Montret, S, Pallin, Jc, Pascolo, D, Perret, Jm, Podlyski, P, Bertelsen, F, Fernley, H, Hansen, T, Hansen, Jd, Hansen, Jr, Kraan, Ph, Lindahl, Ac, Mollerud, A, Nilsson, R, Rensch, Bs, Waananen, B, Daskalakis, A, Kyriakis, G, Markou, A, Simopoulou, C, Siotis, E, Vayaki, I, Zachariadou, A, Blondel, K, Bonneaud, A, Brient, G, Machefert, Jc, Rouge, E, Rumpf, A, Swynghedauw, M, Tanaka, M, Verderi, R, Videau, M, Focardi, H, Parrini, E, Corden, G, Georgiopoulos, M, Antonelli, C, Antonelli, A, Bencivenni, M, Bologna, G, Bossi, G, Campana, F, Capon, P, Chiarella, G, Felici, V, Laurelli, G, Mannocchi, P, Murtas, G, Passalacqua, Gp, Picchi, L, Colrain, P, P, Ten, Have, Hughes, I, Kennedy, Is, Knowles, J, Lynch, Ig, Morton, Jg, Negus, Wt, Oshea, P., Raine, V, Reeves, C, Scarr, P, Smith, Jm, Thompson, K., Turnbull, As, Wasserbaech, Rm, Cavanaugh, S, Dhamotharan, R, Geweniger, S, Hanke, C, Hansper, P, Hepp, G, Kluge, V, Putzer, Ee, Sommer, A, Stenzel, J, Tittel, H, Werner, K, Wunsch, W, Beuselinck, M, Binnie, R, Cameron, Dm, Davies, W, Dornan, G, Goodsir, Pj, Marinelli, S, Martin, N, Nash, Eb, Nowell, J, Rutherford, J, Sedgbeer, Sa, Thompson, Jk, White, Jc, Williams, R, Ghete, Md, Girtler, Vm, Kneringer, P, Kuhn, E, Rudolph, D, G, Bouhova, Thacker, Bowdery, E, Buck, Ck, Clarke, Pg, Ellis, Dp, Finch, G, Foster, Aj, Hughes, F, Jones, G, Rwl, Keemer, Pearson, Nr, Robertson, Mr, Sloan, Na, Smizanska, T, Snow, M, Williams, Sw, van der Aa, Delaere, O, Leibenguth, C, Lemaitre, G, Bauerdick, V, Lat, Blumenschein, U, Van, Gemmeren, Giehl, P, Holldorfer, I, Jakobs, F, Kasemann, K, Kayser, M, Kleinknecht, F, Muller, K, Quast, As, Renk, G, Rohne, B, Sander, E, Schmeling, Hg, Wachsmuth, S, Wanke, H, Zeitnitz, R, Ziegler, C, Aubert, T, Benchouk, Jj, Bonissent, C, Carr, A, Coyle, J, Curtil, P, Ealet, C, Etienne, A, Fouchez, F, Motsch, D, Payre, F, Rousseau, P, Tilquin, D, Talby, A, Thulasides, M, Aleppo, M, Ragusa, M, Buscher, F, David, V, Dietl, A, Ganis, H, Huttmann, G, Lutjens, K, Mannert, G, Manner, C, Moser, W, Settles, Hg, Seywerd, R, Villegas, H, Wolf, M, Azzurri, G, Boucrot, P, Callot, J, Chen, O, Cordier, S, Davier, A, Duflot, M, Grivaz, L, Heusse, Jf, Jacholkowska, P, Diberder, Le, Lefrancois, F, Mutz, J, Schune, Am, Serin, Mh, Veillet, L, Videau, Jj, Zerwas, I, Bagliesi, D, Bettarini, G, Boccali, S, Bozzi, T, Calderini, C, Dellorso, G, Fantechi, R, Ferrante, R, Fidecaro, I, Foa, F, Giammanco, L, Giassi, A, Gregorio, A, Ligabue, A, Lusiani, F, Marrocchesi, PIER SIMONE, Messineo, Ps, Palla, A, Rizzo, F, Sanguinetti, G, Sciaba, G, Sguazzoni, A, Spagnolo, G, Steinberger, P, Tenchini, J, Venturi, R, Vannini, A, Verdini, C, Awunor, Pg, Blair, O, Cowan, Ga, Garcia, Bellido, Green, A, Medcalf, Mg, Misiejuk, T, Strong, A, Teixeira, Dias, Botterill, P, Clifft, Dr, Edgecock, Rw, Edwards, Tr, Haywood, M, Norton, Sj, Ward, Pr, Bloch, Devaux, Boumediene, B, Colas, D, Emery, P, Fabbro, S, Kozanecki, B, Lancon, W, Lemaire, E, Locci, Mc, Perez, E, Rander, P, Renardy, J, Roussarie, Jf, Schuller, A, Schwindling, Jp, Tuchming, J, Vallage, B, Black, B, Dann, Sn, Kim, Jh, Konstantinidis, Hy, Litke, N, Mcneil, Am, Taylor, Ma, Booth, G, Cartwright, Cn, Combley, S, Hodgson, F, Lehto, Pn, Thompson, M, Affholderbach, Lf, Barberio, K, Bohrer, E, Brandt, A, Burkhardt, S, Feigl, H, Grupen, E, Hess, C, Lutters, J, Meinhard, G, H, Minguet, Rodriguez, Mirabito, J, Neugebauer, L, Ngac, E, Prange, A, Rivera, G, Saraiva, F, Schafer, P, Sieler, U, Smolik, U, Stephan, L, 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Thaler, Fe, Thom, Jj, Trandafir, J, Turk, Ai, Usher, Jd, Vavra, T, Vella, J, Venuti, E, Verdier, Jp, Wagner, R, Waite, Sr, Walston, Ap, Wang, S, Watts, J, Weidemann, Sj, Weiss, Aw, Whitaker, Er, White, Js, Wickens, Sl, Williams, Fj, Williams, Da, Williams, Dc, Willocq, Sh, Wilson, S, Wisniewski, Rj, Wittlin, Wj, Woods, Jl, Word, M, Wright, Gb, Wyss, Tr, Yamamoto, J, Yang, Rk, Yashima, Xq, Yellin, J, Young, Sj, Yuta, Cc, Zapalac, H, Zdarko, G, Zeitlin, Rw, Zhou, C, Blondel, Alain, Schael, S, Barate, R, Bruneliere, R, Spagnolo, Stefania Antonia, S., Schael, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Canale, Vincenzo, Chiefari, Giovanni, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Merola, Leonardo, Napolitano, Marco, Patricelli, Sergio, Sciacca, Crisostomo, Lista, Luca, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, SLD, BARBIELLINI