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La pénurie de l’emploi et l’obligation qui est faite aux cadres d’aujourd’hui de sélectionner des collaborateurs afin de procéder à leur licenciement engendrent dilemmes et souffrance morales. Cet article propose d’examiner, au sein de deux romans d’entreprise contemporains, deux cas de conscience liés à la nécessité de licencier un subalterne. Potentiel du sinistre de Thomas Coppey (2013) et Cora dans la spirale de Vincent Message (2019) déclinent ces cas de conscience en prenant soin de placer le lecteur du côté de leurs personnages, des cadres intermédiaires du monde assurantiel. Dans le sillage des travaux de Frédérique Leichter-Flack, notamment de Qui vivra qui mourra. Quand on ne peut pas sauver tout le monde (2015), les situations dans lesquelles les auteurs plongent leurs personnages deviennent les supports d’une réflexion éthique. The scarcity of jobs and the obligation of today’s executives to select employees for layoffs create moral dilemmas and suffering. This article proposes to examine two cases of conscience within two contemporary corporate novels related to the necessity of laying off a subordinate. Potentiel du sinistre by Thomas Coppey (Actes Sud, 2013) and Cora dans la spirale by Vincent Message (Seuil, 2019) explore these cases of conscience, taking care to place the reader on the side of their characters, middle managers in the insurance world. Following the work of Frédérique Leichter-Flack, notably Qui vivra qui mourra. Quand on ne peut pas sauver tout le monde (Albin Michel, 2015), the situations in which the authors immerse their characters become the basis for an ethical reflection.

Filmé dans un centre de rééducation pour amputés, La mécanique des corps de Matthieu Chatellier (France, 2016) s’attache à un métier peu représenté au cinéma, celui de prothésiste, médiatisé ici par un regard singulier. Seul et unique technicien du film qu’il est en train de tourner, le réalisateur arpente les couloirs du centre hospitalier «appareillé» de sa caméra, gérant seul l’image et le son. En filmant la pose de prothèses, il entre en relation avec des praticiens et des patients dont la condition résonne avec la sienne. Confrontant analyse de séquences et propos du réalisateur, cet article montre ce que le cinéma direct (ses procédés techniques et cinématographiques) permet de restituer dans la représentation du travail, ainsi que la relation particulière entre le filmeur et le sujet qui s’y découvre. Filmed in a rehabilitation centre for amputees, Matthew Chatellier’s La mécanique des corps (France, 2016) focuses on a rarely represented profession in cinema, that of a prosthetist, mediated here by a unique perspective. As the sole technician of the film he is shooting, the director roams the halls of the hospital equipped with his camera, managing both the image and the sound on his own. By filming the fitting of prosthetics, he enters into a relationship with practitioners and patients whose condition resonates with his own. This article analyses how “direct cinema” (its technical and cinematic processes) can be used to depict work and the particular relationship between the filmmaker and the subject that emerges.

À partir de l’analyse de trois écrits littéraires ouvriers de la première moitié du XXe siècle, cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont les auteur·rice·s ouvrier·ère·s – ici, Marguerite Audoux, René Bonnet et Albert Soulillou – ont mis en mots les lieux du travail. Du petit atelier de couture à la grande usine automobile, en passant par la ville elle-même, où travaillent les charpentiers, les espaces évoqués sont différents les uns des autres, tout comme les moyens d’écriture adoptés par les auteur·rices. Tous.te·s, néanmoins, réalisent, par l’écriture, des gestes singuliers: Audoux constitue l’atelier de couture en refuge féminin; Bonnet inscrit dans la ville de Paris le travail des charpentiers; Soulillou oppose à l’usine un espace onirique dans lequel s’affirme la singularité des travailleur·se·s. Based on an analysis of three literary texts written by workers in the first half of the twentieth century, this article examines how working-class writers – Marguerite Audoux, René Bonnet and Albert Soulillou – wrote about their workplaces. These workplaces range from a small sewing workshop to a large automobile factory to the city itself as a workplace in the case of carpentry work. Despite their differences, the authors all utilise writing to effect a particular type of action involving these workplaces: Audoux transforms the sewing workshop into a place of refuge for women; Bonnet not only writes about the work of carpenters but also integrates their labour into the city of Paris; and Soulillou poetically constructs a dream world through which the workers’ singularities seem to resist the homogenising force of the factory.

S’inscrivant contre la tradition littéraire du roman rustique, Émile Guillaumin propose dans La vie d’un simple une nouvelle voie pour décrire le travail de la terre. Paysan et écrivain, il privilégie l’expérience à l’observation et ses descriptions s’inscrivent dans une réflexion plus générale sur la condition paysanne. L’étude de la genèse du texte révèle en outre des similitudes entre le travail de la terre et le travail de la plume: Guillaumin se forme au métier d’écrivain par un apprentissage méticuleux, commenté avec les termes de l’ouvrage agricole. Against the literary tradition of rustic novels, Émile Guillaumin proposes in The Life of a Simple Man a new way to describe the work of the land. As a farmer and author, he prioritises experience over observation, and his descriptions are part of a broader reflection on the peasant condition. Furthermore, examining the text’s genesis reveals similarities between the work of the soil and the work of the pen: Guillaumin trains himself as a writer through meticulous learning, described with terms borrowed from agricultural work.

Cet article porte sur deux vaudevilles de la première moitié du XIXe siècle: Le Maître de forges (1827) et La Propriété c’est le vol (1848). Il examine la manière dont ces pièces mettent en scène les discours sur l’organisation du travail. Leur représentation caricaturale invite en particulier à interroger le rapport entre pensée politique et public bourgeois au Théâtre du Vaudeville entre la Restauration et la monarchie de Juillet. This article focuses on two vaudevilles from the first half of the nineteenth century: Le Maître de forges (1827) and La Propriété c’est le vol (1848). It examines how these plays stage discourses on the organisation of labour during this period. Their caricatural representation invites an exploration of the relationship between political thought and the bourgeois public at the Théâtre du Vaudeville between the Restoration and the July Monarchy.

À travers l’analyse de deux œuvres de littérature contemporaine française, il s’agit de montrer comment des stratégies de représentation littéraire déterminées permettent de mettre en scène une résorption des conflits inhérents au travail et aux effets de sens dépolitisants que génère la représentation de celui-ci. Dans Le Laminoir (1995) de Jean-Pierre Martin, c’est principalement à travers l’allégorisation de l’usine et de l’ouvrier qu’est opérée cette déconflictualisation du travail. Dans Les Fils conducteurs (2017) de Guillaume Poix, c’est l’esthétisation qui déréalise et dépolitise la représentation des travailleurs et du lieu de travail. Through the analysis of two works of contemporary French literature, this article aims to show how specific strategies of literary representation allow for the staging of a resorption of conflicts inherent to work, as well as the depoliticising effects of its representation. In Le Laminoir (1995) by Jean-Pierre Martin, this depoliticisation of work is mainly achieved through the allegorisation of the factory and the worker. In Les Fils conducteurs (2017) by Guillaume Poix, it is the aestheticisation that derealises and depoliticises the representation of workers and the workplace.

Cette étude éclaire la façon dont le sculpteur suisse André Lasserre (1902-1981) définit les enjeux et les fonctions de son métier. Dès les années 1940, Lasserre formule une pensée de la responsabilité sociale du sculpteur et plus généralement de la morale et du devoir de l’artiste dans la société, héritée des avant-gardes. Une analyse de ses discours et de ses écrits dans leur contexte de formation et de diffusion démontre que son œuvre, formellement plurielle, repose sur la base d’un intérêt marqué pour un art engagé. La définition et les ancrages de cet engagement se transforment au fil des conjonctures auxquelles l’artiste est confronté, de Paris durant le Front Populaire jusqu’à son insertion sur la scène artistique lausannoise dans un contexte de guerre froide, en passant par une longue période d’emprisonnements qui sanctionne notamment ses actes de Résistance pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. This study sheds light on how Swiss sculptor André Lasserre (1902-1981) defined the challenges and functions of his profession. As early as the 1940s, Lasserre developed a concept of the social responsibility of the sculptor and, more broadly, the moral and societal duties of the artist, influenced by avant-garde movements. An analysis of his speeches and writings within their educational and dissemination context demonstrates that his formally diverse body of work is rooted in a strong interest in socially engaged art. The definition and foundations of this engagement evolve through the various circumstances the artist encounters, from Paris during the Popular Front to his integration into the Lausanne art scene in the context of the Cold War, including a long period of imprisonment that resulted from his acts of resistance during the Second World War.

