Search

In R (on the application of Begum) v Secretary of State for the Home Department, Ms Shamima Begum was deprived of her British citizenship by the Secretary of State for the Home Department, as she had chosen to flee to Syria, and aligned herself with Islamic State of Iraq and Levant. To safeguard the UK's national security, the Supreme Court held that Ms Begum could not return to the UK to challenge the legality of the decision to deprive her of her citizenship. Accordingly, this matter was recently heard in the Special Immigration Appeals Commission whilst Ms Begum remained outside the UK. This piece argues that, as a result of this decision, the equilibrium of power has further shifted in favour of the executive/Secretary of State for the Home Department. This has the effect of attenuating the powers of the appellate bodies to hear cases regarding deprivation of citizenship matters.

Following the end of the Brexit transition period on 31 December 2020, the EU’s Common European Asylum System, the Dublin III Regulation and the EURODAC database are no longer applicable to the UK. There is uncertainty about the UK’s handling of asylum seekers arriving in the country. There are currently (April 2022) no formal agreements between the UK and the EU or individual EU member states to determine responsibility for examining an asylum request. The EU did not propose alternative draft agreements on post-Brexit asylum cooperation. As a result, no agreements were adopted. Countries including France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands have already stated that they will not agree to bilateral returns deals with the UK. Without replacement returns agreements’, UK removals of asylum seekers will not be facilitated by their EU member state neighbours. This will mean that the number of asylum seekers entering the UK will undoubtedly increase. This paper will assess the implications on asylum and migration of the new land border between the UK and the EU in light of the Nationality and Borders Bill 2021.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity due to axonal degeneration. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms a longitudinal network within the axon; common mutations in HSP affect proteins of the spastin, atlastin, REEP and reticulon (RTN) families, which possess hydrophobic hairpin domains in the ER membrane to help confer curvature on tubular ER. Drosophila mutants lacking members of RTN and REEP families exhibit partial ER fragmentation in axons. Conversely, yeast mutants lacking all RTNs and REEPs lose most tubular ER, which indicates involvement of other proteins in ER organization in Drosophila. I aimed to test whether additional HSP or functionally related genes might have roles in the organization of axonal ER in Drosophila. I tested several candidate proteins in a Rtnl1- ReepA- ReepB- background, which already has fewer axon ER tubules, and identified Rab18 and Rab3GAP2 as possible additional smooth ER-modelling proteins. I also characterized Arl6IP1, an ER-localized HSP protein, as a likely ER-modelling protein. Loss of Arl6IP1 had no significant effect on ER distribution in motor axons in wild-type or Rtnl1- ReepA- ReepB- backgrounds and showed no significant effect on ER distribution in class IV multidendritic sensory neurons or tubular ER dynamics. However, loss of Arl6IP1 cause an apparent increase in ER levels in presynaptic NMJs. Therefore, Arl6IP1 might not be playing a direct role in shaping axonal ER in a manner similar to other known ER-shaping proteins but may play a role in regulating levels of presynaptic ER at the NMJs. I also tested effects of a null mutation in atlastin, an ER membrane fusion GTPase, on axonal ER, and observed significantly higher ER labelling intensity and impaired ER dynamics in its absence suggesting that loss of atlastin may lead to an increase in ER tubules in axons accompanied by a loss in ER structural complexity. To improve the toolbox for monitoring axonal ER, I also generated transgenic flies that overexpress a smooth ER marker tagged with a photoconvertible protein, CG9186::mEos4b, as a potential tool for understanding the organisation of axonal ER, using both photoconversion and correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) in individual axons. Taken together, my work advances our understanding of how HSP proteins may affect axon ER organisation and dynamics., Gates Cambridge Trust

Figure S1. Variations in body weight due to LM infection and its amelioration with LB. Body weight at day 1st among all groups statistically similar (pâ â Ľâ 0.05). (DOCX 19 kb)

Exposure to the aromatic hydrocarbon is a public health problem and threat to environment with proven harmful impact on humanity, including industrial workers and general population. Petrol station attendants are workers chronically exposed at least five year to petroleum derivatives primarily through inhalation of the volatile fraction of petrol during vehicle refueling. Significant include harmful health impacts on hematological feature of worker by causing anemia. The adverse health effects of gasoline exposure may be primarily related to the impairment of the haemopoietic system with bone marrow depression. In this overview study evaluate the expected toxic effects of workplace exposure to petrol products in gasoline filling worker. Keyword: Anemia, Gasoline, Hematotoxicity, Petrol station workers.