AMIDEI, Guido, Bosisio, Luciano, DELLA RICCA, Giuseppe, Giannini, Gianrossano, Gregorio, Anna, Lanceri, Livio, Poropat, Paolo, Vitale, Lorenzo, Buskulic, D, De Bonis, I, Decamp, D, Ghez, P, Goy, C, Jezequel, S, Lees, J, Lucotte, A, Martin, F, Merle, E, Minard, M, Nief, J, Odier, P, Pietrzyk, B, Trocme, B, 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D, Schmitt, B, Schneider, O, Tejessy, W, Teubert, F, Tomalin, I, Tournefier, E, Veenhof, R, Valassi, A, Wiedenmann, W, Wright, A, Ajaltouni, Z, Badaud, F, Chazelle, G, Deschamps, O, Dessagne, S, Falvard, A, Ferdi, C, Fayolle, D, Gay, P, Guicheney, C, Henrard, P, Jousset, J, Michel, B, Monteil, S, Montret, J, Pallin, D, Pascolo, J, Perret, P, Podlyski, F, Bertelsen, H, Fernley, T, Hansen, P, Kraan, A, Lindahl, A, Mollerud, R, Nilsson, B, Rensch, B, Waananen, A, Daskalakis, G, Kyriakis, A, Markou, C, Simopoulou, E, Siotis, I, Vayaki, A, Zachariadou, K, Blondel, A, Bonneaud, G, Brient, J, Machefert, E, Rouge, A, Rumpf, M, Swynghedauw, M, Tanaka, R, Verderi, M, Videau, H, Focardi, E, Parrini, G, Corden, M, Georgiopoulos, C, Antonelli, A, Antonelli, M, Bencivenni, G, Bologna, G, Bossi, F, Campana, P, Capon, G, Chiarella, V, Felici, G, Laurelli, P, Mannocchi, G, Murtas, G, Passalacqua, L, Picchi, P, Colrain, P, Ten Have, I, Hughes, I, Kennedy, J, Knowles, I, Lynch, J, Morton, W, Negus, P, 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Barker, Gj, Barlow, Rj, Batley, Rj, Bell, An, Bell, Kw, Bell, Pj, Bloodworth, Ij, Bloomer, Je, Bosch, Hm, Bouwens, Bt, Brabson, Bb, Brown, Rm, Burckhart, Hj, Carnegie, Rk, Carter, Aa, Carter, Jr, Chang, Cy, Charlton, Dg, Chrin, Jtm, Chu, Sl, Clarke, Pel, Clayton, Jc, Collins, Wj, Conboy, Je, Cooke, Oc, Silva, Ed, Coxe, Rl, Dallavalle, Gm, De Wolf, Ea, Deninno, Mm, Duboscq, Je, Duerdoth, Ip, Dumas, Djp, Edwards, Jeg, Elcombe, Pa, Estabrooks, Pg, Evans, Hg, Fischer, Hm, Fong, Dg, Futyan, Di, Gary, Jw, Gascon Shotkin, Sm, Geddes, Ni, Gensler, Sw, Gentit, Fx, Gibson, Wr, Gillies, Jd, Gingrich, Dm, Goodrick, Mj, Grant, Fc, Gunther, Po, Hanson, Gg, Hargrovet, Ck, Harrison, Pf, Hart, Pa, Hattersley, Pm, Hawkes, Cm, Hemingway, Rj, Heuer, Rd, Hildreth, Md, Hill, Jc, Hillier, Sj, Hinshaw, Da, Hobbs, Jd, Hobson, Pr, Homer, Rj, Honma, Ak, Hossain, Kr, Howarth, Cp, Hughes Jones, Re, Imrie, Dc, Jacob, Fr, Janissen, Ac, Jeffreys, Pw, Jones, Cr, Junk, Tr, Keeler, Rk, Kellogg, Rg, Kennedy, Bw, Kim, Dh, King, Bj, Klem, De, Kokott, Tp, Kral, Jf, von Krogh, J, Lafferty, Gd, Lai, Wp, Larson, Wj, Lautenschlager, Sr, Layter, Jg, Lee, Am, Lehto, Mh, Lloyd, Aw, Lloyd, Sl, Loebinger, Fk, Long, Gd, Lorah, Jm, Losty, Mj, Lou, Xc, Marchant, Te, Mcdonald, Wj, Mcgowan, Rf, Mckigney, Ea, Mcmahon, Tj, Mcnab, Ai, Mcpherson, Ac, Mcpherson, Ra, Middleton, Rp, Miller, Dj, Moss, Mw, Murphy, Pg, Neal, Ha, Nguyen, Hh, Oakham, Fg, Ogren, Ho, Oldershaw, Nj, O'Neale, Sw, O'Neill, Bp, Oram, Cj, Oreglia, Mj, Pansart, Jp, Pater, Jr, Patrick, Gn, Pawley, Sj, Pearce, Mj, Pilcher, Je, Plane, De, del Poz, La, Pritchard, Tw, Redmond, Mw, Rees, Dl, Richards, Ge, Robins, Sa, Roney, Jm, Rossi, Am, Rust, Dr, Sarkisyan, Ekg, Schaile, Ad, von der Schmitt, H, Schultz Coulon, Hc, Scott, Wg, Shears, Tg, Shen, Bc, Shepherd Themistocleous, Ch, Siroli, Gp, Smith, Am, Smith, Tj, Snow, Ga, Springer, Rw, Stier, He, Talbot, Sd, Taylor, Rj, Thackray, Nj, Thomson, Ma, von Torne, E, Tresilian, Nj, Tumer Watson, Mf, Van den Plas, D, Vandalen, Gj, Virtue, Cj, Vokurka, Eh, Vollmer, Cf, Wagner, Dl, Walker, Jp, Ward, Cp, Ward, Dr, Watkins, Pm, Watson, At, Watson, Nk, Whalley, Ma, Wilson, Ja, Wilson, Gw, Winterer, Vh, Wood, Nc, Wyatt, Tr, Zorn, Gt, Allen, Nj, Ash, Ww, Baird, Kg, Band, Hr, Barakat, Mb, Baranko, Gj, Barklow, Tl, Bashindzhagian, Gl, Bauer, Jm, Bazarko, Ao, Benvenuti, Ac, Bilei, Gm, Bower, Gr, Brau, Je, Bugg, Wm, Burnett, Th, Burrows, Pn, Caldwell, Do, Chadwick, Gb, Cohn, Ho, Coller, Ja, Convery, Mr, Cowan, Rf, Coyle, Pa, Coyne, Dg, Damerell, Cj, de Groot, N, de