Prenant le contre-pied des discours sur le travail comme mal nécessaire ou instrument d’aliénation, les compagnons du Tour de France cultivent depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle une forme de distinction qui opère de deux façons. D’une part, ils ne parlent qu’avec beaucoup de retenue et de parcimonie de «travail». D’autre part, les valeurs et représentations associées à l’idée de travail passent chez eux principalement par les voies de l’iconographie, de l’autobiographie et du rituel. À partir de l’examen du cas singulier d’un atelier d’écriture contemporain qui force les discours, l’article décrit en premier lieu les formes et raisons du silence ordinaire qui entoure le travail chez les compagnons. Il s’attèle ensuite à présenter les ressorts des manières visuelle, rituelle et littéraire d’exprimer ou de montrer le travail au sein du compagnonnage en France, et s’emploie à en identifier les articulations. Taking an opposing view to discourses that portray work as a necessary evil or a tool of alienation, the Compagnons du Tour de France have cultivated a form of distinction since the end of the eighteenth century that operates in two ways. On the one hand, the compagnons (journeymen) speak only “work” with great restraint and parsimony. On the other hand, the values and representations associated with the idea of work are expressed primarily through iconography, autobiography and ritual. Using a contemporary writing workshop that forces this discourse as a unique case study, the article first describes the forms and reasons for the silence surrounding work among the compagnons. It then presents the mechanisms of visual, ritual and literary ways of expressing or showing work within the compagnonnage in France and seeks to identify their articulations.

L’écriture d’un journal personnel, plus encore que d’autres pratiques autobiographiques, est liée à la façon de penser et d’organiser son travail au quotidien. Elle permet de conjurer la hantise du temps perdu et, à travers un regard réflexif sur les journées écoulées, de corriger l’instabilité d’une existence parfois dispersée ou oisive. Les écrivains qui tiennent un journal tentent souvent de ressaisir et de mettre en place les conditions dans lesquelles ils élaborent leurs recherches et leurs ouvrages. Cet article se penche sur le cas célèbre d’Henri-Frédéric Amiel. Il montre comment cet homme de lettres genevois a recouru à l’écriture diaristique pour tenter de rationaliser, parfois jusqu’à l’obsession, non seulement son travail quotidien, mais son rapport à la vie intellectuelle dans son ensemble. Even more than other autobiographical practices, writing a personal journal or diary is a way of thinking and organising one’s daily work. It allows one to ward off the fear of lost time and, through daily reflection, correct the instability of a sometimes scattered or idle existence. Moreover, writers who keep a diary often try to grasp and establish the conditions in which they develop their research and works. This article focuses on the famous case of Henri-Frédéric Amiel. It shows how this Genevan man of letters resorted to diary writing to try to rationalise, sometimes to the point of obsession, not only his daily work but also his relationship to intellectual life as a whole.

Unresolved states of mind regarding experiences of loss/abuse (U/d) are identified through lapses in the monitoring of reasoning, discourse, and behavior surrounding loss/abuse in response to the Adult Attachment Interview. Although the coding system for U/d has been widely used for decades, the individual indicators of unresolved loss/abuse have not been validated independently of the development sample. This study examined the psychometric validity of U/d, using individual participant data from 1,009 parent–child dyads across 13 studies. A latent class analysis showed that subsets of commonly occurring U/d indicators could differentiate interviewees with or without unresolved loss/abuse. Predictive models suggested a psychometric model of U/d consisting of a combination of these common indicators, with disbelief and psychologically confused statements regarding loss being especially important indicators of U/d. This model weakly predicted infant disorganized attachment. Multilevel regression analysis showed no significant association between ratings of unresolved other trauma and infant disorganized attachment, over and above ratings of unresolved loss/abuse. Altogether, these findings suggest that the coding system of U/d may have been overfitted to the initial development sample. Directions for further articulation and optimization of U/d are provided.

Appraisals can be influenced by cultural beliefs and stereotypes. In line with this, past research has shown that judgments about the emotional expression of a face are influenced by the face's sex, and vice versa that judgments about the sex of a person somewhat depend on the person's facial expression. For example, participants associate anger with male faces, and female faces with happiness or sadness. However, the strength and the bidirectionality of these effects remain debated. Moreover, the interplay of a stimulus' emotion and sex remains mostly unknown in the auditory domain. To investigate these questions, we created a novel stimulus set of 121 avatar faces and 121 human voices (available at https://bit.ly/2JkXrpy) with matched, fine-scale changes along the emotional (happy to angry) and sexual (male to female) dimensions. In a first experiment (N = 76), we found clear evidence for the mutual influence of facial emotion and sex cues on ratings, and moreover for larger implicit (task-irrelevant) effects of stimulus' emotion than of sex. These findings were replicated and extended in two preregistered studies-one laboratory categorization study using the same face stimuli (N = 108; https://osf.io/ve9an), and one online study with vocalizations (N = 72; https://osf.io/vhc9g). Overall, results show that the associations of maleness-anger and femaleness-happiness exist across sensory modalities, and suggest that emotions expressed in the face and voice cannot be entirely disregarded, even when attention is mainly focused on determining stimulus' sex. We discuss the relevance of these findings for cognitive and neural models of face and voice processing.

This Exchanges article profiles the perspectives of Abigail Zita Seshie (Ph.D.) a current postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Community Health & Epidemiology at the University of Saskatchewan (USask), and Reggie Nyamekye, a graduate student in Women’s and Gender Studies at USask on culture, African women, representations, African feminisms, resisting exceptionalisms, with a focus on Ghanaian and Canadian contexts.

The main goal of this paper is to investigate whether (and how) humans are unique in using tools and artifacts. Non-human animals exhibit some impressive instances of tool and artifact-use. Chimpanzees use sticks to get termites out of a mound, beavers build dams, birds make nests, spiders create webs, bowerbirds make bowers to impress potential mates, etc. There is no doubt that some animals modify and use objects in clever and sophisticated ways. But how does this relate to the way in which humans make and use objects to achieve their goals? To answer this question, this paper first presents a taxonomy of artifacts, identifying four overlapping categories, namely embodied, perceptual, cognitive, and affective artifacts. It then discusses definitions of animal tool-use, arguing that we need a more liberal approach, one that goes beyond the use of tools that are embedded in occurrent perception-action cycles. This paper ends by analysing how instances of animal tool and artifact-use can be classified according to the four identified categories, concluding that some animals use embodied, perceptual, cognitive, and affective artifacts. In this sense, humans are thus not unique in the kinds of tools and artifacts we use. What is unique, however, is our unprecedented flexibility and openness to deeply incorporate a large variety of complex tools and artifacts into our embodied, perceptual, cognitive, and affective systems.

Resumen El artículo expone acerca del conjunto de significados y representaciones sociales que se conformaron alrededor de la discusión de los conceptos liberal-conservador para el caso costarricense, durante el ocaso del siglo XIX, y, los primeros años del siglo XX que estuvieron marcados por un ambiente político-electoral y sociocultural convulso y desigual dentro de la sociedad costarricense. Lo anterior, debido a tensiones que surgieron entre liberales y sectores populares conservadores que se encontraban acuerpados por la Iglesia católica. El texto desarrolla en una primera parte, una mirada breve en torno a los orígenes teóricos de ambas nociones y su evolución en el tiempo durante el siglo XIX para el caso costarricense. Posteriormente, se profundiza sobre los alcances de la discusión liberal-conservadora en las postrimerías del siglo XIX y los albores del siglo XX. Abstract The article presents the set of meanings and social representations that were formed around the discussion of the liberal-conservative concepts for the Costa Rican case, during the twilight of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, which were marked by a convulsive and unequal political-electoral and sociocultural environment within Costa Rican society. This was due to tensions that arose between liberals and conservative popular sectors that were supported by the Catholic Church. The first part of the text develops a brief overview of the theoretical origins of both notions and their evolution over time during the 19th century in the Costa Rican case. Subsequently, it delves into the scope of the liberal-conservative discussion in the late nineteenth century and the dawn of the twentieth century.