Sangro, R, Dervan, Pj, Dong, Dn, Du, Pyc, Eisenstein, Bi, Fernandez, Jp, Fero, Mj, Friedman, Ji, Garwin, El, Hallewell, Gd, Hart, El, Hitlin, Dg, Huffer, Me, Hughes, Ew, Izen, Jm, Jackson, Dj, Jaros, Ja, Jiang, Zy, Johnson, Jr, Johnson, Ra, Kamyshkov, Ya, Kang, Hj, Kelsey, Mh, Kendall, Hw, Kim, Yd, Krishna, Nm, Labs, Jf, Lauber, Ja, Leith, Dwg, Liu, Mx, Lynch, Hl, Markiewicz, Tw, Mcgowan, Jf, Mckemey, Ak, Meadows, Bt, Mockett, Pm, Moffeit, Kc, Moore, Tb, Park, Ch, Pavel, Tj, Pitts, Kt, Plano, Rj, Prescott, Cy, Ratcliff, Bn, Reeves, Tw, Reinertsen, Pl, Rensing, Pe, Rothberg, Je, Rowson, Pc, Russell, Jj, Saxton, Oh, Schindler, Rh, Schumm, Ba, Serbo, Vv, Shaevitz, Mh, Shank, Jt, Sherden, Dj, Shmakov, Kd, Sinev, Nb, Smith, Sr, Smy, Mb, Snyder, Ja, Sokoloff, Md, Strauss, Mg, Taylor, Fe, Thaler, Jj, Trandafir, Ai, Turk, Jd, Venuti, Jp, Wagner, Sr, Waite, Ap, Watts, Sj, Weidemann, Aw, Weiss, Er, White, Sl, Wickens, Fj, Williams, Da, Williams, Dc, Williams, Sh, Wilson, Rj, Wisniewski, Wj, Wittlin, Jl, Word, Gb, Wright, Tr, Yamamoto, Rk, Yang, Xq, Yellin, Sj, Young, Cc, Zdarko, Rw, Zhou, J., UCL, S. 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ZORN, KENJI ABE, KOYA ABE, T. ABE, I. ABT, P.D. ACTON, I. ADAM, G. AGNEW, T. AKAGI, H. AKIMOTO, N.J. ALLEN, W.W. ASH, D. ASTON, N. BACCHETTA, K.G. BAIRD, C. BALTAY, H.R. BAND, M.B. BARAKAT, G.J. BARANKO, O. BARDON, T.L. BARKLOW, G.L. BASHINDZHAGIAN, R. BATTISTON, J.M. BAUER, A.O. BAZARKO, A. BEAN, G. BELLODI, R. BEN-DAVID, A.C. BENVENUTI, R. BERGER, M. BIASINI, T. BIENZ, G.M. BILEI, D. BISELLO, G. BLAYLOCK, J.R. BOGART, B. BOLEN, T. BOLTON, G.R. BOWER, J.E. BRAU, M. BREIDENBACH, W.M. BUGG, D. BURKE, T.H. BURNETT, P.N. BURROWS, W. BUSZA, A. CALCATERRA, D.O. CALDWELL, B. CAMANZI, M. CARPINELLI, J. CARR, R. CASSELL, R. CASTALDI, A. CASTRO, M. CAVALLI-SFORZA, G.B. CHADWICK, A. CHOU, E. CHURCH, R. CLAUS, H.O. COHN, J.A. COLLER, M.R. CONVERY, V. COOK, R. COTTON, R.F. COWAN, P.A. COYLE, D.G. COYNE, G. CRAWFORD, A. D’OLIVEIRA, C.J.S. DAMERELL, M. DAOUDI, S. DASU, N. DE GROOT, R. DE SANGRO, P. DE SIMONE, S. DE SIMONE, R. DELL’ORSO, P.J. DERVAN, M. DIMA, D.N. DONG, M. DOSER, P.Y.C. DU, R. DUBOIS, J.E. DUBOSCQ, G. EIGEN, B.I. EISENSTEIN, R. ELIA, E. ERDOS, I. EROFEEVA, V. ESCHENBURG, E. ETZION, S. FAHEY, D. FALCIAI, C. FAN, J.P. FERNANDEZ, M.J. FERO, K. FLOOD, R. FREY, J.I. FRIEDMAN, K. FURUNO, E.L. GARWIN, T. GILLMAN, G. GLADDING, S. GONZALEZ, G.D. HALLEWELL, E.L. HART, J.L. HARTON, A. HASAN, Y. HASEGAWA, K. HASUKO, S. HEDGES, S.S. HERTZBACH, M.D. HILDRETH, D.G. HITLIN, A.HONMA, J. S. HUBER, M.E. HUFFER, E.W. HUGHES, X. HUYNH, H.HWANG, M. IWASAKI, Y. IWASAKI, J.M. IZEN, D.J. JACKSON, P. JACQUES, J.A. JAROS, Z.Y. JIANG, A.S. JOHNSON, J.R. JOHNSON, R.A. JOHNSON, T. JUNK, R. KAJIKAWA, M. KALELKAR, Y.A. KAMYSHKOV, H.J. KANG, I. KARLINER, H. KAWAHARA, M.H. KELSEY, H.W. KENDALL, Y.D. KIM, M. KING, R. KING, R. KOFLER, N.M. KRISHNA, Y. KWON, J.F. LABS, R.S. KROEGER, M. LANGSTON, A. LATH, J.A. LAUBER, D.W.G. LEITH, V.LIA, C. LIN, M.X. LIU, M. LORETI, A. LU, H.L. LYNCH, J. MA, G. MANCINELLI, S. MANLY, G. MANTOVANI, T.W. MARKIEWICZ, T. MARUYAMA, H. MASUDA, E. MAZZUCATO, J.F. MCGOWAN, A.K. MCKEMEY, B.T. MEADOWS, R. MESSNER, P.M. MOCKETT, K.C. MOFFEIT, T.B. MOORE, M. MORII, B. MOURS, D. MULLER, G. MUELLER, V. MURZIN, T. NAGAMINE, S. NARITA, U. NAUENBERG, H. NEAL, G. NESOM, M. NUSSBAUM, Y. OHNISHI, N. OISHI, D. ONOPRIENKO, L.S. OSBORNE, R.S. PANVINI, C.H.PARK, H. PARK, T.J. PAVEL, I. PERUZZI, L. PESCARA, M. PICCOLO, L. PIEMONTESE, E. PIERONI, K.T. PITTS, R.J. PLANO, R. PREPOST, C.Y. PRESCOTT, G. PUNKAR, J. QUIGLEY, B.N. RATCLIFF, K. REEVES, T.W. REEVES, J. REIDY, P.L. REINERTSEN, P.E. RENSING, L.S. ROCHESTER, J.E. ROTHBERG, P.C. ROWSON, J.J. RUSSELL, O.H. SAXTON, T. SCHALK, R.H. SCHINDLER, U. SCHNEEKLOTH, B.A. SCHUMM, J. SCHWIENING, A. SEIDEN, S. SEN, V.V. SERBO, L. SERVOLI, M.H. SHAEVITZ, J.T. SHANK, G. SHAPIRO, D.J. SHERDEN, K.D. SHMAKOV, C. SIMOPOULOS, N.B. SINEV, S.R. SMITH, M.B. SMY, J.A. SNYDER, M.D. SOKOLOFF, H. STAENGLE, A. STAHL, P. STAMER, H. STEINER, R. STEINER, M.G. STRAUSS, D. SU, F. SUEKANE, A. SUGIYAMA, A. SUZUKI, S. SUZUKI, M. SWARTZ, A. SZUMILO, T. TAKAHASHI, F.E. TAYLOR, J.J. THALER, J. THOM, E. TORRENCE, A.I. TRANDAFIR, J.D. TURK, T. USHER, J. VA VRA, C. VANNINI, E. VELLA, J.P. VENUTI, R. VERDIER, P.G. VERDINI, D.L. WAGNER, S.R. WAGNER, A.P. WAITE, S. WALSTON, J. WANG, S.J. WATTS, A.W. WEIDEMANN, E.R. WEISS, J.S. WHITAKER, S.L. WHITE, F.J. WICKENS, D.A. WILLIAMS, D.C. WILLIAMS, S.H. WILLIAMS, S. WILLOCQ, R.J. WILSON, W.J. WISNIEWSKI, J.L. WITTLIN, M. WOODS, G.B. WORD, T.R. WRIGHT, J. WYSS, R.K. YAMAMOTO, J.M. YAMARTINO, X.Q. YANG, J. YASHIMA, S.J. YELLIN, C.C.YOUNG, H.YUTA, G. ZAPALAC, R.W. ZDARKO, C. ZEITLIN, J. ZHOU, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRUNEVALD M, NEWALD M, SCHAEL S, BARATE R, BRUNELIE, RE R, BUSKULIC D, DE BONIS I, DECAMP D, GHEZ P, GOY C, JE, ZE, QUEL S, LEES J, LUCOTTE A, MARTIN M, MERLE E, MINARD M, NIEF J, ODIER P, PIETRZYK B, TROCME, BRAVO S, CASADO MP, CHMEISSANI M, COMAS P, CRESPO JM, FERNANDEZ E, FERNANDEZ-BOSMAN M, GARRIDO L, GRAUGES E, JUSTE A, MARTINEZ M, MERINO G, MIQUEL R, MIR LM, ORTEU S, PACHECO A, PARK IC, PERLAS J, RIU I, RUIZ H, SANCHEZ F, COLALEO A, CREANZA D, DE FILIPPIS N, DE PALMA M, IASELLI G, MAGGI G, MAGGI M, NUZZO S, RANIERI, A, RASO, G, RUGGIERI F, SELVAGGI, G, SILVESTRIS L, TEMPESTA P, TRICOMI A, ZITO G, HUANG X, LIN J, OUYANG Q, WANG T, XIE Y, XU R, XUE S, ZHANG J, ZHANG L, ZHAO W, ABBANEO D, BAZARKO A, BECKER U, BOIX G, BIRD F, BLUCHER E, BONVICINI B, BRIGHT-THOMAS P, BARKLOW T, BUCHMU, LLER O, CATTANEO M, CERUTTI F, CIULLI V, CLERBAUX B, DREVERMANN H, FORTY RW, FRANK M, GREENING TC, HAGELBERG R, HALLEY AW, GIANOTTI F, GIRONE M, HANSEN JB, HARVEY J, JACOBSEN J, HUTCHCROFT DE, JANOT P, JOST B, KNOBLOCH J, KADO M, LEHRAUS I, LAZEYRAS P, and MALEY P
Subjects: Top quark, FORWARD-BACKWARD ASYMMETRY, PARTICLE PHYSICS, LARGE ELECTRON POSITRON COLLIDER, ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), electron-positron physics, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Electroweak interaction, Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Electron–positron physics, Electroweak interactions, Decays of heavy intermediate gauge bosons, Fermion–antifermion production, Precision measurements at the Z resonance, Tests of the Standard Model, Radiative corrections, Effective coupling constants, Neutral weak current, Z boson, W boson, Higgs boson, Particle physics - Experiment, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, FERMION-PAIR PRODUCTION, HADRONIC-Z-DECAYS, TOP-QUARK MASS, ANGLE BHABHA SCATTERING, W-BOSON MASS, CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY, Z-LINE-SHAPE, SEMILEPTONIC BRANCHING RATIOS, CARLO EVENT GENERATOR, decays of heavy intermediate gauge bosons, effective coupling constants, electroweak interactions, fermion-antifermion production, higgs boson, neutral weak current, precision measurements at the z resonance, radiative corrections, tests of the standard model, top quark, w boson, z boson, Radiative correction, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Física nuclear, Neutrino, Particle physics, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, Elementary particle physics, LEP, electroweak, Decays of heavy intermediate gauge boson, Effective coupling constant, Partícules (Física nuclear), Standard Model, electroweak theory, Z boson, DELPHI, ALEPH, OPAL, L3, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Coupling constant, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Fermion, FORWARD-BACKWARD ASYMMETRY, FERMION-PAIR PRODUCTION, HADRONIC-Z-DECAYS, TOP-QUARK MASS, ANGLE BHABHA SCATTERING, W-BOSON MASS, CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY, Z-LINE-SHAPE, SEMILEPTONIC BRANCHING RATIOS, CARLO EVENT GENERATOR, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Experimental High Energy Physics, Electron–positron physic, High Energy Physics::Experiment, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE
Abstract: We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLD experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, $\MZ$ and $\GZ$, and its couplings to fermions, for example the $\rho$ parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle, are precisely measured. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840+/-0.0082. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model. Electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its Standard Model expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the masses of the top quark and the W Boson are predicted. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model. Using in addition the direct measurements of $\Mt$ and $\MW$, the mass of the as yet unobserved Standard Model Higgs boson is predicted., Comment: 302 pages, v2: minor corrections and updates of references. Accepted for publication by Physics Reports, v3: further small corrections and journal version
Published: 2006
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40. Partitioning a Call Graph