Critical statistical mechanics and Conformal Field Theory (CFT) are conjecturally connected since the seminal work of Beliavin, Polyakov, and Zamolodchikov [BPZ84a]. Both exhibit exactly solvable structures in two dimensions. A long-standing question [ItTh87] concerns whether there is a direct link between these structures, that is, whether the Virasoro algebra representations of CFT, the distinctive feature of CFT in two dimensions, can be found within lattice models of statistical mechanics. We give a positive answer to this question for the discrete Gaussian free field and for the Ising model, by connecting the structures of discrete complex analysis in the lattice models with the Virasoro symmetry that is expected to describe their scaling limits. This allows for a tight connection of a number of objects from the lattice model world and the field theory one. In particular, our results link the CFT local fields with lattice local fields introduced in [GHP19] and the probabilistic formulation of the lattice model with the continuum correlation functions. Our construction is a decisive step towards establishing the conjectured correspondence between the correlation functions of the CFT fields and those of the lattice local fields. In particular, together with the upcoming [CHI19], our construction will complete the picture initiated in [HoSm13, Hon12, CHI15], where a number of conjectures relating specific Ising lattice fields and CFT correlations were proven., 48 pages, 14 figures

Afin de comprendre la représentation sociale de l’altérité au sein de guides touristiques consacrés à des destinations insulaires ayant connu une histoire coloniale, nous procèderons à une analyse comparative d’un corpus de sept guides publiés entre 2018 et 2021 : La Réunion, Mayotte, Maurice/ Rodrigues, les Seychelles, les Maldives, la Guadeloupe et la Martinique. Une attention particulière sera prêtée aux introductions de ces ouvrages. Comment cette altéra lingua, altérité complexe est-elle représentée, c’est-à-dire discursivement construite, au sein de ces ouvrages ? Quelle place occupent les populations insulaires et les langues locales dans la promotion touristique de ces destinations ? Comment s’articulent les discours sur « l’Autre » et le « Même » au sein des discours touristiques ? Ancrée dans une approche phénoménologique et suivant la méthodologie traditionnelle de l’analyse discursive, cet article propose un état des lieux de la question de l’altérité dans les discours touristiques rattachés à l’insularité. In order to understand the social representation of otherness within tourist guides dedicated to island destinations with a colonial history, we will conduct a comparative analysis of a corpus of seven guides published between 2018 and 2021: Réunion, Mayotte, Mauritius/Rodrigues, Sey helles, Maldives, Guadeloupe, and Martinique. Special attention will be given to the introductions of these publications. How is this complex alterity linguistically represented or discursively constructed within these works? What role do the island populations and local languages play in the tourist promotion of these destinations? How are discourses on "the Other" and the "Same" articulated within tourist discourses?Grounded in a phenomenological approach and following the traditional methodology of discursive analysis, this article provides an overview of the issue of otherness in tourist discourses related to insularity.

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à l’étude du flux migratoire des Vénézuéliens vers le Brésil. Le rapport « Refuge en chiffres » (CONARE) révèle qu’en 2018, 80 057 personnes ont demandé la reconnaissance du statut de réfugié au Brésil, les Vénézuéliens représentant 77 % de ce montant. En général, les gens qui viennent du Venezuela traversent la frontière en direction de la petite ville de Pacaraima, dans l’État de Roraima, qui compte 18 913 habitants. Les graves impacts économiques et sociaux sur l’état et en particulier sur la ville ont conduit les experts à signaler la plus grande crise migratoire de l’histoire du Brésil. Mais les Vénézuéliens se considèrent-ils comme un problème pour le pays d’accueil ? Comment se (re)présentent-ils dans leurs discours ? Comme d’habitude peu d’espace est accordé à ces individus pour textualiser leurs expériences de vie, nous essaierons de restaurer leur espace de parole en examinant, à la lumière de la sémantique globale (Maingueneau, 2005), quatre récits de vie des migrants vénézuéliens vivant actuellement au Brésil, afin d’appréhender leurs représentations (discursives) d’eux-mêmes, des autres, du monde. In this paper, we are interested in the study of the migratory flow of Venezuelans to Brazil. The report “Refuge in numbers” (CONARE) reveals that in 2018, 80,057 people applied for recognition of refugee status in Brazil, Venezuelans representing 77 % of this amount. In general, the migrants from Venezuela cross the border to the small town of Pacaraima in Roraima State, which has a population of 18,913 inhabitants. The serious economic and social impacts on the state and in particular on the city have led experts to point out the biggest migratory crisis in the history of Brazil. But do Venezuelans see themselves as a problem for the host country? How do they (re)present themselves in their speeches? Since little space is usually given for these individuals to textualize their life experiences, we will try to restore their speech space by examining, in the light of Global Semantics (Maingueneau 2005), four life stories of Venezuelan migrants currently living in Brazil, in order to apprehend their (discursive) representations of themselves, of others, of the world.

В статье представлены варианты структуры семантического поля концепта SURPRISE в современном английском языке. Идея построения поля основана на выявлении ключевых слов-репрезентантов по толковым и синонимическим словарям. Фокус внимания исследования направлен на анализ синонимов базовой лексемы, выявляющей компоненты, формирующие семантическое поле концепта в языке с учетом не только критерия компонентов семантического значения слов-репрезентатов, но и с учетом критерия частотности выявленного значения. Таким образом, данная статья позволяет более глубоко понять семантическое поле концепта SURPRISE в современном английском языке и использовать его на практике при изучении языка, переводе текстов и коммуникации на английском языке., The article presents variants of the semantic field structure of the concept SURPRISE in modern English. The semantic field structure is formed by the keywords identified in the explanatory and synonymic dictionaries. The study focuses on the analysis of the synonyms of the basic lexeme that identifies the components of the concept semantic field taking various criteria into account, i.e. the semantic meaning of the word and the number of times the meaning appears in the dictionary. Thus, this article allows us to better understand the semantic field of the concept SURPRISE in modern English and use it in translation, learning the language and communicating in English., Russian Linguistic Bulletin, Выпуск 7 (43) 2023

Le cycle de séminaires « Chiffrer et déchiffrer les empires » organisé par Emmanuelle Sibeud, université Paris 8, et Béatrice Touchelay, université de Lille, depuis 2021 vise à analyser la fabrication et à discuter des usages des statistiques dans le monde colonial et post-colonial, et en particulier des représentations des situations qu’elles proposent. Les séances alternent entre la présentation de fonds d’archives contenant de nombreuses statistiques et celles de recherches en cours ou récentes qui mobilisent des chiffres ou qui en font leur objet d’étude. Accessibles à distance et au Campus Condorcet en 2022-2023, elles sont ouvertes à un large public d’étudiants et de chercheurs intéressés par ce que les chiffres apprennent, ou bien déforment, du fait colonial et post-colonial. Ces séminaires s’inscrivent dans un programme de recherches plus vaste sur les chiffres en situation impériale qui est porté par une ANR. Les statistiques retenues sont abordées comme des conventions, des constructions sociales et politiques, donc des représentations résultant des rapports de force qui structurent les empires et leurs héritages. Étudier la façon dont ces chiffres sont fabriqués, examiner la contribution des populations colonisées puis « indépendantes » à cette construction, voir comment elles s’emparent de ces chiffres ou bien s’en détournent, préciser comment ces statistiques participent à l’imaginaire colonial, en bref, analyser ce qui se cache derrière les chiffres et dans quelle mesure ils contribuent au processus de domination sont les objectifs de ces programmes. The cycle of seminars “Encrypting and deciphering empires” organized by Emmanuelle Sibeud, University of Paris8, and Béatrice Touchelay, University of Lille, since 2021 aims to analyze the production and discuss the uses of statistics in the colonial and post-colonial world, and in particular the representations of colonial situations that they offer. The sessions alternate between the presentation of archival collections containing numerous statistics and those of current or recent research projects that use figures or make them their object of study. Accessible by distance learning and at the Condorcet Campus in 2022-2023, they are open to a wide audience of students and researchers interested in what figures teach us, or distort, about the colonial and post-colonial fact. These seminars are part of a larger research program on figures in an imperial situation that is supported by the ANR. The statistics selected are approached as conventions, social and political constructions, mental representations, resulting from the power relations that structure empires and their legacies. The objectives of these programs are to study the way in which these figures are manufactured, to examine the contribution of colonized and then “independent” populations to this construction, to see how they take hold of these figures or turn away from them, to specify how these statistics participate in the colonial imaginary, in short, to analyze what is hidden behind the figures and to what extent they participate in the process of domination.