Author: Bisseling, R.H., Byrka, J., Cerav-Erbas, S., Gvozdenovic, N., Lorenz, M., Pendavingh, R., Reeves, C., Roger, M., Verhoeven, A., van den Berg, J.B., Bhulai, S., Hulshof, J., Koole, G., Quant, C., Williams, J.F., Analyse, and Dep Wiskunde
Subjects: Landbouwwetenschappen, Wiskunde: algemeen, Taverne, Wiskunde en computerwetenschappen, Mathematics
Abstract: Splitting a large software system into smaller and more manageable units has become an important problem for many organizations. The basic structure of a software system is given by a directed graph with vertices representing the programs of the system and arcs representing calls from one program to another. Generating a good partitioning into smaller modules becomes a minimization problem for the number of programs being called by external programs. First, we formulate an equivalent integer linear programming problem with 0–1 variables. Theoretically, with this approach the problem can be solved to optimality, but this becomes very costly with increasing size of the software system. Second, we formulate the problem as a hypergraph partitioning problem. This is a heuristic method using a multilevel strategy, but it turns out to be very fast and to deliver solutions that are close to optimal.
Published: 2006

41. Seasonal dependence of peroxy radical concentrations at a northern hemisphere marine boundary layer site during summer and winter: evidence for photochemical activity in winter