RESUMEN Esta investigación estudia las representaciones textuales y gráficas respecto de la pena de muerte (fusilamientos) en Chile durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX, y revisa el papel de los medios de comunicación impresos en las construcciones de sentido y realidad respecto del tema. Se argumenta que uno de esos medios, el diario La Tercera de la Hora (1950-), con temáticas de “crónica roja”, lenguaje transversal y circulación nacional, no solo sería un suministrador de contenidos narrativos y visuales sobre tales hechos trágicos y violentos, sino además un actor del período en la medida que sería un agente de producción y circulación de mensajes que contribuirían a la reafirmación de los marcos de referencia construidos histórica y socialmente para ese entonces. Aparte de la evidente necesidad de vender ejemplares para mantenerse en el mercado editorial y periodístico, muy propio de la prensa de masas, la construcción de noticias sobre los fusilamientos tendría una clara intencionalidad: la de mostrar a su público una realidad binaria (de seres normales y anormales; víctimas y victimarios; ciudadanos y criminales) que respaldaría ideológicamente el ideal de un sujeto político y social definido por su respeto ciudadano y laboriosidad, del cual los sentenciados al patíbulo serían su evidente contraparte. ABSTRACT This research studies the textual and graphic representations of the death penalty (executions) in Chile during the second half of the twentieth century and reviews the role of the print media in the constructions of meaning and reality regarding the subject. It is argued that one of those media, the newspaper La Tercera de la Hora (1950-), with “crónica roja” themes, transversal language and national circulation, would not only be a supplier of narrative and visual contents about such tragic and violent events, but also an actor of the period insofar as it would be an agent of production and circulation of messages that would contribute to the reaffirmation of the historically and socially constructed frames of reference for that time. Apart from the obvious need to sell copies to stay in the editorial and journalistic market, very typical of the mass press, the construction of news about the executions would have a clear intentionality: to show its public a binary reality (of normal and abnormal beings; victims and victimizers; citizens and criminals) that would ideologically support the ideal of a political and social subject defined by its citizen respect and industriousness, of which those sentenced to the scaffold would be its obvious counterpart.

This article examines representations of multiple sclerosis in direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertisements televised during 2021 in the United States. Drawing on and developing Cultural Disability Studies theory, it highlights how advertising produced by pharmaceutical companies influences mass understandings, as well as personal experiences of, multiple sclerosis. The application of textual analysis to a small-sample of direct-to-consumer advertisements that promote drug therapies for multiple sclerosis (n. 4) uncovers the prevalence of profit-driven, rather than person-driven, medical neoliberal ideologies. On first impressions, the advertisements appear to challenge the metanarrative of multiple sclerosis as a life-limiting tragedy. However, the research findings reveal that multiple sclerosis is framed as the “hidden enemy” of the American dream, supposedly threatening individuals’ abilities to live productive and meaningful lives, while the consumption of pharmaceutical “wonder” drugs is treated as an act of self-empowerment.

This study aims to understand grade 5 students’ understanding of the different rational number representations and the conversion between them, before and after a teaching experiment. The participants are four students from a class, and, for data collection, two tests were used – pre-test and post-test –, complemented with individual semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that, before the teaching experiment, students had limited knowledge of rational number symbolic representations and the conversion between them, which they did procedurally. They just showed more familiarity with the fraction representation. After the teaching experiment, these students showed knowledge about fractions, decimals and percents and started to make conversions between them with conceptual understanding. The use of models seems to have contributed to the development of these concepts., Este estudo tem como objetivo perceber que compreensão revelam os alunos do 5.º ano das diferentes representações simbólicas dos números racionais e da conversão entre elas, antes e após a realização de uma experiência de ensino que valoriza o uso de modelos geométricos. Os participantes são quatro alunos de uma turma e, para a recolha de dados, foram usados dois testes – inicial e final –, complementados com a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais. Os resultados indicam que, antes da experiência de ensino, os alunos tinham um conhecimento limitado das diferentes formas de representar simbolicamente números racionais e da conversão entre elas, que faziam procedimentalmente, ou seja, aplicando os respetivos algoritmos. Apenas mostravam mais familiaridade com a representação em fração. Após a experiência de ensino, estes alunos mostraram conhecimento das representações em fração, numeral decimal e percentagem e passaram a fazer conversões entre elas evidenciando compreensão concetual. O uso de modelos parece ter contribuído para o desenvolvimento das compreensões referidas.

This article focuses on a case-study about the representations of medical doctors and judges regarding medically assisted lesbian motherhood. Among medical doctors, the figure of “the father” is vital and lesbian motherhood is seen as a disturbing change; among judges, the presence of a father figure is not considered essential to motherhood. Accordingly, among the latter, lesbian motherhood is a maternal model that should have legal expression. However, in both cases, the underlying scenario is the dominant model of motherhood: marriage and the nuclear family., Este artigo parte de um estudo de caso sobre as representações de médicos e juízes acerca da maternidade lésbica medicamente assistida. Entre os médicos, a figura de um pai é central, sendo a maternidade lésbica entendida como uma transformação perturbadora; entre os juízes, a presença de um pai não é considerada essencial à concretização da maternidade, surgindo a maternidade lésbica como um modelo que deve ter expressão legal. Todavia, o cenário restrito do modelo dominante de maternidade, o do casamento e da família nuclear, continua subjacente em ambos os casos.

Este artigo parte de um estudo de caso sobre as representações de médicos e juízes acerca da maternidade lésbica medicamente assistida. Entre os médicos, a figura de um pai é central, sendo a maternidade lésbica entendida como uma transformação perturbadora; entre os juízes, a presença de um pai não é considerada essencial à concretização da maternidade, surgindo a maternidade lésbica como um modelo que deve ter expressão legal. Todavia, o cenário restrito do modelo dominante de maternidade, o do casamento e da família nuclear, continua subjacente em ambos os casos., Análise Social, Vol. 49 No. 213 (2014)

Οι κινηματογραφικές αναπαραστάσεις των αυτιστικών ατόμων στον κινηματογράφο, υπόκεινται σε συζητήσεις με έντονο ενδιαφέρον τα τελευταία χρόνια. Ο προβληματισμός σχετικά με το αν αυτές οι αναπαραστάσεις είναι ακριβείς ή όχι, σχετίζεται με το ερώτημα αν μπορούν να οδηγήσουν σε στερεότυπες αντιλήψεις σχετικά με την διαταραχή. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας, είναι να μελετήσει εάν οι αναπαραστάσεις ατόμων με διαταραχή αυτιστικού φάσματος, συνάδουν με τα διαγνωστικά κριτήρια του DSM-V. Το νόημα που προκύπτει από τα αποτελέσματα, συζητιέται σε σχέση με την πιθανή εκπαιδευτική αξία που μπορεί να έχουν οι κινηματογραφικές αναπαραστάσεις για το κοινό. Σύμφωνα με τα ευρήματα της μελέτης, οι κινηματογραφικοί χαρακτήρες με ΔΑΦ φαίνεται να πληρούν με ακρίβεια τα διαγνωστικά κριτήρια του DSM-V. Η πλειοψηφία των αναπαραστάσεων αφορά νεαρούς, λευκούς άνδρες, ενώ πολλοί από τους χαρακτήρες παρουσιάζουν ιδιαίτερες δεξιότητες και ταλέντα. Από την μελέτη των αποτελεσμάτων διαπιστώθηκε ότι, παρόλο που τα στερεότυπα που ακολουθούν την διαταραχή ήταν εμφανή στο δείγμα, ο κινηματογράφος θα μπορούσε να έχει και εκπαιδευτικό χαρακτήρα, κυρίως όσο αφορά πληροφόρηση και ευαισθητοποίηση του ευρύτερου κοινού., The cinematic representations of autism have become a subject of intense interest in recent years. The concern of whether these representations are accurate or not, is related to the question of whether they can lead to stereotypical perceptions about the disorder. The purpose of this dissertation is to study whether the representations of people with autism spectrum disorder comply with the diagnostic criteria of DSM-V. The outcome of the findings is discussed in relation to the possible educational value that cinematic representations may have for the audience. According to the findings of the study, the cinematographic characters with ASD appear to accurately meet the diagnostic criteria of DSM-V. The majority of the representations are young, white men, and many have particular skills and talents. Furthermore, most of them are verbal characters with high functionality. After studying the results, it was found that, although the stereotypes were evident in the sample, cinema could also have an educational character, mainly informing and spreading awareness to the general public.

Previous research has shown how media discourse presents youth as a homogeneous and problematic category, but in Portugal media coverage of youth remains unexplored. This article is a summary of an exploratory study about this discourse, containing a detailed analysis of all reports about young people published during the period of a week in the major newspapers and news magazines. Within its limitations, it examines the contents and the style of news reports, having in mind some features of newspaper production, the way these discursive features reveal and constitute a form of controlling youth discursive action and propitiate the reproduction of ageistic knowledge, attitudes and ideologies., A investigação tem realçado o poder do discurso dos media na constituição da “juventude” como uma categoria homogénea e problemática. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo exploratório sobre este discurso, praticamente inexplorado no contexto nacional. Não tendo pretensões de representatividade nem de generalização, examina o conteúdo e o estilo dos textos sobre jovens publicados durante uma semana nos principais jornais e revistas de informação geral, tendo em conta algumas das suas condições de produção, a forma como estes manifestam e constituem um modo de controlo da acção discursiva dos jovens e propiciam a reprodução de conhecimento, atitudes e ideologias adultocêntricas.

Le diabète, une maladie chronique constitue un problème de santé publique dans le monde. En Côte d’Ivoire, dans les Centres hospitaliers en général et particulièrement à l’hôpital militaire d’Abidjan, les facteurs de prise en charge de cette maladie suscitent des incongruités. Lesquelles se résument dans sa chronicité, son coût et dans les pratiques thérapeutiques, qui fondent les inadéquations entre les logiques des acteurs en présence. En dehors de ces facteurs (clinique, économique et culturel) qui rendent complexe la gestion du diabète, il y a aussi des dimensions (individuelle et sociale) comme l’ignorance et le statut social des patients. Cet article veut comprendre les logiques explicatives de la gestion de la prise en charge des diabétiques. La méthodologie qui a présidé au recueil des données est l’approche mixte. Les données qualitatives et quantitatives sont respectivement recueillies à partir de guides d’entretien individuel, de groupe, de grille d’observation in situ et de questionnaire. Ces résultats montrent que les perceptions et représentations des patients de la maladie, la méconnaissance du risque associée à l’inobservance du traitement et l’influence de l’environnement social rendent difficile sa prise en charge. Aussi, les pesanteurs socioéconomiques et culturelles sont-elles clientes des incongruités de la gestion de la pathologie.

National audience; Après un état des lieux des recherches récentes conduites par les géographes français sur les forêts, sont présentées les forêts vietnamiennes, leurs dynamiques et les pratiques liées, du recul des forêts à leur redéploiement, via les plantations forestières. La deuxième partie de l'intervention se centre sur ces dernières, aujourd'hui encouragées dans le contexte du changement climatique, comme moyen d'atténuation, d'adaptation et participant de stratégies d'évitement ; l'exemple pris est la France, plus particulièrement la région Centre-Val de Loire. Multifonctionnelles, les forêts offrent d'abord des ressources. Entités à protéger, elles sont aussi considérées comme salvatrices, d'autant plus dans une volonté de lutte contre le changement climatique.

Dans cet ouvrage, Anne Monjaret propose de considérer comme un objet ethnologique la pin-up dans des lieux de travail ouvrier exclusivement masculins. Sa démarche s’inscrit dans la continuité de ses précédents travaux sur des figures féminines paradoxales, comme les Catherinettes (Monjaret, 1997), ou encore sur les espaces de travail. Son intérêt pour les images de « jolies filles peu vêtues accrochées sur les murs » (p. 6) répond en même temps à un vide relatif dans le champ de la littératur...

The Performance Performance: challenging the controlling images – The article proposes to analyze the performance Leite Derramado (2013) by the artist Ana Musidora from point of view of Black mother representation. In this regard, we investigate the concept of controlling images by the American sociologist Patricia Hill Collins and the images invoked to define the black woman in Brazil, by the Anthropologist Lélia Gonzalez. We reflect on how Leite Derramado explores critical layers on the images/historical representations sorted according to patriarchal and slavery values on Black women., Performance Lait renversé: défier les images de controle – L'article propose d'analyser la performance Lait renversé (2013) de l'artiste Ana Musidora à partir de la représentation de la mère. J'étudie le concept d'images de contrôle, défini par la sociologue américaine Patricia Hill Collins, ainsi que les images invoquées pour définir une femme noire au Brésil, par l'anthropologue Lélia Gonzalez. Je cherche à mettre en lumière comment Lait renversé explore différentes couches d’analyse critique d'images et de représentations historiques de femmes noires ordonnancées selon les valeurs patriarcales et esclavagistes., The article proposes to analyze the performance Leite Derramado (2013) by artist Ana Musidora from the perspective of the representation of the Black mother. In this regard, we investigate the concept of controlling images by American sociologist Patricia Hill Collins and the images invoked to define black women in Brazil, by Anthropologist Lélia Gonzalez. We reflect on how Leite Derramado explores critical layers on the images/historical representations sorted according to patriarchal and slavocratic values on Black women.

Le corps dénudé est un immense sujet qui semble avoir été jusqu’ici surtout fréquenté par les historiens de l’art, à en juger par la bibliographie disponible, en particulier par les livres classiques mais désormais anciens de W. Hausenstein et K. Clark ou celui plus récent de Nadeije Laneyrie-Dagen, L’invention du corps. Il est vrai que c’est par la peinture et la sculpture que la nudité est explicite et que l’on peut en mesurer le degré, mais il est tout aussi évident que ces sources ne saur...

La nudité des danseuses de l’Opéra sous la Monarchie de Juillet n’apparaît jamais à l’historien comme une nudité vécue et narrée par les danseuses. C’est le regard masculin qui s’impose en premier lieu à l’historien : celui des théoriciens du ballet-pantomime d’inspiration romantique ou des spectateurs de l’Opéra. L’analyse des sources normatives et des critiques de ballet permet de mieux comprendre les enjeux culturels et sociaux liés à l’exhibition en scène des corps féminins. Enfin, elle invite à une étude approfondie des émotions ressenties par les spectateurs. For the historian, the nudity of the Opera dancers under the July Monarchy is never perceived nor counted by the dancers themselves but through a male point of view: either theorists of the romantic inspired ballet-mime show or Opera audience. The analysis of normative sources and ballet critics give us information about cultural and social stakes linked with feminine bodies exhibition on stage. It also opens on a thorough study of the audience’s emotions.

Contrairement aux idées reçues, la femme occupe une place importante dans les groupes sculptés qui ont peuplé entre la seconde moitié du xixe siècle et les premières décennies du xxe les galeries de ce grand cimetière urbain. Elle apparaît dans ces œuvres révélatrices des valeurs d’un système patriarcal et hiérarchisé comme épouse et surtout comme veuve, exprimant sa douleur et marquant son deuil dans la scène au lit de mort de son mari ou la représentation de la visite au cimetière. Défunte, elle peut parfois être représentée seule ou en couple. Plus souvent, elle figure dans des compositions, telle l’« âme ravie ». Des allégories de la mort et la tendance à la féminisation de l’ange achèvent de lui conférer une place spécifique. Contrary to received ideas, women hold an important place in sculpted groups everywhere to be found in this great urban cemetery during the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century. In such works redolent of a patriarchal and hierarchical system the woman appears as a wife and most of all a widow, expressing grief and marking bereavement at her husband’s deathbed, or in scenes depicting a visit to the grave. As a deceased woman, she may sometimes be represented alone or in couple. More often, she is part of group compositions, such as the “ravished soul”. Some allegories of death and the tendency to feminize angels all contribute to giving the woman a specific place. Contrariamente alle idee preconcette, la donna occupa un posto rilevante nelle sculture che tra la seconda metà del xix secolo ed i primi decenni del xx hanno popolato i viali di questo grande cimitero urbano. In tali opere rivelatrici dei valori di un sistema patriarcale e gerarchico la donna appare nella veste di sposa e soprattutto di vedova, che esprime il suo dolore e rivela il suo lutto nella scena al letto del marito morente o nella rappresentazione della visita al cimitero. Defunta la donna può essere talora raffigurata sola o in coppia. Nei gruppi scultorei ella rappresenta sovente il simbolo dell’ “anima in estasi”. Alcune allegorie della morte e la tendenza alla femminilizzazione dell’angelo finiscono per conferirle un posto specifico nella rappresentazione del lutto.