Author: Fleming, Z. L., Monks, P. S., Rickard, A. R., Bandy, B. J., Brough, N., Green, T. J., Reeves, C. E., Penkett, S. A., and EGU, Publication
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: Peroxy radicals (HO2+?RO2) were measured at the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory (52° N, 1° E), Norfolk using a PEroxy Radical Chemical Amplifier (PERCA) during the winter and summer of 2002. The peroxy radical diurnal cycles showed a marked difference between the winter and summer campaigns with maximum concentrations of 12 pptv at midday in the summer and maximum concentrations as high as 30 pptv (10 min averages) in winter at night. The corresponding nighttime peroxy radical concentrations were not as high in summer (3 pptv). The peroxy radical concentration shows a distinct anti-correlation with increasing NOx during the daylight hours. At night, peroxy radicals increase with increasing NOx indicative of the role of NO3 chemistry. The average diurnal cycles for net ozone production, N(O3) show a large variability in ozone production, P(O3), and a large ozone loss, L(O3) in summer relative to winter. For a daylight average, net ozone production in summer than winter (1.51±0.5 ppbv h?1 and 1.11±0.47 ppbv h?1 respectively) but summer shows more variability of (meteorological) conditions than winter. The variability in NO concentration has a much larger effect on N(O3) than the peroxy radical concentrations. Photostationary state (PSS) calculations show an NO2 lifetime of 5 min in summer and 21 min in the winter, implying that steady-state NO-NO2 ratios are not always attained during the winter months. The results show an active peroxy radical chemistry at night and the ability of winter to make oxidant. The net effect of this with respect to production of ozone in winter is unclear owing to the breakdown in the photostationary state.
Published: 2006

42. Partitioning a Call Graph

Author: Bisseling, Rob, Byrka, Jaroslaw, Cerav-Erbas, S., Gvozdenovic, Nebojsa, Lorenz, M., Pendavingh, R., Reeves, C., Röger, M., Verhoeven, A., Berg, J.B., et al, not, and Networks and Optimization
Published: 2006

43. Partitioning a call graph

Author: Bisseling, R.H., Byrka, J., Cerav-Erbas, S., Gvozdenovic, N., Lorenz, M., Pendavingh, R., Reeves, C., Roger, M., Verhoeven, A., van den Berg, J.B., Bhulai, S., Hulshof, J., Koole, G., Quant, C., Williams, J.F., Stochastic Operations Research, Center for Analysis, Scientific Computing & Appl., Scientific Computing, Combinatorial Optimization 1, Analyse, and Dep Wiskunde
Subjects: Landbouwwetenschappen, algemeen [Wiskunde], Taverne, Wiskunde en computerwetenschappen, Mathematics
Abstract: Splitting a large software system into smaller and more manageable units has become an important problem for many organizations. The basic structure of a software system is given by a directed graph with vertices representing the programs of the system and arcs representing calls from one program to another. Generating a good partitioning into smaller modules becomes a minimization problem for the number of programs being called by external programs. First, we formulate an equivalent integer linear programming problem with 0–1 variables. Theoretically, with this approach the problem can be solved to optimality, but this becomes very costly with increasing size of the software system. Second, we formulate the problem as a hypergraph partitioning problem. This is a heuristic method using a multilevel strategy, but it turns out to be very fast and to deliver solutions that are close to optimal.
Published: 2006

44. Establishing Lagrangian connections between observations within air masses crossing the Atlantic during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation experiment

Author: Methven, J., Arnold, S. R., Stohl, A., Evans, M. J., Avery, M., Law, Kathy S., Lewis, A. C., Monks, P. S., Parrish, D. D., Reeves, C. E., Schlager, H., Atlas, E., Blake, D. R., Coe, H., Crosier, J., Flocke, F. M., Holloway, J. S., Hopkins, J. R., Mcquaid, J., Purvis, R., Rappenglück, B., Singh, H. B., Watson, N. M., Whalley, L. K., Williams, P. I., Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Department of Chemistry [Leicester], University of Leicester, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Department of Chemistry [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEAES), University of Manchester [Manchester], Atmospheric Chemistry Division [Boulder], National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements ([Cranfield] (FAAM), National Centre for Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (NCAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), School of Chemistry [Leeds], University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Lagrangian experiment, fingerprint, pollution transport, air mass transformation, trajectory match, long range transport
Abstract: The ITCT-Lagrangian-2K4 (Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation) experiment was conceived with an aim to quantify the effects of photochemistry and mixing on the transformation of air masses in the free troposphere away from emissions. To this end, attempts were made to intercept and sample air masses several times during their journey across the North Atlantic using four aircraft based in New Hampshire (USA), Faial (Azores) and Creil (France). This article begins by describing forecasts from two Lagrangian models that were used to direct the aircraft into target air masses. A novel technique then identifies Lagrangian matches between flight segments. Two independent searches are conducted: for Lagrangian model matches and for pairs of whole air samples with matching hydrocarbon fingerprints. The information is filtered further by searching for matching hydrocarbon samples that are linked by matching trajectories. The quality of these "coincident matches'' is assessed using temperature, humidity and tracer observations. The technique pulls out five clear Lagrangian cases covering a variety of situations and these are examined in detail. The matching trajectories and hydrocarbon fingerprints are shown, and the downwind minus upwind differences in tracers are discussed.
Published: 2006
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45. Long-range transport of ozone and related pollutants over the North Atlantic in spring and summer