Au tournant du xxie siècle, l’influence de la bande dessinée apparaît d’autant plus intéressante qu’elle touche majoritairement un jeune public en quête de modèles auxquels s’identifier et qui marquent les imaginaires. Dans ce cadre, il est possible d’analyser l’exemple de deux bandes dessinées de football, Olive et Tom et Foot 2 Rue, qui participent entre 1999 et 2006 de la définition d’une masculinité hégémonique. Pour ce faire, une analyse linguistique des récits et des dialogues est couplée à une analyse picturale afin d’extraire les normes masculines émises par ces médias. Cette double analyse permet de révéler certaines contradictions ou ambiguïtés possibles entre les modèles masculins promus. Si durant cette période, Olive et Tom, encore appelé Captain Tsubasa, met en scène la carrière fulgurante de Tsubasa Ozora (Olivier Atton dans la version française), qui rêve d’offrir à son pays, le Japon, la Coupe du Monde Foot 2 Rue retrace les aventures de Tag, Gabriel, les Teckno, et Eloïse, des adolescents réunis dans l’orphelinat de Riffler pour organiser la première coupe du monde de football de rue. D’une manière générale, ces deux bandes dessinées mettent en scène des personnages déclassés sociaux, qui grâce à leur talent dans le football, mais aussi leur caractère et le dépassement des obstacles rencontrés, parviennent à se hisser socialement et à accomplir leurs rêves les plus fous. Pour ce faire, ils déploient une palette de gestes techniques, parfois aussi beaucoup de force physique pour prendre le dessus sur leurs adversaires. Pour toutes ces raisons, Olive et Tom et Foot 2 Rue représentent deux œuvres marquantes de la jeunesse française qui véhiculent des normes masculines négociées entre masculinité traditionnelle et virile et inclusivité des genres. At the turn of the 21st century, the influence of the comic appears all the more interesting as it mainly affects a young people in search of models to identify with and mark the imagination. In this context, we try to analyse the example of two football Comics, Olive et Tom and Foot 2 Rue, which contributed between 1999 and 2006 to the definition of a Hegemonic Masculinity. To do this, a linguistic analysis of the stories and dialogues is associated with a pictorial analysis for extract the masculine norms emitted by these media. This double analysis makes it possible to reveal certain possible contradictions or ambiguities between the male models promoted. If during this period, Olive et Tom still called Captain Tsubasa, stages the dazzling career of Tsubasa Ozora (Olivier Atton in the French Version), who dreams of giving his Country, Japan, the World Cup, Foot 2 Rue traces the adventures of Tag, Gabriel, les Teckno and Eloise, teenagers gathered in the Orphanage of Riffler to organize the First Street Soccer World Cup. In general, these two Comics depict social downgraded characters, who thanks to their talent in football, but also their character and the overcoming of the obstacles encountered, manage to rise socially and accomplish their wildest dreams. To do that, they deploy a range of technical gestures, sometimes also a lot of physical strength to gain the upper hand over their opponents. For all these reasons, Olive et Tom and Foot 2 Rue represent two landmark works by French Youth that convey masculine norms negotiated between traditional and virile Masculinity and gender inclusiveness.

This article explores the ways in which China is perceived in Chile through an analysis of representations about that country in a case study: 71 graduate business students, between 2018 and 2022. Based on an adaptation of the DAST methodology, participants were asked to draw China, without further instructions, which allowed identifying the main representations of China of the top-ranked business graduate students. The results show that China is represented in ways that remain anchored in traditional historical representations. Despite the growing and broader economic exchange between the two countries, essentialist ideas of China as another and as a market prevail. Este artículo explora las formas en las que se representa a China en Chile a través de un caso de estudio: 71 estudiantes de un posgrado en negocios, entre 2018 y 2022. A partir de una adaptación de la metodología DAST, se les pidió a los participantes que dibujaran China, sin más instrucciones, lo que permitió identificar las principales representaciones sobre ese país de estudiantes chilenos de un posgrado en negocios. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes representan a China desde dimensiones históricas tradicionales. Pese al creciente y más amplio intercambio económico entre ambos países, prevalecen las ideas esencialistas de China como otro, formuladas desde una dimensión de mercado. Este trabalho explora as formas como a China é percebida no Chile por meio de uma análise de ideias sobre o país em um grupo de estudantes de pós-graduação em negócios, entre 2018 e 2022. A partir de uma adaptação da metodologia DAST, os participantes foram solicitados a desenhar a China, sem mais instruções, o que permitiu identificar as principais representações mentais da China pelos estudantes de pós-graduação em negócios mais bem classificados. Os resultados mostram que, apesar de seu elevado capital cultural, financeiro e social (em termos de Bourdieu), a China é representada de maneiras que ainda estão ancoradas em representações históricas tradicionais. Apesar do crescente intercâmbio econômico e mais amplo entre os dois países, prevalecem ideias essencialistas da China como o outro e como mercado.

Brain responses to food are thought to reflect food's rewarding value and to fluctuate with dietary restraint. We propose that brain responses to food are dynamic and depend on attentional focus. Food pictures (high-caloric/low-caloric, palatable/unpalatable) were presented during fMRI-scanning, while attentional focus (hedo-nic/health/neutral) was induced in 52 female participants varying in dietary restraint. The level of brain activity was hardly different between palatable versus unpalatable foods or high-caloric versus low-caloric foods. Activity in several brain regions was higher in hedonic than in health or neutral attentional focus ( p < .05, FWE-corrected). Palatability and calorie content could be decoded from multi-voxel activity patterns ( p < .05, FDR-corrected). Dietary restraint did not significantly influence brain responses to food. So, level of brain activity in response to food stimuli depends on attentional focus, and may reflect salience, not reward value. Palatability and calorie content are reflected in patterns of brain activity.

This paper presents research that originates from a journey between Ida, a small agricultural village in northern Greece and Gevgelija’s Strip, a border/customs area in southern North Macedonia, permeated with various commercial facilities. To make the trip it is necessary to access the E-75 (European route 75) which connects the two countries. By performing this itinerary, from Ida to Gevgelija’s Strip, a series of dipoles unfold: the passage from a rural village to an area influenced by supermodernity, or a non-place, as well as a passage from the field of production and accumulation of surplus/capital to the field where it is being consumed and wasted. Throughout this research, different kinds of representations such as maps, diagrams and models, were extensively used as a research strategy and method to de-code the circuit of spaces, programmes and infrastructure. Furthermore, they were used to define a relationship between the infrastructures of production on one side and the infrastructures of consumption on the other, but also the role of the national border in the development of this relationship. The study puts a special focus on the area of this development and the way it has taken form due to its proximity to the critical point where two important - but with opposite roles - axes (the border and the motorway) coincide and create a threshold. Το άρθρο παρουσιάζει μια έρευνα που έχει ως αφετηρία ένα ταξίδι μεταξύ της Ίδας, ενός μικρού αγροτικού χωριού της βόρειας Ελλάδας, και τη Λωρίδα της Γευγελής, μιας παραμεθόριας περιοχής στο νότιο τμήμα της Βόρειας Μακεδονίας, όπου παρατηρείται η ανάπτυξη διαφόρων εμπορικών εγκαταστάσεων. Για την πραγματοποίηση αυτού του ταξιδιού είναι απαραίτητη η πρόσβαση στον αυτοκινητόδρομο Ε-75 (Ευρωπαϊκή οδός 75) που συνδέει τις δύο χώρες. Μέσα από αυτή τη διαδρομή, από την Ίδα στη Λωρίδα της Γευγελής, μια σειρά από δίπολα ξεδιπλώνεται: το πέρασμα από ένα αγροτικό χωριό σε μια περιοχή επηρεασμένη από την υπερνεωτερικότητα ή έναν μη-τόπο, καθώς και το πέρασμα από το πεδίο της παραγωγής και συγκέντρωσης ενός αποθέματος, σε ένα πεδίο όπου αυτό καταναλώνεται και κατασπαταλάται. Ως ερευνητική στρατηγική χρησιμοποιήθηκε εκτενώς η παραγωγή αναπαραστάσεων (χαρτών, διαγραμμάτων, μακετών) σε διαφορετικές κλίμακες του χώρου, προκειμένου να αποκωδικοποιηθεί το κύκλωμα των χώρων, προγραμμάτων και υποδομών. Αυτή η μέθοδος χρησιμοποιείται επιπλέον για να προσδιορίσει τη σχέση μεταξύ των υποδομών παραγωγής στη μία πλευρά με τις υποδομές κατανάλωσης στην άλλη, αλλά επίσης και το ρόλο του εθνικού συνόρου στην ανάπτυξη αυτής της σχέσης. Η μελέτη δίνει ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στην περιοχή αυτής της ανάπτυξης και στον τρόπο που αυτή παίρνει μορφή λόγω της εγγύτητάς της στο κρίσιμο σημείο όπου δύο σημαντικοί -αλλά με αντίθετο ρόλο άξονες- (το σύνορο και ο αυτοκινητόδρομος) συναντιούνται και δημιουργούν ένα κατώφλι.

Depuis la fin de la Yougoslavie, la Bosnie-Herzégovine a connu de nombreuses transformations politiques et économiques. L’une des évolutions récentes de la dernière décennie a été la prolifération de nouveaux supermarchés et centres commerciaux, signes d’un secteur des services de plus en plus dominant. Cet article analyse la figure d’un homme d’affaires et entrepreneur local, qui a créé la plus grande entreprise de commerce de détail de Bosnie. Il propose une analyse de la représentation du succès économique dans une ville bosniaque qui était un important centre industriel du temps de la Yougoslavie. S’appuyant sur une recherche ethnologique d’un an, ainsi que sur la littérature sur l’entrepreneuriat et le « patronage » de l’anthropologie méditerranéenne, il analyse les relations que cet homme d’affaires entretient avec ses employés et la façon dont il est perçu par la population locale, ces perceptions oscillant entre celle d’un homme d’affaires de l’ombre et celle d’un patron qui soutient l’économie locale. Ces images mettent à jour des représentations sous-jacentes sur la réussite économique dans un pays semi-périphérique. L’article montre en outre comment certains employés peuvent profiter de relations personnelles avec l’homme d'affaires, tandis que d’autres sont exclus de ce type de relations et donc de certaines stabilités. Since the end of Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina has gone through numerous political and economic transformations. One of the recent developments of the last decade was the mushrooming of new supermarkets and shopping malls, a sign of the ever more dominating service sector. This article analyses the figure of a local businessman and entrepreneur, who created Bosnia’s biggest retail trade company. It presents an analysis on the representation of economic success in a post-socialist Bosnian town that used to be an important industrial centre of Yugoslavia. Drawing from one year of ethnological research, as well as literature on entrepreneurship and patronage, it analyses the relations this businessman creates with employees and how he is perceived by the local population. Citizens of Tuzla consider him either as a shadowy businessman or as a patron supporting the local economy. These images uncover paradoxical representations about economic success in a semi-peripheral country. Furthermore, the article shows how some employees profit from personal relations with the businessman, while others are excluded from these kinds of relations and thus from certain stabilities.

Este trabajo propone estudiar desde el comparatismo algunas representaciones de la utopía vinculadas con la “e(in)migración” italiana en la Argentina en textos literarios de Nella Pasini, Adolfo Saldías, Pedro Orgambide, Armando Discépolo, Gastón Gori, Antonio Marazzi, Paolo Mantegazza, entre otros. This work proposes to study from comparatism some representations of utopia in its relationship with Italian “e(in)migration” in Argentina in literary texts by Nella Pasini, Adolfo Saldías, Pedro Orgambide, Armando Discépolo, Gastón Gori, Antonio Marazzi, Paolo Mantegazza, among others.

L’article analyse la dévalorisation du travail effectuée dans un corpus de quatre romans à grands tirages parus ou réédités entre 1954 et 1965 (Vian, Sagan, Perec). Que le travail y soit explicitement thématisé et critiqué ou volontairement invisibilisé, y échapper est, dans ces récits, toujours un enjeu narratif important. On fait l’hypothèse que c’est à travers la mise en intrigue et la macrostructure que s’élabore dans ces récits une réflexion éthique opposant le travail comme situation problématique et l’oisiveté comme situation idéale. On montre également comment ces réflexions formelles peuvent être insérées dans le contexte de la révolution culturelle des années 1960 et donc ce qu’elles peuvent apporter à une démarche d’histoire littéraire. This article analyses the devaluation of work in a corpus of four popular novels published or republished between 1954 and 1965 (Vian, Sagan, Perec). Whether work is explicitly thematised and criticised or intentionally invisible, escaping it is always an important narrative stake in these stories. The hypothesis is that an ethical reflection opposing work as a problematic situation and idleness as an ideal situation is developed through plot construction and macrostructure in these narratives. The article also shows how these formal reflections can be inserted in the context of the cultural revolution of the 1960s and what they can bring to a literary history approach.

Au cours de la première moitié du XXe siècle, le patronat suisse de l’industrie des machines et métaux renouvèle en profondeur les comptabilités de ses entreprises. Si les rapports publiés tendent désormais à invisibiliser les données de production, en particulier le travail salarié, en interne, les services comptables établissent progressivement des statistiques d’une extrême précision sur le temps de travail et la rentabilité de la production. L’objectif explicite est d’abaisser les coûts et d’augmenter la productivité. Les archives comptables des entreprises révèlent que l’ambition implicite convoite davantage: propriétaires et administrateurs d’entreprises aspirent à transformer les rapports de production en imposant un contrôle accru et une intensification du travail. During the first half of the twentieth century, Swiss industry bosses in the machine and metal industries profoundly renewed their companies’ accounting practices. While published reports tended to obscure production data, particularly labour costs, internally, accounting departments gradually established extremely precise statistics on working time and production profitability. The explicit goal is to reduce costs and increase productivity. However, the accounting archives of companies reveal that the implicit ambition is even more significant: business owners and shareholders aspire to transform production relationships by imposing greater control and intensifying labour.

Porté par le renouveau de la militance féministe au tournant de la décennie, par l’extension du droit de vote aux femmes au niveau fédéral et par une présence accrue sur le marché de l’emploi, le thème du travail féminin et des disparités qui le caractérisent devient un objet de débat public et politique au cours des années 1970. De cette attention renouvelée atteste également la présence, dans la production de la Télévision Suisse Romande de ces années, de plusieurs émissions consacrées au problème de la conciliation entre le travail et la maternité. Dans cette contribution, nous examinons quelques-unes de ces émissions pour analyser une des figures mobilisées, celle de la «mère seule», les représentations qui lui sont associées et le rôle de cette figure dans la construction des émissions. Driven by the resurgence of feminist activism at the turn of the decade, the extension of voting rights to women at the federal level, and an increased presence in the job market, the theme of female labour and the disparities that characterise it became an object of public and political debate in the 1970s. The renewed attention is also evidenced by several programmes dedicated to the problem of reconciling work and motherhood in the production schedule of Télévision Suisse Romande during these years. In this article, we examine some of these programmes to analyse one of the figures mobilised, that of the “lone mother”, the representations associated with her, and the role of this figure in the construction of the programmes.

En prenant pour fil directeur la fonction du travail en tant que quasi-transcendantal dans Les mots et les choses, cette contribution propose une analyse du statut historico-épistémologique accordé par Foucault au marxisme dans le même ouvrage. À partir de la question nodale de la détermination anthropologique de l’histoire à l’œuvre chez Marx, il s’agit de montrer en quoi le diagnostic porté sur l’obsolescence de celui-ci par l’«archéologie des sciences humaines» s’étend au marxisme contemporain, à partir de l’exemple privilégié de la Critique de la raison dialectique de Sartre. Using the function of work as a quasi-transcendental in The Order of Things (1966) as its guiding thread, this article proposes an analysis of the historical-epistemological status accorded by Foucault to Marxism in the same work. Starting from the central question of the anthropological determination of history at work in Marx, the aim is to show how the diagnosis of its obsolescence by the “archaeology of the human sciences” extends to contemporary Marxism, based on the example of Sartre’s Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960).

La culture du chanvre au Canada sous les Régimes français et britannique attire l’attention des historien.ne.s depuis longtemps. Jusqu’à récemment, on s’est surtout intéressé aux tentatives répétées des administrateurs pour développer cette culture au Canada. Un autre élément est resté largement ignoré : le discours que formulent les autorités coloniales au sujet du chanvre, produit agricole aussi mal aimé de la paysannerie canadienne qu’il est chéri des administrateurs coloniaux. Qu’il soit français ou britannique, le programme officiel, centré sur les fournitures navales (le chanvre sert notamment à la fabrication des voiles et cordages) et associé à des desseins mercantilistes, vise à remplacer par du chanvre canadien celui que les métropoles successives importent de l’étranger, principalement de l’Europe du Nord. Pourtant, cette politique ne répond que difficilement aux conditions coloniales. Malgré tout, depuis Québec, les dirigeants coloniaux tant français qu’anglais s’obstinent pendant longtemps à la mettre en place, lui consacrant de longs passages dans leur correspondance avec les différents ministères à Paris ou à Versailles, puis à Londres. En énumérant les obstacles à la culture chanvrière, ils élaborent un discours foncièrement stéréotypé sur la paysannerie canadienne, voire sur la population créole en général. Ces images auront la vie dure, traversant la césure de la Conquête et influençant autant les auteurs contemporains que les récits historiques qui seront réalisés jusqu’en plein XXe siècle. Néanmoins, il y a un apprentissage à signaler. Il se manifeste en deux temps : dans les propos plus lucides des administrateurs du Régime français finissant et, près d’un demi-siècle plus tard, dans le discours agronomique émergent dans les environs de l’Assemblée coloniale plus sensible aux possibilités de l’agriculture locale., The cultivation of hemp in Canada under the French and British Regimes has long attracted the attention of historians. Until recently, the focus has been on repeated attempts by administrators to develop this culture in Canada. Another element remained largely ignored: the discourse formulated by the colonial authorities on the subject of hemp, an agricultural product as unloved by the Canadian peasantry as it was cherished by the colonial administrators. Whether French or British, the official program, centred on naval supplies (hemp was used in particular for the manufacture of sails and ropes) and associated with mercantilist designs, aimed to replace with Canadian hemp that which successive metropolises import from abroad, mainly from Northern Europe. However, this policy responded only with difficulty to colonial conditions. Despite everything, from Quebec, the colonial administrators, both French and English, persisted for a long time in introducing it, devoting long passages to it in their correspondence with the various ministries in Paris or Versailles, and later in London. By listing the obstacles to hemp culture, they developed a fundamentally stereotyped discourse on the Canadian peasantry, and even on the Creole population in general. These images will have a long life, surviving then change of regime at the Conquest and influencing both contemporary authors and the historical narratives that would be produced until the middle of the 20th century. Nevertheless, there was a learning process. It manifested itself in two stages: in the more lucid formulations of the administrators of the late French Regime and, nearly half a century later, in the agronomic discourse emerging in the vicinity of the Colonial Assembly, more sensitive to the possibilities of local agriculture.