Author: Penkett, S. A., Evans, M. J., Reeves, C. E., Law, Kathy S., Monks, P. S., Bauguitte, S. J. B., Pyle, J. A., Green, T. J., Bandy, B. J., Mills, G., Cardenas, L. M., Barjat, H., Kley, D., Schmitgen, S., Kent, J. M., Dewey, K., Methven, J., University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Chemistry [Leicester], University of Leicester, Meteorological Research Flight, Bldg Y46, Kernforschungsanlage, Institut für Chemie (ICH 2), University of Reading (UOR), and EGU, Publication
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents strong experimental evidence for a major perturbation in ozone concentrations over large parts of the North Atlantic Ocean from the surface to 8 km associated with continental pollutants. The evidence was gathered in the course of 7 flights by the UK Meteorological Office C-130 aircraft based on the Azores, and 4 ferry flights between the UK to the Azores in spring and summer 1997 as a component of the NERC-funded ACSOE project. The total latitude range covered was approximately 55°N?25°N, and the longitude range was approximately 0° to 40°W. Many profiles were made between the sea surface and altitudes up to 9 km to survey the composition of the marine atmosphere. The C-130 aircraft was comprehensively equipped to measure many chemical and physical parameters along with standard meteorological instrumentation. Thus it was able to measure ozone and speciated NOy, along with tracers including water vapour, carbon monoxide and condensation nuclei, in near real time. The overall "picture" of the troposphere over large parts of the North Atlantic is of layers of pollution from the continents of different ages interspersed with layers of air uplifted from the marine boundary layer. The lowest ozone concentrations were recorded in the marine boundary layer where there is evidence for extensive ozone destruction in summer. Flights were made to penetrate the outflow of hurricane Erica, to determine the southerly extent of polluted air in summer, to examine the impact of frontal systems on the composition of remote marine air, and to trace long-range pollution from the west coast of the USA interspersed with air with a stratospheric origin. In one of the spring flights it is possible that a plume of polluted air with high ozone and NOy, and with an origin in southeast Asia, was intercepted off the coast of Portugal. The concentrations of NOx, in this plume were sufficient for ozone formation to be continuing along its track from west to east. The instrument to measure NOy almost certainly was only measuring the sum of organic nitrates (mostly in the form of PAN) plus NOx. The high correlation between NOy and ozone under these conditions strongly suggests a non-stratospheric source for most of the ozone encountered over large parts of the atmosphere upwind of Europe. There was a marked seasonal variation in the NOy with about twice as much present in the spring flights than in the summer flights. The overall ozone levels in both spring and summer were somewhat similar although the highest ozone concentration encountered (~100 ppbv) was observed in summer in some polluted layers in mid Atlantic with an origin in the boundary layer over the southeastern USA. The bulk of the pollutants, ozone, CO, and NOy, were in the free troposphere at altitudes between 3 and 8 km. The only instances of pollution at lower levels were in the form of ship plumes, which were encountered several times. The data therefore strongly support the need for more in-situ aircraft experiments to quantify and understand the phenomenon of long-range transport of pollution from continent to continent. Observations at ground-based stations are inadequate for this purpose and satellite data is incomplete both in terms of its altitude detail and in the extent of chemical speciation, particularly for ascertaining whether chemical production and destruction processes for ozone are occurring.
Published: 2004

46. Intercomparison of aircraft instruments on board the C-130 and Falcon 20 over southern Germany during EXPORT 2000

Author: Brough, N., Reeves, C. E., Penkett, S. A., Dewey, K., Kent, J., Barjat, H., Monks, P. S., Ziereis, H., Stock, P., Huntrieser, H., Schlager, H., and EGU, Publication
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: In the summer 2000 Export aircraft campaign (European eXport of Precursors and Ozone by long-Range Transport), two comprehensively instrumented research aircraft measuring a variety of chemical species flew wing tip to wing tip for a period of one and a quarter hours. During this interval a comparison was undertaken of the measurements of nitrogen oxide (NO), odd nitrogen species (NOy), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3). The comparison was performed at two different flight levels, which provided a 10-fold variation in the concentrations of both NO (10 to 1000 parts per trillion by volume (pptv)) and NOy (200 to over 2500 pptv). Large peaks of NO and NOy observed from the Falcon 20, which were at first thought to be from the exhaust of the C-130, were also detected on the 4 channel NOx,y instrument aboard the C-130. These peaks were a good indication that both aircraft were in the same air mass and that the Falcon 20 was not in the exhaust plume of the C-130. Correlations and statistical analysis are presented between the instruments used on the two separate aircraft platforms. These were found to be in good agreement giving a high degree of correlation for the ambient air studied. Any deviations from the correlations are accounted for in the estimated inaccuracies of the instruments. These results help to establish that the instruments aboard the separate aircraft are reliably able to measure the corresponding chemical species in the range of conditions sampled and that data collected by both aircraft can be co-ordinated for purposes of interpretation.
Published: 2003

47. On the Presence of Fat in the Excretions

Author: Reeves, C. E.
Subjects: Original Communications
Published: 1853

48. (b) Whose Responsibility?

Author: Reeves C
Subjects: Injury control, Accident prevention, Local authority, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Human factors and ergonomics, Poison control, medicine.disease, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, Nursing, Injury prevention, medicine, Medical emergency, Psychology
Published: 1975
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49. Evidence for mTOR pathway activation in a spectrum of epilepsy-associated pathologies

Author: Liu, J., Reeves, C., Michalak, Z., Coppola, A., Diehl, B., Sisodiya, S. M., Thom, M., Liu, J., Reeves, C., Michalak, Z., Coppola, A., Diehl, B., Sisodiya, S. M., and Thom, M.
Subjects: nervous system
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50. CLINICAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME DISEASES OF THE ŒSOPHAGUS

Author: Reeves, C. E.
Subjects: Original Communications
Published: 1853

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