Mergers and acquisitions transactions allow the intervening parties to create a specific legal regime applicable only to them, which distributes the responsibility for the goods transferred through the sale (whether shares, assets, or a combination of the latter that results in a running business). Within the framework of these legal regimes, an opportunity to reduce risks has been found in the insurance market, through the contracting of insurance policies that cover scenarios of responsibility of the sellers, in the event of falsehood, inaccuracy or non-compliance with the representations and warranties that they grant to buyers, and that result in damages to the latter or to the target company. In this article we address the complexity of this legal figure that even though it is not offered directly in the Peruvian market, it has been gaining strength in the region. Las transacciones de fusiones y adquisiciones permiten a las partes intervinientes crear un régimen jurídico específico, y aplicable solo a ellas, que distribuye la responsabilidad por los bienes materia de compraventa (sean acciones, activos, o una combinación de estos últimos que resulten en un negocio en marcha). En el marco de estos regímenes jurídicos, se ha encontrado en el mercado de seguros una oportunidad para reducir riesgos mediante la contratación de pólizas que cubran escenarios de responsabilidad de los vendedores ante la falsedad, inexactitud o incumplimiento de las declaraciones y garantías que otorguen a los compradores, y que deriven en daños a estos últimos o a la compañía objetivo. En este artículo se aborda la complejidad de esta figura legal que, si bien no se ofrece directamente en el mercado peruano, viene tomando fuerza en la región.

This article examines the cultural construction of the Italian brigand, a prominent figure in the social imagination of 19th century Europe. The main objective is to establish a connection between the cultural representations of the brigands and the romantic discourse on the « mysteries » of the criminal classes. The article aims to analyse the processes of identification, mediatisation, politicisation and criminalisation linked to brigands and the phenomenon of brigandage. The article offers a contribution to the study of the complex mixture of literary production, criminological discourse and political conflict, which seems to be the privileged instrument for defining the changing representations of this social type. Cet article porte sur la construction culturelle du brigand italien, une figure marquante de l’imaginaire social de l’Europe du xixe siècle. Le principal objectif est d’établir un lien entre les représentations culturelles des brigands et le discours romantique sur les « mystères » des classes criminelles. L’article vise notamment à analyser les mécanismes d’identification, médiatisation, politisation et criminalisation liées aux brigands et au phénomène du brigandage. L’article offre ainsi une contribution à l’étude du mélange complexe d’imaginaire littéraire, de discours criminologique et de conflit politique, qui semble être le vecteur privilégié de définition des représentations changeantes de ce type social.

Contemporary racism has been investigated through Classical Antiquity by several scholars since 1960. This paper provides a narrow approach to racism which stresses comparative history in order to select fruitful contexts and analyse both the textual construction and physical destruction of barbarian otherness., Depuis 1960, divers chercheurs ont étudié le racisme contemporain tout au long de l’Antiquité. La présente contribution propose une approche restreinte qui prône la comparaison historique pour sélectionner des contextes productifs et analyser à la fois la construction textuelle et la destruction physique de l’Autre-barbare., Desde 1960, diversos investigadores han estudiado el racismo contemporáneo a través de la Antigüedad. La presente contribución propone un enfoque restringido que aboga por la comparación histórica para seleccionar contextos productivos y analizar tanto la construcción textual como la destrucción física del Otro-bárbaro., Sanz Casasnovas Gabriel. ¿Racismo en la Antigüedad Clásica? Un enfoque restringido. In: Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, vol. 48, n°1, 2022. pp. 123-147.

Objective. Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (rt-fMRI-NF) is a non-invasive procedure allowing the self-regulation of brain functions via enhanced self-control of fMRI based neural activation. In semantic rt-fMRI-NF, an estimated relation between multivariate fMRI activation patterns and abstract mental states is exploited for a multi-dimensional feedback stimulus via real-time representational similarity analysis (rt-RSA). Here, we assessed the performances of this framework in a multi-subject multi-session study on a 3 T MRI clinical scanner. Approach. Eighteen healthy volunteers underwent two semantic rt-fMRI-NF sessions on two different days. In each session, participants were first requested to engage in specific mental states while local fMRI patterns of brain activity were recorded during stimulated mental imagery of concrete objects (pattern generation). The obtained neural representations were to be replicated and modulated by the participants in subsequent runs of the same session under the guidance of a rt-RSA generated visual feedback (pattern modulation). Performance indicators were derived from the rt-RSA output to assess individual abilities in replicating (and maintaining over time) a target pattern. Simulations were carried out to assess the impact of the geometric distortions implied by the low-dimensional representation of patterns’ dissimilarities in the visual feedback. Main results. Sixteen subjects successfully completed both semantic rt-fMRI-NF sessions. Considering some performance indicators, a significant improvement between the first and the second runs, and within run increasing modulation performances were observed, whereas no improvements were found between sessions. Simulations confirmed that in a small percentage of cases visual feedback could be affected by metric distortions due to dimensionality reduction implicit to the rt-RSA approach. Significance. Our results proved the feasibility of the semantic rt-fMRI-NF at 3 T, showing that subjects can successfully modulate and maintain a target mental state when guided by rt-RSA derived feedback. Further development is needed to encourage future clinical applications.

Self-critical perfectionism has been linked to alliance impairments due to patients' distancing attitudes. However, systematic research on therapists' emotional experiencing when working with self-critical patients is scarce. This qualitative study explores how therapists perceive, emotionally experience, and react to self-critical patients' interpersonal dynamics. We studied narrative data from clinical supervisions where psychodynamic psychotherapists discussed self-critical patients (N = 7) within the context of an RCT on Major Depressive Disorder. Consensual Qualitative Research was applied to identify recurrent patterns in the data. As a global impediment to treatment, therapists observed a pattern of nonengagement. Patients' superficial and avoidant way of communicating, hostility or aggressiveness in the alliance, and low or inaccurate treatment expectations emerged as main obstacles to the therapeutic process, evoking negative affect in therapists. More vulnerable aspects of the patient and case formulation emerged as having a mitigating effect on unfavorable therapist reactions. Our findings confirm longstanding clinical and theoretical accounts associating therapeutic work with self-critical patients with negative affect in therapists. Our study suggests that negative responses may be enacted in therapy which can reinforce poor alliance. We discuss the role of supervision in helping therapists to become aware of and manage negative responses, engage in case conceptualization, and advance clinical work.

International audience; Widely heralded as a driver of sustainable development, ecotourism is promoted using images of rural landscapes. But how important are the landscapes themselves in these tourism projects? Based on advertising by tour operators and trekking agencies on their websites and reviews by tourists posted on Tripadvisor®, we have identified the motivations on which landscape resources are based and analyzed the importance of forests and anthropogenic landscapes (formed by agricultural activity in particular) in attracting tourists. This study is based on an analysis of representations of forested landscapes in the Nam Ha National Protected Area, in the mountains of Northern Laos.; L’écotourisme, régulièrement présenté comme un levier du développement durable, se fonde sur la promotion d’images paysagères. Quel est cependant la place des paysages dans ces projets? Nous avons identifié, à partir des discours des agences de trek collectés sur leurs sites web et les avis des touristes déposés sur Tripadvisor, sur quels motifs la ressource paysagère repose, et nous avons analysé la place de la forêt et des paysages anthropiques (façonnés notamment par l’agriculture) dans l’attractivité touristique. Cette réflexion est conduite à partir de l’analyse des représentations paysagères associées aux paysages de montagnes forestières d’une aire protégée du Nord Laos, la Nam Ha National Protected Area.